土地资源调查与评价

广西大学课程考试试卷 （2009——2010学年度第1学期） 课程名称： 试卷类型：（A 、B ） A 命题教师签名： 教研室主任签名： 主管院长签名：
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I Cloze (30 minutes ，10 points) Directions: Fill in each blank with only one word that best fits the context. 1 The thrill of victory and the agony of defeat may be unchanged since the first Olympics, but competition sports equipment undergoes constant technological improvement. bicycles, kayaks, javelins, barbells, archery gear, or fencing swords, just to cite a few, the tools of athlete’s trade are now lighter, stronger and better designed than even a few years ago.
2 Many of the most dramatic improvements in sports equipment came the heels of World War II. Diving springboards, for example, were transformed by way of the aircraft industry when Norman Buck introduced a design in 1948 that used 300 interlocking pieces of war-surplus square aluminium tubing. The ‘Buckboard’ soon gave to designs that used even stronger and lighter aluminium alloys. By the 1960s the enhanced springiness of diving boards made possible dives at the 1-meter height that had previously been performed only at
3 meters. Today’s boards are s pringier still and provide 15 percent more lift than those of the 1960s. They also feature superior non-skid surfaces, and the light weight and resiliency of the board tip minimise injuries, especially to the head. In fact, the last two feet of the springboard now weigh less than 10 pounds.
3 Humble beginnings, perhaps, but the former head of Apple Computers, John Sculley, has predicted that the so-called multimedia industry-combining the written word with broadcast services and the film industry-will be w orth 3,500 billion dollars in just ten years’ time. The pace of change in the superhighway stakes is so quick that it has become impossible for the companies involved to predict the outcome. Everyone wants a stake in the corporate action; no one can afford to be left of the race.
4 We know it is 4.6 billion years old. We know its surface is made of oxygen, silicon and aluminium. We have sent spacecraft to analyse it. We have 400 kilograms of it stashed in laboratories on Earth. We have even left footprints it. But scientists are keen to do more. They would like to map it, measure it, build on it and observe from it. Eventrually they might even live on it. Although it is 2
5 years since we first landed on the Moon, lunar exploration has only just begun.
5 Robots today are a long way from the future envisioned for them decades ago by fiction writers and engineers alike. Robot makers still spend much of their time trying to get their creations to walk across a room without crashing into furniture, or to tell a human being a rock- -and not, for instance, worrying about the possibility that robots may one day rule the planet. Why has progress been so excruciatingly slow? One pair of researchers think they know: they say it’s because roboticists have been trying to write enormously complex robot software in the same instruction- by-instruction fashion that programmers employ to write, , spreadsheet software. And these researchers propose a solution: robot farms, on which robots mate and have children, allowing evolution to hone their skills in somewhat the same way natural selection honed ours.
6 On the other hand, he acknowledges, the beauty of the evolutionary approach--that it emerges on its own, without anyone’s having to analyze all the complexities--is also a potential stumbling block to its acceptance, especially in applications where human life is stake. The software may function perfectly well, but we won’t really understand how it works, says Jefferson. Some people might find robots like that a little too for comfort.
7 Britain could be missing out financially since it is estimated that the world market for new traffic and highway technologies will be worth up to £50 billion by 2010.
Unless there is more commitment from the government, British industry is likely to miss ,’’ says David Jeffery, chairman of Patt-UK, a trade body whose members are drawn from a wide range of industries and include GEC, BT the AA, Peek Traffic and Jaquar.
8 The biotech industry immediately hailed the government's decision as the breakthrough it had been waiting for. "This is a real shot the arm," says Roger Salquist, Calgene's chief executive officer. "It validates the company's science." Jim McCamant, editor of AgBioTech Stock Letter, agrees: "This removes the clouds and proves that agricultural biotechnology is going to make a major contribution to the food we eat over the next 20 years."
9 The gene splicers have shown no shortage of imagination. Products the pipeline include chickens that grow faster on less feed, snap peas that stay sweeter longer, bell peppers with fewer seeds and longer shelf life, pineapples that ripen more uniformly, squash and cucumbers that need less water, corn that requires fewer pesticides and herbicides, grains that have more protein, vegetable oils that are lower in saturated fat, coffee beans that have less caffeine, French fries that absorb less cooking oil and kidney beans that don't cause flatulence.
10 Behind all these products is the same basic technology. A new gene is introduced (or an existing gene is suppressed) in a tissue culture in the hope that any resulting plants or animals will gain (or lose) the trait in question. Conventional plant and animal breeders might get the same outcome, but they often have to wait for several generations to mature and reproduce, and their techniques are more hit and . In the case of Calgene's new product, scientists zeroed on a gene associated with an enzyme that makes the tomato rot. Then they reversed the effects, ensuring that the tomato stays fresher longer.
11 It was an inspired choice for Calgene's bioengineers. There is a huge gulf between the taste of fresh, garden-grown tomatoes and the tasteless, pulpy, tomato-like objects sold out of season in most U.S. supermarkets. Tomatoes don't travel ; to transport them cross-country, producers pick them while they are still green. To make matters worse, tomato middlemen often store the green tomatoes for weeks in refrigerator trucks, holding out for the best price. Then, just before they are sold, the tomatoes are with ethylene to make them red. Even so, U.S. consumers buy $4 billion worth of tomatoes each year, and they may gladly pay a premium for one that is not picked prematurely. Calgene says its tomato can stay on the vine and ripen longer than ordinary varieties and stay fresh several days longer once it's on the grocery shelf.
12 But the new tomato is also a fat target for critics of biotechnology, who believe that the controls over genetic engineering should be especially tight for anything that people ingest. Calgene submitted the Flavr Savr for FDA approval and plans to post brochures in grocery stores explaining how the tomatoes were produced through genetic engineering, even though the law doesn't require either of those actions. Nonetheless, the company finds itself the target of "tomato-squashing" protests organized by the Pure Food Campaign, a Washington-based group headed by longtime biotech opponent Jeremy ) Rifkin. "The middle class is moving the direction of organic, healthy, sustainable foods," says Rifkin. "The thing they want to hear about is gene-spliced tomatoes." Rifkin and other critics fault the FDA for not requiring producers to notify the government before they bring bioengineered foods to market.
13 Consumers will probably be more worried about a different set of issues, like how Flavr Savr will taste and whether it will be worth the high prices (up to $2.50 per lb.) that Calgene is expected to charge. Alice Waters, chef and owner of Berkeley's famous Chez Panisse restaurant, and by her own , a "big, big tomato lover," sampled a Flavr Savr and decided it "tasted like a seasonally ripe commercial tomato. Not bad," she says, but not good enough for the diners at Chez Panisse.
14 In Britain, contrast, the department of transport has been criticised by the leading developers of traffic technology systems for not providing adequate funding or support for research.
15 few, if , were successful, since mobile one- targets moving through the night are hard to find.
II English-Chinese Translation (45 minutes，70 points) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate them into Chinese.
1 We known it is 4.6 billion years old .We known its surface is made of oxygen ,silicon and aluminum .We have sent spacecraft to analyse it.We have 400 kilograms of it stashed in laboratories on Earth . We have even left footprints on it. But scientists are keen to do more. They would like to map it, measure it, build on it and observe from it. Eventually they might even live on it. Although it is 25 years since we first landed on the Moon, lunar exploration has only just begun.
2 Archery bows made from new materials are a far cry from the sleek wooden relics that were still standard less than 30 years ago. In the mid-1980s Hoyt Archery introduced the latest in a series of materials innovations, a take-apart bow with a core made of syntactic foam – a material composed of tiny glass beads embedded in a rigid foam matrix –and wrapped in layers of carbon fibers and fiberglass.
3 The two do not see this lack of scenery as a disadvantage, although purpose-built earth-sheltered buildings are usually sited into hillsides, with views from glazed fronts. To compensate, they plan to install a submarine periscope at the top of the vertical steel ladder leading to the original access hatch.
4 Behind all these products is the same basic technology. A new gene is introduced (or an existing gene is suppressed) in a tissue culture in the hope that any resulting plants or animals will gain (or lose) the trait in question. Conventional plant and animal breeders might get the same outcome, but they often have to wait for several generations to mature and reproduce, and their techniques are more hit and miss. In the case of Calgene's new product, scientists zeroed in on a gene associated with an enzyme that makes the tomato rot. Then they reversed the effects, ensuring that the tomato stays fresher longer.
5 this intervening missile has a much harder job. It must be patched in to some fort of guidance system that can spot the incoming warhead, and it much maneuvers to hit the target more or less head on. The faster the target is coming in, the less time the missile has to react. So the size of the area that a defensive missile can protect (its foot print) depends on three things: the amounts of warning it gets, the speed of the incoming missile, and its own speed.
6 our garbage project data- base on measurements of 200-plus samples from 11 landfills –reveals a very different figure, consistent from New York to California: about 10 percent, a third of the standard quote. The 30 percent figure may represent the plastics in you kitchen refuse, where two-liter plastic soda containers and other rigid plastics retain their original from and plastic bags are puffed with air. But plastic is highly crushable, and landfill are, by definition, compact.
7 Rodbell found that nature wasn’t this efficient. He discovered a third step in the process. In this example, after the receptor catches the adrenaline, it changes shape. This in turn changes the shape of next-door molecules now known as g proteins, which the old model never even suspected existed. The g proteins then activate a molecule that causes the liver to release glucose. Not everyone bought this model. Rodbell recalls frequent challenges to his conclusions at scientific meeting in the 1970s. one problem: Rodbell had only indirect evidence for g proteins. He hadn’t isolated any.
III Chinese - English Translation (15 minutes，10 points)
Directions: Read the following phrases or sentences carefully and then translate them into English.
1 麦迪，按他的话说，伤得比姚明还重。

2 中国共产党是一个政治性团体
3 显然，月球是一个行星
4 重组后的长安汽车将成为同类汽车的佼佼者
5 广西大学占地4千5百市亩左右
6 智能团
7 压力集团
8 信息高速公路
9 填埋场
10 社会认知
IV writing (30 minutes，10 points)
Direction: try to write some scientific facts of about 100 words on the greenhouse effect using your imagination, to cite a few examples, what is the greenhouse effect, what is the Cause and effect for the effect, and what are the ways to control it?。