2016年3月职称英语培训内容
2016年中石油职称英语水平考试复习资料1-5
1。
Six Golden Rules for Meeting Managemen t主持会议六大准则1。
If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.1.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
2。
Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time，group members who show up late will realize the value of time。
Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow.2.总要准时开会。
如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。
准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。
3。
Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped。
You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record—keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well.3。
安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。
日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题,做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点.4.Learn to listen。
So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people。
2016 职称英语教材重点文章深度解析
2016 职称英语教材重点文章深度解析理工B 共共24 篇请主要关注出题概率为“高”和“中”的文章出题概率为“低”的文章做简单了解即可请主要关注出题概率为“高”和“中”的文章出题概率为“低”的文章做简单了解即可相关说明：1、本产品内容是针对2016 年全国职称英语等级考试考前复习的经典资料。
2、从2016 年教材中精选了24 篇文章进行深入分析。
所选文章在考试中出题的概率较大（正常情况下会有2-4 篇原文，但题型会变）。
3、每篇文章均按段落以中文形式给出了考点分析。
用途：本资料旨在帮助考生快速掌握文章的大意和核心考点，考试时，如果考到原文，可以凭借对文章和考点分析的印象快速作答题目，即便更换了题型也可以更容易应对。
其实，职称英语考试所选文章如果翻译成中文，其难度大多只相当于小学水平。
因此，掌握了文章大意和考点，考试时只需要看懂题目和选项，拿到分数并不难。
第2 页/共52 页理工B 文章出处：阅读判断第六篇本文出题可能性：中Microchip Research Center Created 微芯片研究中心成立A research center has been set upin this Far Eastern country to develop advanced microchip productiontechnology.The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop itschip industry without alwaysdepending on imported technology.为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。
【深度考点分析】这段内容主要是在说一个远东国家耗资多少建立研究微芯片的研究中心，考点如下：1、这个远东国家耗资多少建立研究中心：一千四百万美元。
2016全国职称英语综合c类教材word版
Taking Pictures of the WorldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978, and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact,Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn't seen yet.Belt's photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan , as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently, her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. " The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people's lives," she has said. "The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by how quickly people welcome me ! "Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greeting and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people don't speak the same language , a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example , Belt has traveled with her two children , so when she takes pictures of children or their parents, they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that can't afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If you're a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.Remember, the next time you look as a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don't be afraid to break the ice. the connection you make could be very rewarding.1.Belt has never traveled to England (wrong)2.Belt has never traveled to Antarctica （Right）3.Belt has worked for a number of magazines. (Not mentioned)4.petra is a very old city in Jordan (Right)5.Belt can only connect with English-speakers (Wrong)6.Peopie can connect with each other in bad weather (Right)7.V oiunteering is one way to begin a photography career. (Right)第二篇"Own" Your Children's Education"Helping them isn't about showing your kids how to do the work．It's about being genuinely interested and having regular conversations about what they're learning,''says J．Gary Knowles，a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education，part of the University of Toronto．Rozon has a slew of suggestions for how to get more,-involved．"Get to know the teacher．Discuss ways to tailor the assignments to your child's learning style．Spend time in the classroom．Ask for outlines of unit studies so you can find supplementary materials at the library or through videos．Read your child's textbooks：If you work a few pages ahead，you'll be able to help them with problems they encounter．''Reading is another must，says Rozon．"Even after your children can read themselves，hearing somebody else read aloud is important．We nearly always have a book on the go1; we read for at least a half hour before bedtime．The more engaged a parent is, the more the child benefits，adds Bruce Ami．"The evidence is clear：Parental involvement is One of the most important factors in school success．Arai cites the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth，sponsored by Human Resources Development Canada(HRDC)，which is measuring all aspects of child development．"The hours children spend in class are but2 one element of their education''，states HDC，which says parental support，along with teacher support and a positive attitude towards school．all contribute to academic success．"I see every moment of every day as a learning experience．" says Goforth．"The most satisfying part of it is seeing the，love of learning continued．I'm not squelching my children's desire to learn by insisting they learn．They learn because they want to．"Adds Jeanne Lambert，mother of Carey Graham: "Make the time3，take the time4，guide，lead，and encourage．If nothing else，your children learn you care，and that's the most important lesson you can give them．"1.According to the passage ,parents should help their children with their homework. (Not mentioned)2.You should read your child,s testbooks so that you can teach them. (Wrong)3.Childeren shiuld always take a book with them on the way back from school and read it aloud. (Notmentioned)4.If parents show a lot of interest in their children’s study ,the children will do better at school .(Right)5.It is very important that you let your children know you feel love and concern for them .(Right)6.Parents must observe classes regularly (Not mentioned )ernmental support also plsys a role in academic success. (Not mentioned)’第三篇Across the DesertsThe Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water. The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower. 穿越沙漠1.Its第四篇SmokingSince 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.第五篇Plants and MankindBotany（植物学）, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of ―knowledge‖ at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.第三部分概括大意与完成句子第一篇The Making of a Success Story1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs . Born in Sweden in 1926 , Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child , he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches ,seeds ,and pencils in his community .When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades .Naturally he used it to start up a business-IKEA.2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.)and the place where he grew up (`E` and `A`). Today IKEA is known for its modern , minimalist furniture , but it was not a furniture company in the beginning .Rather, IKEA sold all kind of miscellaneous goods ,Kamprad's ware included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices ,including watches ,pens and stockings .3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging , so Kamprad expanded the product line . Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.4 In 1953 IKEA opend its first showroom in Almhult ,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings ,but in the early 1950s ,people ordered from catalogues ,Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming:people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it . This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive .By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture .5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport . Kamprad was inspired .The man had given him a great idea :flat packaging . Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers .IKEA tried it and sales soared . The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves ,but over time ,evem this grew into an advantage for IKEA . Nowadays ,IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency .This image has done wonders for the company ,leading to better sales and continued expansion.6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries .Amazingly ,Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-help company .In 2004 he was named the world's richest man , He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself , though ,just keeps on growing.译文：发迹史宜家（IKEA)是世界上最大的家具零售商。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记_第1-10课
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2)2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013新增)【2013阅读题】 (4)3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的 (8)4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013新增) (11)5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料 (16)6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版新增) (19)7. OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (23)8. THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (26)9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (30)10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (34)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】 a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management【管理，regulation】.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
职称英语(卫生类)辅导讲义(五)
职称英语（卫生类）辅导讲义（五）词汇学习5一、语法：补全短文也是让考生觉得比较难的一部分试题。
除了考查把握文章结构、理解作者思路的能力、分析判断和阅读理解能力之外，还同时对基础知识的句法和词汇进行考查。
所以，我们要把握文章结构，理清逻辑关系、搞懂文章的脉络，熟练运用衔接手段补全短文。
补全短文分为三种类型：1.在句首：考查对主旨大意的掌握程度。
2.在句中：考查对上下文关系的理解力。
3.在句尾：考查对文章大意的概括能力。
二、解题思路：掌握大意--找关键词--定位答案--衔接句意三、实际操练：词汇学习5 (32)阅读判断第四篇Easy Learning (61)阅读判断第五篇Dangers Await Babies withAltitude (63)+ 概括大意与完成句子第十四篇A Baby'sGrowth (112)请看教材第33页词汇五1.All living organisms, regardless of （不论，不顾）their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.a. as a result ofb. consideringc. on purposed. whatever2.The most pressing （紧迫的，有压力的）problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.a. puzzlingb. difficultc. terrifyingd. urgent3.The Klondike was the scene（事件发生的地点）of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.a. locationb. viewc. event4.Of the reptile groups, the snake group was the final （最后的）one to appear.a. lastb. bestc. ugliestd. longest5.Colleges and universities usually give diplomas or certificates to students who complete course requirements satisfactorily.（令人满意地，可以接受地）a. responsiblyb. acceptablyc. patientlyd. respectfully6.A will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased are realized.（实现，完成）a. fulfilledb. affiliatedc. advocatedd. received7.She has been the subject of massive （大规模的，大量的）media coverage.b. negativec. responsived. explosive8.The conference explored （调查，勘探）the possibility of closer trade links.a.rejectedb. investigatedc. proposedd. postponed+9. Experts generally agree that diet has an important bearing on（相关，有影响）one's health.a. resultb. factorc. caused. influence+10. I expect that she will be able to cater for （满足需要）your particular needs.a. meetb. reachc. provided. fill+11. John is collaborating with（合作，勾结）Mary in writing a book.a. cooperatingb mergingc. combiningd. associating+12. Mary lost control of her car and collided with （碰撞）a tree.a. came acrossb. ran intoc. metd. knocked+ 13. Mary was compelled （迫使）to take in washing to help support her family.a. pleadedb. appealedc. forcedd. instructed+14. The child couldn't comprehend （理解）the advanced textbook.a. interpretb. readc. understandd. translate+15. I warned him to keep the matter confidential.（机密的，秘密的）a. privateb. safec. personald. secret家庭作业：马上再看一遍，及时掌握、巩固所学词汇并理解句意。
2016年职称英语等级考试教材词汇(综合、卫生、理工通用版)
词汇学习1：1.Will you please call my husband as soon as possible?A contactB consultC phoneD visit2.We’ll give every teacher space to develop.A chanceB employmentC roomD opportunity3.I have to go at once.A soonB immediatelyC nowD early4.The policeman asked him to identify the thief.A nameB distinguishC captureD separate5.We were all there when the accident occurred.A happenedB brokeC spreadD appeared6.It took me exactly a week to complete the work.A doB achieveC improveD finish7.The herb medicine eventually cured her disease.A nicelyB apparentlyC finallyD naturally8.We had a long conversation about her parents.A talkB speechC debateD discussion9.Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting.A go toB prepare forC speak toD do to10.He have made up his mind to give up smoking.A triedB attemptedC agreedD decided11.Your teacher will take your illness into account when marking your exams.A calculationB computationC considerationD assessment12.We have to put up with her behavior.A tolerateB acceptC swallowD take13.They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning.A endedB abandonedC builtD strengthen14.I seldom watch TV.A rarelyB frequentlyC normallyD occasionally15.The dentist has decided to take out the girl’s bad tooth.A digB drawC pullD extract词汇学习2：1. America’s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.A encouragedB endangeredC endorsedD enlarged*2. Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War.A baggageB orphanageC reportageD usage3.Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark.A inadequatelyB hardlyC faintlyD sufficiently*4. “I’m not meddling,” Mary said mildly. “I’m just curious.”A gentlyB shylyC weaklyD sweetly5.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A strangeB certainC inconsistentD proper6.Many of novelist Carson McCullers’ characters are isolated, disappointed people.A solitaryB gloomyC feebleD frugal7.The workers finally called off the strike.A put offB endedC canceledD participated in8.John ha made up his mind not to go to the meeting.A wantedB promisedC decidedD agreed9.I catch cold now and then.A alwaysB occasionallyC constantlyD regularly10.He often finds fault with my work.A criticizesB praisesC evaluatesD talks about11. The little girl grasped her mother’s arm as she crossed the street.A understoodB had a hold overC took hold ofD left hold of12. In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.A thoughtB mindC accountD memory*13. I can no longer tolerate his actions.A put up withB acceptC takeD suffer from14.The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.A leftB given upC turned downD refused15.Have you talked to her lately?A lastlyB shortlyC recentlyD immediately词汇学习3：·1. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A expressiveB physicalC exaggeratedD dubious+2. Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.A convertB storeC utilizeD receive3.Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors,A managersB occupantsC landlordsD caretakers*4. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A continuouslyB quicklyC excessivelyD exceptionally*5. Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.A disruptB diagnoseC evaporateD cure·6. John Hanson helped draft instructions for Maryland’s delegates to the Stamp Act Congress.A clarifyB formulateC reviseD contribute7. Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes.A SimultaneouslyB AlmostC AbsolutelyD Basically8.Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state.A regularlyB accidentallyC sometimesD successfully9.When doves are about two weeks old, they are covered with grey feathers and are ready to try their wings.A growB wrapC hideD test10.I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car.A normallyB seldomC continuouslyD usually*l l. When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted.A willinglyB suddenlyC firmlyD quickly·12. The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A take outB repairC pullD dig13.You must shine your shoes.A lightenB cleanC washD polish*14. The majority of people around here are decent people.A honestB richC good-lookingD high-ranking·15. A deadly disease has affected these animals.A contagiousB seriousC fatalD worrying词汇学习4：1.Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality.A demandB rely onC prepare forD create2. Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.A slightB surprisingC suddenD harmful3.Cement was seldom used in building, during the Middle Ages.A crudelyB rarelyC originallyD symbolically4.Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour.A velocitiesB impulsesC ratiosD atrocities5.The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician.A doctorB professorC physicistD resident6.Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized brunches.A conventionallyB obviouslyC especiallyD inevitably7.We shall take the treasure away to a safe place.A cleanB prettyC distantD secure8. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State.A a unityB a divisionC an embassyD an invasion*9. The child’s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.A hadB frighteningC repeatedD unusual+10. There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.A a steadyB a plentifulC an extraD a meager+11. In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.A step upB decreaseC stopD control+12. Gas does accumulate in the mines around here.A increaseB spreadC collectD grow13. Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.A assignB persuadeC askD order*14. Her behavior is extremely childish.A simpleB immatureC beautifulD foolish+15. We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land.A hairlessB bareC emptyD bald词汇学习5：1. They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years.A dreadfulB badC unpleasantD poor2. I wasn’t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow.A besidesB anywayC wellD anymore3. He achieved success through hard work.A reachedB reapedC attainedD took4. The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes’ capabilities now.A capacitiesB strengthsC possibilitiesD abilities5. The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy’s coast.A togetherB in successionC in allianceD in connection6. His claims seem credible to many people.A workableB convincingC practicalD reliable7. Jack is a diligent worker.A ambitiousB lazyC hardworkingD clever8. Society is now much more diverse than ever before.A colorfulB attractiveC flexibleD varied+9. Their interpretation was faulty.A wrongB ambiguousC unclearD unbelievable+10. These old buildings are gorgeous.A ridiculousB lovelyC magnificentD peculiar11.Contact your doctor if the cough persists.A insistsB perseveresC continuesD resists12.The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing.A fightB abolishC removeD control+13. They scattered after dinner.A separatedB fledC departedD spread+14. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous.A positionB point of viewC knowledgeD opinion+15. The story was touching.A inspiringB boringC movingD frightening词汇学习6：*1. With immense relief, I stopped running.A muchB enormousC littleD extensive·2. The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data.A build upB put upC make upD dear up·3. When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane.A skippedB passedC reachedD led*4. Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possibleB profitableC easyD wise*5. Data from Voyager Ⅱhave presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists.A problemB mysteryC questionD point*6. He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.A spreadB openC showD examine*7. Why can’t you stop your eternal complaining!A everlastingB longC monotonousD lengthy+8. This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A describesB drawsC writesD introduces+9. The telephone system is no longer operative.A runningB movingC rotatingD working+10. Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shakenB fallenC damagedD trembled+11. The latest car model embodies many new improvements.A consists ofB includesC makes upD marks+12. Thick clouds obscured the stars from view.A darkenedB heldC blackenedD prevent+13. The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street.A disallowB reduceC preventD confine+14. The discovery was sensational.A sexyB surprisingC exceptionalD exciting+15. After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour.A walkB restC bathD breath词汇学习7：1.Loud noises can be annoying.A hatefulB painfulC horrifyingD irritating·2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.A sufficientlyB noticeablyC intentionallyD absolutely*3. The Constitution’s vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.A impreciseB conciseC unpolishedD elementary4. The expedition reached the summit at 10: 30 that morning.A top of the mountainB bottom of the mountainC starting pointD site+5. The latest census is encouraging.A countB statementC agreementD estimate+6. Acad emic records from other institutions often become part of a university’s official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated.A borrowedB purchasedC copiedD rewritten7.While serving in the Senate in the early 1970’s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems.A listB forbidC handleD investigate*8. Gambling is lawful in Nevada.A legalB irresistibleC enjoyableD profitable*9. They always mock me because I am ugly.A smile atB look down onC belittleD laugh at*10. These are our motives for doing it.A reasonsB argumentsC targetsD stimuli*11. It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area.A noticeablyB remarkablyC particularlyD significantly*12. His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married.A forgottenB failedC deletedD left out+13. Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment.A acceptableB conservativeC westernD conventional+14. Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous.A unheard ofB unacceptableC unbelievableD ridiculous15.Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.A frightenedB killedC endangeredD rescued词汇学习8：+1. Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960.A publishedB challengedC acclaimedD guided2.He was one of the principal organizers of the association.A plannersB employeesC actorsD recipients+3. It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations.A challengedB assumedC deductedD decreed+4. This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur.A drying upB dying outC being exportedD being transplanted+5. The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A slowB noisyC suddenD jumpy+6. During the Second World War, all important resources in the U. S. were allocated by the federal government.A nationalizedB commandeeredC taxedD distributed*7. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.A very strongB very longC very greatD very fast*8. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A elegantlyB genuinelyC intentionallyD thoroughly+9. The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase.A encouragedB enforcedC expectedD entitled10. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to EuropeanA stated firmlyB argued light-mindedlyC thought seriouslyD announced regrettably11. Smoking is not permitted in the office.A probableB possibleC admittedD allowed12. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.A statedB declaredC suggestedD announced13. I feel regret about what’s happened.A sorryB disappointedC shamefulD disheartened14. She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.A lived onB depended onC lived offD believed in15. John removed his overcoat.A took AwayB left asideC took offD washed off词汇学习9：1. Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movementto provide an improved learning environment for children.A an easyB a playfulC an openD a better2.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.A beatsB matchesC maintainsD announces3. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.A demandedB elicitedC extractedD defied*4. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as Al Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.A violent criminalsB politiciansC musiciansD industrialists5.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as n rigid framework to which the cables are attached.A boundaryB skeletonC enclosureD material*6. The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.A protectionB indicationC immunityD danger*7. Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A errorB functionC attractionD miracle*8. The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely.A compactlyB inexpensivelyC quicklyD carefully9. The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by cornets.A intriguedB infectedC inconveniencedD inclined+10. In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, a nd probed psychological problems.A solvedB exploredC involvedD disputed11. They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.A solveB determineC untieD complete+12. The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.A weptB criedC ranD shook13. We were shocked to find that Mary didn’t know her guest’s name.A frustratedB disturbedC relievedD surprised+14. We have got to abide by the rules.A stick toB persist inC safeguardD apply+15. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.A extendsB stretchesC broadensD traverses词汇学习10：+1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.A unforgettableB unbelievableC unfairD unthinkable2.The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.A difficultB worriedC anxiousD unhappy3.It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.A pulled downB rebuiltC renovatedD whitewashed4.The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster.A delayedB quickC positiveD unfavorable5.He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.A long and detailedB short and clearC comprehensiveD professional6.The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.A efficientB respectableC well-informedD respectful7.The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.A simply uselessB really practicalC every littleD extremely useful8.The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.A reasonableB sensibleC crazyD unbelievable9.In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue.A extremely thoroughB long and boringC superficialD unconvincing +10. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious.A effectiveB cleverC implausibleD original+11. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.A competitiveB diligentC qualifiedD competent+12. He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.A hot-temperedB healthyC friendlyD patient13.Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.A adhered toB abandonedC appliedD adopted14.Examination papers of the class were marked without bias.A immediatelyB correctlyC fairlyD carefully15.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.A resumedB put an end toC suspendedD re-scheduled。
2016年职称英语考试考试须知
2016年职称英语考试考试须知考试介绍职称英语是全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试的一种，人事部组织全国统一标准的职称外语考试，采取统一大纲、闭卷笔试的形式进行。
考试分为分为A、B、C三个等级。
职称英语就是这样一项国家级外语考试，它规定范围、限定报名条件、确定考试时间和评价目标，最后对考试合格者颁发合格证书。
考试时间考试科目考试时间英语每个语种分为A、B、C三个等级）预计3月26日上午09:00-11:00等级划分考试按职称的系列、级别分为A、B、C三个等级，专业人员按规定的级别任选一个语种参加考试。
其中英语又按照专业不同分为分英语综合、英语理工、英语卫生三个类别。
考试主要测试专业技术人员阅读理解外文专业基础文献的能力。
报考人员可根据评审要求及自己所从事的专业工作，选择一个语种及有关类别参加考试。
考试合格由市职改办颁发人事部统一印制的《职称外语等级考试合格证书》，在全国范围有效。
综合类，理工类，卫生类考试原则上没有严格的界限。
综合类文章可以考到理工类去，理工类可以考到卫生类和综合类。
三类考试之间没有严格界限区分。
国家在每位考生评定职称的时候，到底要求是理工类成绩，卫生类成绩，基本上国家还没有明确规定。
假如你评定主任医师，卫生类职称，你可以考综合类，也可以考卫生类。
严格意义上没有很严格的要求。
到底决定报综合类，理工类，还是卫生类，有两个依据。
首先问一下自己单位的人，要定职称要报什么类比较合适。
如果单位没有明确要求和规定的话，可以根据自己的现实情况选择，如果工作中接触的文章都是理工类的文章，那就报理工类。
假如接触的文章是社会类文章，那就报综合类。
(一)A级1、高教、科研、卫生、工程、农业系统列申报高级;2、申请报高级国际商务师;3、其它系列申报正高级；(二)B级考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：1、工程、农业、卫生系列的县属(含县)以下单位工作人员申报高级;2、高教、科研、卫生、工程、农业系列申报中级;3、翻译系列申报高级第二外语;4、高级未分正副的系列(不含工程系列)审报高级;其它系列申报副高级;(三)C级1、除翻译系列外，申报高级第二外语;2、翻译系列申报中级第二外语;3、工程、农业、卫生系列在县属(含县)以下单位工作人员申报中级;4、其它系列申报中级;具体如下表所示:考试级别A级B级C级申报职称职称系列高校教师教授、副教授讲师自然科学研究与社会科学研究研究员、副研究员助理研究员社会科学研究（研究员、副研究员第二外语）卫生技术（医、药、护、技）主任医(药、护、技)师副主任医(药、护、技)师⑴主治(管)医(药、护、技)师⑵在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报正、副主任医（药、护、技）师在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报主治（管）医（药、护、技）师工程技术高级工程师（含教授级高级工程师）⑴工程师⑵在县属单位工作的人员申报高级工程师（含教授级高级工程师）在县属单位工作的人员申报工程师农业技术农业技术推广研究员高级农艺师农艺师实验技术高级实验师实验师中学教师中学高级教师中等专业学校教师高级讲师讲师技工学校教师高级讲师（高级实习指导教师）讲师经济专业高级国际商务师高级经济师国际商务师经济师助理国际商务师会计专业高级会计师会计师统计专业高级统计师审计师审计专业高级审计师审计师体育教练员国家级教练高级教练一级教练播音专业播音指导主任播音员一级播音员新闻专业高级记者(高级编辑) 主任记者(主任编辑）记者（编辑）艺术（广播电视艺术）艺术一级艺术二级、主任舞台技师艺术三级、舞台技师出版专业编审副编审编辑（一级校对）文博专业、图书资料专业、档案专业研究馆员副研究馆员馆员公证员一级公证员二级公证员三级公证员律师一级律师二级律师三级律师考试要求为达到评价目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求：（一）词汇量考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。
职称英语培训教程
考试介绍
职称英语等级考试的题型、题量和计分 职称英语等级考试C级共有四种题型：词汇、阅读理解、完成句子、 选择填空。其中，词汇有20道小题，计20分；阅读理解15道小题，计 45分，完成句子5小题，计15分；选择填空20道小题，计20分。总题 量为60小题满分为100分。其中，词汇、阅读理解和选择填空为客观 题，即要求考生从所给的选项中选择一个最佳答案。完成句子则要求 考生根据短文的内容，在所给提供的几个句子的空白处填写一个单词， 属于主观题。 B级和A级考试也各有四种题型：词汇、阅读理解、概 括大意和完型填空。其中词汇有20道小题，计20分；阅读理解25道小 题，计50分；概括大意5小题，计10分；完型填空10道小题，计20分。 总题量为60小题，满分为100分。同C级一样，词汇、阅读理解均为客 观题，概括大意及完型为主观题。 A级和B级题型、题量完全一样，不同之处在于A级的要求高一些。这 主要体现在：第一，阅读的总量要比B级大一些；第二，题目的难度 要比B级高一些。
应试技巧
3）研读法。所谓研读就是仔细地阅读。英文叫 study reading。力求对文章的某一特定的部分 具有比较透彻的理解。在所要查找的内容需要 理解其深层的意义，需要对此进行分析、归纳、 判断或推理时，就需要采用研读的方法。在研 读的过程中，如果碰到不熟悉的词，可以通过 上下文，根据有关背景知识以及构词法猜测生 词的大意。如果碰到长句或难句，要注意利用 自己所具有的英语语法知识分析句子的主语、 谓语、宾语、状语、定语等语法万分，并搞清 句子成分之间的修饰与被修饰关系，从而准确 地把握句子的含义。
音标读音规则
• （2）／m／／n／／N／／l／／j／／w／ 记 成：三个鼻音，一个边音（l），两个半元 音（／j／、／w／）分类三：（1）清辅音： ／p／、／t／、／k／、／f／、／F／、／s ／、／W／、／tF／、／ts／、／tr／，再 加上／r／、／h／12个。（2）浊辅音：／b ／、／d／、／g／、／v／、／V／、／z／、 ／T／、／dV／、／dz／、／dr／再加
16年职称英语复习要点
2016年职称英语复习要点2016年职称英语复习要点一、语法词汇addict: v. 使沉溺于(addict oneself to( = be addicted to) 沉溺于，热中于) in addition/加上, 又, 另外;in addition to/加上, 除...外; additional adj.附加的, 另外的; 补充的address n.收信(件)人的住址v. 对...讲演或发表演说; (address a meeting 向大会致辞) adequate adj. 足够的,恰当的,胜任的(be adequate for..胜任…)(adequate – enough –sufficient足够的) adjust v. 调整;调节; 使适应(adjust oneself to sth./ 使自己适应..) admire v. 赞美;赞赏;(admire sb. for sth./因…而钦佩某人) admit v. 让...进入, 使获得(某种地位或特权), 承认(事实、错误等) (admit sb. into the university/获准入大学; admit sb. to hospital/把某人收治入院); adopt v. 采用, 采纳(adopt –take采用) adult n.成年人(adult –grown-up成年人) advance v./n. 提高(物价等), 增加(数量、价钱等), 提前, 加速, 拨快(时针) (in advance/ 预先)(advance-increase增加(数量、价钱等) ) advantage n. 优势, 长处, 利益, 便利(take advantage of/ 利用，欺骗) (advantage - merit优点) adventure n. 冒险, 惊险活动advertisement n. 广告(= ad.) advice n. 劝告, 忠告(a piece of advice/ 一条意见; give advice /提出忠告; take/follow one’s advice /接受忠告) advise v. 建议, 提意见, 通知( advise sb. to do sth./ 劝某人做某事，advise sb. that../通知某人某事= inform sb. that…) (B级)advisable adj. 明智的，可取的(advisable –sensible --wise明智的) affair n. 事情[件], [常用复] 事务, 事态(affairs of state/ 国务; foreign affairs /外交事务) affect v. 影响, 对...起作用[反应], 感动, 患(病) (affect – influence –have a bearing on影响) afford v.[常与can, could, be able to 连用] 担负得起费用(损失、后果等)( can’t afford to buy sth./ 买不起...) afraid adj. [常作表语] 怕, 害怕, [口]恐怕( be afraid of/害怕, 担心; I’m afraid/[口]大概, 恐怕, 担心) (afraid --fearful) Africa n. 非洲after prep. 在…以后，adv. 以后，后来conj, 在…以后again adv. 再一次，又一次again and again再三地，反复地against: prep. 反对，敌对，逆, 碰，触, 以…为背景(be against/反对) age n. 年龄v. 变老(at the age of…/ 时年..岁; be of age(= come of age/)成年; ago adv. 以前，以往(long long ago很久很久以前, two days ago/两天前); agree v. 一致, 相合, 同意(ag ree on…/对…意见一致; agree with sb. /同意某人的话; agree to do sth. 同意做… ); agreement n. 一致, 同意, 协议(in agreement with .../ 和..一致); agriculture n.农业ahead adv.在前, 向前, 提前( ahead of…/在…之前;超过);aid v. 帮助, 援助n. 帮助, 支援(aid sb. in sth./ 帮助某人做。
职称英语考试经典培训教程 必过教程
提职晋级是大家多年来梦寐以求的愿望，通过职称英语考试有时提职晋级的必经之路。
我将凭借我三十多年来从事研究生、博士生教学的实践经验，以及大量著作和经常参加全国各类大型考试出题的实践经验，尤其是职称英语考试，从最一开始（90年）我便参与了调研，试点和培训工作，直到由北京市人事局统管全市职称英语考试至96年，共七年。
紧接着又从96年直至今年由国家人事部统管全国职称英语考试，又进行了十四年。
在长达二十一年的职称英语考试的培训与潜心研究中，我总结出一整套独特的应试方法和技巧，即使英语基础再薄弱，也能够顺利通过职称一年关于考试。
第一部分词汇选项1.利用三到五分钟，快速拿到13分左右。
2.掌握好查字典的方法，拿下剩余分数。
2. We’ll give every teacher space to develop.A. chanceB. employmentC. roomD. opportunity3. I have to go at once.A. soonB. immediatelyC. nowD. early第二部分阅读判断要掌握一套做该题的技巧和方法。
2. Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. American people will elect a woman president of the United States in 2008.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. One of Hillary’s campaign promises is to reform the nation’s health care system.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Germans elected a woman chancellor last year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Hillary has already raised a large amount of campaign fund.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Chris Dildy will vote for Hillary.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分概括大意与完成句子要各掌握一套答题方法和技巧。
2016年全国职称英语考试复习资料
2016年全国职称英语考试复习资料职称英语等级考试及解题方法序言1．概述全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
该考试根据专业技术人员使用英语的实际情况，把考试的重点放在了阅读理解上面。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类。
每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。
每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50％。
三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。
2．职称英语等级考试的要求全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。
考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在两小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在两小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C级的人员在两小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、英语语法知识和阅读理解能力的要求分别如下：词汇量考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。
对申报不同级别的应试者要求掌握的词汇量不等：● 申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；● 申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；● 申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。
需要指出的是，职称英语等级考试所涉及的词汇、短语主要根据本考试大纲所附的词汇表，在实际考试中，凡是超出大纲词汇表以外的词汇一般都给出中文意思。
第一部分2015年度全国职称英语等级考试试题、答案综合类试卷及答案综合类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
职称英语面授讲义
2012年王霞英语团队职称英语面授课程目录1 考试应试指导 (1)1.1答题顺序及时间分配 (2)1.2 职称英语核心语法知识 (3)2. 职称英语六大题型出题特点，复习重点及答题技巧 (7)2.1词汇选项 (11)2.2阅读理解 (25)2.3完型填空 (61)2.4补全短文 (63)2.5概括大意与完成句子 (74)2.6阅读判断 (83)1 / 2008.-ee 名词后缀，表示“被---的人”，是er反义后缀9.-eer 名词后缀，表示“…人员”10.-er、-or、-ar、-eer、-ier、-ster、-ator（1）名词后缀，表示“…人”（2）名词后缀，表示“物品，工具”11.-ess 名词后缀，表示“女性，雌性”12 -hood 名词后缀，表示“时期，性质等”13.-ics 名词后缀，表示“学科，学术”14.-ing（1）名词后缀，表示“状态”（2）名词后缀，表示“行业”15.-ion名词后缀，表示“动作、状态或物品”16.-ism、-asm名词后缀（1）表示“各种主义，宗教”2表示“学术或学术流派”（3）表示“行为，现象，状态”（4）表示“疾病”(（5）).表示“具备某种性质”17.-ist名词后缀，表示“人”18.-itude 表名词，“性质，状态等”19.-ment名词后缀，表示“行为、结果或事物”20.-ness 名词后缀，表示“性质，状态，”通常加在形容词后面21.-ship名词后缀，表示“某种关系或状态”、“某种技能”22.-ty、-ity、-ety 名词后缀，表示“具备---性质”23.-ure名词后缀，表示“一般状态，行为24.-ivity 名词后缀，表示“有…能力或特性”5 / 20025.-ability 名词后缀，表示“能…，性质”例题1（用名词定位相关句）：（2011年综合A/综合B考题）A. A good leader needs a variety of qualities.B. These techniques are used to train leaders.C. Training can make good leaders.D. Most of good leader are natural-born.√E. It’ s important to have a good leader.24. Paragraph 2__________.2. In almost every situation where you‘re in a group，you will needa skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and other disappears. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.6 / 200Mind Readingame, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel the first visual distionary of the human heart. Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expressions of emotions were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. _________(47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions. The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion" _________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from"afraid" to "wanting".9 / 200 Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face. " It was really clear when the actors had got it right," says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD." Although they were given some direstion," says Ms Collis, " the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. " _________(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down. Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called " action units". These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekmen has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion. A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture .10 / 200 B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective.C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions.D. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.E. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" "he looks" or"she sounds".F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this.11 / 200 40 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage? A The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself. B An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response. C One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic （过敏原的）response.D The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.分析：The immune system is equal in complexity（n.复杂）to the combined intricacies(n. 复杂) of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory（adj.调整的）communication network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive(蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that25 / 200produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-omitting. At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders (入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to "remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗体)passed during lactation(授乳期), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物) in which we live, learning necessitates26 / 200producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader. Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen (抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (过敏原)，which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes (抗原表位), which protrude (突出) from its surface. Most antigens（过敏原）, even the simplest microbes（微生物）, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes(抗原表位) will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the27 / 200 The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will bedistinguished by the ability to learn. Second generation robots are programd with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide "pleasure" and "pain" stimuli. For example, a collision provokes a negative response, a completed task would be positive. Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task, it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment, it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or-another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the first time, we have here a robot that can think. By the time we get to generation four in 2040, Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behavior; generalize abstract ideas from specific experience; and, conversely, compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as 'earn a living' or 'make more robots'. The Moravec manifesto (宣告) runs something like this. Asrobots start to become useful in generation one, they'll begin to take29 / 200圈完线索词，接着文章扫（视）一遍（建议先从上一道题的相关句位置开始往下找线索词），文章中寻找线索词，利用线索词确定相关段，线索词集中出现段就是相关段，识别相关段再识关键相关句，关键相关句常是定位线索词集中出现句，（提示：解题关键相关句判断标准：1. 定位线索词集中出现的语句往往是解题关键句；2. （优先考虑原则）既含有题干中定位线索词又含有被选项中定位线索词的句子应优先被认为是解题关键句）找到关键句，句中词语作比较（与被选项用词比较），有时就直接出答案；如果需要读句子（读相关句）也要先判断阅读的重点：定位线索词在哪里集中出现，哪里就是阅读的重点，读完关键相关句就能出答案。
职称英语考试经典培训教程 必过教程
提职晋级是大家多年来梦寐以求的愿望，通过职称英语考试有时提职晋级的必经之路。
我将凭借我三十多年来从事研究生、博士生教学的实践经验，以及大量著作和经常参加全国各类大型考试出题的实践经验，尤其是职称英语考试，从最一开始（90年）我便参与了调研，试点和培训工作，直到由北京市人事局统管全市职称英语考试至96年，共七年。
紧接着又从96年直至今年由国家人事部统管全国职称英语考试，又进行了十四年。
在长达二十一年的职称英语考试的培训与潜心研究中，我总结出一整套独特的应试方法和技巧，即使英语基础再薄弱，也能够顺利通过职称一年关于考试。
下面就以职称英语的六个考项，逐项简介确保必拿最低分数的技巧和方法，以便使大家树立坚定信念：在考前就已确定必过无疑。
第一部分词汇选项★共15分，确保15分全部拿到1.利用三到五分钟，快速拿到13分左右。
2.掌握好查字典的方法，拿下剩余分数。
2. We’ll give every teacher space to develop.A. chanceB. employmentC. roomD. opportunity3. I have to go at once.A. soonB. immediatelyC. nowD. early第二部分阅读判断★共7分，确保至少难道4分。
要掌握一套做该题的技巧和方法。
2. Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. American people will elect a woman president of the United States in 2008.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. One of Hillary’s campaign promises is to reform the nation’s health care system.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Germans elected a woman chancellor last year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Hillary has already raised a large amount of campaign fund.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Chris Dildy will vote for Hillary.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分 概括大意与完成句子★共8分，确保至少拿到5分。
学派网2016职称英语零基础课程
江西省南昌市2015-2016学年度第一学期期末试卷（江西师大附中使用）高三理科数学分析一、整体解读试卷紧扣教材和考试说明，从考生熟悉的基础知识入手，多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力，立足基础，先易后难，难易适中，强调应用，不偏不怪，达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。
试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内，几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容，体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。
1．回归教材，注重基础试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则，尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及，其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景，把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中，使学生感受到了数学的育才价值，所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际，操作性强。
2．适当设置题目难度与区分度选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题，都是综合性问题，难度较大，学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及扎实深厚的数学基本功，而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法，否则在有限的时间内，很难完成。
3．布局合理，考查全面，着重数学方法和数学思想的考察在选择题，填空题，解答题和三选一问题中，试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。
包括函数，三角函数，数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。
这些问题都是以知识为载体，立意于能力，让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。
二、亮点试题分析1．【试卷原题】11.已知,,A B C 是单位圆上互不相同的三点，且满足AB AC →→=，则AB AC →→⋅的最小值为（ ）A ．14-B ．12-C ．34-D ．1-【考查方向】本题主要考查了平面向量的线性运算及向量的数量积等知识，是向量与三角的典型综合题。
解法较多，属于较难题，得分率较低。
【易错点】1．不能正确用OA ，OB ，OC 表示其它向量。
2．找不出OB 与OA 的夹角和OB 与OC 的夹角的倍数关系。
2016年全国职称英语考试复习资料
2016年全国职称英语考试复习资料2016年全国职称英语考试复习资料职称英语等级考试及解题方法序言1．概述全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
该考试根据专业技术人员使用英语的实际情况，把考试的重点放在了阅读理解上面。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类。
每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。
每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50％。
三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。
2．职称英语等级考试的要求全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。
考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在两小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在两小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C级的人员在两小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、英语语法知识和阅读理解能力的要求分别如下：词汇量考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。
对申报不同级别的应试者要求掌握的词汇量不等：● 申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；● 申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；● 申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。
需要指出的是，职称英语等级考试所涉及的词汇、短语主要根据本考试大纲所附的词汇表，在实际考试中，凡是超出大纲词汇表以外的词汇一般都给出中文意思。
第一部分2015年度全国职称英语等级考试试题、答案综合类试卷及答案综合类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
【免费】全国职称英语考试技巧培训教程
全国职称英语考试技巧培训教程（八）补全短文补充口诀：补全短文主要考点：上下文之间的特殊意义关系转折关系，因果关系，并列关系，综述与分述，观点与举例，对比关系（转折关系）however，but, yetand, also, too, as well, besides, in addition(因果关系)this is because...， therefore, thus, hence(观点与举例)for example, for instance,数字（对比关系）now/currently/ at present...in the past, agosome (people)... others ...some(people)...most(people)课堂练习：第5部分：补全短文（选自2008/A）What’s Lacking in 'Sicko'?When it comes to economic decisions, there are always trade-offs （取舍）. Gain one thing and you lose something else. _✰__（46）The central argument of Michael Moore's movie “Sicko” - that the cure to the nation's health care problems is a single - payer system - is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration, whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single-payer plans of other countries - Britain, France, Canada and Cuba - Mr. Mooreleft out the trade-offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. _____（47）Kurt Loder, the film critic who is best known as the anchor（主持人）of “MTV News, ” wrote a critique（批评）of the film for MTV's website. “'Sicko,'” he said, “does a real service” in portraying（描绘）victims of American insurance companies - like the people who died because their only treatment options were considered “experimental” and therefore not covered. ___（48）When “governments attempt to regulate the balance between a limited supply of health ca re and an unlimited demand for it, they’re inevitably forced to ration treatment.” Mr. Loder asserted. ___（49）Mr. Loder cited the short film “Dead Meat,” which presents anecdotes（轶事）of failure in the Canadian single-payer system. In its one-sidedness, “Dead Meat” might have made for a nice double feature with “Sicko.” and left moviegoers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system.___（50）This all makes an otherwise “emotionally compelling film not necess arily an intellectually satisfying one, ” wrote Darren Barefoot, a Canadian blogger（博客作者）.A Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries, like France’s high taxes and Britain’s cash-short hospitals.B But the film as a whole, he conc luded, is “breathtakingly meretricious（似是而非的）,”in large part because of its characterizations of other countries' health care systems.C The problems have been noticed—and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore's detractors（诋毁者）.D He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore.E Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.F This is particularly true in health care, a market in which scarce （稀罕的）goods are ridiculously expensive, but needed by everybody. 参考答案：46. F 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A第5部分：补全短文（2009/B）Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign. ___(46) Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping.Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries. ___(47) When returned bottles are put in a vending machine (自动售货机), the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. ___(48)In response to a campaign by Britain's The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence.___ (49)But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. __(50) in Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles.A In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.B This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.C This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.D Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce.E The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.F If a product is over-packaged, don't buy it.解析：E The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign. ___(46) Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.A In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping.Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries. ___(47) When returned bottles are put in a vending machine (自动售货机), the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.B This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. （观点）Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. ___(48)C This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.D Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce.F If a product is over-packaged, don't buy it.46. E 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C第5部分：补全短文（2010/A）I Know Just How You FeelDo you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Readingame, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel the first visual distionary of the human heart.Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expressions of emotions were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. _________(47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actorsand teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion" _________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from"afraid" to "wanting".Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face. " It was really clear when the actors had got it right," says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD." Although they were given some direstion," says Ms Collis, " the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. " _________(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called " action units". These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facialshapes. Ekmen has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture .B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective.C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions.D.These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.E. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" "he looks" or"she sounds".F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this.解析：D.These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.Although they were given some direstion," says Ms Collis, " the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. " _________(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture .Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group.E. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" "he looks" or"she sounds".Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion" _________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from"afraid" to "wanting".B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective.C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions.F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this.46． B 47. F 48. E. 49. A 50 D第5部分：补全短文（2010/B）SemcoAt 21．Ricard0 Semler became boss of his father business in Brazil，Semco，which sold partsfor ships．Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7：30 am，until midnight every day．One afternoon while touring a factory in New York he collapsed The doctor who treated him said"There，s nothing wrong with you．But if you continue like this，you'11 find a new home in our hospital．"Semler got the message．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed the way his employees worked too．He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary like receptionists andsecretaries．____________(46)．"Everyone at Semco， even top managers，meets guests in reception does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone．"He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they have plants at Semco，so bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else．__________(47)．As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts．Semler says．"We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour．He doesn't even pretend to be busy． But when a Semco pump on the otherside of the world fails and millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea．Rubin springs into action．_________(48)．That's when he earns his salary．No one cares if he doesn't look busy therest of the time．"Semco has flexible working hours：the employees decide when they need to arrive at work．Theemployees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．__________(49)．It sounds perfect．but does it work?The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years．Semco's revenues have gone from$35 million to$212 million．The company has grown from eighthundred employees to 3，000．Why?Semler says it's because of"peer pressure"．Peer pressure makes everyone work hard for every。
职称英语考试培训
职称英语考试培训一、培训背景随着全球经济一体化的深入发展，我国与世界各国的交流与合作日益频繁。
英语作为国际通用语言，在许多领域都扮演着至关重要的角色。
为了满足广大专业技术人员晋升职称的需求，提高他们在职称英语考试中的竞争力，我们特别推出了职称英语考试培训。
二、培训目标帮助学生掌握职称英语考试的核心知识点和考试技巧；提高学生的英语实际应用能力，包括阅读、写作、翻译等；培养学生的跨文化交流意识和能力，以适应国际交流的需要。
三、培训内容词汇与语法：重点讲解职称英语考试中常用的词汇和语法知识，帮助学生打好语言基础；阅读理解：提高学生的阅读技巧，培养快速获取信息、准确理解文章的能力；写作技巧：教授学生撰写符合规范的应用文和议论文，提高英文写作水平；翻译技巧：讲解英汉互译的基本技巧和方法，培养学生的翻译能力；模拟试题解析：通过模拟试题的训练，让学生熟悉考试形式和难度，提高应试能力。
四、培训方式与特色小班授课：为保证教学质量，我们采用小班授课模式，教师能够关注到每位学生的学习状态，及时给予指导和帮助；互动教学：通过课堂讨论、小组合作等方式，鼓励学生积极参与教学过程，提高学习效果；个性化辅导：针对不同学生的需求和水平，提供个性化辅导服务，帮助学生解决学习中遇到的问题；实战模拟：组织模拟考试和模拟面试，让学生熟悉考试流程和形式，增强考试信心。
五、培训效果通过本培训，学生将能够：熟悉职称英语考试的要求和题型，掌握相应的答题技巧；提高英语实际应用能力，包括阅读、写作、翻译等方面的技能；增强跨文化交流意识和能力，更好地适应国际交流的需要；提升在职称英语考试中的竞争力，增加晋升职称的机会。
六、师资力量我们的师资团队由经验丰富的英语教师和外籍教师组成。
他们具有丰富的教学经验和职称英语考试指导经验，能够为学生提供专业的指导和帮助。
同时，我们还会邀请具有多年职称英语考试经验的专家进行授课和指导。
七、培训安排与费用培训时间：根据考试时间安排，一般为考前一个月左右开始培训；培训地点：根据学生需求和报名情况确定培训地点；费用：根据培训时间和课程设置而定，具体费用请咨询培训机构。
职称英语考前培训1
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各部分测试点、题型、题量
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第1部分
• 词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） • 每题一个句子中有一个单词或词组用下划 线标示，从四个选项中选出与划线词意义 最接近的词或短语。
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题型解析
• 考试时该题型多半不会出书上的练习原 题，但也不排除和往年有重复，因为题库 中的题可能重复出现。 • 所有词均在大纲范围之内。
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解题步骤和技巧
• 为节省时间，又能拿分准和快，解题时不 用看整句话，只看划线词和选项。 • 若划线词和选项均熟悉，有把握，直接选 出答案。 • 若划线词和选项不熟悉，拿不准，则查字 典。
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解题步骤和技巧
• 不必要选择太厚太大的词典，只要其收录 的词条能覆盖6000个词就足够。词条数量 在字典的说明里会标注出来。 • 若收录词条太多，会增加查找难度，多花 时间。 • 考前多使用，尽量熟悉词典。
Belcher’s team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries，and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. "We're working on things we traditionally don’t associate with nature," says Hammond. Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A，C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However，every year，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink，ordinary bakeries won’t be small enough to fit inside. The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher’s model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses， looks like a regular watch battery. But inside，its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope. How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size， pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin，right? Although the width of each person’s hair is a bit different，you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts，side to side，across one hair. These 37 microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7.
2016职称英语-推荐
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第十一篇：Virtual DriverDriving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. ____1____ Apparently there isn’t anyone in the.driver’s cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system：a built:in computer ____2____ The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2，analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver’s best advantage is that it reacts quickly. ____3____ However, it takes the world’s best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn’t include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? ____4____ With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. ____5____ This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5.词汇：virtual / 'vɜː tʃʊəl / adj．虚拟的 coordination / kəʊ,ɔ:dɪ'neʃən / n．协调，配合cab / kæb / n．驾驶室 minicamera n．小型照相机boot / buːt / n．（车身后部的）行李箱 built-in adj．嵌入的racecarn．赛车 expressway / ɪk'spresweɪ / n．高速公路driverless adj．无驾驶员的注释：1．virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员2．The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at：大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。
The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds at which objects surrounding the car are moving3．have the wheel：驾驶汽车4．This being the case：虽然情况是这样。
This being the case是独立主格结构。
5．highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like：未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。
练习：A Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.B In the near future , intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.C This is the brain of the ear.D But how does an intelligent car control itself?E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.F However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.答案与题解：1.D “空1”前面三个句子讲的是真人驾驶员驾驶汽车时脑、眼、耳、手、脚并用，而且要协调配合。
“空1”之后话题转入虚拟驾驶员。
“空1”之后的第一句“Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab ... ”似乎来得有些突然，与前面句子接得很生硬。
所以，中间应该有个过渡句。
选项D就是连接上下文的过渡句。
2.C “空2”前面一句意思是，如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就能看到自动驾驶系统中最重要的部件，嵌入式计算机。
“空2”后的句子中的the brain of the car自然是指前句的built- in computer,但接得太突然。
选项C "This is the brain of the car. ”就把前后句子联系起来了。
this指代上一句的built-in comupter。
后面句子的the brain of the car是重复选项C中的 the brain of the car,显得很自然。
所以，C是答案。
3.E “空3”前面一句意思是，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。
“空3”后面一句意思是，最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟才能作出反应。
“至少要1秒钟”已经暗示，虚拟驾驶员反应速度要比真人驾驶员快。
选项E说，虚拟驾驶员只需100毫秒就能作出反应。
选项E使上下文的意思完整，因此是答案。
4.A “空4”前面是一个问句，B卩“在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车?”“空4”的句子应该回答这个问题：“让还是不让?”选项A回答了这个问题，因此是答案。
5.F “空 5”前面一句意,思是，“The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. ”(智倉旨、汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他〒辆。
)选项F的内容正好相反。
上一句说"recognizes”，还有"mark the lanes clearly"，而 F 说“cannot recognize"，又说“no clear markings”。
从意思表达和词汇重复上，都能判断出，F的句子应该出现在“空 5”的位置上。
第十三篇 Affectionate androidsComputers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence. They will beprogrammed to tend to your every need.Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades.________（1）Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures—even objects.For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. _______ （2）The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat，the kids even covered it with a blanket.In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions—soul mates, even? ________ （3）And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.________ （4）For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence, MarvinMinsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?”A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. ________（5）People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.词汇：affectionate adj. 深情的dexterity n. 灵巧，敏捷anthropomorphize v. 赋于人性，人格化grumpy adj. 脾气暴躁的cyber adj. 计算机的tend v. 照料bot n. 机器人subservient adj. 屈从的，奉承的注释：1．Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn：计算机技术已经足够成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。