实用文体翻译

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实用文体翻译
期末整理根据老师PPT整理而成供学弟学妹们复习使用~~
一、翻译标准
1、以译出语或译入语为取向的翻译原则
2、直译与意译
重点难点:
A,He had the agility of a man half his age.他像岁数比他小一半的人那样敏捷。

B,Every dog has its day.人人皆有得意之日。

C,Cast pearls before swine. 对牛弹琴
D,They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼命逃跑,连吃奶的力气都用上了。

二、英汉差别
1、真朋友&假朋友
2、转换:译者将大脑中分析好的语言材料——具有原语深层结构形式的一串词语——转换为具有译语深层结构的一串词语。

3、重构:将已经转换为译语深层结构的一串词语,为着符合译语惯用的表层结构形式、更好地表达原文内容、更好地体现原文功能与风格的目标,重新排列、连接或删除。

4、英汉差异
——句子扩展模式
中:句首开放性和句尾封闭性英:句首封闭性,句尾开放性
——形合和意合
中:意合英:形合
5、“核心句分析法”,即把英语复杂句分解为语义相对完整的只包含单个主谓框架(即只包含一个谓语动词)的多个句子——核心句,分析各个核心句间的语义逻辑关系,然后用合乎译语表达习惯的排列方式对各核心句进行重构。

按照汉语(一)先发生先说后发生后说,(二)先说事实,后说评价,(三)先说因后说果(以及先说条件后说推断、先说手段后说目的、先说反面后说正面等)的原则,并使用适当的省略、重复、代称等,把核心句翻译成汉语。

重点难点:
A,阴(the soft, inactive, female principle or force in the world)
B,a broken record of argument陈词滥调
我们已按很低价格向你们报盘。

We have made you an offer at a very competitive price.
C,相声=cross talk=comic dialogue
D,鱼米之乡=land of fish and rice=land of milk and honey
E,eat one’s words承认错误
The sea refuses no rivers. 贪得无厌
blue wool高级羊毛
extended family大家庭
jelly built project豆腐渣工程
drink like a fish牛饮
F,We never meet without a parting. 有聚就有散
G,We took off and flew over the city and slowly gained height.我们起飞了,飞过城市,慢慢飞高。

H,They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
这是每位中国人都珍视的理想。

在过去,许多中国人为之奉献了自己的生命,如今,他们正为实现这个理想而努力奋斗着。

三、翻译技巧
1、加注(annotation)
A.音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释。

注释可长可短,可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。

B.直译加注指直译原文,并附加解释性注释。

注释可长可短,既可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。

2、释义(paraphrase)是指舍弃原文中的具体形象,直接解释出原文的意思。

在翻译一些具有鲜明民族色彩的词语(如成语、典故)时,如果直译不能使译入语读者明白意思,而加注又使译文太噜嗦,并且原文重意不重形、重意不重典时,可采用释义法。

它既可使译文简洁明了,又不损害对原文信息的传达。

例如:as drunk as a fiddler 酩酊大醉
3、归化(domestication)归化翻译法常用于处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。

如:as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠
It’s not easy to become a member of that club----they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick and Harry.
要加入那个俱乐部并非易事----他们只吸收手头阔绰的人,而不是张三、李四、王五。

4、异化(foreignization)译者尽可能不去打扰作者,使得读者向作者靠拢,力争采用相应于源语的表达方法,再现原作的作风特点与文化气味。

5、增词(amplification)
一、为了语法上的需要:
量词(The sun rose thinly from the sea.一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。


时态(I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. 原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示,但是现在看来,这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道,来断定是不是自己生的。


单复数(The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。


省略句(She ate little. Food sickened her, and I think much of life too.她吃得很少;她厌恶食物,我觉得她也厌恶生活。


二、为了意义上的需要,增加合适的动词、形容词或副词,使译文意思明确。

如:人和动物不同。

Man is different from other animals增加适当的名词,使译文意思明确、符合汉语的表达习惯。

例如:darkness 漆黑一团
6、减词(omission) 减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。

我们必须培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。

We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.
Come if you like.高兴就来。

7、转换(conversion)
一、词类转换:词类转换是指英语中的某一词类译成汉语时转换成另一词类。

(1) It is bad manners to blow your nose at table. 进餐时擤鼻子颇为不雅。

二、句子成分转换(主语转换为宾语,宾语转换为主语)
Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak. 她还没有完全失去镇静,一时却又找不出话可说。

三、表达方式转换
──Is there a special rate by the month?──Yes, there is a 10% discount.
──按月计算有什么优惠吗?──有,可以打9 折。

She has been a widow only for six months.她丈夫死了至今才不过半年。

四、自然语序、倒装语序和其他成分转换
英语中使用倒装语序,主要是为了加强语气、突出重点、平衡句子结构等;而汉语中使用倒装语序相对较少,所以英译汉时,常常得将倒装语序转换为自然语序。

例如:
(1) Away ran the boy.男孩跑开了。

插入成分语序的装换
There are, to be exact, only two choices.准确地说,只有两种选择。

五、主动式与被动式转换
六、分句转换
分句转换是指一种英语分句翻译成汉语时转换成另一种分句,例如:(定语从句--条件状语从句)
(1) They felt that it was much easier and safer to rob their own people, for they knew that white policemen never really searched diligently for Negroes who committed crimes against other Negroes.他们觉得抢劫他们的同种人要安全得多,因为他们知道,如果黑人侵犯的是黑人,白人警察便从来不认真搜捕。

7、切分(division)
8、反译法(negation)英语正面表达这里指的是不带否定词no, not , never 否定前缀non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-和否定后缀-less 等的句子,汉语正面表达则是指不带“不”、“没”、“非”、“未”、“否”、“无”、“莫”、“勿”、“别”等否定词语的句子
Wet paint! 油漆未干!
TIPS:
With unemployment rate high, the dollar value low and the stock market in distress, the economy problem will be the President’s sternest trial.
英语较少使用范围词,rate, value 和problem 都应该去掉。

重点难点:
A,Oval Office 椭圆形办公室(美国白宫总统办公室)
B,拆了东墙补西墙。

To rob Peter to pay Paul.
C,lead a dog's life 过着牛马一样的生活
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs杀鸡取卵
talk horse 吹牛
D,I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires.
我软得像一团棉花,脊背疼痛得好像被钢丝抽打过一样。

E,Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.
金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。

F,他告诉父亲,他第二天该起得早。

He told his father, “I shall get up earlier tomorrow.”
G,任何新生事物的成长都要进过艰难曲折。

New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow.
H,一到新加坡,我的朋友就在机场等着接我。

On arriving at Singapore, I found my friend waiting for me at the airport.
四、广告文体翻译
——广告制作的五个重要追求——明确的主题(idea)深刻的印象(immediate impact)
生动的趣味(interest)完满的信息(information)强烈的推动力(impulsion)(1). Lexical features(词汇特征)
1) 广告语言一般遵循KISS原则:Keep it short and sweet.
2) 常用的正面评价词汇
(2). Syntax features(句法特征)
1) Simple Sentences多用短句、简单句、不完整句和省略句
2)Imperative Sentences广告词使用祈使句能引导消费者走近产品,起到引导、劝说、敦促消费者采取行动的作用,真正发挥广告词的祈使功能。

3) Interrogative sentence(疑问句)
4) Active voice (主动语态)
5) Present tense 英文广告语常使用现在时态,表示所推介的产品功用持久和永恒。

(3). Rhetorical features(修辞特征)
1)Pun Ask for More. (摩尔香烟)
2)明喻和暗喻(Simile and Metaphor)
3)拟人(Personification)
4)反复(Repetition)
5)押韵(Rhyme)
6)对比(Antithesis)The choice is yours. The honor is ours.
7)仿拟parody,imitation Where there is a way, there is a Toyota.丰田汽车,风行天下。

(4)、广告翻译原则1. 了解所译商品及广告的特点。

2.简洁而富有创意3. 通俗中透着美感。

4. 尊重广告受众国的文化传统及消费心理。

(5)、广告语常用翻译策略
1. Literal translation在翻译广告时,直译主要用来处理一些原文意义较明确、句法结构较简单的广告。

Challenge the Limits.(三星)挑战极限。

2. Free translation意译在形式上较为自由、灵活,基本保留原文的意思,但可在原文的基础上进行适当发挥。

For next generation.(百事可乐)新一代的选择。

FedEx:We live to deliver.联邦快递、诚信为本。

3. Adaptation完全改变原文的意思,在目的语中寻找新的广告口号,这种情况一般较少,有的是产品推介的时候就已经选定了一定的目的语广告词,有的是为了更好地体现产品特点和接近目的语。

Connecting People.(Nokia)科技以人为本。

Ma Belle is Diamond.(Ma Belle珠宝)只因为您更有价值。

4. Amplification 一般说来,英译汉更容易采用增补的手法,因为汉语的广告词可以更长一些,而且更多的时候是为了前后对仗。

Taking the lead in a Digital world.(三星广告)领先数码,超越永恒。

5. Condensed Translation缩译主要用于广告原文比较复杂的情况下。

中文广告词比较长的时候,可以采取这一策略。

Wherever you are.Whatever you do.The Allianz Group is always on your side.(安联集团)
安联集团,永远站在你身边。

以塑代木,清洁卫生,坚固耐用。

Better than wood or metals.
五、新闻报刊翻译
(1)句法特点:新闻报道文体要求一个简单句能容纳尽可能多的信息,因此新闻报道者常常将简单句的基本句型予以扩展,构成扩展的简单句。

(2)用词特点
1.典型的量化语言表达.
2. 新闻报道用语
3. 专业词汇
(3)报刊商务文章的汉译要点
(一)专业术语处理得当
(二)标题简洁、生动形象
(三)句式灵活处理
(四)把握原文语气
报刊文章语气一般较正式,不能译成松散,口语化。

(五)报刊商务文章的翻译要求语境得体
重点难点:
A,non-farm payrolls非农就业人数
B,Terms and conditions条款
C,Protest system拒付系统
D,It is important to tap the market potenial around the world.And geographical market diversification is the key to surviving the unsteady world market.In common parlance,it is unwise to “put all our eggs in one basket” .When some markets slump,there are always other markerts remaining buoyant.Thus we can stand a chance to gain on the swings what might be lost on the roundabouts.要全方位地开拓国际市场,市场多元化是立于不败之地的关键。

俗话说:“不能在一棵树上吊死。

”当某些市场疲软时,总还有另一些市场坚挺,所以要能做到“东方不亮西方亮”(“失之东隅,收之桑榆”)。

E,This year has seen a big increase in road accidents.今年道路交通事故大增。

F,collapse: to fall or decline suddenly, as in value崩盘,(市场价格)崩溃,猛然下跌
G,wipe out:勾销,抹掉(债务等); 彻底破产,花光
My neighbor was totally wiped out by the last recession.刚刚过去的经济萧条让我的邻居彻底破产。

The five-year bear market in China wiped out the fortunes of lots of investors.中国股市持续5年的熊市让众多投资者的投资损失殆尽。

H,Substantially(实质上,大体上,充分的)
The percentage of girls in engineering has increased substantially. 工科女生的比例已经大大增长了。

I,surge:(需求,利润,兴趣等的)急剧增加
J,jump: to increase suddently and by a large amount (突然大量的)增加,暴涨K,leap: to increase quickly and by a large amount迅速大幅增加
L,soar: to increase quickly to a high level猛增,骤升
M,plunge:(价格、价值、费用)暴跌,骤降
N,plummet: (价值或数量)大幅下跌
If many investors sell , sellers will outnumber buyers , and the price of the stock will plummet .
如果有许多投资者同时抛售,卖方就会超过买方,因此股价就会直线下跌。

O,A Los Angeles research firm said PDA chip content will inch up marginally in 2002.
一家洛杉矶调查公司说,2002年掌上电脑的芯片容量将比上一年略有爬升。

P,The stock market is expected to bottom out at the end of this month.
股市可望本月进入止跌回升阶段。

跌停回升/触底反弹
Q,Since profit rates were falling in some big, basic sectors of the economy, corporations tried for quicker and larger returns by investing in retail, services, and financial speculation.
由于某些大型基础经济部门利润率开始下降,所以各公司纷纷通过投资零售业、服务业和金融投机业以获取更快更高的收益。

R,After the Booms Everything Is Gloom繁荣不再萧条即来
六、商务信函的翻译
1、合作原则和礼貌原则在商务信函中的体现
Correctness:正确(质量准则)Completeness:完整(数量准则)
Concretness:具体(关联准则)Conciseness:简洁(方式准则)
Clearness:清楚(方式准则)Courtesy:礼貌(礼貌原则)
Consideration:体谅(礼貌原则)
2、商贸信函翻译原则
——数量准则1)翻译不要漏译,力求完整。

2)翻译时不得随意增添信息,力求严谨——质量准则1)翻译不可夸大其辞,力求真实2)翻译要使用套语,力求规范3)在翻译时要注意商业术语和缩略语,力求准确
——方式准则1)翻译不能用陈腐、晦涩的语言,力求得体2)翻译避免使用产生歧义的语言,力求具体3)翻译要避免啰嗦,力求简洁4)长句翻译要理清脉络,力求条理简洁——关联准则1)翻译要联系上下文,力求通顺
重点难点:
A,收到对方来函时用:
We are in receipt of your letter/ We acknowledge receipt of your letter/ We have received your letter贵函敬悉/贵函收悉/来函收悉
B,表示通知对方时:
We are pleased to inform you…特此奉告
Notice is hereby given that… 特此函告
C,回复对方的来信时用:
In reply to your letter of (+日期)/ Regarding your letter of (+日期)/ Referring to your letter of (+日期) 兹回复贵方(某日)来函
D,希望对方回复时用:
Your kind reply will greatly oblige us. 如蒙答复,当不胜感激。

/敬请回复。

/盼复/望赐复。

Your (prompt)reply would be appreciated.敬请(速)回复。

Looking forward to your positive/favourable/affirmative reply 敬候佳音
E,随函附上某物时用:
Enclosed we hand/ Enclosed please find/ We are enclosing… 同函奉上/ 随函附上…
F,表示礼貌委婉的语气用:
Thank you for… 感谢贵方…
We are glad/ pleased to …很高兴…
We are grateful (obliged)for… 对...深表感激…
We regret to…非常遗憾…
We are very sorry to…甚为遗憾…
G,If I understood your letter correctly, I would immediately accept your offer. 请贵方来函内容更清楚些,这样我方便可立即接受贵方报盘。

H,In reply to your inquiry of 25th March, we are pleased to offer you the following.
兹答复三月二十五日询价,并报盘如下。

I,We shall cover TPND on your order.我们将为贵方货物投盗窃和提货不着险。

(Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery)
J,CIF (cost, freight and insurance) 到岸价
FOB(free on board) 离岸价
proforma invoice 形式发票
K,We wish to draw your attention to the fact that our clients are in urgent need of the contracted good.敬请注意,我方客户急需合同货物。

L,We confirm having cabled you a firm offer subject to your reply reaching us by October 10.现确认已向贵方电发实盘,10月10日前复到有效。

M,In order to enable us to capture a part of the market for you, we sincerely hope that you will make us a further concession, for example, a discount of 15% instead of 10% as you planned to give us on an order worth approximately US$ 10,000.为使我方替贵方打开一片市场,真诚希望贵方给予我方更多优惠,譬如,订单总值约10000美元,给予我方15%的折扣,而非贵方原计划的10%。

N,We are sending you under separate cover by airmail a copy of the latest catelogue.兹另封航邮我最新目录一封。

O,Short-covering is very prevalent in the financial market.金融市场上空头回补很盛行。

P,The goods under our Order No. 4580 are covered against All Risks.4580号订单下的货物已投保了一切险。

Q,Please ship us 2000 tons of Green Beans covered by our Order No. 3220 at an early date.望你方能早日装运我方第3220号订单下的2000吨绿豆为宜。

The customer sent the faulty radio back to the shop, with a covering letter.顾客退回有毛病的收音机,并附以详函。

R, 我会很高兴帮助您解决这个问题。

I’ll be pleased to help yo u sort out this problem. S, 我明白您的意思,并且理解您的顾虑。

I see what you mean and can appreciate your concern.
T, 我很高兴在这种情况下向您提供5%的额外优惠。

I am happy to offer you an extra discount of 5% in the circumstances.
U,感谢贵方七月九日的来函。

按照贵方的要求,随函附寄了产品目录和价目表。

Thank you for your letter of 9 July. As requested we enclose our catalogue and price list. V,我方将很高兴提供贵方需要的任何其它信息。

We shall be pleased to send you any further information you may need.
W,如需要更多详细情况,请通知我。

Please let me know if you need any further details.
X,感谢贵方8月15日的询价,我方现随函附上皮鞋及手提包的报价。

Thank you for your
enquiry of 15 August. Our quotation for leather shoes and handbags is enclosed.
七、商务合同的翻译
1、措辞正式庄重
2、使用术语
3、用词严密、具体、准确
4、英文合同中多使用情态动词shall,汉语使用能愿动词“必须”、“应该”等
合同中,shall并非单纯表示将来时,而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务,具有约束力,宜译为“应”、“应该”、“必须”; will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱,宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”;should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。

——商务合同翻译的原则
1. 用词严谨准确,合乎规范
2. 译文完整,注重细节
3. 句法正确,语气贴切
4. 行文通顺,条理清楚
重点难点:
A,Whereas, Manufacturer is engaged in the manufacture and sale of the Products;
Whereas, Manufacturer is desirous of selling the Products in the Territory; Whereas, Distributor is engaged in the importation and distribution of the related products of the Products in the Territory; and
Whereas, Distributor is desirous of becoming a distributor of the Products in the Territory.
Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:
(operative part)
制造人乃从事本商品制造之公司。

制造人希望在经销区域进行本商品之销售。

销售人乃在经销区域从事与本商品相关商品进口与销售之公司。

销售人希望能在经销区域代销本商品。

基于以上之认识,双方当事人遂就下列各事项达成协议:
B,The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.
所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。

D,Quality to be strictly as per the sample submitted by the Seller.
质量严格按照卖方提供的样品为准。

E,This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.
本合同受中国法律管辖,并按中国法律解释。

F,权利和义务rights and obligations
仲裁arbitration
终止termination
不可抗力force majeure
赔偿compensation
合同双方both parties to the contract
生效come into force
G,A Japanese diet member from the Liberal
Democratic Party discussed with a Chinese trading delegation yesterday on future cooperation.
一个日本自民党议员昨天和某个中国贸易代表团讨论了今后合作的事宜。

H,This agreement is made and entered into on April 16, 2007 by and between
Party A and Party B.
本合约由甲方和乙方于2007年4月16日达成。

I,The amendments to or alteration of this contract become effect only after they are signed by parties hereto and approved by the original approving authorities. 对本合同的任何修改仅在双方签字并由原许可当局签字后方能生效。

J,求同型同义词
null and void无效
terms and conditions条款
provision and stipulations规定
agent or representative代表
claim or allegation主张
any part or parts of it其中任何部分
insufficiency or inadequacy不足
arising or resulting from引起
Any duties, obligations or liabilities所有责任
The Buyer reserves the right to investigate or inspect at any time whether the products, qualifications, or facilities meet the Contract requirements.
买方保留随时对产品,质量或设施是否符合合同要求进行检查的权力。

K,求异型近义词
modification and alternation修改和变更
obligation and liability义务和责任
approve and accept认可并接受
able and willing能够并愿意
express or implied明示或暗示
loss or damage灭失或损坏
use, misuse or abuse使用,误用或滥用
void and voidable无效的和可以撤销的
voidable and void可以撤销的甚至无效的
Charges, fees, costs and expenses各种费用
Party A acknowledges and agees that the technology it will receive from Party B during the term of this Contract shall be kept secret and confidential.
甲方承认并同意应对在合同期内乙方提供的技术保密。

L,连续使用介词
over and above 15% 15%以上,超过15%(不包括15%)
over and up to 15% inclusive 15% 15% 以上(含15%)
plus or minus 5%加减5%
M,The undersigned buyer and seller have confirmed… in accordance with the
following terms and conditions.
下面签名的卖方和买方已根据以下条款确认…
本协议自签订之日有效。

N,This agreement shall come into force on and from the day of signature. Including but without limiting…包括但不限于
O,Except if and to the extent otherwise provided in the contract
除合同另有规定及在合同规定的范围外
P,constitute a breach hereof构成违反本协议/合同的行为
Q,NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:兹特立约为证,并由订约双方协议如下:
R,Should it be the fault of both parties, they shall bear their respective responsibilities according to actual situation.
若属双方过失,则根据实际情况,由双方分别承担各自应负的违约责任。

S,During the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract, two Parties shall hold a meeting every year to discuss problems arising from the execution of the Contract.
本合同有效期间,双方应每年举行一次会议,讨论本合同履行期间存在的问题
T,The Buyer shall pay the Seller US$350,000 within 20 days after the Bank of China has received the following documents from the Seller and found them in order, but not earlier than 12 (twelve)months after the date the Contract Plant for the first time reached 95% of guaranteed capacity of the whole Contract Plant according to the guaranteed quality indices as per Annex IV to the Contract or 65 months after the date of signing the contract, whichever is earlier.
买方须于中国银行收到卖方下列单据,并经审核证实无误后的二十天内向卖方支付350,000美元,但此款项的支付不得早于合同工厂第一次达到附件IV 所规定之质量保证指标的95%以后的12个月,或本合同签字后的65个月,以早到的日期为准。

U,If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.
如果一方违反任何其在18.1 条中所作之陈述或担保或在18.2条中所重述之陈述或担保,则另一方除根据本合同或相关法律寻求任何可能的救济之外,违约方应当赔偿另一方或合营公司因此种违反而招致的任何损失、损害、费用、开支、责任或索赔。

八、旅游文体翻译
——汉语地名英译
一、专名是单音节的英译法
渤海Bohai Sea
黄海Yellow Sea
二、通名专名化的英译法
绥芬河市Suifenhe City
三、通名是同一个汉字的多种英译法
山:Mount Emei
Wutai Mountain
the Elephant Hill
Lantau Island
the Nyainqentanglha Range
四、以人名命名的地名英译法
黄继光纪念馆Huang Jiguang Memorial
五、特殊地名英译
拉萨Lhasa
乌鲁木齐Urnmclu/Urumqi
厦门Amoy
广州Canton
——旅游景区的英译原则
先将景点的通名专名化,即:景点专名(音译)+景点通名(意译)+景区通名(意译)。

金沙遗址博物馆Jinsha Site Museum
文殊院Wenshu Monastery
景区地名翻译(意译)
玉佛寺Jade Buddha Temple
万寿山Longevity Hill
——景区介绍翻译
旅游景点翻译主要目的有二:一是忠实传达原文信息;二是尽量保存原作语气。

(一)英语旅游文体特点及翻译
1、英文用词简单
Underwater World Singapore is an incredible one-stop destination for the family, providing hours of fun, leisure and learning for all. Be thrilled no end by unique encounters with marine animals.
简单词汇可使宣传材料浅显易懂,突出其目标人群广的特点。

翻译策略:译文选词也应尽量简单。

英译汉时,保存原文信息为主,适当增加美感:
新加坡海底世界是个适合全家共游的一站式景点。

他为全家带来无限乐趣的同时,也让大家放松心情并获取新知。

就让我们的海洋生物带您和家人一同踏上独特的梦幻旅程吧。

If these houses and their rooms could speak, what tales would they have told? Come on in, to a time when migrants braved the unknown and who dared to explore the opportunities and secrets of XXX .
如果这些古屋和房间会说话,它们会讲出什么样的故事?快来倾听吧,跨入早期移民勇于探索未知世界及探讨XXX所隐藏的良机与秘密的时代。

(二)汉语旅游文体特点及翻译
1. 常用描述性很强的词汇
相对于英语而言,汉语旅游宣传材料更注重感情的传达和主观的体悟,多使用富有感染力的词汇,尤其是四字词,有时甚至夸大其词,以达到宣传的目的。

翻译时,应根据情况,在保持原文信息和美感的前提下,将译文适当简化。

西湖如镜面,千峰凌翠,洞壑幽深,风光迤逦
The West Lake is like a mirror of enchanting beauty, embellished all around with green hills and deep caves.
水上石林距黄果树瀑布十公里左右,是一处新开发的旅游景点。

在这河上怪石林立,河水时明时暗,时缓时急,有时惊涛拍岸,有时细雨无声。

The Aquatic Forest, some ten kilometers from Huangguoshu Waterfall, is burgeoning tourist spot on a small river. The water rushes or slips through the peculiarly shaped rocks in the river, raging or babbling somewhere along the way.
2、对于过于溢美之词,可以适当删减或进行简单处理,尤其是重复性词汇和译出来反而不合英文表达习惯的词汇。

3、应译出符合审美心理和欣赏习惯的译文
汉译英时,传达原文“介绍性信息”即可,不拘泥描述性语言
乐山水光山色独特,地理环境优越,素有“绿杨夹岸水平铺”之称,举行龙舟竞赛得天独厚。

Famous for its “tranquil river fringed with rich vegetation”, Leshan in Sichuan Province has the ideal stetting for the Dragon Festival.
在我国最早的典籍中,即有关于这条河的记载。

尚书禹贡:“漆沮既从,沣水攸同”,诗经大雅:“沣水东注,维禹之绩”,说明沣水在远古就是一条著名的河流。

Records about this river can be found even in the earliest Chinese classics, which proves that, the Feng River has been well known since ancient times.
张家界位于湖南省西北部,总面积9563平方公里,人口100多万,是国内外旅游胜地之一。

Located in the northwestern part of Hunan province, Zhangjiajie is one of the turist attractions both at home or abroad, with an area of 9563 square kilometers and a population of more than 1 million people.。

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