人教版高中英语选修六Unit 1 Art reading名师精编课时作业(6)

Unit 1 Art reading课时作业阅读理解A(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It's a plant's way of crying out.But is anyone listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors, relatively speaking ，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.语篇解读：研究发现，植物受到昆虫攻击时，会通过两种方式实施自我保护：第一种是释放一种化学物质，让周围的邻居接收后减少伤害；第二种是产生一种香味引来袭击者的天敌消灭袭击者。

1．What does a plant do when it is under attack?A．It makes noises.B．It gets help from other plants.C．It stands quietly.D．It sends out certain chemicals.[解析]细节理解题。

由文章第一段中的“...young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.”可知，当植物受到攻击时，会释放出某种化学物质。

故选D项。

[答案] D2．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?A．The attackers get attacked.B．The insects gather under the table.C．The plants get ready to fight back.D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.[解析]词义猜测题。

后句对该短语进行了解释：The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.(原来正在吃午餐的袭击者现在变成了午餐)，也就是A项所说的袭击者受到了攻击。

故选A。

[答案] A3．Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________.A．predict natural disastersB．protect themselves against insectsC．talk to one another intentionallyD．help their neighbors when necessary[解析]推理判断题。

由文章的描述可知，当受到昆虫攻击时，有的植物会释放一种有难闻气味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫(Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.)，有的植物会释放香味引来袭击者的天敌(They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.)，无论哪种情况，都是为了保护自己，由此可知选B。

A项所说的预测自然灾害，文中没有提及；C项属于曲解文意，原文说的是“Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know.”，不是C项所说的“有意识地谈话”。

由原文中的“Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itseff.”可知第一个遭受袭击的植物的本意并不是为了帮助邻居，故D项错误。

[答案] B4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．The world is changing faster than ever.B．People have stronger senses than before.C．The world is more complex than it seems.D．People in Darwin's time were more imaginative.[解析]推理判断题。

最后一段告诉我们，达尔文在150多年前就想象世界要比我们感知的更繁忙、更吵闹、更亲密，由此可以推断C项所说的“世界远比看上去的要复杂”符合语境。

[答案] CB(2018·福建宁德重点中学月考)Crime fighters could have a new tool at hand. Researchers have developed a cutting－edge technique to identify human hair. Their test is quicker than DNA analysis techniques currently used by law enforcement.DNA testing is commonly used for identification because DNA is unique to each individual (个体). However, environmental and chemical processes can degrade DNA, limiting its usefulness over time. Protein (蛋白质) in hair, on the other hand, is more stable than DNA but can also have variations (变体) that may be unique to the individual.“Our analysis process can be used universally，” says Ms. Huang. “One of our samples (样本) even included dyed hair and the test was 100 percent accurate. The test was able to distinguish East Asians, Caucasians and South Asians.”Dr. Beauchemin says she has got in touch with law enforcement agencies about using the new technology. She is also planning to collect more hair samples and continue her research with a goal of finding where exactly in the world the hair sample is from, to look for more races and determine specific age.“We are in a very similar place with protein－based identification to where DNA testing was during the early days of its development ，” said chemist Brad Hart. “This method will be a game－changer, and while we've made a lot of progress toward improving it, there are steps to go before this new technique is able to reach its full potential.”语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一种新型的打击犯罪的技术——头发验证。