当前价值流图计算

P Updated definition of Value Stream 价值流定义

While value streams may be defined broadly at the product level (e.g., large engines), or narrowly at the process level (e.g., canopy tack weld), manufacturing sections are the basic building blocks of the value streams. CPS requires the alignment of value stream definitions with manufacturing section definitions. Individual business units establish the section structure for quality management and certification, and financial management. Section managers, formerly referred to as frontline supervisors, combine responsibilities for managing teams of production employees, and value stream, quality and financial management.

价值流包含广义上的产品级别 (比如大发动机) 或者狭义上的流程级别 (比如顶盖点焊接), 生产的各个区域/车间是基本的价值流元素。卡特彼勒生产系统结合了价值流定义与生产区域的定义。各个业务单元为管理质量、认证和财务管理建立了自己相应的区域结构。车间经理，以前叫做一线主管，既要管理生产团队，也要管理价值流，质量和财务。

Value Stream Mapping 价值流图

Cycle Time 周期时间

Cycle time is defined as a timed observation of how often a part or product is completed by a process. In other words, cycle time is the process exit rate.

周期时间定义是经过一个流程某一零件或产品完成的时间。换言之，周期时间是流程产出率。

When practical, multiple observations should be made. The lowest repeatable time should be used as observed cycle time. The operator should always be involved in determining cycle time. The observed cycle time is a measure of both value-added and non-value-added time in the process.

观察周期时间是，应当按实际的、多次的观测取值。最短的重复时间通常被用做观测的周期时间值。操作者应当参与周期时间的测算。所观察的周期时间是一个流程内增殖和非增殖时间的总和。

Measuring cycle time needs to be kept in appropriate context. If a batch of parts undergoes the same process step, then the observed cycle time applies to the full batch. The cycle time per piece is computed as observed cycle time divided by number of pieces in a batch.

我们需要在某一特拟定的环境下测量计算周期时间。如果一批次零件经过同一个流程步骤，那么观测到的周期时间为整个批次的周期时间。单件的周期时间则是总的周期时间除以这一批次零件数量。

Cycle Time Piece = Cycle Time / Batch Size 单件的周期时间=周期时间/批量规模

If multiple part numbers with comparable observed cycle times go through the same process step, calculate the weighted average (based on demand) cycle

time and record it in the process box.

如果多个件号零件也同样经过同一流程步骤，应当计加权平均周期时间（基于需

求）并记录在流程图的周期时间框位置。

Note: Record cycle time and batch size in the process box for each process step. 备注：每一道工序都应在工序的周期时间框中记录周期时间和批量规模。

Process Time 流程时间

Process time is the time it takes for all the work elements to be completed. Process time includes both value-added and non-value-added steps. The

concept of process time is closely related to cycle time. In many situations cycle time and process time are equivalent. Heat treat and paint process are typical examples when process time (floor-to-floor including load and unload) is longer than observed cycle time.

流程时间是完成所有工作要素所需要的时间。流程时间包括增殖和非增殖的所有步骤。流程时间的概念和周期时间密切相关。在很多情况下两者是同一个数值。热处

理和喷漆流程是非常典型的流程时间（从装载到卸载）明显比周期时间长的例子。Example 示例:

Heat treat process takes 180 min. Every six minutes a batch of six parts exits the heat treat furnace. 热处理流程时间是180分钟。加热炉每六分钟就完成

一批产品，每批产品6件。

Batch size = 6 pieces 批量大小=6件

Cycle Time = 6 min 周期时间=6分

Cycle Time Piece = 6 min / 6 pieces = 1 min 单件的周期时间=6分/6件=1分

Process Time = 180 min 流程时间=180分

Process time is how long the part is being worked on within the process; floor-to-floor time, including load and unload; one complete sequence of work elements. 流程时间是零件在某一流程内被处理的时间；时间间断，包括装夹和卸载的时间；是一个完整的工作要素序列。

Total Product Cycle Time 产品总周期时间

To represent the time component of the value stream, compute the total product cycle time or TCT P, which is an estimate of the time required for the product to move through a value stream at current demand levels. TCT P is a measure of the ability to meet customer demand.

产品总周期时间包含价值流所有时间元素，它是在当前需求水平下产品经过一个价

值流所需要的时间。TCTp它用来衡量满足客户需求的能力。