Book 5_U3_重点词汇讲解

重点词汇讲解

1.on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面，常用来引出两种不同的观点，重点常在后一种观点。

1) On the one hand I'd like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.一方面我希望得到报酬高的工作，但另一方面我又很喜欢手头这件工作。

2) I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.

我想出去吃，可（另一方面）我又该努力省钱。

2.on one’s/the way to something/ doing something 快要，将(close to doing something)

1) I’m well on the way to completing the report. 我就快把报告写好了。

2) More changes are on the way.更多的变化就要发生了。

3.to be cloned successfully from an adult cell 动词不定式的被动结构作定语，修饰名词词组the first mammal，此处也可用不定式的完成被动式，或直接用过去分词。

1) Dolly was the first mammal to have been cloned from an adult cell.

＝She was the first mammal to be cloned successful from an adult cell.（译文同上。）

＝Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. （译文同上。）

多莉羊是用成体细胞克隆的第一头哺乳动物。

注意：此处之所以三者可以互换，是由于被修饰的名词（mammal）前带有序数词the first的缘故。

2) The first textbook to be published / to have been published / published for teaching English in China appeared in the late 19th century.

为在中国教授英语而出版的的一本教科书出现在19世纪末期。

下文中“（Line 32）…stem cells to be used in medical research”，此处划线的动词不定式作定语，表示“将……”，不可象上例中那样改写。试比较：

a bridge to be built over the river 即将兴建的桥（将来）

a bridge built over the river 3 years ago 建于3年前的桥（过去，已经）

a bridge being built 正在新建的桥（正在）

4. consider doing something 考虑（打算）做某事。后面常常用“ing”形式。例如：

1) I considered changing my job. 我曾经想换个工作。

2) The Chinese government is seriously considering bidding to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

中国政府正在认真考虑申办2018年世界杯足球赛。

这些动词常见的有：admit（承认）, appreciate（欣赏，感谢）, avoid（避免）, consider（考虑，打算）, delay（推迟）, dislike（讨厌）, enjoy（喜欢）, escape（逃脱）, feel like（想要）, finish, forgive（宽恕，原谅）, can’t help（忍不住）, imagine（设想，想象）, involves（涉及，包括）, (not) mind（介意）, miss（逃脱，避免）, practice（训练）, prevent, resist（抵制）, risk（冒险）, suggest, etc. 例如：

3) Can you imagine settling on the moon someday?

你能想象有一天能住到月球上去吗？

4) The operation involves putting a small tube into the patient’s heart.

这个手术包括把一根小导管植入病人的心脏。

另外，consider还可以是“认为（是）”的意思，常用复合宾语结构：

5) I consider it a great honour to be invited. 承蒙邀请我倍感荣幸。

6) They considered themselves (to be) Europeans. 他们认为自己是欧洲人。

5. intention

(1) 后面常用动词不定式做表语或定语。类似用法的词还有：aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等。例如：

1) His aim is to create new tissues and organs. 他的目的是造出新的（人体）组织和器官。

2) Your mistake was not to write that letter. 你的错是没有写那封信。

(2) with the intention of 带着（怀着）……的意图，为了，例如：

3) He decided to find a host family with the intention of improving his English.