126413-基础英语-研究生读写译-unit_4
研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit4
Unit4 无子女家庭：亘古生息的反叛1二十好几的凯茜、韦恩夫妇结婚已有五年之久，膝下犹虚。
上次凯茜娘家有一个人问：“你们打算什么时候要孩子?”她答道：“我们就是孩子!”2凯茜与韦恩属于一代人数日益增长、决定不要孩子的年轻已婚夫妇群体。
最近一项调查显示在过去的五年中，年龄在25至29岁之间妇女不愿生养的百分比几乎翻了一番，在18至24岁的已婚妇女中几乎增至三倍。
在这个似乎大胆反抗生物性和社会性的决定后面隐藏着什么原因呢?3或许最能公开坦陈心曲的无子女夫妇是《婴儿陷阱》一书的作者：埃伦，派克，其夫威廉，一位广告总经理兼全国不生养夫妇协会主席。
派克夫妇认为他们和协会均无意反对生儿育女，不过是反对迫使人们传宗接代的社会压力，它无视人们是否殷切盼望和真的需要孩子或者根本不好此道。
4“这是一种生活方式的选择，”埃伦说，“我们选择自由和自愿，清净和闲暇。
这也是一个朝哪个方向付出努力的问题——在你自己的小家庭之内或在一个大的社团之中。
这一代人面临有关地球生命延续的严重问题以及生命质量的问题。
我们的孙男孙女也许将购票去观赏最后一批红松林或排队去获取氧气配给。
有人抱怨在回家见五个孩子的途中被交通堵塞困住好几个小时，但是他们不能将孩子与交通堵塞联系起来。
在一个受到人口过剩一系列后果威胁的世界上，我们正在参与一项事业使膝下无子的生活模式为社会所接受并受世人尊重。
太多的孩子作为一种文化强制的后果而呱呱坠地，离婚和虐待儿童的相关统计充分揭露了这一结果。
”5埃伦的丈夫补充说：“每位朋友、亲戚、同事不停地给你施加压力，劝你要孩子，说什么‘发现你生活中失去的东西’。
好多好多人很晚才发现，所谓他们失去的东西其实是他们完全不适合做的事情。
”6埃伦还说：“从抱第一个洋娃娃开始，大到欣赏电视肥皂剧，成年后参加鸡尾酒会，无形之中，总有一种压力要你为人父母。
但是让我们来看看养育失败的比率吧，或许天下父母应该视为像当医生一样的专门职业。
有些人擅长此道，他们应当生养孩子；有些人一窍不通，他们应该认为他们还有其他的选择。
研究生英语综合Unit Four爱和情感联系原文及翻译
研究生英语综合Unit Four爱和情感联系原文及翻译Love and Emotional Connection in Graduate English Comprehensive Unit FourLove and emotional connection are universal themes that have been explored and celebrated in literature, music, and art for centuries. In "Unit Four: Love and Emotional Connection" of the Graduate English Comprehensive course, we delve into the original text and its translation, examining various perspectives on these profound human experiences. This article aims to analyze the content of the original text and its translation, without the use of headings or subheadings, in order to present a comprehensive discussion on the topic.The original text in Unit Four discusses the numerous facets of love and emotional connection, shedding light on different cultural and historical contexts. It emphasizes the importance of these emotions in fostering relationships and forming bonds between individuals. The translation, although faithfully capturing the essence of the original text, presents the ideas and concepts in a manner more accessible to English-speaking students.The texts in Unit Four provide readers with a wide range of examples and case studies that illustrate the complexities of love and emotional connection. Through these examples, we come to understand that love is not a uniform experience. It can manifest in various forms, such as filial love, romantic love, or even the love for humanity as a whole. These differentforms of love demonstrate the depth and breadth of human emotions and the intricate connections that tie individuals together.Furthermore, the original text delves into the concept of emotional connection, highlighting its significance in fostering empathy and understanding between individuals. It explores the notion that emotional connection goes beyond superficial interactions and requires a deeper level of emotional engagement. The translation conveys this message effectively, encouraging readers to develop a broader perspective on love and emotional connections.The texts in Unit Four also explore the impact of technology on love and emotional connections in contemporary society. With the emergence of social media platforms and online dating apps, the nature of relationships has undergone significant changes. The original text raises thought-provoking questions about the authenticity of virtual connections and the potential challenges they pose to the development of genuine emotional bonds. The translation adeptly captures these concerns, provoking readers to reflect on the consequences of technology on their own relationships.Moreover, the original text prompts readers to contemplate the role of love and emotional connection in the pursuit of personal fulfillment and happiness. It challenges conventional notions of success and urges individuals to prioritize emotional well-being over material wealth. The translation successfully conveys these ideas, inspiring readers to reevaluate their own values and priorities in life.In conclusion, the original text and its translation in Unit Four of the Graduate English Comprehensive course provide a thought-provokingexploration of love and emotional connection. Through the analysis of various examples, the texts emphasize the diverse nature of love and the profound impact of emotional connection. They also delve into the complexities of love in the digital age and its implications for genuine human connections. Ultimately, the texts encourage readers to reflect on their own experiences and perspectives on love and emotional connection, promoting personal growth and understanding.。
研究生英语教程unit 4 reading practice全文翻译
Unit4当经济变化抢占头条时，亚洲人口结构的变化至少同样深刻。
近期一篇由哈佛大学经济学家杰弗里·威廉姆森与联邦储备银行的马修·希金斯合著的文章中指出，这种人口奇迹基本上可能完全解释经济奇迹。
一篇由夏威夷大学的安德鲁·曼森与伯克利加利福尼亚大学的罗纳德·李、蒂莫西·米勒合著的文章支持这一观点。
各方经济学家都在争论，在正确的控制下，人口改变的间接结果能否刺激亚洲经济增长直至下个世纪。
当国家变得富强时，它们都将经历一个“人口过渡”时期，在此期间，发展迅速的医疗条件和高生育率将造成人口迅速的增长。
30年前亚洲大部分国家都是这种情况。
然而最终，生育率迅速下降，人口增速放缓。
这导致了人口结构概况由金字塔形（婴幼儿很多而老人很少）转变为中式灯笼形（最年轻的和最老的人很少而居中的人很多）。
对于经济而言，中年人多是好事。
它意味着大多数人口都处于适合工作的年龄段，并且“抚养比例”很低。
在西方，人口过渡期持续了一个多世纪。
但在东南亚，它只持续了短短一代人。
例如1965年，泰国女性平均拥有6个孩子，而现在只有不到三个。
非常类似的事情也发生在日本，然后是新加坡、中国台湾省、南韩和印尼。
同时，这些国家有着最强劲的经济发展速度。
而这不是巧合。
在威廉姆森早期的著作中，他估计每人每年仅靠人口年龄结构调整这一点，就能提供1.5%的GDP增长。
但并不能仅仅因为高增长率就把这一部分作为区域典型。
经济增长同样受到了高涨的存款和投资的刺激。
而这部分增长是否令人惊喜的受到人口的影响，也是各方经济学家争论的话题。
上世纪70年代早期以前，东南亚的少儿抚养负担处于高峰，那里的存款率很低。
只有等抚养负担率降低时，存款率才升高。
马萨·威廉姆森和希金斯认为，人口同样可以说明那里的本土和外来资本投资模式。
他们认为少儿抚养负担降低后，处于工作年龄段的人能存储收入中更多的部分。
结果是，他们希望亚洲国家能像日本那样，可以由资本进口国转变为资本出口国。
研究生英语阅读教程基础版第三版课后翻译Lesson1-4
Lesson 11.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx.There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh...that their long-term future must be considered...very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a conditionparallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated-and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。
当代研究生英语读写教程上Unit4课文翻译
Unit 4THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH01In the middle of the sixteenth century, English was spoken by between four and five millions of people, and stood fifth among the European languages, with French, German, Italian, and Spanish ahead of it in that order, and Russian following. Two hundred years later, Italian had dropped behind but Russian had gone ahead, so that English was still in fifth place. By the end of the Eighteenth Century English began to move forward, and by the middle of the nineteenth it had forced its way into first place. Today it is so far in the lead that it is probably spoken by as many people as the next two languages—Russian and German combined.在16世纪中叶，有四五百万人说英语，说英语的人数在欧洲的语言中名列第五。
前四位依次是法语、德语、意大利语和西班牙语。
俄语排在英语之后。
两百年以后，意大利语排名落后，而俄语的排名靠前了，英语依然处于第五位。
到了18世纪末，英语的地位开始上升。
到19世纪中叶，英语已经跻身于第一位了。
今天，英语的地位遥遥领先，说英语的人数可能达到说后两种语言，即俄语和德语人数的总和。
研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 4 Key
第四单元参考答案1.1 Pre-reading Qs:1) The method section is the most important aspect of a research paper because itprovides the information by which the validity of a study is ultimately judged.Therefore, the researcher must provide a clear and precise description of how an experiment is to be carried out, and the rationale for the specific experimental procedures chosen. It must be written with enough information so that: (1) the experiment could be repeated by others to evaluate whether the results are reproducible, and (2) the readers can judge whether the results and conclusions are valid.2)overview of the research / experiment, population / subjects, research location,materials, procedure, variables, sampling techniques, statistical treatment, possible restrictions3)When describing actions and situations that happened in the past, or telling astory and expressing actions that follow each other in a story, we normally use the simple past tense. Different tenses can be used depending on reference to the past or recurring present events. To sum up, the majority of verbs are in the past; other forms can also be used if there is a good reason for doing so. Active voice means that if the subject of a sentence performs the action, then the verb used to express this meaning is active. If the subject receives the action of the verb, then the verb is passive. Passive voice is normally used if the agent is arbitrary, not known, or not important, and sometimes “by …”is omitted. In this reading passage, a past passive structure is predominant.1.3.2·Students’ questionnaire include d five sections with 23 questions:1) demographic information2)importance of English in college and professional careers3)perceived language skill needs and problems4)the activities needed in a freshman language course, and5)suggestions for development of course content and materials as well asdemographic information.·The faculty questionnaire consisted of four sections with l6 questions, which are parallel to those in the version given to the students except that no demographic information was gathered.Research aim:A Study of perceptions of English Needs in a Medical Context Questionnaire One: The questionnaire given to the medical students consisted of five sections with 23 questions, the topics of which were importance of English in college and professional careers, perceived language skill needs and problems, activities needed in a freshman language course, and suggestions for development of course content and materials as well as demographic information.Questionnaire Two: The faculty questionnaire consisted of four sections with l6 questions, which were parallel to those in the version given to the students except that no demographic information was gathered.Research restrictions:The questionnaires were piloted, and modified according to the feedback from l0 respondents: six medical students and four faculty members.One of the authors, a faculty member at Chung Shan Medical College, selected one required class for each group of students (freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors). (The population size is not big enough and the sampling technique is not so clear.)2.1.12.1.2 A poison ivy infection is considered by some to be humorous. But it is not funny at all. A rash that has the intensity of a fresh mosquito bite and lasts for several days is caused by contact with the plant. Poison ivy infection has been studied by scientists for centuries, but no preventive pill or inoculation has been found. The poisonous substance in the plant is called urushiol. After the skin is touched by urushiol, the exposed area will soon be covered by blisters and weeping sores.2.2: The following sentences describe a process of making paper. Use sequentialwords and rewrite them into a cohesive paragraph.Firstly, the logs are placed in the shredder. Then they are cut into small chips which are mixed with water and acid. After that, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp which is cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. Later, it is passed through rollers to flatten it. Then sheets of wet paper are produced. Finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.3.1 Read the following sentences. They are all taken from method sections fromdifferent research articles. In each case, determine which information element is represented.1. subjects2. material3. procedure4.overview5. statistical treatment6. procedure and material7. sampling8. research location3.2 Completing sentences1) The questionnaire was administered.2) completed the questionnaire.3) Background information about these participants is presented in Table 2.4) The mean age of the participants was approximately 29 years old.5) the year of working experience was six on the average.3.3Reordering sentences1c 2 e 3 d 4 f 5g 6 b 7 I 8 a 9h3.4 Rewriting sentences(1) Table 2 shows the number of students per level and their Ll languagebackgrounds represented.(2) Two questionnaires administered respectively to the personnel officers andbusiness employees show a similar result in terms of their perception of the use of English in their firm.(3) The scores of the two raters were averaged and entered for statistical analysis.(4) The model used in the experiment was a modified version of the 2009 Testpackage, originally developed by the Morrison Research Institute.(5) Gray (1998) studied the effectiveness of the new schedule, using scores on theStanford Achievement Test as the measure.(6) After the teacher explained the directions, the students began to write.( place modifiers so that they clearly modify what they are intended to modify ) (7) Students achieved better results, although the schedule was in effect for only 1year. (Put the main idea in the main clause )(8) After putting the assignment on the board, the teacher found by checking theroll that three students were absent. (Too many and s )(9) Because many school administrators seem interested in making only simple andinexpensive changes, they have been overly receptive to simplistic solutions.( avoid inserting long modifiers between the subject and the verb )(10) Many people are reluctant to install solar energy systems because of the largecapital investment required. ( avoid using subordinate clauses that modify other subordinate clauses )3.5 Turning notes into a passageA taste test was conducted to determine students’preferences and attitudes toward sugar-sweetened and artificially-sweetened beverages. Ten people, five male students and five female students, from Science English class 1 were chosen at random to participate in the test. The materials used were thirty straws, two cups, one blindfold, and two containers of Kool-Aid, a popular drink in the United States. One container held four cups of orange Kool-Aid sweetened with one half cup of sugar. The other container held four cups of orange Kool-aid sweetened with 9 packets of Nutrasweet brand artificial sweetener.The steps included in the test were as follows. Ten volunteer students were chosen, five male students and five female students. They were placed into two lines, one for the males and the other for the females. Alternately, men and women completed the taste test. To complete the test a blindfold was first fastened over the eyes of the tester so that he/she could not see. Then the two cups were filled with beverage, one with artificially-sweetened Kool-Aid and the other with sugar-sweetened Kool-Aid. The tester was then asked three questions from a survey and the answers were tabulated. Next, using a straw, the tester took a sip from each cup. Then the final two questions on the survey were asked and the answers tabulated. Finally, the remaining drink was thrown away, and the next tester came forward to repeat the process.4. Writing Project(Omitted)。
研究生英语精读Unit4课后答案+课文翻译
Unit4II. Vocabulary StudyI.l.Physical 2 accumulation 3. diversity 4. precipitated 5. muscular6. pathological7. symptomatic8. vigorous9. psychologically 10. Anxiety1l. restored 12. refreshedII.l. manifestation 2. resume 3. precipitate 4. consequence 5. diverse6. a skimpy7. taxing8. prolong9. overlooked l0. vigor11. enhanced l2. relapseIII. (略)lV. Translationl. I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment from a day's sedentary job.2. Exercising and relaxing yourse1f is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable you become to physical and psychoIogica1 problems.4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did litt1e but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of 1abor-saving devices and convenient transportation.Key to Supplementary ReadingsA 1. A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.AB 1. T 2.F 3. F 4.T 5.T 6.F参考译文论三种疲劳简·布罗迪1 疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲戚经常抱怨的问题之一。
研究生英语系列教材上unit4 原文翻译
The following text is extracted from Marriages and Families by Nijole V.Benokraitis.下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。
The book has been used as a textbook for sociology courses and women's studies in a number of universities in the United States.此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材，It highlights important contemporary changes in society and the family它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化，and explores the choices that are available to family members,探索了家庭成员所面临的选择，as well as the constraints that many of us do not recognize.以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。
It examines the diversity of American families today,该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性，using cross-cultural and multicultural comparisons运用跨文化和多元文化的比较，to encourage creative thinking about the many critical issues that confront the family of the twenty-first century.以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。
LOVE AND LOVING RELATIONSHIPS爱和情感连系Nijole V.Benokraitis奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯Love — as both an emotion and a behavior — is essential for human survival.爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。
研究生学位英语课文及翻译-Unit Four
Textual Selection1、When, at the beginning of The Iliad/伊利亚特/-and Western literature-King Agamemnon steals Achilles' slave-girl/奴隶女人/, Briseis, the king tells the world's greatest warrior/战士勇士/ that he is doing so "to let you know that I am more powerful than you, and to teach others not to bandy words with me/跟我犟嘴/ openly defy/不服从，公然反抗/ their king"'. But literary scholar/文学家/ Jonathan Gottschall believes that the true focus of Homer's epic is not royal authority/皇家权威/, but royal genes/皇家基因，皇家遗传/.2、Gottschall is one of a group of researchers/研究团队/, calling themselves literary Darwinists/文学达尔文主义者/, devoted to studying literature/文学/ using the concepts/概念/ of evolutionary/演化，进化/ biology and the empirical/以实验为依据的/, quantitative/量化的/ methods of the sciences. "Women in Homer/荷马史诗/ are not a proxy/代理人/ for status/显赫的地位/ and honour; says Gottschall. "At bottom/事实上/, the men in the stories are motivated/驱使/ by reproductive concerns/繁衍后代/. Every Homeric raid involves/荷马式的袭击/ killing the men and abducting/抢夺/ the women:' The violent world of the epics史诗中的残暴世界/, he says, reflects a society where men fought for scarce mates/少数的配偶/ and chieftains/首领/ had access to as many women as slaves/奴隶/ and concubines/宫女/. And he thinks that everything written/文学撰述/ since Homer is open to similar analysis.3、Literary Darwinism is a mode of analysis; it's also a bit of/一些，少许/ a crusade/运动/, an attempt/试图/ to shake up/撼动/ literary criticism/文学评论/. "Literary theory requires a theory of human nature/人性本质/, because literature is shaped/形状/ by human motives/动机/ and cognitive biases/认知偏见/; says Joseph Carroll of the University of Missour/密苏里/, St Louis. The problem, say the literary Darwinists/文学达尔文主义者/, is that for the past few decades/过去几十年/ the humanities/人类，人性/ have, in the case of/如果发生/ critics/评论，批评/ deconstructing texts/解构文本时/, denied/否定了/ the need for a theory of human nature, asserting/坚持/ that the study of texts can be concerned/不安的/ with nothing outside those texts. Or else/要不/ they have been stuck on theories of human nature that are rooted in/使根深蒂固/ the subjective/主观的/ and the social.4、Those influenced by Freudianism/洛伊德主义/, for example, might read a novel looking for hints/暗示提示/ of a child's sexual desire/性欲/ for its parent. A Marxist/马克思主义者/ would seek out economic and class/阶级/ conflicts/冲突/. Carroll has no truck with/不理/ this: "The theories up to/胜任/ this point have all had a little bit of the truth, but have also all been fundamentally/基本/ flawed/瑕疵/; he says. "None comes to terms with/对某事妥协/ the fundamental facts/基本事实/ of human evolution."5、Literary darwinists believe that literature/文学/ reflects a universal/普遍一般/ human nature shaped by natural selection, and as a result/作为结果/, read texts in terms of /依据/animal concerns/关系/ such as mate choice/配偶选择/, relations between kin/亲属关系/, and social hierarchies/社会阶级/. Such a scientistic approach/方法，途径/ can meet with hostility/敌对/. "At one meeting of the Modern Languages Association/协会/, someone stood up and called me a proto-fascist/原始的法西斯/; says Nancy Easterlin, an expert in Romantic literature/罗马语系专家/ at the University of New Orleans/新奥尔良/, Louisiana.///伊丝特琳利用认知学的一些观点来分析华尔华滋（William Wordsworth ）《前奏》（the Prelude ）的母子关系。
126419-基础英语-研究生读写译-unit_six__translation_
前线上的人类学家肯•斯提尔至少在外行眼里，学术会议的气氛理当属于非常沉稳的那种，美国人类学协会（AAA）的年会通常也不例外。
但最近在华盛顿召开的本届年会却完全是一次吵闹的聚会，其激烈和失控程度为越战以来所仅见，越战期间协会分歧巨大，一些人类学家曾因自觉不自觉鼓动暴力镇压起义而遭抨击，而本届年会除了严词责骂之外，还有人威胁说要对某些人类学同行点名批判、严厉谴责，甚至将之开除出协会。
之所以群情激愤是因为一些人类学家协作参与了美国政府的反恐战争，这个群体人数不多，但却有增加之势。
两年前，中央情报局（CIA）便开始悄悄招募社会科学家，他们在学术期刊上做广告，报出高达四十万美元的丰厚年薪。
而在过去的几个月里，五角大楼更是将与象牙塔的合作关系提到了一个新的水平。
今年九月份，美国政府将一项名为“人类地形小组”的小规模实验性项目全面铺开为一项涉及金额达四千万美元的庞大计划，在伊拉克和阿富汗所有二十六个野战旅中均安插由四至五名成员组成的学者小组，学者中包括人类学家，社会学家和心理学家。
虽然现在还为时尚早，无法对这些新组建的田野队伍的表现进行公允评价，但也初步传出了一些令人鼓舞的消息。
据报道，在阿富汗，第四野战旅受到的攻击下降了百分之六十到七十，而俘获的塔利班以及联合参战的巴基斯坦人和阿拉伯人则大幅度上升，这些变化均发生在人类学顾问提出建议之后——正是他们建议将工作对象的重点由村庄长老转为当地的阿拉。
据说，一名阿拉在应邀为美军基地旁的一座修复好的清真寺祈福后非常感动，马上便答应录制反塔利班的广播宣传节目。
来自北卡罗莱纳大学的印度尼西亚专家詹姆斯•皮科克说，“这听上去好得难以置信，可以肯定此事还有其他的方方面面未予报道，但其中的原则的确也合乎逻辑，即谁说了算谁便是你要打交道的对象”。
詹姆斯曾负责美国人类学协会的一个临时委员会的工作，专门研究该行业在国家安全事务中的参与情况。
在经历应对伊拉克占领问题时的严重失误之后，这种新的合作表明军方对文化的重要性有了新的认识。
研究生英语系列教材上unit4 原文翻译
The following text is extracted from Marriages and Families by Nijole V.Benokraitis.下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。
The book has been used as a textbook for sociology courses and women's studies in a number of universities in the United States.此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材，It highlights important contemporary changes in society and the family它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化，and explores the choices that are available to family members,探索了家庭成员所面临的选择，as well as the constraints that many of us do not recognize.以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。
It examines the diversity of American families today,该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性，using cross-cultural and multicultural comparisons运用跨文化和多元文化的比较，to encourage creative thinking about the many critical issues that confront the family of the twenty-first century.以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。
LOVE AND LOVING RELATIONSHIPS爱和情感连系Nijole V.Benokraitis奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯Love — as both an emotion and a behavior — is essential for human survival.爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。
研究生精读Unit4_研究生入学考试_高等教育_教育专区.docx
第六册第四单元选词填空P811)It is neither socially nor economically ____ that every city dweller owns a2)The seventeen miners who have been _____ underground for three days are said to be unlikely to survive.3)Joe doesn't seem interested in any academic liberal arts subjects, but _____ sports, he is the pride of the class.4)Although Vm so successful Pm really rather a failure. Thafs a ______ , isn，tit? 5)Schools should _____ t he hopes and needs of poorer children, giving thema chance in society.6)This new book will be of interest to policemen and prison officers, and ____ to anyone who has to deal with criminals.7)The work is not very profitable _______ money, but Fm getting valuable experience out of it8)She is still working on it despite all the adversities. I _________ admire her indomitable spirit9)Each sales team targets its efforts at a particular _________ of the general population.10)The authors point out that their study was done in a _____ area and results may differ with urban clients.11)This factory only produces TV consoles; the inside electronic _______ are made elsewhere and shipped to the factory.12)Concerned about overcrowding, the Texas prison wardens sent a petition to the governor asking for prison ____ •13)Never feel that exercising is a waste of time, because a healthy body can help you to ____ disease.14)The death of the king received widespread overage in the ________ • 15) The unusual ___ of the bookshelves in the city library makes it easy to find the book you want.16) Dick remains calm and ____ undisturbed by the recent crisis.第六册第四单元完型填空的译文P84In the 1970s, the aspirations for self-fulfillment of millions of Americans split away from the traditional symbols of success. 20世纪70年代，千千万万美国人追求自我实现，这完全脱离了传统的成功标志。
研究生学术英语写作教程Unit4Key
研究生学术英语写作教程Unit4Key第四单元参考答案1.1 Pre-reading Qs:1) The method section is the most important aspect of a research paper because itprovides the information by which the validity of a study is ultimately judged.Therefore, the researcher must provide a clear and precise description of how an experiment is to be carried out, and the rationale for the specific experimental procedures chosen. It must be written with enough information so that: (1) the experiment could be repeated by others to evaluate whether the results are reproducible, and (2) the readers can judge whether the results and conclusions are valid.2)overview of the research / experiment, population / subjects, research location,materials, procedure, variables, sampling techniques, statistical treatment, possible restrictions3)When describing actions and situations that happened in the past, or telling astory and expressing actions that follow each other in a story, we normally use the simple past tense. Different tenses can be used depending on reference to the past or recurring present events. To sum up, the majority of verbs are in the past; other forms can also be used if there is a good reason for doing so. Active voice means that if the subject of a sentence performs the action, then the verb used to express this meaning is active. If the subject receives the action of the verb, then the verb is passive. Passive voice is normally used if the agent is arbitrary, not known,or not important, and sometimes “by …”is omitted. In this reading passage, a past passive structure is predominant.1.3.2·Students’ questionnaire include d five sections with 23 questions:1) demographic information2)importance of English in college and professional careers3)perceived language skill needs and problems4)the activities needed in a freshman language course, and5)suggestions for development of course content and materials as well asdemographic information.·The faculty questionnaire consisted of four sections with l6 questions, which are parallel to those in the version given to the students except that no demographic information was gathered.Research aim:A Study of perceptions of English Needs in a Medical Context Questionnaire One: The questionnaire given to the medical students consisted of five sections with 23 questions, the topics of which were importance of English in college andprofessional careers, perceived language skill needs and problems, activities needed in a freshman language course, and suggestions for development of course content and materials as well as demographic information.Questionnaire Two: The faculty questionnaire consisted of four sections with l6 questions, which were parallel to those in the version given to the students except that no demographic information was gathered.Research restrictions:The questionnaires were piloted, and modified according to the feedback from l0 respondents: six medical students and four faculty members.One of the authors, a faculty member at Chung Shan Medical College, selected one required class for each group of students (freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors). (The population size is not big enough and the sampling technique is not so clear.)2.1.12.1.2 A poison ivy infection is considered by some to be humorous. But it is not funny at all. A rash that has the intensity of a fresh mosquito bite and lasts for several days is caused by contact with the plant. Poison ivy infection has been studied by scientists for centuries, but no preventive pill or inoculation hasbeen found. The poisonous substance in the plant is called urushiol. After the skin is touched by urushiol, the exposed area will soon be covered by blisters and weeping sores.2.2: The following sentences describe a process of making paper. Use sequentialwords and rewrite them into a cohesive paragraph.Firstly, the logs are placed in the shredder. Then they are cut into small chips which are mixed with water and acid. After that, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp which is cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. Later, it is passed through rollers to flatten it. Then sheets of wet paper are produced. Finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.3.1 Read the following sentences. They are all taken from method sections fromdifferent research articles. In each case, determine which information element is represented.1. subjects2. material3. procedure4.overview5. statistical treatment6. procedure and material7. sampling8. research location3.2 Completing sentences1) The questionnaire was administered.2) completed the questionnaire.3) Background information about these participants is presented in Table 2.4) The mean age of the participants was approximately 29 years old.5) the year of working experience was six on the average.3.3Reordering sentences1c 2 e 3 d 4 f 5g 6 b 7 I 8 a 9h3.4 Rewriting sentences(1) Table 2 shows the number of students per level and their Ll languagebackgrounds represented.(2) Two questionnaires administered respectively to the personnel officers andbusiness employees show a similar result in terms of their perception of the use of English in their firm.(3) The scores of the two raters were averaged and entered for statistical analysis.(4) The model used in the experiment was a modified version of the 2009 Testpackage, originally developed by the Morrison Research Institute.(5) Gray (1998) studied the effectiveness of the new schedule, using scores on theStanford Achievement Test as the measure.(6) After the teacher explained the directions, the students began to write.( place modifiers so that they clearly modify what they are intended to modify ) (7) Students achieved better results, although the schedule was in effect for only 1year. (Put the main idea in the main clause )(8) After putting the assignment on the board, the teacher found by checking theroll that three students were absent. (Too many and s )(9) Because many school administrators seem interested in making only simple andinexpensive changes, they have been overly receptive to simplistic solutions.( avoid inserting long modifiers between the subject and the verb )(10) Many people are reluctant to install solar energy systems because of the largecapital investment required. ( avoid using subordinate clauses that modify other subordinate clauses )3.5 Turning notes into a passageA taste test was conducted to determine students’preferences and attitudes toward sugar-sweetened and artificially-sweetened beverages. Ten people, five male students and five female students, from Science English class 1 were chosen at random to participate in the test. The materials used were thirty straws, two cups, one blindfold, and two containers of Kool-Aid, a popular drink in the United States. One container held four cups of orange Kool-Aid sweetened with one half cup of sugar. The other container held four cups of orange Kool-aid sweetened with 9 packets of Nutrasweet brand artificial sweetener.The steps included in the test were as follows. Ten volunteer students were chosen, five male students and five female students. They were placed into two lines, one for the males and the other for the females. Alternately, men and women completed the taste test. To complete the test a blindfold was first fastened over the eyes of the tester so that he/she could not see. Then the two cups were filled with beverage, one withartificially-sweetened Kool-Aid and the other with sugar-sweetened Kool-Aid. The tester was then asked three questions from a survey and the answers were tabulated. Next, using a straw, the tester took a sip from each cup. Then the final two questions on the survey were asked and the answers tabulated. Finally, the remaining drink was thrown away, and the next tester came forward to repeat the process.4. Writing Project(Omitted)。
126420-基础英语-研究生读写译-研究生英语读写译第二版1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。
）各单元练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination 10 divergeC1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling SPEAKING: Open.TRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
研究生英语Unit4 Love and loving relationship
7 Love, especially long-term love, has nothing in common with the images of love or frenzied sex that we get from Hollywood, television, and romance novels. Because of these images, many people believe a variety of myths about love. These misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectations, stereotypes, and disillusionment. In fact, "real" love is closer to what one author called "stirring-the-oatmeal love" (Johnson, 1985). This type of love is neither exciting nor thrilling but is relatively mundane and unromantic. It means paying bills, putting out the garbage, scrubbing toilet bowls, being up all night with a sick baby, and performing myriad other "oatmeal" tasks that are not very sexy.
10 Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic liaisons by selecting certain neighborhoods and schools. In early adolescence, pear norms influence the adolescent's decisions about acceptable romantic involvements ("You want to date who?!"). Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal and group practices and expectations shape romantic experience. Although romance may cross cultural or ethnic borders, criticism and approval teach us what is acceptable romantic behavior and with whom. One might "lust" for someone, but these yearnings will not lead most of us to "fall in love" if there are strong cultural or group bans.
研究生英语课文翻译第四单元
4.空间的文化模式琼〃Y〃格雷格1. 不同的文化对空间有着不同的感觉。
西方许多国家对空间的意识是基于对物体在空间的感觉，而不是对空间本身的感觉。
西方人对形状和维度的感觉，就是空间是一种光线、颜色、视觉和触觉的领域。
本杰明〃沃尔夫在他的经典著作《语言、思维和现实》中，就用下面的解释来说明西方人为什么会以这种方式来感觉空间。
西方的思维和语言主要源于以拉丁语为母语的古罗马文化，而这是一种基于实际和经验的体系。
一般来说，西方文化已经采用古罗马人的思维模式，把客观“实体”视为主观或者内在经验的基础。
一直到这种在知性上不成熟的古罗马文化受到希腊文化抽象思维的影响的时候，拉丁语才发展出一套意义重大的词汇—抽象的非空间术语。
但是空间意识和具体化的古罗马—拉丁成分已经在西方思维和语言模式中保存了下来，尽管也继承了希腊人的抽象思维和表达能力。
2.然而，有些文化语言系统朝着相反的方向发展，就是从一套抽象、主观的词汇发展到一套更为具体的词汇。
例如，沃尔夫告诉我们，在霍皮语中，“心”这个字，是一个具体的术语，可它是在先有了“思维”和“记忆”这种抽象术语之后才形成的。
同样地，尽管在西方人，特别是美国人看来，客观的、有形的“实体”一定要先于主观的或者内在经验，但实际上，许多亚洲和非欧洲文化把内在经验看成是对有形的实体感觉的基础。
因此，虽然美国人被教导在空间中感知物体的排列和做出反应，会认为除非空间中充满物体，否则就是“被浪费了”，而日本人却被训练为对空间本身赋予意义，对“空旷”的空间赋予价值。
例如，在许多日本艺术中，像绘画、园林设计、插花艺术等，布局的主要特性是日本人称之为美的精髓的“素雅(shibumi)”。
一幅画包罗万象，而不是留有空间，这体现不出美的精髓。
日本艺人常常画笔一刷，就呈现出一片天空；或者用一条简单的轮廓线条绘出远处的一座山峰。
然而，在西方人的眼中，画中的大片“空旷”的空间使画显得还缺了点什么东西。
3. 东西方不仅仅是在空间模式上存有差异。
研究生英语第四单元课文翻译
成功1 一个出身卑微的年轻人从中西部来到纽约寻求发迹，他梦想以美国人特有的方式成为百万富翁，于是，他就在华尔街上碰运气。
他勤勉而精明，有时又不得不狡诈，他综合世界各地商人的经商之道，用非法的电子手段收购其他公司。
他连做梦也没想到会如此成功：他赚了1200万美元。
2 起初，这位年轻人认为一切进展顺利，在他显然已赚到1200万美元时，他忙问妻子，“难道不是很了不起吗?”3 “算不了什么，”妻子说，“你只是个无足轻重的小人物。
”4 “这怎么可能呢?”年轻人说，“我成了富翁。
我们生活在崇拜富翁的时代：报纸上经常刊登富翁与影星、小说名家以及服装设计大师的合影；盗用公司钱财的大富豪们的鼎鼎大名连中小学生都人人皆知；而发了横财的房地产骗子们的头像经常出现在印刷精美的杂志的封面上。
”5 “可你不会，”妻子说，“你还是无名小辈。
”6 “可我有1200万元，”年轻人说。
7 “有1200万的人多着呢，”妻子回答，“他们也一样默默无闻。
”8 “我可以用钱铺路，使我们成为重要的慈善舞会委员会的成员，”年轻人说，“然后，报纸就会在专栏中报道我们。
”9 “甭自我欺骗了，”妻子说，“重要的委员会里真正的富翁多的是。
我们钱这么少最终只能举办晚宴舞会之类的小型活动，给美国银屑病基金会捐点小钱。
”10 “可我在纽约第五大街上拥有一套公寓房，它价值200万美元，”年轻人说。
11 “说实话，200万美元一套的公寓房一毛钱可以买一打，”妻子说。
12 “我还拥有一辆加长型豪华轿车，”年轻人说，“它长达21.5英尺。
”13 “没哪个名人乘坐过你的车，”妻子说，“国务卿亨利•基辛格以及服装设计大师卡尔文•克莱恩听都没听说过，你是小人物一个。
”14 年轻人沉默了片刻，最后问妻子，“我让你失望了吗?”15 “你当然令我失望，”她回答说，“当初你向我求婚时，说自己将来定会有番作为。
我哪里知道你还是个无名之辈?”16年轻人一时显得很沮丧，然后，他挺了挺胸，清了清嗓子，说，“我会引人瞩目的。
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Unit 3 The Future of Books
Umberto Eco ,the most brilliant and influential scholar and intellectual examines the destiny of the books and libraries in the Internet era from the new perspective.
types: private library, public library, national library, congress library, mobile library Materials for writing: tortoise-shells, bamboo slips, papyruses, vellum
The man who doesn’t read good books has no advantage over the man who can’t read them. (Mark Twain)
The man reading bad books is no better than the man without the opportunity to read good books.
Sayings about books
The books we read should be chosen with great care, that they may be, as an Egyptian king wrote over his library, “The medicines of the soul.” （Paxton Hood） We should be careful to choose good books to read. Just as the medicine doctors gives us can cure the disease, good books may refine our mind. What we become depends on what we read after all of the professors have finished with us. The greatest university of all is a collection of books. (Thomas Carlyle) What we read in our spare time determines our future. The great fame of the university depends on how many books it has.
Battles erupt between printed books and ebooks.
What to learn?
※Umberto Eco (his identity and books) ※spot great ideas in the text ----3 kinds of memories ----functions of the libraries in the western’s eyes. ----relationship between Internet technology and the ways of storage of knowledge ----physical disappearance of books ?
His identity
born Jan. 5, 1932, Alessandria, Italy
﹟with the best education, military experience, many intellectual identities: professor, semiotician(符号学家), philosopher, aesthetician, novelist, translator, the most famous public intellectual in Europe ﹟ received a Ph.D. from the University of Turin in 1954 with his dissertation The Aesthetic Problems of St. Thomas Aquinas ﹟ cultural editor for Italian Radio-Television and also lectured at the University of Turin from 1956 to 1964 ﹟ military service from 1958-1959 ﹟ taught in Florence and Milan and finally, in 1971, assumed a professorial post at the University of Bologna ﹟ understands 6 languages, writes and speaks in English ﹟ lectures in the first-class universities in the world, such as Harvard and Yale
It was made into a film in 1986, starring Sean
Connery and Christian Slater and directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud.
More Books
Study of the text
Libraries: the brain of a university, a city, a province, a country
Books...are like lobster shells, we surround ourselves with ‘em, then we grow out of ’em and leave ‘em behind, as evidence of our earlier stages of development. (Dorothy L. Sayers) As lobsters grow, the old shells fall off and new shells appear. We young people bury ourselves with books in a series of schools. When we develop our own way of thinking, we are independent of books.
Eco and China
travelled to Urumqi in 1993 participated in a seminar in Beijing in 2007 (anecdote: he was very impatient with so many questions raised by Chinese journalists.)
Umberto Eco and roses are inseparable!
Umberto Eco(1932-)
a world renowned novelist, medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, literary critic and professor .
His great name is associated with The Name ver film
poster for the
The Name of the The Name RofothseeRose is a murder mystery set in an
Set in Italy in the Middle Ages, this is not only a narrative of a murder investigation in a monastery in 1327, but also a chronicle of the 14th century religious wars, a history of monastic orders, and a compendium of heretical movements. It’s a best-selling and long-selling novel. It has been translated into 35 languages and more than 16,000,000 copies have been sold.
Books are the quietest and most constant of friends; they are the most accessible and wisest of counsellors, and the most patient of teachers. (Charles W. Eliot) Books are silent but the everlasting friend; we can obtain great wisdom by consulting whatever books ;they teach us in a patient way
Italian monastery in the year 1327. First published in
Italian in 1980 under the title Il nome della rosa, it