温州大学820英语语言学12-17年真题
温州大学研究生入学考研真题【2015】820英语语言学试题A
2015年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题（A卷）科目代码及名称:820英语语言学适用专业：英语语言文学01、03方向考生（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）I.Discriminate the following pairs of terms.(25points)1.psycholinguistics vs.cognitive linguistics;2.error vs.mistake;petence vs. communicative competence;4.synchronic vs.diachronic;5.phonetics vs.phonology.II.Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.If it is true, write A on the answer sheet;if it is false,write B on it.(20points)1.The study of language in use is called pragmatics.2.Chomsky has been called father of modern linguistics.3.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of compositionality.4.There are three main subtypes of antonymy:gradable antonymy,converse antonymy,and relational antonymy.5.We can divide a syllable into two parts,the RHYME(or RIME)and the ONSET.The vowel within the rhyme is the NUCLEUS,with the consonant(s)after it termed the CODA.6.The study of how words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.7.The sound[s]is shared by“maps”and“keeps”as a common morpheme.8.When we use a simple set of symbols in our transcription,it is called a NARROW TRANSCRIPTION.9.The change of the negative prefix“in-”to“im-”when preceding/p/is through a process called assimilation.10.The lower terms for a superordinate are class members.11.Garden path sentences are sentences that are initially interpreted with a different structure than they actually have.12.A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which a derivational affix can be added.13.The word“interpersonal”consists of three morphemes.14.Nouns,adverbs,and adjectives belong to function words.15.Polymorphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called compounds.第1页，共2页ngue is defined by Saussure as the concrete utterances of a speaker.17.Positional relation,or word order,refers to the sequential arrangement of words in a language.18.All the words in a language can be used to refer to,but only some have senses.19.Sense is regarded as a kind of intralinguistic relationship.20.The word“baby-sit”is an exocentric compound.III.Answer the following questions.(30points)1.How do you comment on Paul Herbert Grice’s CP(COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE)?2.How do you interpret REGISTER?IV.Analysis.(25points)1.Write down the phonetic symbol according to each of the following descriptions,andthen give an English word that contains this sound.(10points)Phonetic description phonetic symbol English word(1)bilabial nasal[](2)voiced postalveolar affricate[](3)voiceless velar stop[](4)mid central unrounded lax vowel[](5)back high rounded tense vowel[]2.Disambiguate the given two constructions below using IC(immediate constituent) analysis.Tree diagrams are required.(10points)(1)John loves old towns and villages.(2)The children watched the firework from the hill.3.Write out the semantic components of each word.(5points)(1)raise;(2)wifeV.Write a short essay in about500words on either of the two topics below. (50points)1.In Chinese,expressions for moving from one city to another by way of yet another city must take the form‘from X pass-through Y to Z’,and cannot be expressed as‘from X to Z pass-through Y’.How would you characterize the form-meaning relationship exhibited by these Chinese expressions?2.Is it necessary to distinguish between semantics and pragmatics?Please argue for your view.第2页，共2页。
语言学历年真题试卷汇编17.doc
语言学历年真题试卷汇编17(总分：66.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、综合题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)1.给“搬迁大号铁管儿”注上国际音标(元音及语流音变用严式)，分析其中的元音是几个音位，为什么?指出其中的语流音变的现象是什么。
(2006年北京师范大学考题)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、案例分析题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.比较下列句子，分析它们在句法关系和句子成分之间的语义关系上的异同，在此基础上论述句法与语义的关系。
(2003年北京师范大学考题)(1)这种人炸弹也不怕。
(2)这种声音狼也不怕。
(3)这种狗狼也不怕。
(4)事实上我也不怕。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、单项选择题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)3.单项选择题下列各题的备选答案中，只有一个是符合题意的。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.英语中“walker”中的“—er”，“worked”中的“—ed”，两者( )。
(2006年中山大学考题)（分数：2.00）A.都是词缀B.都是词尾C.“—er”是词缀，“—ed”是词尾。
D.“—er”是词尾，“—ed”是词缀。
5.下列说法中正确的是( )。
(2006年中国传媒大学考题)（分数：2.00）A.“老”可以同“新、旧、少、嫩”等构成反义词B.“大”和“小”是绝对对立的反义词C.“红”与“黑”这对反义词具有非此即彼的关系D.“冷”和“热”是相对反义词四、填空题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)6.填空题请完成下列各题，在各题的空处填入恰当的答案。
温州大学考研专业课真题目专业综合A卷
温州大学考研专业课真题目专业综合A卷2011年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题 (A)科目代码及名称: 815专业综合适用专业：050201英语语言文学（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）A 卷第一大部分英语语言学(共50分)I. Define the following terms. (10%)1. arbitrariness;2. duality;3. macrolinguistics;4. diachronic linguisticsII. Judge whether each of the following statements is true(T) or false(F). (10%)1.Applied linguistics is the branch of the study on the application of concepts andfindings of linguistics to language acquisition.2.The speech sounds which are in complementary distribution are definitely allophonesof the same phoneme.3. A stem is any morpheme or combinations of morphemes to which an inflectional affixcan be added.4.Variable words refer to those which do not have inflective changes.5.The word “editor” derives from the word “edit” plus the suffix “-or”.6.Contrastive analysis of errors is a major strand of psycholinguistic research.7.Every speaker of a langauge is, in a strict sense, a speaker of a distinct idiolect.8.After comparing “slowly the artist brought out a piece of paper and a brush” with“The artist brought out a piece of paper and brush slowly”, you may find somedifference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocativemeaning.9.“Tulip”, “rose”and “violet”are all included in the notion of “flower”. Therefore,they are superordinates of “flower”.10.For Leonard Bloomfied, linguistics is a branch of psychology, and specifically of thepositivistic brand of psychology known as behaviorism.III. Discriminate the following pairs of term. (10%)1. langue vs. parole;2. pragmatics vs. semanticsIV. Do the analysis according to the requirements. (10%)1. Analyze the meanings of the following words into semantic components. (4%)(1) give; (2) father; (3) woman2. Do the immediate constituent analysis of the following grammatical constructions usingtree diagrams. (6%)第1页，共6页(1) He glanced at her in a suspicious manner.(2) Jane showed her baby pictures.V. Answer one of the following two questions. (10%)1. How do you comment on Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?2. What do you think of the relationship between psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics?第二部分英语文学（共50分）VI. Identify the following works and quotations with their authors, write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10% )1. Troilus and Cressie2. Much Ado about Nothing3. School for Scandal4. Pamela5. “She walks in beauty, like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies;And all that's best of dark and brightMeet in her aspect and her eyes:Thus mellow'd to that tender lightWhich heaven to gaudy day denies.”6. The Joy Luck Club7. Dubliners8. “Lo, in yon brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand,Ah! Psyche, from the regions whichA re Holy Land!”9. The Catcher in the Rye10. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's StoneVII. Explain TWO of the following literary terms in about 50 wards for each (10%)Dramatic Monologue PuritanismStream of consciousness Iceberg theoryReader-Response Criticism Feminism3VIII. Choose TWO from the following topics and then do according to the requirement in about 100 words for each (10%)1. What’s the difference between Old English literature and Middle English literature?2. To some extent, we can say, Samson is John Milton, Why?3. What are the features of the American literature in the Romantic Period?4. What are Henry David Thoreau's views on nature and individualism and how they are第2共页6页expressed in Thoreau's Walden?5. Choose one of the following authors and make a comment on any one of his/her literary works: Thomas Hardy, Henry James, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mark Twain, F. Scott Fitzgerald.VIV. Comment on ONE of the following selected texts in about 100 words. 10%1. My next care was for some ammunition and arms. There were two very good fowling-pieces in the great cabin, and two pistols. These I secured first, with some powder-horns and a small bag of shot, and two old rusty swords. I knew there were three barrels of powder in the ship, but knew not where our gunner had stowed them; but with much search I found them, two of them dry and good, the third had taken water. Those two I got to my raft with the arms. And now I thought myself pretty well freighted, and began to think how I should get to shore with them, having neither sail, oar, nor rudder; and the least capful of wind would have overset all my navigation.2. When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has its cunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human tempter. There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half the undoing of the4unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forces wholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, vast array of human hives, appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms. Without a counsellor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations, what falsehoods may not these things breathe into the unguarded ear! Unrecognised for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens, then perverts the simpler human perceptions.X. Choose ONE poem from the list below, and make a comment on the theme of it in about 100 words (Use at least three of the following elements develop and reinforce your analysis: diction, tone, image, figure of speech, symbols, irony, syntax, rhythm and meter, rhyme). 10%1A little black thing among the snow:Crying weep, weep, in notes of woe!Where are thy father & mother! say!They are both gone up to the church to pray.第3页共6页Because I was happy upon the heath,And smil'd among the winters snow:They clothed me in the clothes of death,And taught me to sing the notes of woe.And because I am happy, & dance & sing,They think they have done me no injury:And are gone to praise God & his Priest & KingWho make up a heaven of our misery.2Traveling through the dark I found a deerdead on the edge of the Wilson River road.5It is usually best to roll them into the canyon:that road is narrow; to swerve might make more dead.By glow of the tail-light I stumbled back of the carand stood by the heap, a doe, a recent killing;she had stiffened already, almost cold.I dragged her off; she was large in the belly.My fingers touching her side brought me the reason—her side was warm; her fawn lay there waiting,alive, still, never to be born.Beside that mountain road I hesitated.The car aimed ahead its lowered parking lights;under the hood purred the steady engine.I stood in the glare of the warm exhaust turning red;around our group I could hear the wilderness listen.I thought hard for us all--my only swerving--,then pushed her over the edge into the river.第4页，共6页第三部分英美文化 (共50分)XI. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10%)1. The Constitution of the United States was framed in Philadelphia in _________.A. 1776B. 1783C. 1787D. 16202. In the United States, the Department of ______ advises the President on foreign relations.A. DefenseB. StateC. CommerceD. Labor3. Representatives in the Unites States are elected _________.6A. annuallyB. every two yearsC. every three yearsD. every four years4. The New Deal was started by ________.A. Franklin D. RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson5. Which of the following has the power to make federal laws and levy federal taxes?A. The executiveB. The legislativeC. The judicialD. The president6. ________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.A. The Anglo-SaxonsB. The NormansC. The Danish VikingsD. The Romans7. In Britain, a “vote of no confidence” is decided by _________.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the two major partiesD. the Prime Minister8. Through the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to _____.A. grammar schoolsB. comprehensive schoolsC. public schoolsD. technical schools9. Which of the following is not involved in making the foreign policy in Britain?A. The QueenB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the CabinetD. The Ministry of Defence and the Treasury10. All of the following was invented in Britain except ________.A. footballB. tennisC. basketballD. cricketXII. Define TWO of the following terms. (10%)1. Bill of Rights in the United States2. Judicial review3. The House of Lords4. Constitutional monarchy in Britain第5 页共6页XIII. Answer THREE of the following questions briefly. (15%)1. What are the four basic requirements for secondary school students who want to apply for a respected university in the United States?2. Describe briefly the three-tiered national court system of the U.S.3. It is said that British history has been a history of invasions. What are the major invasions?4. What were the major ideas in the Declaration of Independence?75. What factors play an important role in the contemporary foreign policy of UK?XIV. Make a comment on ONE of the following topics. (15%)1. Is American President directly elected by the people? Why or why not? And what are the major procedures in U.S. presidential election?2. Discuss the factors which have contributed to the special relationship between Britain and the United States.第6页，共6 页8。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" in linguistics refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A combination of two speech soundsC. A set of speech sounds that can be exchanged without changing the meaning of a wordD. The pronunciation of a word in a particular dialect答案：C2. Which of the following is an example of "synchronic" analysis?A. Studying how a language has changed over timeB. Studying a language at a single point in timeC. Comparing two languages from different language familiesD. Analyzing the grammar of a dead language答案：B3. The "active voice" in English is characterized by:A. The subject of the sentence performs the actionB. The subject of the sentence receives the actionC. The use of passive constructionsD. The absence of a subject in the sentence答案：A4. Which of the following sentence structures is considered "inverse"?A. Subject-Verb-ObjectB. Object-Subject-VerbC. Verb-Object-SubjectD. Subject-Object-Verb答案：B5. The process of "creolization" results in the formation of:A. A pidginB. A dialectC. A creoleD. A standard language答案：C6. In English, the word "run" can function as:a. A nounb. A verbc. An adjectived. All of the above答案：D7. The term "register" refers to:A. The highest pitch a voice can reachB. A dialect used by a particular social groupC. The level of formality in language useD. A type of linguistic accent答案：C8. The "universal grammar" hypothesis was proposed by:A. Noam ChomskyB. B.F. SkinnerC. Ferdinand de SaussureD. Edward Sapir答案：A9. The "allophone" of the English phoneme /p/ in the word "spin" is:A. Aspirated [pʰ]B. Unaspirated [p]C. Voiced [b]D. Voiceless [p]答案：A10. The linguistic concept of "polysemy" refers to:A. The use of a single word to express multiple meaningsB. The use of multiple words to express a single meaningC. The change in meaning of a word over timeD. The complete replacement of one word by another答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and the nervous system is known as __________.答案：neurolinguistics2. A(n) __________ is a word that has a meaning and stands alone, typically consisting of a single morpheme.3. The __________ of a word is the set of words that are used together with it and influence its meaning.4. In linguistics, __________ refers to the smallest unit of meaning in a language.5. The __________ is the standard form of a verb that is typically used when conjugating the verb in the present tense.6. A(n) __________ is a word that is formed from a root word and one or more affixes.7. The __________ is the study of the historical developmentof languages.8. The __________ is the systematic study of the structureand function of words.9. The __________ is the study of the way in which languages change over time due to contact with other languages.10. The __________ is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of a language and how they function in a system ofcommunication.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 描述语音学中的“最小对立对”概念，并给出一个英语例子。
温州大学英语语言学2012年考研专业课初试真题
2012年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题科目代码及名称: 817 英语语言学A卷适用专业：英语语言文学I. Explain the following terms. (25%)1.endocentric construction;2. denotation;3. psycholinguistics;4. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis;5.minimal piarsII. Decide whether each of the given statements is TRUE or FALSE. If it is true, write down A on your ANSWER SHEET; if it is false, write down B on it. (20%)1. Acoustic phonetics is the study of the perception of sounds by the human ear.2. Morphemes such as –ing, -ed, -able, are known as inflectional morphemes.3.The affixes in the English language are traditionally called bound morphemes.4.In separating langue from parole we are at the same time separating (1) what is social fromwhat is individual; and (2) what is essential from what is accessory.5.By Saussure, arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no naturalrelationship to their meaning.6.Suprasegmentals mainly include syllables, tone, intonation, distinctive features.7.In English, we can have the syllable structure of CCCVCCCC.8.By Leonard Bloomfield (1933), word should be treated as “the minimum free form”.9.The different shapes or phonetic forms of a morpheme are allomorphs of this morpheme, e.g.the different forms of the plural morpheme in English are /s/, /z/, /iz/, and so on.10.ad, bike, math, etc. are instances of backformation.11.Noam Chomsky is hailed as the father of modern linguistics.12.Systemic-Functional grammar consists of the two inseparable components --- SystemicGrammar and Functional Grammar.13.The TEXTUAL FUNCTION refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make anystretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a livingpassage different from a random list of sentences.14.Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphologicalresemblance.15.The first stage of TG grammar is the Standard Theory, and the fifth stage of it is theMinimalist Program.16.Sense refers to the concrete entities with some properties, while reference refers to theabstract properties of an entity.17.Propositional Logic treats a simple proposition as an unanalyzed whole, while Predicate。
温州大学考研专业课真题目专业综合A卷
10.For Leonard Bloomfied, linguistics is a branch of psychology, and specifically of the positivistic brand of psychology known as behaviorism.
VII.Explain TWO of the following literary terms in about 50 wards for each(10%)
Dramatic MonologuePuritanism
Stream of consciousnessIceberg theory
Reader-Response CriticismFeminism
VIII.ChooseTWOfrom the following topics and then do according to therequirementin about100 words for each(10%)
1.What’s the difference between Old English literature and Middle English literature?
ment on ONE of thefollowingselected texts in about100 words.10%
1.My next care was for some ammunition and arms. There were two very good fowling-pieces in the great cabin, and two pistols. These I secured first, with some powder-horns and a small bag of shot, and two old rusty swords. I knew there were three barrels of powder in the ship, but knew not where our gunner had stowed them; but with much search I found them, two of them dry and good, the third had taken water. Those two I got to my raft with the arms. And now I thought myself pretty well freighted, and began to think how I should get to shore with them, having neither sail, oar, nor rudder; and the least capful of wind would have overset all my navigation.
温州大学考研真题
温州大学考研真题温州大学是位于中国浙江省温州市的一所综合性大学。
自1999年开始，温州大学每年都会举行考研入学考试，以选拔优秀的研究生。
考研真题是考试前真实的试题，通过对真题的复习和解析，考生可以更好地了解考试形式和内容，提高备考效果。
本文将从历年的温州大学考研真题中选取几道典型题目，进行解析和讲解。
一、英语专业硕士(MA)考研真题阅读理解：Passage 1The United States has developed a new system to predict tornadoes.Research by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) shows that its new method forecasts the intensity and duration of tornadoes with an accuracy of up to 90%.The system, called High-Resolution Rapid Refresh, uses the current weather data and computer modeling to predict the pattern of tornadoes. The research team analyzed 147 tornadoes in the US Midwest last year to validate their predictions.According to the NOAA's prediction, there will be an 80% chance of severe weather conditions, including tornadoes, in parts of Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.NOAA scientist Steve Weiss said, "The method has been used in predictions for only a year, and its performance has been outstanding."Tornadoes usually occur in the US Midwest in the late spring and early summer. In recent years, tornadoes have caused significant damage and lossof life in the region. With the new prediction system, it is hoped that the people in tornado-prone areas can be better prepared and protected.1. What is the new method developed by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)?A) A method to analyze tornado patterns.B) A method to predict severe weather conditions.C) A method to forecast tornado intensity and duration.D) A method to validate weather predictions.答案：C) A method to forecast tornado intensity and duration.解析：根据Passage 1中的第一段和第三段可以得知，NOAA开发了一种新的系统，用于预测龙卷风的强度和持续时间，所以答案是C。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
有答案的第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主从连词5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精简C、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua franca通用语B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus 角回B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change theletter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user'sk of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker tosomething's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English.()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in differentregional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself, for example, within British English or AmericanEnglish.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speechsituations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples forillustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
2012语言学考试试卷
2012语⾔学考试试卷2011-2012年第⼆学期《英语语⾔学》期末考试试卷适⽤班级：外B1031-32班级_____________姓名_______________学号___________考试说明：1.本考试⽅式为⽹络考试；2.本考试做题⽅式为笔试；3.本考试总分100分，共计六⼤题型；4.本考试有各种具体的做题要求，考⽣必须严格按照要求做题；5.做完试题后，先把你本⼈选作的题⽬发送⼀份电⼦试卷给⽼师，再打印⼀份做好试题答案的试卷交给科任⽼师。
6.没有按照具体要求做题的考⽣将不会得到分数。
第⼀部份、选择题（10 points）【做题要求】从下列试题中选出20个题⽬，打印时不要改变原有序号。
Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (0.5%X20=10%)1.Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s a re very similar, but they differ in that ____________.A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of viewB. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of viewC. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of viewD. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication.A. unnaturalB. artificialC. superficialD. arbitrary3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________.A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitteB. therefore, we needn’t learn the detai ls of our mother tongueC. but the details of language have to be learnt.D. and the details are acquired by instinct4. A(n)________ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. allophoneC. phonemeD. sound5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked” is a(n) __________ morpheme.A. derivationalB. inflectionalC. freeD. word-forming6. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.A. obligatoryB. optionalC. selectionalD. arbitrary7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _____________.A. GriceB. PlatoC. SaussureD. Ogden and Richards8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called ____________, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.A. utteranceB. referenceC. predicationD. morpheme10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act perfo rmed in saying something.A. a perlocutionary actB. a locutionary actC. a constative actD. an illocutionary act11.The word “language” is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language called _________.A. colloquial languageB. scientific languageC. standard languageD. idiolect12.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. bangB. photoC. typewriterD. rumble13.Which of the following sounds is a diphthong?A. [ai]B. [t] C[d] D. [a:]14.“hot dog” with the first element stressed means________.A. a dog which is hotB. a barking dogC. a kind of foodD. a dead dog15.There are _________morphemes in the word” frightening”.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four16. In English, “-ate” and “dis-“ are called _________.A. PrefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. affixes17.The phrase “boys and girls” belongs to the ______ construction.A. complexB. coordinateC. embeddedD. subordinate18. The illocutionary act of the utterance “ I promise to come.” is a _______.C. declarationD. commissive19.Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity ?A. hot/coldB. doctor/patientC. single/marriedD. husband /wife20. Which part of the brain is generally considered to control language and speech.A. left hemisphereB. right hemisphereC. front hemisphereD. back hemisphere21.Modern linguistics give priority to speech because _____________.A. speech sounds are derived from writing systemsB. The spoken form is more basic than the written formC. Writing precedes speech in English languageD. All the languages today have both spoken and written forms.22.In the following sounds, _________ is a glottal sound.A: [h] B. [k] C. [g] D.[n]23.Of the words listed below, ________ is not an English word.A. [blik] B [bilk] C. [kilb] D. [skw]24.In English, the root “tele” means _________.A. seeing, sightB. a branch of learningC. distant, farD. small in size25.The situation in which two or more languages are used side by side is referred to as __________.A. blendingB. BilingualismC. clippingD. pidginization26.The function of the sentence “ A sunny day, isn’t it” is __________.A. informativeD. phatic27. ___________ are language varieties related to the use in particular speech situation.A. Education varietiesB. Age varietiesC. Gendervarieties D. Register varieties28.There ar e _________ morphemes in the word “ disabled”.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four29.Which of the following two-term sets is relational opposite?A. old/youngB. alive/deadC. teacher/pupilD. hot/cold30.The words such as “smog”, and “motel” are __________.A. compound wordsB. abbreviated wordsC. formed by blendingD. coined by backformation.31.Which of the following statements is not the concern of sociolinguists?A.The language a person uses reveals his social background.B.There exist social norms that determine the type of language to be used ona certain occasion.C.How does the human mind work when they use languageD.To investigate the social aspects of language.32. Language is ___________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.A. systematicB. culturally transmittedC. intuitiveD. productive33. ____________ transcription is really the transcription required and used by thephoneticians in their study of speech sounds.A. WideB. NarrowC. BroadD. Detailed34.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in ______________ .A. the pharyngeal cavityB. the oral cavityC. the nasalcavity D. all of the above35. ___________ studies the internal structure of words and the rules that govern theirformation.A. PhonologyB. SemanticsC. SyntaxD. Morphology36.The word “refreshment” contains ___________ morpheme(s).A. zeroB. oneC. twoD. three37.The central element in a simple sentence, or in each clause, is the_____________.A. subjectB. finite verbC. objectD. adverbial38.The syntactic rules of any language are ___________ in number.A. infiniteB. finiteC. largeD. definite39. Which pair of antonyms differs from other pairsA. above, belowB. sell, buyC. teacher, pupilD. hot, cold40. What is the sentential relation between “He likes swimming.” and “He likes sports.”?A. PresuppositionB. EntailmentC. ContradictionD. Anomaly第⼆部分填空题（20 points）【做题要求】从下列试题中选出20个题⽬，打印时不要改变原有序号。
温州大学2022年[语言学概论]考研真题
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温州大学2022年[语言学概论]考研真题一、术语解释1.书面语2.符号3.音位4.词形变化5.屈折二、填空题1.音素之间存在着________关系和________关系。
2.[t]—[d]的区别性特征表现为________对立。
3.掌握一种语言的词，核心的问题是要把词的________和词的________联系起来。
4.词语的组合一方面要受到________的支配，另一方面要受到________的限制。
5.“人称”是与________有关的语法范畴，它表示动作行为是由谁发出的。
6.对于缺乏词的形态变化的语言来说，划分词类只能依靠语法中的________特征；如果是有形态变化的语言，划分词类只要依靠语法中的________特征就可以了。
三、单项选择题1. 下列说法，只有________正确。
A、振幅越大，声音就越弱； B、振幅越大，声音就越长；C、频率越大，声音就越低； D、频率越大，声音就越高2. 关于元音和辅音的区别的描述，________是正确的。
A、元音发音时间短暂，辅音发音时间较长。
B、辅音发音响亮，元音发音不响亮。
C、发辅音气流受阻，发元音气流不受阻。
D、元音和辅音发音器官的各个部位均衡紧张。
3. 汉语普通话音节结构________。
A、最长由三个音素组成B、最长由四个音素组成C、最长由五个音素组成D、最短由两个音素组成4. 汉语北京话中，有的人把“一般儿大”(同样大)说成“一边儿大”，这种现象在语音学上叫________。
A、同化B、异化 C、弱化D、增音5. “连老王都打了”是一个歧义结构，歧义的原因是________。
A、词汇意义不同造成歧义 B、结构关系不同造成歧义C、结构层次不同造成歧义 D、语义关系不同造成歧义6. 英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是________。
A、屈折变化 B、变换重音的位置C、变化中缀 D、异根7.以下不属于中国传统“小学”范畴的是________。
【温州大学考研专业课真题】英语语言学2012
19.Among the three levels of categories, the subordinate level categories are most culturally salient and are required to fulfill our cognitive needs the best.
第1页，共2页
1. Acoustic phonetics is the study of the perception of sounds by the human ear.
2.Morphemes such as–ing, -ed, -able,are known as inflectional morphemes.
16.Sense refers to the concrete entities with some properties, while reference refers to the abstract properties of an entity.
17.Propositional Logic treats a simple proposition as an unanalyzed whole, while Predicate Logic studies theinternal structure of simple propositions.
14.Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.
《英语语言学概论》题与答案
《英语语言学概论》题与答案ExercisesI. Multiple Choice1. _________ studies language change over time in contrast to looking at languageas it is used at a given moment.A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics2. Of all the speech organs, the _____ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3. In terms of place of articulation, the following sounds [p],[b], [m] and [w]share the feature of.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental4. A(n) ____ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collectionof distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme5. Which of the following sound description is for [d]?A. voiced labiodental fricativeB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless labiodental fricativeD. voiceless alveolar stop6. What is the phonetic feature of the sound [u]?A. close back shortB. semi-close front shortC. semi-open central shortD. open front short7. Which of the following sentences contain a derivational affix?A. The cows escaped.B. It was raining.C. Those socks are inexpensive.D. She closed the book.8. The morpheme “ed” in the word “ worked ” is kno_w_n__a_s_a.(n)A. derivational morphemeB. lexical morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. functional morpheme9. “-e”n in “ enlarge ” is a(n) ________ .A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. free rootD. bound root10. ____ is the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme11. Which of the following forms is possible word of English?A. sprokeB. bsarnC. mboodD. coofp12. Which pair of words below shows the relation of antonymy. _____A. flourish —thriveB. intelligent —stupidC. casual—informalD. flog —whip13. We call the relation between “ furniture ob”e”aansd __“__w_a_r.drA. hyponymyB. meronymyC. homophonyD. homonymy14. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to ____ .A. breakdown of conversationB. confusion of one ' s intentionC. hostility between speakers and the listenersD. conversational implicatures15. In the phrase structure rule “S——>NP VP”, the arrow can be read as ______A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates16. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ____ .A. lexicalB. morphemeC. grammaticalD. semantic17. The pair of words “ hot ” and “ cold ” are _________ .A. gradable antonymsB. relati onal antonymsC. compleme ntary antonymsD. co-hyp onyms18. Which pair of the followi ng are compleme ntary antony ms?A. alive / deadB. above / belowC. poor / richD. doctor / patie nt19. What is the relatio n betwee n the pair of senten ces:He likes seafood.He likes crabsA. synonymyB. incon siste ncyC. en tailme ntD. presuppositi on20. Which pair of the followi ng are homographs?A. piece n. / peace n.B. tear v. / tear n.C. fast adj. / fast v.D. flower n. / rose n.21. Which pair of the following are dialectal synonyms?A. lorry, truckB. kid, childC. collaborator, accompliceD. amaze, asto und22. “ Lift ” and “ elevator ” form a pairsyfnonyms.A. stylisticB. dialecticalC. collocati onalD. conno tative15. All syllables must have a _____ .A. onsetB. codaD. consonant23. ____ studies language and speech as they are used at a given moment and not in terms of how they have evolved over time.A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics24. ____ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics25. Of the following sound combination, only ____ is permissible in English.A. iblkB. ilbkC. ilkbD. blik26. Which pair of words below shows the relation of synonymy. ____A. drunk—soberB. uncle—auntC. young—oldD. casua—l informal27. The senserelationship between “ Hehas been to France ”and “ Heh as been to Europe ” is .A. hyponymyB. antonymyC. presuppositionD. entailment28. In the phrase structure rule “ NP—>(Det) N (PP)…” the arrow can be readA. is equal toB. branches intoC. transformsD. generates29. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][r][s][l][z][n] sharethe feature of _____ .A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental30. Y 's utterance in the following convetriosna violates the maxim of ___ .X: When is Susan's farewell party?Y: Sometime next month.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner31. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the _____ because this kind of speech act isidentical with the speaker 's intention.A. locutionary actB. constative actC. perlocutionary actD. illocutionary act32. We call the relation between “ vehicle ” and “ car ” as _________ .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy33. Which of the following pairs differs from the others in the sense relation? _____A. good, badB. long, shortC. big, smallD. innocent, guilty34. As far as manners of articulation are concerned, which of the following differs from theothers? __________________A. [p]B. [b]C. [t]D. [f]35. Which pair of the following belong to meronymy?A. animal, tigerB. hand, fingerC. livestock, dogD. furniture, dresser36. “-En” in “ blacken ” is__a_(n_)_._A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. free rootD. bound root37. Transformational rules do not change the basic ____ of sentences.A. formB. structureC. meaningD. sound pattern38. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to somefuture course of action are called _________ .A. commissivesB. directivesB.expressivesD. declaratives39. The illocutio nary point of the __ is to express the psychological state specifiedin the uttera nee.。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编17
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编17(总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、简答题(总题数：17，分数：44.00)1.In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?（厦门大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The inflectional language is a term as opposed to the isolated language, in which the morpheme has no inflected form; such as in Chinese, there are only isolated characters, which can not be added to with an inflectional affix. English is regarded as an inflectional language in the sense that the inflectional affixer serves important grammatical function in the English vocabulary. In English, inflectional affixes indicating tense, numbers, case and so on usually manifestate the grammatical relationships between the elements of the sentences.)解析：2.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects.（大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：New words or expressions are created through the following processes excepted compound and derivation, which are called lexical change proper. (1)Initialism Some new words are composed of the first letters of a series of words and pronounced by saying each letter in them. Words of this kind such as VIP, WTO are called initialisms. (2)Abbreviation Many English words have come into being through abbreviation. This phenomenon is also called clipping; a new can be created by: i. cutting the final part, for example, ad for advertisement. ii. cutting the initial part, for example, plane for aeroplane. iii. cutting both the initial and final parts accordingly, for instance, fridge for refrigerator. (3)Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining together the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words, for example, emotion + icon→emoticon; car + hijacking→carjac king. (4)Acronym is made up from the first letters of the name of an organization, which has heavily modified headword; an example is EU for European Union. This process is also widely used in shortening extremely long words of word groups in science, technology and other special fields, for example, SARS is short for "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome". What"s more, people also use this process in internet chatting or e-mail communication, such as BTW for "by the way" , ASAP for "as soon as possible".) 解析：解析：(本题考查特有的词汇变化。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案（10套题）
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案（10套题）有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（3）Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is Polonius?Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features.Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.42. Explain briefly the four main individual learnerfactors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basicprinciple is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It isgenerally used in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In mostpeople, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language,while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English,its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,e.g.spinle--spindle.4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, butit does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。