09年中考英语总复习一词汇-1

09年中考英语总复习一词汇-1
词汇(一)
这一讲里,主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法,特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。

一、名词关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数,名词的格。

单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a
1.复数的构成方法:(1)一般在复数名词后加s,如:dog--dogs。

(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,如:watch--watches。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es, 如:country--countries。

请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词,则只须加s。

如:monkey--monkeys。

(4)以o结尾的名词,只有potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。

(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加es, 如:knife--knives。

2.单复数形式相同
词:sheep--sheep,fish--fish Chinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊变化的单词有:(1)tooth--teeth,foot--feeth
(2)man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen
请区别:German(德国人)-Germans (3)child-children
4.常以复数形式出现的名词:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语,用复数。

如:My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。

这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。

如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理) No news is good news.
6.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等来修饰可数名词复数。

How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife)
不可数名词:1.常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。

应特别记
medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
2.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数。

如:Some bread__________over
there.(be)
3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。

4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。

如要表达"两片面包"这样的意义,bread仍为不可数名词,不加s,而piece则可加s。

即:twopiecesof bread
请区别:可数名词也可用量来表示, 如:三箱苹果three boxes of apples
例: 1、These two pieces of bread __________over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ___________,please?
A.piece of bread
B.piece of breads
C.pieces of
bread D.pieces of breads
名词的格名词所有格的构成方法,在名词后加" 's"。

如:Tom→Tom's译为"…的",若遇上以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加" '"即可。

如:Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加's 。

如:Children's Day
关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点:
1.可用名词所有格表示地点。

如:my aunt's 我姑姑家。

go to the doctor's 去医生家。

2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's 如:Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉
的
3.掌握词组:a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、
Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my
二、冠词
冠词是词汇中的基础的,也是简单的部分,所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法,归纳起来,同学们应该掌握以下几点: 1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the
2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an hour,an English car. 请区别:a useful machine
3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the
4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如:the sun,the moon,the earth
5.定冠词the用于序数词前,表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。

如:the first,the best ,in the south
6.在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数。

如:The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:in the box ,behind the chair
8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面:
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。

如:in summer,in August
请区别:in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指,故加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。

如:have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.
9.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:
in front of 在…前面 in the hospital 在医院里
in the front of 在…范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院
练习:There's _________800-metre-long road behind _________hospital.
A.an,an
B.a, a
C.an, the
D.a, the
三、数词
同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。

对数词的考查,中考常采用单选题及听力题,这些题型归纳起来,应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。

1.基数词变序数词。

其规律为:
1,2,3特殊记,加th从4起 (first,second,third,fourth)
8少t,9去e,千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12,ve变f (fifth,twelfth)
20到90,y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几,前基后序别倒位
(ninety-first)
2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。

如:five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式。

hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的
millions of 数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。

3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。

练习:①Henry has learned eight _________ French words this year.
A.hundred
B.hundreds
C.hundred of
D.hundreds of
②The _________lesso n is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)
另外,同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。

顺读法(钟点+分钟) 如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点) 如:4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five
练习题 :
1.At the beginning of the_____(twenty) century,the world's population was about 1700 million.
2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.
3.You don't look well.You'd better go to the______(doctor) at
once.
4.Would you give me________,please?
A.two papers
B.two piece of paper
C.two pieces of paper
D.two pieces of papers
5.There are three_____and seven____in the picture.
A.monkeys,sheeps
B.monkeys,sheep
C.monkies,sheep
D.monkies,sheeps
6.A lot of____are talking with two_______.
A.Germans,Frenchmans
B.Germen,Frenchmans
C.German,
Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen
7.June 1 is __. A.the Children's Day B.the Childrens' Day C.Children's Day
D.Childrens' Day
8.__________people went out to see what had happened.
A.Thousands of
B.Three thousand of
C.Thousand of
D.Three thousands
9.We have been in the school for______.
A.three and a half month
B.three and a half months
C.three month and a half
D.three months and half
10.__________English is___________ useful language. A.A, an B./,
a C.The, an D. A, /
11.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now.
A.an,a
B.a,the
C.the,a
D.an,the
12.There's ________ old tree near _______
house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a
13.There is ________ 800-metre-long road behind _________
hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the
四.代词
①人称代词: 主格: 单数I 、you 、he 、she 、it 复数 we 、you 、they
宾格: 单数me 、you 、him 、her 、it 复数us 、you 、them
⑵物主代词: 形容词性 my 、your 、his 、her 、its 、our 、your 、their
名词性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs
③反身代词: myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词,名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语,相当于一个名词。

2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。

如:⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books)
⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room)
3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属如:a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为:"第二人称,第三人称,第一人称"。

如:You, she and I all enjoy the music.
5.关于反身代词,同学们须掌握其固定结构:
enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快) by oneself=alone (单独、独自)
help oneself to… (随便吃/喝些...) learn sth. by
oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)
练习题
1.-Whose trousers are these? -_____, I think.
A.They
B.Their
C.Theirs
D.Them
2. Nobody taught___English. He taught____. A.him, himself B.his,
himself C.him, by himself D.his, his
(二) 修饰可数名词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义
修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义 few 和 little 与quite 或 only 连用时,常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.=
用little, a little, few, a few填空:
1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here.
2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass.
3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well.
4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday.
(三)不定代词: something, anything, nothing.
当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时,常后置。

如:something new
There's __________ in today's newspaper. 中考题
A.important anything
B.important something
C.anything
important D.something important
(四)另外,还要注意代词some, every, all, both, either, another
1.some(一些,某) 一般用于肯定句中注:some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。

any(任何) 多用于疑问句和否定句
① Will you give me some water?② Would you like some meat?
③ May I ask some questions?④ Could I have some apples?
2.every+单数名词 "每一个" 强调共性,作定语,形式上为单数。

each "每一个" 强调个性,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用。

如: Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.
Every child likes playing games.
3.all "(全部)都" 表示三者或三者以上,作同位语时,一般放在连系、助动词之后,行为动词之前。

none "没有"表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of
如: We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.
None of us is/are afraid of dogs.(单、复数均
可)
4.both "(两者)都" ,作主语时,看作复数;作定语时,后跟名词复数。

either "两者中任何一个" ,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时,后跟名词单数。

neither "(两者)都不",含有否定意义,用法同either。

如:①They both swim well. =Both of them swim well.
②There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street.
③Neither of us is going to Beijing next week.
④Neither answer is right.
5. another +单数名词, "另一个"
one … the other "一个……,另一个……"
the other +复数名词 = the others "其他的人或物" (指确定范围内剩下的全
部) others "别人"
(五)疑问代词 5个"wh", 即who, whose, whom, what, which
这里,which是同学们不易掌握的内容,其实,同学们只须记住,对作定语的内容提问,常用which.
例如: I like the red shirt. ___________ ___________ do you like ?。