Unit 1 International Trade Terms (Part III)
国际贸易术语精选全文
Free on Board(…named port of shipment) 船上交货 （…指定装运港）
计价单位
Price per Measurement terms
unit
unit
贸易术语
单价金额 计量单位
Price= cost+ expense+ profit 价格=成本+费用+利润
HKD USD
国国际际货物货物贸易价格表述
贸易价格 表述
30.00 PER CARTON FOB vessel SHANGHAI incoterms®2010
的D组的结构及其贸易术语的含义改动较
大，但是没有对INCOTERMS 2000 中的E组
、F组和C组的结构及其贸易术语含义进行 大的修改。
Section Three Six Main Trade Terms in Incoterms 2010
In international trade, of 11 trade terms, FOB, CFR, CIF, FCA, CPT AND CIP are the most important.
1. sea and inland waterway transportation,
2. any mode or multimode of transportation
Section One Components of Trade Terms
1)Types of Currency 计价货币 2) Price Per Unit 单位价格 3) Measurement Unit 计价数量单位 4) Trade Terms 贸易术语
英语版国际贸易合同5篇
英语版国际贸易合同5篇篇1International Trade ContractThis contract is made on [Date] between [Company Name 1, Country 1] and [Company Name 2, Country 2], hereinafter referred to as the “Seller” and the “Buyer” respectively.1. Contract Commodity and SpecificationThe Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to purchase the following commodity: [Describe the product in detail, including name, quantity, specifications, and other necessary information].2. Terms of DeliveryDelivery shall be made on or before [Date of Delivery] from the port of [Port of Origin] to the port of [Port of Destination]. Any delay shall be notified to the Buyer by the Seller in writing at least [Number of Days] days prior to the agreed date of delivery.3. Price and PaymentThe total price for the contracted commodity shall be [Total Price in Currency]. The Buyer shall make payment within [Payment Term] upon receipt of the invoice from the Seller.4. Quality and Inspection5. Insurance and Risk Transfer6. Delay and Force Majeure7. Warranty and Claims8. Contract Amendment and TerminationThis contract may be modified or terminated only by mutual consent in writing signed by both parties or in accordance with relevant laws and regulations applicable under either party’s country’s law.9. Disputes SettlementFailure to agree on such place, each party may request arbitration at its own country’s arbitration institution located in its capital city respectively.If any party fails to perform its contractual obligations, such failure may be considered as a breach of contract underapplicable laws and regulations, subject to compensation for losses incurred by non-breaching party.If such dispute cannot be settled through negotiation or arbitration, it may be submitted to court in accordance with applicable laws and regulations under either party’s country’s law.Both parties agree that this contract shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with laws applicable under either party’s country’s law, except otherwise stipulated by applicable international trade agreements or conventions to which both parties are parties.The language of this contract is English and shall be deemed valid whether signed by parties orally or confirmed by any party’s representative or other documents with equivalent legal effect.Upon execution in duplicate originals; each party retains one original copy for record purposes only..篇2国际贸易合同（International Trade Contract）本合同由以下双方签订：买方（Buyer）：___________卖方（Seller）：___________鉴于买方和卖方同意按照本合同规定的条款进行国际贸易，双方特此达成如下协议：一、商品与数量（Commodity and Quantity）1. 卖方同意向买方提供以下商品：___________ （商品名称、规格、数量等详细信息）。
Unit One International Trade
1.3 Dire Forecast for the Global Economy and World Trade
经济报刊常用词和术语
1 capital flow 资金流动 2 the projections are among the most dire in a litany of recent gloomy prognostications for the world economy ,在对世界经济冗 长的悲观预测中，最可怕的是对未来形势的估计。 in a litany : a long boring account of a series of events,reasons. 3 prognostication: telling sth. in advance 4 economy will eke out growth of 0.9 percent.世界经济增长勉强维持 在0.9%。 eke out :manage to make 5 the International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织
Unit One International Trade 1.1 Oil Price Decline Shrinks Trade Deficit
一、Key Concepts and Terms ecomomic globalization 全球经济一体化 export trade 出口贸易 import trade 进口贸易 trade deficit贸易逆差 trade surplus 贸易顺差 tariff 关税 protective tariff 保护性关税 revenue tariff 财政收入性关税 GATT 关贸总协定 WTO 世界贸易组织
capital goods资本货物 Doha round 多哈回合 political will 政治意愿 key WTO ambassadors 世贸组织的主要代表们 an uncertain period of trade 不定期贸易 trade imbalance 贸易失衡，贸易差额 producer price index 生产者价格指数 credit default index 信贷违约交换 in volume terms 按出口数量计算 in value terms 按出口值计算
国贸专业英语课后答案2012版
国贸专业英语（第二版）课后习题答案Unit 1 International Trade TheoriesII. 1.c 2.g 3.e 4.k 5.a 6.f 7.h 8.b 9.i 10.o 11.L 12.m 13.p 14.q 15.nV. 1.Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries.2.International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources-whether labor ,technology ,or capital-more efficiently.3.Multinational firms, as opposed to local ones ,undertake their business operations on a global basis.4.For recent years ,China has registered fast and sustained growth in foreign trade volumes.5.Give a globalized world market,firms find themselves in fierce competition with domestic and foreign players.II. 1.b 2.d 3.q 4.a 5.g 6.e 7.c 8.m 9.h 10.o 11.l 12.p 13.j 14.k 15.rV. 1.The import policy is directed at the acquisition of capital goods that embody the modern technology needed to develop China’s economy.2.Many economist argue that free trade will enhance the economic growth and increase the living standard.3.International trade continues to be dominated by advanced industrialized countries the trade volume of which accounts for over half of the world’s total.4.Since the implementation of reforms and opening up policy ,especially after its accession to the WTO ,China has achieved remarkable growth in foreign trade.5.Economists have been engaged in the research on the theoretical and practical issues arising from the expansion of international business.II. 1.p 2.g 3.h 4.b 5.e 6.q 7.a 8.i 9.j 10.c 11.n 12.m 13.d 14.l 15.fV. 1.After the Second World War, there emerged various forms of cross business activities such as trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment and technology transfer, etc.2.In the absence of exchange reserves or credit ,or the possibility of negotiating another type of agreement ,the only alternative is barter.3.Before entering into a licensing agreement ,the licensor should have a thorough knowledge of the laws and regulations concerning the intellectual property rights in the licensee’s country.4.Increasingly, firms are obtaining more profits by introducing products in foreign and their domestic markets as they move toward greater globalization of their operations.5.There is no question that high returns on overseas investments are a major motive for multinational companies to engage in foreign direct investment.II. 1.f 2.h 3.a 4.i 5.b 6.g 7.d 8.k 9.n 10.p 11.m 12.o 13.e 14.c 15.qV. 1.Chrysler auto company should declare bankruptcy rather than ask the government for help.2.The project is the key to the factory for its survival and development.3.The agreement can be considered by America a vote of confidence for Russia's economy.4.The surgeon of emergency room was so busy that he had only time to bolt down a sandwich.5.More specifically, they questioned whether the United States really exported capital-intensive items in exchange for labor-intensive products.II. 1.b 2.q 3.h 4.a 5.i 6.c 7.j 8.k 9.f 10.l 11.p 12.m 13.n 14.d 15.eV. 1.For many years there has been an agreement among nations against imposing quotas unilaterally on goods.2.A projective tariff is intended to artificially inflate prices of imports and “project” domestic industries from foreign competition.ernment procurement policies are also trade barriers because they usually favor domestic manufactures and severely restrict purchases of imported goods by government agencies.4.Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers.5.Customs and other administrative formalities involve a variety of government policies and procedures that either discriminate against imports or favor exports.II. 1.f 2.a 3.m 4.b 5.g 6.d 7.e 8.i 9.n 10.j 11.h 12.k 13.c 14.l 15.oV. 1.Environmentalists argue that if issues such as global warming and protection of the rain forests are not brought into the equation, commercial goals will win out and environment will suffer.2.Unconditional MFN status came in 2000 ,paying the way for WTO membership.3.To the dismay of the US, the panel decided that Japan had not violated WTO rules,as there had been no connection between government action and Japan’s market structure.4.All countries enjoy a recognized right to safeguard national interests ,but this principle ,as well as the interpretation of WTO rules themselves,is subject to considerable latitude in interpretation.5.A country found to be in breach of trade rules by a panel may appeal to the Appellate Body.II. 1.g 2.j 3.h 4.f 5. d 6. e 7. n. 8.a 9.l 10. o 11.i 12.c 13.k 14 p 15.m V. 1.Low- income countries generally did not want to add new topics ,and this conference just reached an agreement for establishing a working group to take on these issues.2. They formed an alliance in Cancun, the alliance took the fight to the Axis powers in Europe and America for the first time.3. To the chagrin of high-income countries , India ,China ,Cuba, Pakistan and Zimbabwe try to link these issues with the obligations of rather than rights of foreign investors.4. Environmental provisions allow a country to restrict imports from other countries without a clear environmental standards, then in this regard, the environmental provisions are in as much as the labor provisions.5. In Cancun, the EU is in the face of strong opposition from G22, a new alliance of low-income countries, for EU's proposal of cancellation of the terms of investment and competition.Unit 8 IncotermsII. 1 .c 2 g 3 o 4 f 5 b 6 k 7 e 8 i9 l 10 d 11 a 12 h 13 j14 p 15 nV. 1 The buyer will assume all costs and risks and make arrangements associated with the transport of the goods, and must make payment according to the contract terms.2 If other modes of transport are involved ,these terms do not apply, even if one of the legs of the journey is by ship.3 In a CFR contract, the sellers has the usual FOB obligations, and after the vessel is loaded the seller is absolved from liability for damage to the cargo.4 The seller’s responsibility for costs and risks of loss will end when the rail car or truck trailer is loaded, or in the case of sea or air transport, when the goods are delivered to the carrier for loading.5 Normally the buyer will make arrangements for further transportation, though the contract might specify that the seller will make such arrangements.II. 1 d 2 g 3i 4 b 5 j 6 a 7 e 8 f 9 h 10 c 11 n 12 k 13 m 14 l15 oV. 1 It would be impractical to attempt to acknowledge individually those many who have given us aid and advice.2 National currencies always have advantage over private currencies.3 The factory was shut down for lack of funds.4 It’s management that’s at fault rather than the workforce.5 Such behavior may result in the executive being asked to leave.Unit10 Contract and OffersII. 1 d 2 f 3 p 4 j 5 h 6 g 7 a 8 c 9 e 10i 11 b 12 k 13 n 14 o 15l V. 1 The company may prefer to submit quotes in the form of a pro-forma invoice for ease of administration as the pro-forma details can be simply transferred to a commercial invoice when the order is placed.2 Once the quotation has been submitted to the buyer, the exporter is committed to fulfilling all the terms contained within the document should an order be placed on the strength of it.3 The buyer, understandably, pointed out that the contract had been agreed and that the exporter was bound to its terms.4 Difficulties may arise when the purchasing company also includes its standard terms and conditions and tries to the gain the upper hand.5. The exporter is advised to prepare some standard terms and conditions of sale that can be incorporated into the documentation in addition to the specific terms of the contract.II. 1.i 2.g 3.f 4.o 5.h 6.e 7.d 8.b 9.m 10.a 11.k 12.n 13.cV. 1.The letter of credit is the bank instrument that assures the seller of payment if he makes the agreed upon shipment.2. Payment shall be available by draft drawn under L/C payable not longer than 90 days after presentation of documents to the negotiating bank of the L/C, together with an interest of 8.5% perannum for buyer’s account.3. Payment by a prime banker’s irrevocable, transferable L/C, confirmed by a first-class bank in the key currency country, covering full value of the contracted goods, in favor of seller, available by draft at sight for 100% invoice value, accompanied with the following documents.4. We have today instructed our bank to open in your favor a confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit with partial shipment and transshipment allowed, available by draft at sight, against surrendering the full set of shipping documents to the negotiating bank.5. This method is for the seller to draw on the buyer for the purchase price on D/P basis.6. The importer, when he wants to open an L/C to cover the purchase from abroad, may apply to his banker for a letter of credit for any amount.7. Y our order was confirmed by our fax of March 15, subject to arrival of credit within 15 days from the date.II. 1i 2.q 3.j 4.p 5.l 6.e 7.o 8.n 9.b 10.c 11.h 12.d 13.a 14.m 15.kV. 1.The Brown Bank in London is in a position to open letters of credit in Renminbi against our sales confirmation or contract.2.Y ou must be aware that an irrevocable L/C gives the exporter the additional protection of banker's guarantee.3.A documentary credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the seller whereby the bank promises to pay a beneficiary against presentation of documents relating to the dispatch of goods.4.The documentary requirements are designated by the buyer in his bank application for the letter of credit.5.We have drawn on you at 60 days' sight a draft for $90,000, under the credit No.450 of June 6, in favor of the Tokyo Bank.6.The expiry date of the credit being May 31, we request that you will arrange with your banker to extend it up to June 10, amending the said credit.7.After the bank pays the sight draft presented by the seller, it advises the buyer that the documents have been successfully negotiated and the buyer should pay the bank in accordance with his bank application.II. 1. d 2.j 3.i 4.l 5. p 6.e 7.g 8. o 9.m 10.k 11.c 12 a 13.h 14.b 15.fV. 1. Although freight forwarders charge for their services, they do at least have well-established international distribution networks that can be utilized cost-effectively, efficiently and with minimum involvement from the importer or exporter.2. There are many numbers of ways in which businesses can see their profitability eroded by lost or damaged goods.3. Companies make use of insurance brokers to insure the shipment during transport and customs brokers to clear the goods through customs on arrival.4. The deposit was refunded on leaving the country providing that it could be proven that the nature and value of the consignment remained unchanged.5. It is within the forwarder’s remit to ensure that goods are properly packaged and marked for transport and that appropriate documentation is prepared to facilitate shipment.。
chapter1国际结算
Contents
• Chapter 1 International Trade and Practice • Chapter 2 Introduction to International Settlement • Chapter 3 Instruments • Chapter 4 Remittance • Chapter 5 Collection • Chapter 6 Letter of Credit • Chapter 7 Documents
• Exchange of goods and services from one country to another. • two issues----goods and services.
Is it different from domestic trade?
• International trade is in principle not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. • The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade.
More risks
◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆
信用风险(credit 信用风险(credit risk) 商业风险（ 商业风险（business risk) 价格风险(price 价格风险(price risk) 汇兑风险(exchange 汇兑风险(exchange risk) 运输风险(transportation 运输风险(transportation risk) 政治风险(political 政治风险(political risk)
国际贸易实务第一章ppt课件
第一篇 国际贸易术语
Part 1 International Trade Terms
国际贸易术语是用来表示国际货物买卖的交 货条件和价格构成因素的专门用语。
了解国际贸易中各种现行的贸易术语及其相 关的国际贸易惯例，不仅有利于正确约定交 货条件和合理确定成交价格，还有利于在履 约过程中正确运用和解释贸易术语，避免或 减少争端，按国际贸易惯例行事，以维护国 际贸易的正常秩序。
(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1990)
《1990年美国对外贸易定义修订本》（简称 《美国对外贸易定义》是由美国几个商业团体 制定的。
1919年，《美国出口 报价及其缩写条例》 在纽约制定
1941年，美国第27届 全国对外贸易会议上 对该条例做了修订
19
《2010通则》和《2000通则》所包含的贸易术语
《2000通则》（共13种）
《2010通则》（共11种）
EXW（工厂交货） FCA（货交承运人） FAS（装运港船边交货） FOB（装运港船上交货） CFR（成本加运费） CIF（成本、保险费加运费） CPT（运费付至指定目的地） CIP（运费、保险费付至指定目的地） DAF（边境交货） DES（目的港船上交货） DEQ（目的港码头交货） DDU（未完税交货） DDP（完税后交货）
国际贸易术语International Trade terms
国际贸易术语International Trade termsⅠ贸易术语及国贸易际惯例(trade terms and international customary practices)国际贸易术语的含义及作用有关贸易术语的国际惯例１、The definition of Trade Terms（贸易术语的定义）:The trade terms refer to using a brief English concept or abbreviation to indicate the formation of the unit price and determine the responsibilities, expenses and risks borne by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods.2、International customary practices (国际贸易惯例)Warsaw-----Oxford Rules 1932 《华沙牛津公约》Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 《1941美国对外贸易修订本》International Rules For the Interpretation of Trade Terms《国际贸易术语解释通则》Ⅱ常用的贸易术语FOB (Free on Board,…named port of shipment)船上交货(…指定装运港)CFR (Cost and Freight，…named port of destination)成本加运费(……指定目的港)CIF (Cost，Insurance and Freight，…named port of destination)成本加保险费、运费(……指定目的港)FOB, Free on Board (…Named port of Shipment) 指定装运港船上交货：It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver the goods when they have passed over the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all expenses and risks of or damage to the goods from that point.CFR (Cost and Freight，…named port of destination)成本加运费(……指定目的港) It means that the seller shall undertake the cost and freight necessary to carry the goods to the named port of destination, but the risks of, losses of, or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, are transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the port of shipment．CIF (Cost，Insurance and Freight，…named port of destination)成本加保险费、运费(……指定目的港)It means that the seller has the obligation to procuremarine insurance against the risks of, losses of, ordamage to the goods during the carriageMode of transportation(运输方式)The formation of the unit price(价格构成The place of delivery/risk transfer（交货地点/风险转移点）Responsibilities, expenses and risks borne by two parties（双方责任、费用和风险的划分）1.The mode of transportation (运输方式)Suitable for sea or inland waterway transport2.The formation of the unit price(价格构成)FOB: Cost(成本)CFR: Cost and Freight(成本和运费)CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight(成本和运费和保险费)3.The place of delivery /risk transfer (交货地点和风险转移点)On the ship’s ra il at the named port of shipmen(在装运港的船舷)4.The expenses and responsibilities borne by two parties (双方费用、风险和责任的划分)FOBThe seller Deliver the goods on board the vessel交货Obtain export license获得出口许可证Provide documents for the buyer and ask for payment 交单议付The buyer Contract for the carriage of the goods 租船订舱Obtain import licenseCover cargo insurance 投保Pay the price and take delivery of the goodsCFRThe seller Contract for the carriage of the goods at his own expensesOn usual term 通常条件By the usual route 惯常航线In the proper vessel 适合的船舶Usual freight正常运费the buyer Contract for the carriage of the goods 租船订舱Obtain import licenseCover cargo insurance 投保Pay the price and take delivery of the goodsAdditional Freight额外运费CIFThe seller Contract for the carriage of the goodsCover cargo insurance on behalf of the buyerMinimum insurance(F.P.A) 最低险别the buyer Contract for the carriage of the goods 租船订舱Obtain import licenseCover cargo insurance 投保Pay the price and take delivery of the goodsadditional insurance premium额外保险费★CIF1.The expenses and risks are separated (风险和费用分离)2.CIF term is document transaction 单据交易(Symbolic delivery) 象征性交货The selle r fulfills his duty of delivering goods against the documentsThe buyer shall pay the price against the documentsⅢ货交承运人的三个贸易术语1)FCA(Free Carrier,…named place) 货交承运人(…… 指定地点)2)CIP(Carriage insurance Paid to，…named place of destination)运费、保险费付至(……指定目的地)。
国际贸易实务(英)教案
教案课程名称国际贸易实务（英）授课学期2016-2017第二学期授课教师YLL ______________ 教学单位_________教务处制教学重点、难点I.Reasons For International Trade1.Resource reas ons2.Econo mic reas ons3.Political reas onsII.Benefit of International Trade1.Cheaper goods2.Greater variety when goods come from more countries3.Wider market with increasing number of trading partners4.Growth of economyIII.Problems in International Trade1.Trade restricti ons2.Cultural Problems3.Mon etary con versi on1. Trade restrictionsdiversified economy protect their vital in dustriesinfant in dustry un fair competiti on domestic jobsmaintain bala nee of trade and bala nee of payme ntpure political reas on2) Kinds of restrictions("Tariffs (tariff barriers)Import duty and Export dutyImport surtax : Countervailing duty ,anti-dumping duty, variable levySpecific duty授课内容Chapter 2 Terms of delivery 课时安排4To acquire the basic kno wledge of terms To know how to use the termsMaster the defi niti on of 13 trade terms. Know the differe nee and same among them（各种贸易术语的含义及使用中注意的问题 ，在装运港交货的三种常用术语的变形，相邻或相似术语之间的异同对比 ）1. Review for Chapter 12. Case study 1 23. Lear ning Focus Group E: EXWGroup F: FCA FAS FOB Group C: CFR CIF CPT CIP Group D: DAS DES DEQ DDU DDP各组贸易术语总结E 组术语（启运术语，Departure ）F 组术语（主运费未付术语， Ma in Carriage Un paid ）C 组术语（主运费已付术语， Ma in Carriage Paid ）D 组术语（到达术语，Arrival ）注：C 组术语的风险划分界限和费用划分界限相分离 注：以F 组和C 组术语成交的合同都属于装运合同。
国际贸易基础知识与实务
案例：我某出口公司有一批言明为降价品的
罐头，英商看货后订货。但货到英国3个月后，发
现罐头变质，英商要求退货。问：我方是否应该 满足英商的退货要求？
凭样品买卖（Sale By Sample)
样品（sample)： 指从一批商品中抽出来的或由生产、使用部门设
计、加工出来的，足以反映和代表整批商品品质 的少量实物。
指出以下合同中商品的品质各用了什么规定方法？
1. 美加净牙膏
2. 中国绿茶特珍一级
3. 巴西大豆 F.A.Q.1999年新产
4. 素面缎
门幅 长度 重量
成分
55英寸 38/42码 16.5姆米 100%真丝
5. 样品号： WSP99010 玩具电动狗
尺码 15英寸
6. 柠檬酸钠 (1)符合1980年英国药典标准 (2)纯度不低于99%
公制——公里（Kilometer）、米（Meter）… 英制和美制——码（Yard）、英尺（Foot）、英寸（Inch）…
换算关系： 1公里＝1000米 1米＝1.094码＝3.2808英尺＝ 39.37英寸
2、重量单位（Weight）
公制——公吨（Metric Ton）、公斤（即千克，Kilogram）、
国际贸易由进口贸易（Import Trade）和出口 贸易(Export Trade)两部分组成，故有时也称为进 出口贸易。
国际市场调研
交易磋商
询盘 发盘 还盘
签订合同
接受
履行合同
（一）出口贸易履行合同的基本程序
以
不
可
撤
销
议
检
付
验
信 用
证
证
书
付
款
1.国际贸易的基本概念与分类
3.5%，1997年这一数字分别为3.5%，10%。 Source:Annual Report., 1999
例：国际贸易量的计算
基期：2000年 计算期：2003年
贸易值 （亿）
90 100
反之，在正常经济情况下，如果滥用这种低效经济就业方法需消耗国民财 富，降低或抑制国民总收入，最终影响国民就业质量。如前苏联和东欧阵 营在计划经济下的高就业率。
以追求出口数量的出口导向发展策略首先违背了大卫.李嘉图的比较成本 和国际分工理论。本来按照国际市场价格，正常出口，可达到节约社会劳 动，增加国民财富的结果。而以出口退税，低汇率机制等奖励措施为手段， 出口数量为目的发展模式使出口价格接近或低于实际生产成本价。出口没 有给国家增加财富，甚至减少，只不过是已在国内创造的财富向国外转移。 表面上看出口部门就业人员在扩大。但因为社会财富未相应增加。整个社 会收入和需求无法有效扩大。
贸易量＝贸易额 价格指数
Volum＝eValue Index
说明： （1）对外贸易量实际为按不变价格计算的对外贸易额，也就是说
剔除了价格变动的因素。因此比 对外贸易额更准确地反映了对外贸 易的规模，也更便于对不同时期的对外贸易规模进行分析和比较。 （2）与对外贸易量类似，还可计算进口量、出口量和国际贸易量 等指标。 （3）此处的量非重量。其单位仍为货币单位。
活动。 有时，对一些岛国或地区也称海外贸易(Oversea
Trade)。如英国、日本和中国的台湾省。
3、几点说明： （1）国际贸易是从整个世界的角度来考察各国或地区之间的贸易活动，而
对外贸易是从一个国家或地区的角度出发去考察它与别国或地区之间的贸易 活动。 （2）国际贸易与对外贸易均包括货物和服务贸易。 而由于历史的原因，以前，甚至目前仍有一些国家或地区的对外贸易统计不 含服务贸易，但仍称为对外贸易。（无形贸易通常不显示在海关的贸易统计 表上，但它是国际收支的构成部分。） 货物贸易(Goods Trade)---即SITC中的十大类商品 服务贸易(Service Trade)---WTO列出的服务行业涉及如下十二个部门：商业、通信、 建筑、销售、教育、环境、金融、卫生、旅游、娱乐、运输、及其他。 （3）地区可指区域经济一体化组织、可指按地理区分的各大洲、也可指单 独的关税区。
国际贸易实务(第五版)课件第1章-TRADE-TRADES(中英对照)详解
Ti of Origin
FOB, FAS, C&F, CIF, Ex Dock
Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932
International Law Association
1928 CIF
Incoterms 2010
International Chamber of Commerce
A. Provision(提供) of the goods in conformity with the contract
B. All customs formalities for the export of goods
C. Deliver the goods to the carrier at the named place on the date or within the agreed period
DEQ (Delivered ex quay)
《1932年华沙一牛 国际法协会
1928-1932
CIF
津规则》
《1990年美国对外 美国商业团体
1919-1990
6种
贸易定义修订本》
《2010年国际贸易 术语解释通则》
国际商会
1936-2010
11种
注：目前最新的通则为：《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》，包括11 种贸易术语
3.Structure of INCOTERMS 2010
The first group：Suitable for all kinds of transport modes 适合于各种运输方式的术语 EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP,DDP
The second：Suitable for water transportation 适合于水上运输的贸易术语 FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF
国际贸易术语International Trade Terms
Incoterms Do Not . . .
Not sufficient on their own to express the full intent of the parties. They will not: Apply to contracts for services. Define contractual rights and obligations other than for delivery. Specify details of the transfer, transport, and delivery of the goods. Determine how title to the goods will be transferred. Protect a party from his/her own risk of loss. Cover the goods before or after delivery. Define the remedies for breach of contract.
Group C CFR Main Carriage Paid CIF CPT CIP
Group D Arrival
International Trade Practices Regarding Trade Terms
1.Warsaw — Oxford Rules 1932《1932年华沙——牛津规 则》《CIF买卖合同的统一规则》 2.Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 《1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本》 3. INCOTERMS 2000《国际贸易术语解释通则》
4. The Structure of Incoterms 2000
国际贸易术语International Trade Terms讲解
— Group D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP
maximum
• 到达 arrival
卖方义务
A1.提供合同规定的货物 A2.许可证、批准文件及海关
手续 A3.运输合同和保险合同 A4.交付货物 A5.风险转移 A6.费用划分 A7.通知买方 A8.交货凭证、运输单证或相
goods and the division of costs and risks.
to eliminate uncertainties and
differences arising from the different
interpretation of such terms in different
Title to goods 货物所有权
According to different terms of delivery, title to goods will pass over from the seller to the buyer at different time and places. Both parties need to know when and how they will lose or acquire the title to the goods.
So it is important to clearly define the cut-off point to show responsibilities and risk end.
Definition
Trade terms, also known as price terms or delivery terms in international trade, are the short terms or abbreviations used in international sales contracts to clearly divide the costs, risks and responsibilities of buyers and sellers with regard to the movement of goods between both parties.
《大学生英语阅读》unit1partoneInternationalTrade解析、翻译和答案
Part OneUnit 1 International T radeKey to the ExercisesComprehension of the TextI.Choose the best answer to the following questions.1. B2. A3. A4. C5. CV ocabularyⅡ.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1. (transmit)从古到今贸易商们一直在促进知识与发明的传播。
2. (specializes) 当一个国家越来越多地专业化生产谷物，它就需要动用与谷物生产条件相差甚远的土地。
3. (comparative) 我们需要区分绝对优势和相对优势这两个概念。
4. (variety)它会为消费者提供更丰富的产品。
5. (transactions) 外国直接投资是指一个国家的公司向另一个国家的公司进行的资本交易。
6. (economy) 世界经济在1980年到1993年间总共增长了40%。
7. (necessities) 帐篷和睡袋是露营的必需品。
8. (favorable) 20世纪80年代世界经济的大好形势使许多公司有足够的资源。
TranslationIII．Translate the following professional terms and expressions.1．invisible trade2. economic resources3. self-sufficient4. industrial base5. favorable balance of trade6. 移民汇款7. 制造品8. 比较优势9. 成品10. 国际收支Ⅳ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.随着原始人口的增长和发展, 出现了分工的原则。
国际贸易合同协议英文版6篇
国际贸易合同协议英文版6篇篇1International Trade Contract AgreementThis International Trade Contract Agreement ("Agreement") is entered into as of the Effective Date between the party or parties named at the end of this Agreement (referred to as “Seller”) and the party or parties named at the end of this Agreement (re ferred to as “Buyer”), collectively referred to as the "Parties."1. Identification of the PartiesSeller: [Name]Address: [Address]Contact Details: [Phone Number], [Email]Buyer: [Name]Address: [Address]Contact Details: [Phone Number], [Email]2. Description of Goods or ServicesSeller agrees to sell and deliver to Buyer, and Buyer agrees to purchase and accept, the following goods or services:Description of Goods/Services: [Description]Quantity: [Quantity]Unit Price: [Price]3. DeliveryThe delivery of goods or services shall be made according to the terms specified in this Agreement. The delivery location shall be [Address].4. Payment TermsThe payment for the goods or services shall be made in accordance with the following terms:- Total Price: [Total Price]- Payment Schedule: [Payment Schedule]- Payment Method: [Payment Method]5. Inspection and AcceptanceUpon delivery of the goods or services, Buyer shall inspect the goods or services and shall notify Seller of any defects or non-conformities within [number] days of delivery.6. WarrantySeller warrants that the goods or services will conform to the specifications set forth in this Agreement and will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of [number] days from the date of delivery.7. Governing LawThis Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Country].8. Dispute ResolutionAny disputes arising under this Agreement shall be subject to mediation, and if not resolved, shall be subject to arbitration in accordance with the rules of [Arbitration Organization].9. Entire AgreementThis Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous agreements and understandings.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date.Seller: [Signature], [Date]Buyer: [Signature], [Date]篇2International Trade Contract AgreementThis International Trade Contract Agreement ("Agreement") is made and entered into by and between [Seller], a company organized under the laws of [Seller's Country], with its principal place of business at [Seller's Address], and [Buyer], a company organized under the laws of [Buyer's Country], with its principal place of business at [Buyer's Address].1. Subject of the Agreement:Seller agrees to sell and deliver to Buyer the following goods: [Description of Goods], in the quantity of [Quantity] at the price of [Price] per unit, for a total purchase price of [Total Price]. Buyer agrees to purchase and receive the goods under the terms and conditions stated herein.2. Delivery:The goods shall be delivered by Seller to Buyer at [Delivery Location] on [Delivery Date]. Seller shall be responsible for the cost of shipping the goods to the Delivery Location.3. Payment:Payment for the goods shall be made by Buyer to Seller in the amount of [Total Price] in [Currency] within [Payment Term] days of the delivery of the goods. Payment shall be made by [Payment Method].4. Inspection and Acceptance:Buyer shall have [Inspection Period] days from the date of delivery to inspect the goods and notify Seller in writing of any defects or non-conformity. If Buyer fails to notify Seller of any defects within the Inspection Period, the goods shall be deemed accepted.5. Title and Risk of Loss:Title to the goods shall pass from Seller to Buyer upon delivery at the Delivery Location. Risk of loss shall pass from Seller to Buyer upon delivery of the goods to the carrier.6. Termination:Either party may terminate this Agreement upon [Termination Clause] days written notice to the other party in the event of a material breach of any provision of this Agreement by the other party.7. Governing Law:This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Governing Law], without regard to its conflict of law provisions.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.Seller: [Signature]Buyer: [Signature]This International Trade Contract Agreement is a legally binding agreement between the Seller and the Buyer for the purchase and sale of goods. It outlines the terms and conditions of the transaction, including the description of the goods, quantity, price, delivery, payment, inspection and acceptance, title and risk of loss, termination, and governing law. Both parties should carefully review and understand the terms of the Agreement before signing to ensure a smooth and successful transaction.篇3International Trade Contract AgreementThis International Trade Contract Agreement (“Agreement”) is entered into on this [insert date] by andbetween [Seller], a company organized and existing under the laws of [country], with its principal place of business at [address], and [Buyer], a company organized and existing under the laws of [country], with its principal place of business at [address].1. Subject Matter of Agreement1.1 The Seller agrees to sell and deliver the goods described in Exhibit A to the Buyer, and the Buyer agrees to purchase and accept delivery of the goods on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.2. Price and Payment2.1 The price of the goods shall be [insert price] per unit, fora total price of [insert total price].2.2 Payment for the goods shall be made in [insert currency] within [insert number] days from the date of delivery. Payment shall be made by wire transfer to the Seller’s bank account.3. Delivery3.1 The Seller shall deliver the goods to the Buyer’s designated location at the Buyer’s expense. The Seller shall deliver the goods on or before [insert delivery date].3.2 The Buyer shall be responsible for all shipping and handling costs associated with the delivery of the goods.4. Inspection and Acceptance4.1 The Buyer shall have [insert number] days from the date of delivery to inspect the goods and notify the Seller of any defects or discrepancies. Failure to notify the Seller within this period shall constitute acceptance of the goods.4.2 If the Buyer determines that the goods are defective or do not conform to the specifications set forth in Exhibit A, the Seller shall, at its option, either replace the goods or refund the purchase price.5. Warranties5.1 The Seller warrants that the goods shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of [insert warranty period] from the date of delivery.5.2 The Seller makes no other warranties, express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.6. Limitation of Liability6.1 The Seller’s liability under this Agreement shall be limited to the purchase price of the goods. In no event shall the Seller be liable for any indirect, consequential, or punitive damages.7. Governing Law and Jurisdiction7.1 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [country]. Any disputes arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of [country].IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.[Seller]By: __________________________Name: ________________________Title: _________________________Date: ________________________[Buyer]By: __________________________Name: ________________________Title: _________________________Date: ________________________Exhibit A: Description of Goods[Insert description of goods]篇4International Trade Contract AgreementThis International Trade Contract Agreement (the "Agreement") is entered into on [date] by and between [Company Name], located at [Address], hereinafter referred to as "Seller", and [Company Name], located at [Address], hereinafter referred to as "Buyer".1. Subject MatterThe Seller agrees to sell and deliver the following goods: [Description of goods] to the Buyer, and the Buyer agrees to purchase and receive the goods in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.2. PriceThe total price for the goods shall be [Amount] and shall be paid in [Currency]. Payment shall be made in [Payment Method] within [Number] days of the delivery of the goods.3. DeliveryThe Seller shall deliver the goods to the Buyer at [Delivery Location] on or before [Date]. The Buyer shall be responsible for all costs associated with the transportation and import duties of the goods.4. Inspection and AcceptanceThe Buyer shall have the right to inspect the goods upon delivery and shall have [Number] days to notify the Seller of any defects or non-conformance. If the goods are found to be defective or non-conforming, the Seller shall replace the goods at no additional cost to the Buyer.5. WarrantiesThe Seller warrants that the goods are free from defects in material and workmanship and conform to the specifications set forth in this Agreement. The Seller shall be responsible for any defects or non-conformance of the goods.6. Governing LawThis Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Country]. Any disputes arising out of or related to this Agreement shall be resolved through arbitration in [City], [Country].7. ConfidentialityBoth parties agree to keep all information related to this Agreement confidential and not to disclose it to third parties without the written consent of the other party.8. Entire AgreementThis Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral.In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.[Seller Signature] [Buyer Signature][Company Name] [Company Name][Name] [Name][Title] [Title]篇5International Trade Contract AgreementThis International Trade Contract Agreement ("Agreement") is entered into on [Date], by and between [Seller], located at [Address], and [Buyer], located at [Address].1. Products: The Seller agrees to sell and deliver the following products to the Buyer:- Description of Product 1- Description of Product 22. Quantity: The Seller shall supply the Buyer with [Quantity] of the above-mentioned products.3. Price: The price of the products shall be [Price] per unit.4. Payment Terms: The Buyer shall pay the Seller in [Currency] within [Number] days of receiving the products. Any late payments shall incur a late fee of [Fee] per day.5. Delivery: The Seller shall deliver the products to the Buyer at [Location] on or before [Date]. Any delays in delivery shall be communicated to the Buyer in advance.6. Quality Assurance: The Seller guarantees that the products delivered shall meet the quality standards agreed upon by both parties.7. Inspection: The Buyer has the right to inspect the products upon delivery and reject any products that do not meet the agreed-upon quality standards.8. Force Majeure: Neither party shall be liable for any delays or failure to perform under this Agreement due to circumstances beyond their control, such as natural disasters or labor strikes.9. Governing Law: This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of [Country].10. Dispute Resolution: Any disputes arising from this Agreement shall be resolved through arbitration in [Location] in accordance with the rules of the [Arbitration Organization].This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and supersedes all prior agreements.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above.______________________ _______________________Seller BuyerDate: _________________ Date: _________________[Signatures]篇6International Trade Contract AgreementThis International Trade Contract Agreement is made and entered into on [date], by and between [Seller], located at [address], hereinafter referred to as "Seller", and [Buyer], located at [address], hereinafter referred to as "Buyer".1. Agreement for Sale and PurchaseSeller agrees to sell and Buyer agrees to purchase the following goods in the quantities and at the prices set forth in Schedule A attached hereto.2. DeliveryDelivery of the goods shall be made on or before [date], to the location specified by Buyer. The goods shall be delivered in good condition and in conformity with the specifications set forth in Schedule A.3. PaymentBuyer agrees to pay Seller the total purchase price for the goods in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule A. Payment shall be made in [currency] by [method of payment].4. Inspection and AcceptanceBuyer shall have [number] days from the date of delivery to inspect the goods and determine their conformity with the specifications set forth in Schedule A. Buyer shall notify Seller in writing of any non-conformity within [number] days of delivery. Failure to notify Seller shall constitute acceptance of the goods.5. WarrantiesSeller warrants that the goods shall conform to the specifications set forth in Schedule A and shall be free from defects in material and workmanship. Seller further warrants that the goods shall be merchantable and fit for the particular purpose for which they are purchased.6. Governing LawThis Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [country].7. ArbitrationAny dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules of [arbitration association], and the decision of the arbitrator(s) shall be final and binding on the parties.8. Entire AgreementThis Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.Seller: [Seller's signature]Buyer: [Buyer's signature]Schedule A1. Goods: [Description of goods]2. Quantity: [Quantity of goods]3. Price: [Price per unit]4. Delivery Date: [Delivery date]5. Payment Terms: [Payment terms]。
International_Trade_Practices_Chapter_1_trade_terms
and taxes and all costs in obtaining the documents required for importation and exportation Contract of carriage and insurance Taking delivery Transport document or equivalent electronic message Risks and costs from the time when the goods have been placed at his disposal
International trade usages
Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions
1941 International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms: Incoterms 1936,1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000.
Chapter 1 International Trade Terms
Case Study. Have a understanding of the main practices about trade terms Role of International Trade Terms. International Trade Usages. A Guide to In-com-terms 2000
Categories
E-term: the seller only makes the goods available to
the buyer at the seller’s own premise F-terms: the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer C-terms: the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch D-terms: the seller has to bear all costs and risks needed to bring the goods to the place of destination
新新编国际贸易英语教程chapter1
新编国际贸易英语教程
Chapter 1 An Introduction to International Trade Contents
• • • • • • Objectives NEW TERMS Vignette 1.1 International Trade 1.2 Basic Concepts of International Trade 1.3 Economic Globalization
1.2 Basic concepts of international trade
Back
• 1.2.1 international trade classification • 1 import vs. export • I For most nations exports and imports are the most important international activities. Each country has to import the articles and commodities it does not itself produce, and it has to earn foreign exchanges to pay for them. It does this by exporting its own manufactured articles and surplus(过剩, 剩余)raw materials. Thus the import and export trades are two sides of the same coin, and both can have beneficial effects on the home market.
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由买方负责。而在DES条件下，风险界限在目的港船上，运输途中的风险 由卖方负担。 • 3）交货方式不同。 CIF属象征性交货，而DES属实际交货。 • 4）费用负担不同。在CIF条件下，卖方只负担正常的运费和约定的保险费， 而在DES条件下，卖方则需负担货物运抵目的港交货前的一切费用。 • 5）保险的目的不同。 CIF卖方投保是为了买方利益； DES卖方投保是为了 自身利益。
Exercises:
• • •
一、名词解释： 1.贸易术语 2. 国际贸易惯例 3.象征性交货 4.实际交货 二、简答题： 1.什么叫“贸易术语”？为什么在国际贸易中要使用贸易术语？ 2.请按照买卖双方责任大小的顺序写出十三种贸易术语的中、英文名称以及英 文全称。 3.国际贸易术语中，哪些是属于象征性交货的？哪些是属于实际交货的？ 4. 贸易术语的作用是什么？ 5. 国际贸易惯例的性质是什么？ 6. 有关贸易术语的国际贸易惯例有哪些？简要说明各个惯例。 7. 十三种贸易术语中，买方责任、费用、风险最大的贸易术语是哪个？卖方 责任、费用、风险最大的贸易术语是哪个？为什么？ 8. 国际贸易中最常用的贸易术语是哪三种？买卖双方的责任、费用、风险各 如何？比较他们之间的异同点。 9.国际贸易中主要的贸易术语是哪六种？买卖双方的责任、费用、风险各如何？ 比较前一组与后一组之间的异同点。 10. 《2000年通则》与《90年通则》相比，有哪三个实质性的改变？ 11. CIF与FOB的异同点是什么？ 12. CFR与CIF的异同点是什么？
产生的各种费用。 相同：除上述不同之处外，其他方面与DES均相同。 风险界限：目的港码头货交买方处置时起。 海关手续：卖方承担出口报关手续、支付出口关税；买方 承担进口报关手续、支付进口关税。 本术语仅适用于海洋运输方式。
•
11. DEQ Delivered Ex Quay （…named port of destination ）目的港码头交货 （…指定目的港）
《2000通则》中13种贸易术语的归纳对比
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
贸易术语 交货地点 风险转移界限 出口报关责任/费用 进口报关责任/费用 运输方式
EXW FCA FAS FOB CFR CIF CPT CIP DAF DES DEQ DDU DDP
商品产地、所在地 货交买方处置时
10. DES Delivered Ex Ship （…named port of destination ）目的港船上交货 （…指定目的港）
• 采用该术语应注意的问题：
• （1）按DES成交的合同属于“到达合同”。（DES 与CIF 的主要区别） • 1）交货地点不同。CIF为装运港船上，DES为目的港船上。 • 2）风险划分不同。CIF条件下，风险界限在装运港船舷，运输途中的风险
12. DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid （…named place of destination ）未完 税交货（…指定目的地）
• 该术语之后需注明目的地名称。 • 卖方应自担风险、自负费用将货物运送到
进口国的指定目的地，但不负责进口清关、 支付进口关税以及任何运输方式下的卸货 义务。 • 风险界限：指定目的地货交买方处置时起。 • 它适用于各种运输方式。
• FAS之后需注明装运港港名。 • 卖方于规定日期或期间内，在指定装运港履行船边交货 • • • •
8. FAS Free Alongside Ship （…named port of shipment）装运港船边交货（… 指定装运港）
（在买方指派的船边），由买方指定承运人接管就算完 成了交货义务。 该术语仅适用于海洋运输。 FAS买卖双方的费用和风险界限均在装运港码头船边的 交货地点。（船边的一般解释为“吊钩所及处”，就是 将货放置在吊钩可直接将货吊上船的范围内。） 进口报关和进口关税由买方负责，出口报关和出口关税 由卖方负责。 EXW和FAS，都由买方办理装运。
买方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方 卖方
买方 买方 买方 买方 买方 买方 买方 买方 买方 买方 买方 买方 卖方
任何方式
任何方式
水上运输 水上运输 水上运输 水上运输 任何方式 任何方式 任何方式 水上运输 水上运输 任何方式
任何方式
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C. 目的地交货的五种贸易术语
• 9. DAF Delivered At Frontier （…named place）边境 • •
交货（…指定地点） 采用该术语时，需注明边境交货地点。 卖方将货物运至指定边境地点，将货物置于买方支配之 下（风险界限）时，货物风险由此转移。双方费用的划 分也以指定边境地点为界。 海关手续：卖方承担出口报关手续、支付出口关税；买 方承担进口报关手续、支付进口关税。 DAF适用于两国接壤，主要用于陆路运输（公路、铁 路），但也用于任何运输方式。 在联合运输时，卖方可在买方的要求下，提供从出口国 发货地点至买方指定的进口国最终目的地的联运单据。
• （2）注意货物的交接工作。 • 按DES成交，因由卖方自费订立运输合同及派船送货，故卖方应将船舶预
期到达时间通知买方，以便买方做好受领货物的准备。
11. DEQ Delivered Ex Quay （…named port of destination ）目的港码头交货 （…指定目的港）
• DEQ实际上是在DES条件的基础上延伸了卖方的义务。 • DEQ与DES的异同： • 不同： 在DEQ之下，卖方要负责安排装卸，并支付由此而 • • •
•采用该术语应注意的问题：
• （1）注意货物的交接工作。 • 在本术语之下，是由卖方自费订立运输合同、派船送
货、将货物运至目的港的指定码头。因此，卖方必须 将船舶预期到达时间（ETA）通知买方，以便买方做 好受领货物的准备。 • （2）进口报关的有关问题 • 鉴于世界各国在使用DEQ术语时，对于由谁负责办理 进口手续的问题，做法并不完全统一，因此，使用此 术语时，必须加以注意。
定地点）
2. The Interpretation of Trade Terms
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•
doz. EXW × ×Factory, Beijing。这就说明，双方约定在北京的 × ×工厂交货。） 该术语的交货地点在产地，双方的责任、费用、风险的界限，均 以接货前后划分，是卖方责任最小，买方责任最大的一种价格术 语。该价格最低。 由于采用该术语，买方需在卖方国家办理运输和出口报关等手续， 往往困难较大，故较少采用。 本术语适用于任何运输方式，包括多式联运。
8. FAS Free Alongside Ship （…named port of shipment）装运港船边交货（… 指定装运港）
采用该术语应注意的问题： • （1）将《1990通则》中买方承担的出口清关方面的责任
和费用改为由卖方承担。 • （2）要注意船货衔接问题。买卖双方应在合同规定的时间 和地点交接货物。 • （3）驳船费。如果买方所派船只不能靠岸，卖方要负责用 驳船把货物运至船边，仍在船边交货。装船的责任和费用， 由买方负担。 • （4）《2000通则》与《1941年美国对外贸易定义（修订 本）》有关FAS的主要区别。（美国的FAS代表Free Along Side,即指交到各种运输工具旁边。）
7. EXW Ex Works （…named place） 工厂交货（…指定地点）
采用该术语应注意的问题：
（1）买方所承担的风险大。EXW 是13中贸易术语 中买方所承担的风险、责任和费用最大的一种术 语，买方应注意是否能承担风险。 （2）货物交接。买卖双方应在合同规定的时间和地 点交接货物。 （3）包装费用。除非合同中有相反规定，卖方一般 无义务提供出口包装。 （4）买方在不能直接或间接办理出口清关手续时不 宜采用EXW，最好采用FCA 。
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9. DAF Delivered At Frontier （…named place）边境交货（…指定 地点）
采用该术语应注意的问题： • （1）风险转移。 • 国外有使用Free Border或Franco Border(铁路运输)的做法。 按照一般的解释，采用这两种术语时，卖方只是负责安排 运输并支付运至边境某地的运费，卖方的交货地点并未延 伸至边境指定地点，所以只相当于CPT条件。因此，在按 DAF术语成交时，交易双方应该明确，卖方承担的风险只 有在边境指定地点完成交货时才转移给买方，而不是在此 之前。 • （2）交货地点。 • 当边境上有几个可供交货的地点时，双方当事人应该明确 商定其中某一地点作为交货地点，并且在DAF之后列明， 以免在履约时引起争议。如果双方在订约时未能就具体的 交货地点作出明确规定，卖方有权自行选择最适宜的边境 地点作为交货地点。
• 其价格术语之后需注明目的港名称。 • 卖方要自担风险、自付费用将货物运抵进口国的指定目
10. DES Delivered Ex Ship （…named port of destination ）目的港船上交货 （…指定目的港）
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的港，在船上将货物置于买方控制之下时，买方就需支 付货款，双方的风险和费用均以此为界。它是名副其实 的“到岸价”，因为卖方要承担运输途中的风险。 由买方负责安排卸货，并办理有关接货和进口报关手续， 而且支付由此而产生的各种费用。 海关手续：卖方承担出口报关手续、支付出口关税；买 方承担进口报关手续、支付进口关税。 本术语仅适用于海洋运输方式。
13. DDP Delivered Duty Paid （…named place of destination ）完税 后交货（…指定目的地）
• DDP与DDU的异同： • 不同： 卖方要负责进口报关手续，支付进
口关税。 • 相同：除上述责任、费用以外，其他方面 与DDU相同。 • 风险界限：指定目的地货交买方处置时起。 • DDP是所有价格术语中卖方责任最大的一种。 • 本术语适用于任何运输方式。