外研版高中英语必修二Module3导学案

高一英语外研版必修二第三模块导学案
Module 3 Music
Section 1 Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
一、学习目标
1、通过自主阅读课文，能够认识课文中的新单词与词汇。

2、通过自主翻译课文，能够掌握课文中重要句型的结构。

3、通过自主阅读课文，能够透彻理解课文内容。

二、使用要求
1、理解课文，借助工具书独立完成导学案。

2、在教师规定时间内，相互交流答案，积极展示成果。

2、书写要认真规范；教师讲解时，务必用红色笔修正答案。

预习案
Pre-reading
（一）Words：英汉互译
1.听众_____________
2. 古典音乐__________
3.作曲家_________
4.王子_______
5. 指挥______
6. 爵士乐_______
7.音乐家___________
8.管弦乐队__________
9.宫廷________ 10 .天才____________11.失去_________ 12.音乐的__________ 13.农民__________14.交响乐__________15.奥地利__________
16.symphony__________17.talent_______18.tour__________19.continue_________ 20.biography___________21.drum________22.guitar_________23.instrument__________ 24.rock______________25.teenager_______26.successful___________27.voice_________ 28.eastern_______29.concert___________ 30.impressed__________
（二）Phrases：英汉互译
1. 由……组成__________________
2.超过，多于________________
3. 作为……而出名_________________
4.把……转变成____________________
5. have a beautiful singing voice________________
6. move to_________________
7. a piece of music__________ 8. by the time__________________
9. be impressed with______________10. have talent for ____________________
Step 1 Fast Reading
Read the text on page 22 quickly and answer the following questions .
1. Choose the best title for the passage.
A. Three Great Austrian Composers
B. Three Great Child Composers
C. Three Great Composers of the Eighteenth Century
2. From the story of Haydn we may learn that _________ .
A. one can become successful even if he was a son of a peasant
B. Haydn was the most famous for his beautiful voice
C. Haydn was the first to write symphonies
D. Haydn spent most of his life in London
3. What did Mozart and Beethoven have in common ?
A. Both of their fathers were singers .
B. Both of them learned a lot from Haydn .
C. Both of them showed musical talent as a young boy .
D. They were of the same nationality .
4. Who couldn’t learn music from his father ?
A. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
B. Joseph Haydn
C. Ludwig van Beethoven
D. None of them
5. Mozart met Beethoven ______________ .
A. together with Haydn
B. later than Haydn met Beethoven
C. earlier than Haydn met Beethoven
D. in 1791
6. In which city do you think a composer will develop better ?
A. In London
B. In Salzburg
C. In Bonn
D. In Vienna
Step 2 Careful Reading
（一）Read part I and answer the questions .
1.What is Haydn known as all over the world?
2.How did Haydn change the form of symphonies?
3. How long did he work in eastern Austria?
（二）Read part 2 again and decide these sentences are true or false.
1.When Mozart was four, he learned to play the piano.( )
2. Mozart composed more than 600 pieces of music.( )
3.Mozart and Haydn were friends for ten years.( )
4.Mozart’s father was a musician and symphony conductor. ( )
(三) Read part 3 and fill in the blanks
Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany. He showed musical _______ when he was very young ,and learned to play the ______ and _______ from his father.
Then Mozart met Beethoven and was _________ by him. It was __________ who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. Beethoven became very _______ in the Austria. As he grew older, he began to go _____ . He became completely deaf during the last years of his life, but he ___________________.
探究案
Language Points
1. composer n. 作曲家，创作者（P22）
____________vt. 谱写，写作（尤指音乐或诗歌）；组成，构成
____________n. 作曲，作文
be composed of sth. ____________= ____________由……组成
compose oneself ____________
【反馈检测】
Do you know how many doctors and nurses is the medical team ________？
A．made of B．made up C．consisted of D．composed of
2.lose vt.丢失；错过；迷路；输掉；使沉溺于；专心致志于（P22）
n. ____________
短语拓展：lose face ____________
____________灰心；泄气
____________迷路
lose oneself in sth./be lost in... ____________
(be) lost in thought ____________
lose sight of ____________
____________失去理智
____________发脾气
at a loss ____________
【反馈检测】
① Linda was very upset about ____________. 琳达因为丢了工作很沮丧。

② The girl, seated herself behind me ______in thought.
A．was lost B．is losing
C．was losing D. lost
3.教材原句:Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer dad is known as “the father of the symphony”约瑟夫、海顿，是奥地利作曲家，以“交响乐之父”著称。

(P22)
此处known为形容词，表示____________ ，常用搭配有：
____________作为… 而出名
____________由于……而出名
____________为……所熟知
It is well known that… ____________
【反馈检测】
① Speaking of all the songs he has written，I think this is probably his ______one. A．better known B．well known C．best known D．most known
② It is known ______us that Lu Xun is known ______a great writer in China.
A．for；to B．to；as C．by；for D．to；for
4. By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras.莫扎特到14岁的时候，不仅已经谱写了许多管弦乐曲，还谱写了许多拨弦键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴曲。

（P23）
1）by 表示时间“到……为止”，常用于过去完成时和将来完成时中。

by the time 引导的____________从句，一般有以下几种情况：by the time＋一般过去时，主句一般用____________时。

by the time＋一般现在时，主句一般用____________或一般将来时。

【反馈检测】
① ______________________________，the train will have left.你到车站的时候，火车可能都已经走了。

② By the time he got to the airport, ____________________________ (飞机已经起飞了).
③ By the time he comes, _________________________(我就完成这幅画了)。

as well as 和……一样好，连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词的数由______的数决定。

【反馈检测】
She as well as you _____(be)a musician.
巩固案
高考链接
1. Try to ________ yourself before making a speech.
A．calm B．comfort C．compose D．fall silent
2. Tom’ team is ________55 players while Mary’ ________70 players.
A. composed of; make up
B. consisted of ; makes up of
C. made up; consists of
D. made up of; consists of
3. Beijing is well- known ________ the capital of China，while Hangzhou is famous
________ its beauty.
A．as；as B．as；for C．for；for D．for；as
4. By the time he was twelve ，he ______ a chemistry lab of his own.
A. built
B. has built
C. had built
D. was building
5. I’m sure we ________ the work by the time he comes back.
A．finish B．have finished C．will have finished D．had finished
6. Though you have failed many times, you shouldn’t_____.
A. make up your mind
B. lose your heart
C. lose heart
D. lose mind
单句改错
1.Which of the instrument do you like listening to?
2.He is the greatest composer the world had known.
3.How many pieces of music did Mozart composes?
4.He is a good musician, but he has taught me everything.
5. A ready way of lose a friend is to lend him money.
6.When I came in, he lost himself in thoughts.
5. audience n.听众（P21）
1）听众多用a large修饰；听众少用a small修饰。

2）当audience作主语时，若看作一个集体则谓语动词用，若看作个人则用
【反馈检测】
① There was ____________________ in the theatre.剧院里有很多观众/观众真少。

② The audience ______ in a variety of ways, some in suits, some in dresses, and some in jeans. A. is dressed B. are dressed C. is dressing D. are dressing
③ ______ went to the concert last night .
A. Large audiences
B. A large audience
C. The large audiences
D. Large audience
6. as well as “还有”；“不但…而且…”；“和，也，又”；“和…一样好”
as well as 强调前者，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数要根据________ 的主语而定。

may / might as well 不妨
also, too, as well, either, 作“也”讲，为副词。

下面分别讲述：
too, also, as well：都用于肯定句，表示前者怎样后者也怎样。

too 一般放在句尾，可用逗号和前面的句子隔开，也可不用；
also 其位置大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前；
as well 其位置一般放在句尾，三者可以作同义句转换；
either 用于否定句中，表示前者不……，后者也不……，其位置一般放在句尾，可用逗号和前面的句子隔开。

【反馈检测】
① They as well as he ___ ( is, are) good boys.
② E-mail, as well as telephone, ___ an important part in daily life.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
③ He is _____ saying, “I don’t want any bread, _____.”
A. too, also
B. also, too
C. either, too
D. also, either
7. After studying music in Vienna , Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria , where he became director of music. 在维也纳学习音乐之后，海顿去奥地利东部一个王子的宫廷工作。

在那里他成了音乐指挥家。

（P22）
Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful.在那里工作了30年后，海顿移居伦敦，并在那里大获成功。

（P22）
1）After studying music in Vienna和Having worked there for 30 years都是分词作状语，与主句动作同时发生时用一般式doing，先于主句动作发生用完成时having done，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，V-ing形式位于句首多作时间、条件、原因、让步状语，位于句尾多作方式、伴随、结果状语。

2) where he became director of music和where he was very successful 都是关系副词where 引导非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词eastern Austria 和London,并在从句中充当地点状语。

【反馈检测】
① Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
② _____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left
his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
8. However it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.然而，是海顿鼓励贝多芬移居维也纳的。

（P23）
It is/was +被强调部分+that /who /whom+…，是强调句型，此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语、表语和状语。

It强调句的特征是：
1）把句中的"It is/ was …that/who…”划去，所剩的正好是一个完整的句子。

2）强调句型指现在或未来的情况用It is,指过去用It was。

3）强调人时可用who 或that，如果不强调人一律用that，不可误用which, when, where 或why等。

4）强调句型的疑问句结构Is/Was it… who/that…?
5）特殊疑问词+is/was it… who/that…?
6）含not…until…结构的句子, 变为强调句时应将not until 放在is/was 后。

普通句：He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
【反馈检测】
1）It wasn’t until nearly a month later ____ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since
B. when
C. as
D. that
2）It was only with the help of the local guide _______.
A. was the mountain climber rescued
B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued
D. then the mountain climber was rescued
3）It was only when I reread his poems recently _____I began to appreciate
their beauty. A. until B. that C. then D. so
9. As he grew older , he began to go deaf. 随着年龄的增长，他的耳朵变聋了。

（P23）go deaf 聋了；变聋
go是系动词，意为“变得……”，一般表示由好的方面向不好的方面转变，后面跟形容词作表语。

不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。

go 主要用于“坏”的变化，而come主要用于“好”的变化；还表示人的生理变化和颜色方面的变化；
turn 可用于人或事物颜色的变化，后接名词(不用冠词)和数词，往往表示意想不到的变化；
become (get) 指一个人的暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化，还可指天气的变化和社会的趋势可指由好变坏；也可指由坏变好,强调变化过程的完成。

grow 逐渐变成新状态，强调过程。

【反馈检测】
① The traffic lights ______ green and I pulled away.
A. came
B. grew
C. got
D. went
② Hearing the bad news，he ________ mad.
A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has become
巩固案
1. The audience ______in a variety of ways，some in suits，some in dresses，and some in jeans. A. is dressed B．are dressed C．is dressing D．are dressing
2. The audience are raising ________ hands to show their approval.
A．their B．its C．his D．our
3. I _____ study English and Russian. A. too B. also C. either D. as well
4. Not only the children but _____ their father is in town.
A. too
B. also
C. either
D. as well
5. Having now ____ 40，he feels that his footballing career is coming to an end. A．gone B．turned C．become D．entered
6. John ______ believes that bears hibernate in winter ______.
A. also, either
B. too, as well
C. also, as well
D. as well, too
7. The foreigner can speak English, he can speak French ______.
A. neither
B. also
C. either
D. as well
8. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she __ pale（苍白的）.
A．got B．changed C．went D．appeared
9. John plays football ________，if not better than，David.
A．as well B．as well as C．so well D．so well as
10. ____ in this way, these temples look even more beautiful.
A. Being built
B. Having built
C. Having been built
D. Have been built
11. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
12. It was a pity that he ______ blind，but to the joy of his family，his dream of becoming
a musician ______ true at last.
A. came，came
B. went，went
C. came，went
D. went，came
13. It was not until 1920________regular radio broadcast began.
A. while
B. which
C. that
D. since
14. It was ____ he said ____ disappointed me.
A. what; that
B. that; that
C. what; what
D. that; what
15. Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you
B. not you
C. you
D. that yourself
16. It is____ who____ reasonable（明白道理的）.
A. me；am
B. me；is
C.I；am
D.I；is
17. ____ find my wallet，Tom？
A. Where did you that
B. Where was it you
C. Where have you
D. Where was it that you
18. It was in the factory____ produced TV sets ____our friend was murdered.
A. which；which
B. that；which
C. that；that
D. where；that
19. The old man, ____ abroad for 15 years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
20. It was in Beihai Park____ they made a date for the first time ____ the old
couple told us their love story.
A. where；that
B. that；that
C. where；when
D. that；when
Section ⅡCultural Corner 一、学习目标:
1、通过自主阅读课文，能够认识课文中的新单词与词汇。

2、通过自主翻译课文，能够掌握课文中重要句型的结构。

3、通过自主阅读课文，能够透彻理解课文内容。

二、使用要求
1、书写要认真规范；
2、教师讲解时，务必用红色笔修正答案。

预习案
Pre-reading
Words：英汉互译
1、讲师__________
2、使混合__________
3、ability________
4、graduation____________
5、leading_________
6、tradition____________
7、instrumentation_______________ Phrases：翻译成汉语
1、make/take a note of_________________
2、mix…with… ___________________
3、the Central Conservatory of Music of China_________________________________ Step 1 Fast reading
Read the text quickly and then answer the questions .
1、When was Ye Xiaogang born？
2、What type of music does he write ？
Step 2 Careful reading
（一）Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1、Ye Xiaogang began to show his music talent in___________ .
A. 1955
B. 1978
C. 1959
D. 1983
2、Why is Ye Xiaogang worth such great fame（名声）？
A. He is one of a group of Chinese composers called New Tide .
B. He combines（使结合）Chinese traditional music with western forms and instrumentation .
C. He wrote an album called Eclipse which proved a great success .
D. He has won many prizes at home and abroad .
3、After his graduation from the Central Conservatory of Music of China , he _______ .
A. began to study in the US
B. began to teach while writing symphonies
C. began to set up the Beijing music group Eclipse
D. went to Hong Kong for further study
4、From the last paragraph ,we know that ____________.
A. Ye Xiaogang leads a busy life
B. Ye Xiaogang has a music group in the US
C. Ye Xiaogang is one of the most famous composers in the world
D. Ye Xiaogang works for the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra
探究案
Language points
1.mix vt、vi (与…)掺和；混合（P29）
mixture n. 混合物
mix up 混合，掺和；混淆be / get mixed up 弄糊涂了，搞乱了
mix sb./ sth.up 混淆某人/某物mix sb./ sth. with sb. / sth. 误以为……是(……) mix…with 把……与……混合; 把……和……相结合
【反馈检测】
① Students can sometimes ______ study with pleasure.
A. join
B. mix
C. add
D. take
② The expression of a ________ of sorrow and anger on his face suggests it.
A. mix
B. mixed
C. mixing
D. mixture
③ He mixed red paint ______yellow paint to make orange paint.
A. to B．for C．with D．at
2.make a note of 记录make/take a note/notes of 记下，记录compare notes (with) 与某人交换意见take note of ＝take notice of 注意(到)；注目leave a note for sb. 给某人留个条子 a man of note 名人
note sth. down 把某事记下来be noted for 因……而出名
be noted as 作为……而出名It should be noted that… 应该注意的是……【反馈检测】
① Please______a note of what I said and if you have different opinions，______notes afterwards.
A．take；make B．compare；take C．make；compare D．make；take
② We can ______ a note of what the teacher says in class and ______ notes afterwards.
A. take; make
B. compare; take
C. make; compare
D. make; take
巩固案
1. Do you think children should learn to play musical instrument from early age? A. a; \ B. the; \ C. the; an D. a; an
2. summer goes and winter comes, time flows like water. We are grown-up now.
A. While
B. When
C. As
D. Until
3. He says was his uncle who helped him start his own company after graduation.
A. that
B. it
C. who
D. one
4. — Listen! Her voice well. — Yes, it sounds beautiful.
A. records
B. is recorded
C. is recording
D. recorded
5. As we all know, salt, when with water, dissolves quickly.
A. mixed
B. mixing
C. mix
D. is mixed
6. The 30th Olympic Games will be held in London in 2012, is a modern city in Europe. A. when B. where C. which D. that
7. — Did you catch the early bus? — No, it by the time I arrived.
A. left
B. was leaving
C. had left
D. would leave
8. his key, the boy couldn’t enter the room. He had no choice but to wait for his mother.
A. Having lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. To have lost
9. — Did you like the article I wrote? — Yes. I was very impressed it.
A. on
B. at
C. for
D. of
10. It is necessary to high school students to take part in a variety of social activities.
A. supply
B. encourage
C. influence
D. offer
11. As far as I know, it is about ten years he began to write songs in his spare time.
A. when
B. before
C. as
D. since
12. —My tooth is killing me. I can’t it.—You’d better go to see a doctor.
A. stand
B. believe
C. help
D. afford
13. Can you believe that this excellent song by a high school student?
A. composed
B. had been composed
C. compose
D. was composed
14. In China, fast food is very with everybody, especially children and young people. A. popular B. happy C. complex D. favorite
15. — I wonder if I could make a living by writing. —But are you sure?
A. No way!
B. Why not?
C. Really?
D. Cool!
16.Tom asked the candy markers if they could make the chocolate easier _____
into small pieces .
A. break
B. breaking
C. broken
D. to break
17. The ______ on his face told me that he was angry．
A．impression B．sight C．appearance D．expression
18. The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed ______ my memory. A. to B. over C. by D. on
19．Our city has experienced ________ this year as it did last year.
A．twice as much rain B．rain twice as much
C．as twice much rain D．twice rain as much
20．—Will $1,000________the cost of the trip?—I’m afraid not. Perhaps I need another $400. A．pay B．charge C．cover D．afford Section ⅢListening and Vocabulary & writing & Everyday English & Function
一、学习目标
1.通过阅读教材，掌握考纲要求的单词、短语；
二、使用要求
1、书写要认真规范；
2、教师讲解时，务必用红色笔修正答案。

预习案
（一）Words：英汉互译
1、traditional___________
2、performer__________
3、dreadful__________
4、stand_________
5、专辑__________
6、民歌_________
7、乐队___________ 8、动人的__________ 9、复杂的___________
10、影响___________ 11、（复）歌词________ 12、独奏的_______
13、曲调__________ 14、录音_________ 15、Discman_________
16、Walkman___________17、folk___________
（二）Phrases：翻译成汉语
1、folk songs_________________________
2、play a musical instrument___________
3、traditional Chinese music______________
4、rock music______________________
5、favourite performer__________________
6、if so__________________________
7、solo artist_________________________
8、split up_______________________
9、download…from…__________________
（三）Remember the following Everyday English：
1）Cool！______________________ 2）No way！__________________________
3）Really！_____________________4）Excellent！_________________________
探究案
Language Points:
1. influence v.影响,感化n．影响(力)；势力；权力(P26)
have an influence on /upon/over 对……施加影响; 对……有影响
under the influence of 受……的影响have influence over 有左右……的力量a man of great influence 很有权势的人
【反馈检测】
①Literature and art __________________________ people's ideology.
文艺对人们的思想有很大的影响。

②Overheating development(过热的发展) might have a bad ______on the national economy(经济). A．cause B．influence C．result D．factor
③That Mindy became a poet may have been due to his father’s __________.
A. advantage
B. guard
C. genius
D. influence
2.record vt.& vi.录音；记录；n. 纪录；唱片；档案；履历，经历(P27)
keep a record of 把……记录下来
break / beat / cut the record 打破纪录set (up)/ make / create a record 创造纪录hold the world record 保持世界纪录go on record 公开发表意见等make a record 制作唱片play a record 播放唱片
in record 有记录在It is recorded that... 据记录……
【反馈检测】
His newest record，digitally ______in the studio，sounded fantastic.
A．recorded B．recording C．to be recorded D．having recorded
3、Have you ever heard of the Beatles？If so ，what do you know about them ？
你听说过披头士乐队吗？如果听说过，你知道关于他们的什么事？（P26）
1）hear of 听说
2）if so为条件状语从句的省略，相当于If it is so，其中so 用来指代前面提到的内容。

If not 如果不是这样If any 如果有
If necessary 如果有必要If possible 如果可能
When（ever）possible 无论什么时候有可能
【反馈检测】
It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._________，we’d better take it to the garage immediately .
A. Otherwise （否则）
B. If not
C. But for that
D. If so
4、If the words of a song are complex ，are they easy or difficult to understand ？
如果一首歌的歌词很复杂，那么它们是容易理解还是难理解？（P26）
1）to understand 是主动表示被动。

不定式在difficult，easy，hard，comfortable，pleasant，fit，unfit，light，heavy，good，safe ，dangerous后作主语补足语且和句子的主语（宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动。

2）若“be+adj+to do ”结构中do为不及物动词时，需添加介词。

【反馈检测】
①改错This house is comfortable to live .__________________________________
巩固案
1. The singer has recorded seven_____________（专辑）.
2. His book reached an even wilder_____________（观众）.when it was filmed for television.
3. Mozart’s father Leoplod was a musician and orchestra_______________（指挥）.
4. Einstein was a mathematical _______________ （天才）.
5. I don’t want to _____________（影响）you eithe r way, so I won’t tell you my opinion.
6. He began to ____________（创作）songs at an early age.
7. She holds the world ____________（纪录）for the 100 metres.
8. _________（陷入）in thought , he didn’t notice me enter the room.
9 . Night was a _________（交响乐）of sounds.
10 She sings well and she hopes to be a ________(音乐家).
Section ⅣGrammar
一、学习目标：
通过观察例句、总结规律和实战演练，掌握when，as，while引导的时间状语从句和过去完成时的句型结构。

二、使用要求
1、书写要认真规范；
2、教师讲解时，务必用红色笔修正答案。

探究案
（一）观察例句，熟记when，as，while引导的时间状语从句的用法。

1、He was working at the table when I went in .当我进去的时候，她正在桌旁工作。

I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，这是电话铃响了。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯熄灭了。

I had just gone to sleep when there was a knock at the door.我刚入睡就有人敲门
When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性）
When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时) （持续性）
When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后）
When 引导的时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。

when常用在以下句型中：
①…was/were doing…when…（正在做…突然）
②…was/were about to do…when…（刚要做…突然）
③…was/were on the point of doing…when…(刚要做…突然)
④…had just done…when… (刚一…就)
⑤Hardly/Scarcely had…done…when…(刚一…就)
2．They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.当我正在玩电子游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。

While 引导的时间状语从句，表示“与……同时，在……期间”。

While侧重主从句动作的对比，从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。

Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary was dressed in red.珍妮穿着蓝色的衣服，而玛丽穿红色的。

while 还可以表示对比意义，意为“而；却”。

3．He sang as he was working.他一边工作一边唱歌。

As time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us.随着时间的推移，我们对自己周围的事务有了更好的理解。

As 引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候，一边……一边”“随着…”，as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。

4．I didn’t know any English before I started school. 我上学之前，一点英语都不懂I had cooked supper before my parents came back. 我父母回来之前，我就做好了晚饭。

It won’t be long before we meet again. 我们不久就能见面。

After he came out, he locked the door. 他出来后，就锁上了门。

before表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前；after表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

5．Since he came here , he has made a lot of friends.他来这里以后，已交了许多朋友。

He has been working here ever since he left university.自从大学毕业以后，他就一直在这里工作。

She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她就一直独自生活。

I have been wearing glasses since I was three.我三岁以后一直戴眼镜。

It is ten years since he smoked.他戒烟十年了
since 和ever since 引导的从句：表示“自从……以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用过去时。

主句表示动作延续的情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

如果主句表示的是时间，主句可用一般现在时，也可用现在完成时。

现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时“自从……以来”
It is /has been + 时间段+ since+…过去时“做某事有多长时间了”
（二）观察例句,总结过去完成时的用法。

1、By the end of last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English words. 到上个学期末为止我们已经学了3000 多个单词了。

过去完成时“助动词had + p.p.”构成，主要表示在过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，也可以说时“过去时间的过去”。

其被动形式为“had + been + p.p.”.
使用过去完成时态的几个典型句型:
一)主语＋过去完成时＋
①when引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）
②by短语by the time引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）
③before引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）
1．Tom was disappointed that most of the guests __________ when he __________ at the party．
A．left；had arrived B．left；arrived
C．had left；had arrived D．had left；arrived
2．When Jack arrived he learned Mary __________ for almost an hour．
A．had gone B．had set off C．had left D．had been away
3．①We __________ four thousand new words by the end of last year．
②We __________ four thousand new words by the end of this year．
A．had learned B．have learned C．learned D．will have learned
二)1. 主语＋had ＋hardly（scarcely）＋过去分词＋when（before）＋主语＋一般过去时
2.主语＋had ＋no sooner ＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过去时
3.当否定词hardly，scarcely，no sooner在句首时，主谓要倒装
①__________ got into the room，__________ the telephone rang．
A．He hardly had；then B．Hardly had he；when
C．He had not；that D．Not had he；when
三)根据上下文的时间关系来确定。

1．The police found that the house __________ and a lot of things __________ ．
A．has broken into；has been stolen B．had broken into；had been stolen
C．has been broken into；stolen D．had been broken into；stolen
2．The students __________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she __________ in the office．
A．had written；left B．were writing；has left
C．had written；had left D．were writing；had left
3．The pen I __________ I __________ is on my desk，right under my nose．
A．think；lost B．thought；had lost
C．think；had lost D．thought；have lost
4．Helen __________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband __________ home．
A．has left；comes B．left；had come
C．had left；came D．had left；would come
四)表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，用过去完成时，常用的动词有：hope，think，expect，intend，mean，suppose，want等。

They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time．他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。

五)It was ＋时间＋since ＋主语＋过去完成时
① They asked me to have a drink with them．I said that it was at least ten years since I __________ a good drink．
A．had enjoyed B．was enjoying C．enjoyed D．had been enjoying
六)主语＋过去式＋
①after引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去完成时）
②because引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去完成时）
1．After she had left the room，the telephone rang．她离开房间后，电话响了。

2．He didn't go to see the film because he had seen it因为他看了那部电影，所以没有去看。

巩固案
1. It was quiet ________ those big trucks started coming through the town.
A. before
B. after
C. until
D. unless
2. It seemed only seconds ________ the boy finished washing his face.
A. when
B. before
C. after
D. even if
3. Hardly had he reached the school gate ________ the bell rang.
A. while
B. when
C. as
D. as soon as
4.We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reached the central railway station. A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
5. I recognized you ________ I saw you at the airport.
A. the moment
B. while
C. after
D. once
6. He was about to go to bed ________ the doorbell rang.
A. while
B. as
C. before
D. when
7.________I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until
8. _____ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
A. As
B. As soon as
C. While
D. Till
9. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) ______ they saw the guard.
A. the moment
B. after
C. before
D. as
10. No sooner had I arrived home _____ it began to rain.
A. when
B. while
C. as
D. than
11. Several weeks had gone by _____ I realized the painting was missing.
A. as
B. before
C. since
D. when
12. It _____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know
B. is; will know
C. will not be ; know
D. is; know
13. –What was the party like? --Wonderful. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. since
14. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_____.
A. will arrive
B. arrives
C. is going to arrive
D. is arriving
15. _____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang.
A. He hardly had; then
B. Hardly had he; when
C. He had not; then
D. Not had he; when
16. No sooner had he finished his talk _____ he was surrounded by the workers.
A. as
B. then
C. than
D. when
17. –Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
--Yes, I gave it to her _____ I saw her.
A. while
B. the moment
C. suddenly
D. once
18. I thought her nice and honest _____ I met her.
A. first time
B. for the first time
C. the first time
D. by the first time
19. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate
20. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _____ open, the whole world cheered.
A. declared
B. have been declared
C. have declared
D. were declare。