so that such that too to enough

so… that, too…to和enough toso…that, too…to和enough to都是初中英语教材中的重要结构，在一定条件下它们可以相互转换，并经常成为中考考查的热点之一。

先请看下面两道中考试题：1. He is old enough to go to school.He is __________ __________ that __________ __________ go to school.2. She was so weak that she couldn’t ta ke care of her baby.She was __________ weak __________ take care of her baby.（答案：1. so old; he can 2. too; to）那么在什么情况下三者可以相互转换呢？一、so…that与too…to的转换当that引导的从句为否定式且从句主语与主句的主语相同时，so…that可转换为too…to结构；若从句主语与主句的主语不相同时，so…that可转换为too…for sb to结构。

例如：She is s o young that she can’t go to school. ＝She is too young to go to school.The box is so heavy that he can’t carry it. ＝The box is too heavy for him to carry二、so…that与enough to的转换1. 当that引导的从句为肯定式时，若从句主语与主句主语相同时，so…that可转换为enough to结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，so…that可转换为enough for sb to结构。

例如：Xiao Lin is so old that he can go to school. ＝Xiao Lin is old enough to go to school.The box is so light that he can carry it. ＝The box is light enough for him to carry.2. 当that引导的从句为否定式时，若从句主语与主句主语相同时，so…that可转换为enough to的否定结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，so…that可转换为enough for sb to的否定结构。

同时要注意，转换后的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。

例如：The man is so old that he can’t go to work. ＝The man isn’t young enough to go to work.The desk is so heavy that I can’t move it. ＝The desk isn’t light enough for me to move.三、enough to的句式为否定式时，enough to可以转换为too…to结构。

转换后的too…to结构中的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。

例如：He is not old enough to do the work. ＝He is too young to do the work.The problem is too difficult for me to work out. ＝The problem isn’t easy enough for me to work out.so与such用法都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，但用法不同。

1. so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。

它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。

so的词序为：so+ adj. + a（an）+ n.such的词序为：such +a（an）+adj. + n.它们可以表达同样的意思，因此它们可以进行同义改写。

so nice a coat =such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套so interesting a book = such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书补给站：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so.如：such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花such clever children 如此聪明的孩子但是，复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little等表示数量的词修饰时，只能用so而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。

如：so many books 这么多书so few people 这么少的人so much money 那么多的钱so little milk 那么少的牛奶需要提醒的是，little还可作为“小”的意思，这个时候仍然用such。

I have never seen such little sheep before.2. 和“that”连用时，意思基本一样，但句型结构不同。

“so…that…”句型结构为：so + adj. （adv.）+that…so + adj. +a（an）+单数n. +that…so +many（few）+复数n. +that…so +much（little）+不可数n. +that…如：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 这本书如此有趣，我已经看了三遍。

He spoke so fast that we couldn‘t understand him. 他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。

It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气很热，谁都不想干活。

There were so many people that we could hardly move on. 这么多人，我们简直无法继续往前走。

“such…that…”句型结构为：such + a （an）+adj. +单数n. +that…such + adj. +复数n. +that…such +adj. +不可数n. +that…She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her. 她是个很可爱的小姑娘，大家都喜欢她。

They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two. 这么可口的蛋糕，我还想再吃两块。

It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 这么香的牛奶，我们都想喝。

补给站：由于so 和such后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。

如上文中：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 可改写成：This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times.It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 可改写成：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.4. 当so…that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，可与be…enough to do替换；当为否定句时，可与too…to…或be not+该形容词的反义词enough to do替换。

He is so young that he can’t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.3. so与that可以直接构成词组“so that”，引导目的状语从句，表示“以便、”的意思。

从句中常用can/could/will/should等情态动词。

如：He worked hard so that he could pass the exams. 为了能通过考试，他学习很认真。

（但such 没有这种用法）练习( ) 1. She was ____ well dressed that she attracted everyone’s attention at the party.A. soB. quiteC. tooD. very( ) 2. When the fire broke out, many people were so _______ that they ran _______.A. frightening; wildB. frightened; wildC. frightened; wildlyD. frightening; wildly（失去控制地）( ) 3. It was _________ music that I lost myself in it.A. such a beautifulB. so beautiful aC. so beautifulD. such beautiful( ) 4. We arrived ______ late that there were no seats left.A. muchB. tooC. soD. very( ) 5. I like the pop star _______ that I never miss his concert.A. very muchB. too muchC. quite muchD. so much( ) 6. The music in the supermarket sounded so ______ that I wanted to leave at once.A. softB. wonderfulC. friendlyD. noisy( ) 7. Curing sick people is _______ important _______ doctors must be careful.A. too; toB. so; thatC. enough; toD. such; that( ) 8. The question is _______ that nobody can answer it.A. very hardB. too difficultC. strange enoughD. so strange( ) 9. That film was so _______ that most of the audience(观众) kept screaming in fear（惊恐地）while watching it last night.A.excitingB. frighteningC. boringD. amazing( ) 10. This is _______ difficult problem that few students can work it out.A. soB. so aC. suchD. such a( ) 11. The doctors in ORBIS have done _______ an important job _______ the patients are all grateful to them.n. 奥比斯（一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的国际性慈善机构），orbis在拉丁文中有“眼睛”的意思。