科技英语在线考试试题

1. Obviously you came here intending to （） the United States andyou will need a work visaA. rest withB. resort toC. render intoreside in满分：1 分2. Tom's father, as well as his mother, _____ in New York for a fewdays more.A. ask him to stayasks him to stayC. ask he should stayD. asks he should stay满分：1 分3. Enough lava had __________ from the volcano to bury the entire village.disruptedsplashederuptedspilt满分：1 分4. A contract is the only document between the parties to which they may______ for clarification （澄清）of mutual responsibilities.referofferpreferdiffer满分：1 分5. Scientists have discovered genetic variations that make peoplemore likely to get ______ on cigarettes and more prone to developlung cancer.A. retainedhookedC. tiredD. hanged满分：1 分6. The manager decided to give the job to_________he believed hada strong sense of duty.whoeverB. wheneverC. whateverD. wherever满分：1 分7. Now the committee （） seven membersA. consist ofB. is consisting ofC. is consisted ofconsists of满分：1 分8. It was suggested that this problem _________ at the next meeting.A. was discussedB. will be discussedC. have to be discussedbe discussed满分：1 分9. Recent laws have tended to______ the freedom of the press inthis country.A. exceedrestrictC. convertD. resolve满分：1 分10. Winning by a narrow ______, the Lakers now go on to play in thechampionship. .A. combatmarginC. fringeD. conquest满分：1 分11. Theories have been proposed by astronomers to ______ electricaldisturbances （干扰） in the atmosphere.apply forallow foraccount forappeal for满分：1 分12. The International Whaling Commission warns that if nothing isdone to save the whales now the species will soon be _______.A. imitatedB. intimatedC. contaminated. exterminated满分：1 分13. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)______ courage to fightagainst two thieves.A. incredibleB. resistantC. stapleD. massive满分：1 分14. If it_____tomorrow, we will stay indoors to have our trainingclass.rainsB. rainedC. will rainD. is raining满分：1 分15. We’ve worked out a method by which our production can beraised on a large （）A. quantityscaleC. qualityD. proportion满分：1 分阅读理解1.A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skindeep. One's physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman shouldalways try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group —college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers—a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do notg et on as well as women who may be less attractive.1). According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _____.a person's property or debts do not matter mucha person's outward appearance is not a critical qualificationwomen should always dress fashionablywomen should not only be attractive but also high minded满分：2 分2). The result of research carried out by social scientists show that______.people do not realize the importance of looking one's bestwomen in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellgood looking women aspire to managerial positionsattractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not 满分：2 分3). Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes ______.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deepthey do not usually act according to the views they supportthey give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratingsthey tend to base their judgment on the individual's accomplishments 满分：2 分4). "Good looks cut both ways for women"(Line 1, Para.5) means that_______.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsgood looking women always get the best of everythingbeing attractive is not always an advantage for womenattractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions满分：2 分5). It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world_____.handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellgood looks are important for women as they are for men满分：2 分1.In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air,fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe.Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, itsmass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories — the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.1). According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.a model of the universea restricted part of the universea set of rulesa reality满分：2 分2). The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is ______.Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’s cannot.Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.满分：2 分3). The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _________.to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theoriesto invent one theory to describe the whole universeto combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanicsto study the origin of the universe满分：2 分4). It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.inversely proportional to their massinversely proportional to the square of the distance between them proportional to the square of the distance between themproportional to the constitution of them满分：2 分5). According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativityNewton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanicsthe general theory of relativity and quantum mechanicsthe general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity满分：2 分完形填空1.A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the6).developed centralized realized commercialized满分：0.5 分7).usersproducers customerscitizens满分：0.5 分8).enterprises governments officials customers满分：0.5 分9).awayforasidebehind满分：0.5 分10).nettedworkedputorganized满分：0.5 分11).decreasenarrowneglectlow满分：0.5 分12).containing preventingkeeping combating满分：0.5 分13).winbeatdefeatfear满分：0.5 分14).enormousendlessnumerical numbered满分：0.5 分15).bringkeepholdtake满分：0.5 分16).withfor满分：0.5 分17).infection investment invasioninsult满分：0.5 分18).inventedguidedbuilterected满分：0.5 分19).whywherewhenhow满分：0.5 分20).concerningconcludingaccordingincluding满分：0.5 分五、主观填空题（共 4 道试题，共 8 分。