british structure
高二英语教案：The British Isles教案
Unit 5 The British Isles[单元综述]英国的全称是什么?坐落在何处?自然环境、气候、风土人情以及与不列颠岛的关系如何?编者在本单元就上述问题给出了较为详尽的介绍。
在warming up中，首先通过几幅具有代表性的图片，让学生自然地想到英国。
在speaking中就三个背景知识作了介绍，通过对reading的学习，编者又在post-reading中，让学生填写一张英文地图，旨在进一步巩固所学的知识。
基本要点分类I．词海拾贝：consist, state, powerful, advantage, narrow, republic, form, mild, influence, basis, mountainous, union, generally, belief, proof, own, production, produce, research, coast, foot, employ, bear, grain, wild, approachII．短语归纳：consist of, be made up of, make the most of, hold together, lie off, at one point, run over, stand for, be separated from, be surrounded by, in general, as much as the result of, end up with III．句子结构：1.The idea that English stands for Fish and Chips, the Speakers’ Corner and the Tower ofLondon is past.2.The fact that the mainland of Great Britain is made up of three kingdoms is still unknownto many people.3.The result of so much French influence was that the English language ended up withmany French words such as table, animal and age.4.Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.5.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the peoplein Britain.IV．交际用语：1. Don't you think that...?2. I don't think that's right....3. You must be mistaken....4. I'm afraid you are wrong....5. Aren't you confusing...?6. I'm not sure about that....V．语法概述：1．委婉表达I don’t think that’s right.Yes, you are right, but….2．提出建议Don’t you think that…?I’m afraid that….3．名词性从句（1）The First PeriodTeaching Aims:1.Do some listening and train the student s’ listening ability.2.Talk about the UK and Ireland.3.Practise expressing agreement and disagreement.Teaching Important Points:1.Improve the student s’ listening ability.2.Master the expressions for agreement and disagreement.Teaching Difficult Points:1.Improve the students’ ability.2.How to express agreement and disagreement.Teaching Methods:1.Free-talk method to get the students to talk about the UK and Ireland.2.Listening activity to have the students go through the listening material.3.Speaking activity to make the students go through the speaking task and improve thestudent s’ speaking ability.Teaching Aids:1. a computer and courseware2. a projector3. a tape recorderTeaching Procedures:Step I GreetingsStep II Free-talkStep III Warming-upStep IV ListeningStep V SpeakingStep VI Summary and HomeworkStep VIII Words and Expressions: ①②③④⑤1.P33 Warming-up2. Name five important cities in the United Kingdom. 说出英国五大城市的名字。
英美概况 英国地理小结
英美概况英国地理小结英美概况-英国地理小结? 大不列颠?地理特征和人口1.thebritishislesaresituatedinthenorthwestpartoftheeurope.2.英国统治着世界人民的1/4帝国nations英联邦.4.官方名称：大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国。
5.大不列颠和英国的关系：大不列颠+northernireland=theuk6.theuk―capital:london苏格兰是伟大英国的象征首都：爱丁堡。
威尔士在英国首都：加的夫7.northernirelandisthefourthregionoftheuk.---capital:belfast.8.英国地势：--risinginnorth-westcauseshighlands--东南部下沉导致低地9.英国地势优点advantage:nopartofbritainisveryfarfromthecoastandit提供有价值的资源。
英国的海岸线很长，有很好的深水港。
SeaRoute向内陆延伸，提供廉价的运输。
10.最重要的河流：最著名的河流最长河：theseverncthelongestriver最高的山：贝内维斯（苏格兰）-最高的山最大的山：彭尼内斯彭尼内斯（英格兰）pennines:thebackboneofengland11.苏格兰：首都爱丁堡1)the2ndlargestofthe4nations2)famousforitsgreatcastle3）威尔士：首都：加的夫威尔士人是凯尔特人(celt)的后裔，会讲celtic(凯尔特语).13.英国气候:maritimeclimate海洋性气候14.伦敦：世界第四大城市，世界三大经济和金融中心之一，政治、经济和文化中心标志性建筑：buckinghampalace,bigben,londoneye,toweroflondon,towerbridge15.自1973年以来，联合王国一直是欧洲联盟的成员，英国现在是一个多民族社会，产生了20多个非欧洲民族的人口。
史上超强!英语国家概况复习笔记!
英语国家概况复习笔记Chapter 1 Land and People 英国的国土与人民Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰.2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国.3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands—Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛［大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛］及成千上万个小岛组成.4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政区:英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士.①England is in the southern part of Great Britain.It is the largest, most populous section. 位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区.②Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh. 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部.它有三大自然区：北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵.首府：爱丁堡.③Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部.首府：加的夫④Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域.首府：贝尔法斯特5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading agreements.The Commonwealth has no special powers.The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英联邦是一个自由联合体,由曾是英国殖民地而现在已经独立的国家构成.成员国之间实行经济合作,有一定的贸易协议.英联邦没有特别的权利,是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定.它成立于1931年,到1991年止已有50个成员国.Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066) 英国的起源1.Arrival and settlement of the Celts At about 700 BC the Celts began to arrive in Britain and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans.They may come originally from eastern and central Europe,now France,Belgium and southern Germany.约公元前700年,凯尔特人来到不列颠岛并一直陆续到来直到罗马人的入侵.他们可能源自东欧和中欧,即现在的法国,比利时和德国南部. They came in three main waves:the Gaels~about 600 BC;the Brythons~about 400 BC;the Belgae~about 150 BC.凯尔特人来到不列颠有三次高潮:第一次是约公元前600年的盖尔人;第二次是约公元前400年的布立吞人;第三次是约公元前150年的贝尔盖人. The Celtic tribes are the ancestors of the Highland Scots,the Irish and the Welsh,and their languages are the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic.凯尔特人是山地苏格兰人,爱尔兰人和威尔士人的祖先,他们的语言是威尔士语和盖尔语的基础. The Celts’ religion was Druidism. 凯尔特人的宗教为德鲁伊德教. The Belgae were the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes.贝尔盖人是最勤奋,最精力充沛的. The Celts were practised farmers. 凯尔特人是有经验的农民.2.Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons现代英国人的基础:盎格鲁—萨克逊(446-871) In the mid-5th century Jutes,Saxons, and Angles came to Britain.They were three Teutonic tribes.The Jutes,who fished and farmed in Jutland(now southern Denmark),came to Britain first.Then the Saxons came.They came from northern Germany,established their kingdoms in Essex, Sussex and Wessex. In the second half of the 6th century,the Angles who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. 五世纪中叶,朱特人,撒克逊人和盎格鲁人来到不列颠岛.这是三支日耳曼部落.居住在朱特兰岛(现丹麦南部)从事打渔农耕的朱特人先到达不列颠;接着是撒克逊人,他们来自德国北部,在埃塞克斯,苏塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王国;六世纪后半叶,同样来自德国北部把自己名字给了英国人的盎格鲁人,在东盎格利亚,麦西亚以及诺森伯利来定居.Heptarchy:During the Anglo-Saxon’s time,Britain was divided into many kingdoms,among which there were seven principal kingdoms of Kent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,East Anglia,Mercia and Northumbria.They were given the name for Heptarchy. 在盎格鲁-撒克逊时期,英国被划分为许多王国,其中有七个主要王国:肯特,埃塞克斯,苏塞克斯,威塞克斯,东盎格利亚,麦西亚和诺森伯利来.他们被合称为七王国.The Anglo-Saxon tribes were constantly at war with one another,each trying to get the upper hand,so that the kingdoms were often broken up and often pieced together again. 盎格鲁-撒克逊部落之间不断交战,彼此都想占上风,因此王国总是分了合,合了又分The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. 盎格鲁—撒克逊人把日耳曼宗教带到了英国.Although the Anglo-Saxons were ferocious people,they laid the foundations of the English state.Firstly,they divided the country into shires;Secondly,they devised the narrow-strip,three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century;Thirdly,they also established the manorial system.Finally,they created the Witan(council/meeting of wisemen)to advise the king,the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today. 虽然盎格鲁-撒克逊人是凶猛的民族,但他们为英国国家的形成打下了基础.首先他们把国家划分为郡;其次他们设计的窄条三圃田农耕制延用至18世纪;他们还建立了采邑制;最后他们还创立了议会(贤人会议),向国王提供建议,这是现存的枢密院基础.3.The Viking and Danish invasions The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century.The Danes gained control of the north and east of England—the Danelaw.从8世纪末起,挪威海盗和丹麦人就不断袭击英格兰各地方.丹麦人控制英格兰北部和东部丹麦法区. After Alfred’s death,his s uccessors reconquered the Danelaw.King Ethelred the Unready tried paying the invaders to stay away.But the Danes didn’t go away but invade again. 亚尔弗雷德死后,他的继任者们重新征服了丹麦地区."未准备好者"埃塞尔雷德国王进贡给丹麦人以免被侵略,但丹麦人又再度进犯. After Ethelred’s death,Canute,the Danish leader was made English king in 1016.He proved to be a wise ruler.After his death in 1035,his sons Harold and Hardicanute reigned successively.After Hardicanute’s death the succession passed to the successor Edward the Confessor. 埃塞尔雷德死后,丹麦首领喀奴特在1016年成为了英国国王.他是位英明的通知者.1035年他死后,他的儿子哈罗德和哈迪喀奴特先后统治王国.哈迪喀奴特死后,王位传给了"忏悔者"爱德华.4.King Alfred and his contributions亚尔弗雷德国王和他所做出的贡献(849-899) ①Alfred was the king of Wessex and defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 879亚尔弗雷德是威塞克斯的国王.他打败了丹麦人,并于公元879年与他们达成了友好协议;②He founded a strong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”他因为建立了强大舰队,而以“英国海军之父”闻名于世;③He reorganized the Saxon army,making it more efficient他改组了撒克逊军队,使之更为高效;④He is said to have taught himself Latin and translated a Latin book into English据说他自学了拉丁语并将一本拉丁语书译成英语⑤He encouraged learning in others,established schools and formulated a legal system. All this earns him the title “Alfred the Great”他鼓励向他人求知并修建学校,并且制订法律制度.5.The Norman Conquest and its consequences诺曼征服及其影响(1066) It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, William defeated Harold in the battle of Hastings.On Christmas Day William was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. 爱德华国王曾答应把英格兰王位传给诺曼底公爵威廉,但是贤人会议挑选了哈罗德为国王.公元1066年10月,在哈斯丁斯战役中威廉打败了哈罗德军队.圣诞节这天在威斯敏斯特大教堂,威廉被加冕为英格兰国王. The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government.The Norman Conquest ended the English history of being invaded, the feudal system was completely established in England . Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced.The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. 公元1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件.征服者威廉没收了几乎所有土地,将其分发给他的诺曼追随者.他用强大的诺曼政府取代软弱的撒克逊人统治.诺曼征服结束了被侵略的英国历史,英格兰完全确立了封建制度:扩展了与欧洲大陆的关系;文明和商业都得到发展;引进了诺曼—法国文化、语言、举止和建筑.教会与罗马的联系更为密切,教会法庭从世俗法庭中单独分离出来.Chapter 3 The Shaping of the Nation 英国的形成（公元1066-1381）1.England's feudalism under the rule of William the Conqueror在威廉统治下的英国封建制度①Under William,the feudal system in England was completely established在威廉统治下,英国的封建制度得到完全确立;②In this system,the King owned all the land personally根据此制度,国王拥有全国所有土地;③William gave his barons large estate s in England in return for a promise of military service and a proportion of the land’s produce威廉把英国的大片土地分给贵族,条件是贵族保证服役和交租;④These estates were scattered far and wide over the country,so that those who held them could not easily combine to rebel the king贵族的这些地产分散于各处,这样土地拥有者就不易联合起来反叛国王;⑤The barons parceled out his land to the lesser nobles,knights and freemen,also in return for goods and services贵族又把土地分配给小贵族,骑士和自由民,同样要他们交租和服役;⑥At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins or serfs在封建等级底层的是农奴;⑦One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance,not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king英国封建制独有的特色就是,无论是土地承租人还是二佃户,都必须要宣誓效忠于直接领主,而且要效忠于国王.William replaced the Witan with the Grand Council. 威廉用大议会取代了贤人会议. In order to have a reliable record of all his lands,his tenants and their possessions,William sent his clerks to compile a property record known as Domesday Book,which was completed in 1086. 为了使所有的土地,佃户和他们的财产记录可靠,威廉派官员编了一本财产清册,称为«末日审判书»2.Contents and the significance of the Great Charter«大宪章»的内容及意义Also known as the Magna Carta,Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons.«大宪章»是约翰国王1215年在封建贵族压力下签定的. It consists of 63 clauses. Its important provisions are as follows«大宪章»共有63条:①no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council没有大议会批准不得征税;②no freeman should be arrested,imprisoned,or deprived of his property except by the law of the land除依照法律,不得随意逮捕,拘禁自由民,不依照土地法不得剥夺其财产;③the Church should possess all its rights,together with freedom of elections教会拥有的权利和选举自由不受侵犯;④London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges伦敦和其它城市应保留其古老的权利和特权;⑤there should be the same weight and measures throughout the country全国应统一度量衡. Although the Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties,it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons,a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king.The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king,keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.尽管长期普遍认为«大宪章»是英国自由的基础,但它只是国王与贵族之间的封建与法律关系,保证教会的自由,限制国王的权力.«大宪章»的精神是限制王权,置王权于封建法律的约束下.3.The origins of the English Parliament英国议会的起源In 1258,the barons,under Simon de Montfort,forced Henry Ⅲand his son Prince Edward to swear to accept the Provisions of ter,Henry refused to confirm to the Provisions of Oxford,thus a civil war brake out between the king’s suppor ters and the baronial army led by Simon de Montfort. 1258年,贵族们在西蒙•德•孟福尔的领导下迫使国王和他的儿子爱德华王子宣誓接受"牛津协定".亨利拒绝批准牛津协定,国王的支持者和西蒙•德•孟福尔领导的封建主组成的军队之间爆发了内战.The Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265,Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council,together with two knights from each country and two citizens from each town.,a meeting which has seen as the earliest parliament.It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Common as a parliament. 大议会是当今英国议会的原型.1265年,西门德孟福尔召开大议会,各县有两名骑士,各镇有两名市民参加,此次会议被看作是最早的议会.大议会发展到后来演变成议会.分为上议院和下议院Its main role was to offer advice,not to make decisions.There were still no elections,no parties,and the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords. 其作用是咨询而非决定,也没有选举和政党.议会的最重要的部分是上议院4.The Hundred Years' War with France and its consequences百年战争及其结果When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize,the war broke out. 爱德华三世宣布要继承法国王位,但法国人民拒绝承认,于是引发了百年战争. The Hundred Years’ War with France refers to the war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453.The causes of the war were partly territorial and partly economic. The territorial causes were related with the possession by the English kings of the large duchy of Aquitaine,while the French kings coveted this large slice. The economic causes were connected with cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders, which were the importer of English wool, but they were loyal to the French king politically. Besides, England's desire to stop France from giving aid to Scots and a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes.百年战争指1337年到1453年英法之间一场断断续续的战争.战争的起因既有领土因素又有经济因素.领土起因尤其是与英国国王拥有法国阿奎丹大片的公爵领地有密切关系,随着法国国王势力日增,他们日益渴望占领这片从他们领土内被分割出去的土地.经济原因则与弗兰德斯有关.弗兰德斯地区生产棉布的城镇是英国羊毛的主要进口地,但这些城镇在政治上却效忠法国国王.其他原因还有英国试图阻止法国帮助苏格兰人,以及不断觉醒的民族意识.When the war ended,Calais was the only part of France that still in the hands of English. 战争结束的时候只有加来港还被英军占领.Consequences:The expulsion of the English from France is regarded as a blessing for both countries:had they remained,the superior size and wealth of France would certainly have hindered the development of a separate English national identity,while France was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory. 战争的结果:把英国人赶出了法国对两个国家都是幸事:若英国人继续留在法国,那么法国人在领土和财富上所占的优势必然会阻碍英国作为一个独立民族的发展;而法国如被外国势力占领了大量的领土,其民族特性的发展也要长期受阻.HenryⅤrenewed the war in 1415 and won a crushing victory at Argencourt.He was recognized to the French throne in 1420.After his death,the French,encouraged by Joan of Arc,finally drove the English out of France. 亨利五世在1415年重新发动战争.在阿根科特战役中大胜.他在1420年成为法国国王.亨利死后,法国人民在圣女贞德的鼓舞下,最终把英军驱逐出法国.5.Consequences of the Black Death黑死病的影响The Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly epidemic disease spread by rat fleas across Europe in the 14th century.It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning and,most importantly,without any cure.It reduced England’s population from four million to two million(about one half and one third of the population was killed) by the end of the 14th century. 黑死病是现代名称,指老鼠身上的跳蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫引起的传染性疾病.14世纪传播了到欧洲.1348年夏天横扫全英国,事先毫无预兆,而更重要的是无药可救.英国的人口在14世纪末从400万锐减至200万. The economic consequences of the Black Death were far-reaching.As a result of the plague,much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ndowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming,which required less labour.The surviving peasants had better bargainning power and were in a position to change their serfdom into paid labour.So some landlords,unable or unwilling to pay higher wages,tried to force peasants back into serfdom.In 1351 the government issued a Statute of Labourers which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages or for their employers to pay more than the rates laid down by the Justices of the Peace. 黑死病对经济造成的后果更为深远.鼠疫导致了大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏.地主只得把耕地改成对人力需求较少的牧场.幸存的农民处于有利的可以讨价还价的地位,他们从农奴变为雇佣劳动力。
高三英语说课稿：Unit5 The British lsles
高三英语说课稿：Unit5 The British lsles一、教学背景本教学内容为高中三年级英语课程中的Unit5，本单元主要内容为The British Isles。
该单元是高中英语课程中的重要组成部分，涉及到英式文化、历史和地理等方面，对于学生的综合素质提升有很大的帮助。
二、教学目标1.了解不同的英式文化和地理特点。
2.发展学生的阅读和写作能力，掌握相关的英语词汇和语法。
3.培养学生对英式文化和历史的兴趣，提高他们的跨文化交流能力。
三、教学重点与难点教学重点1.了解英国的历史和文化，了解英国的地理位置和重要城市。
2.学习相关的英语词汇和语法知识，如短语动词和从句等。
教学难点1.学习英式文化和历史需要一定的背景知识。
2.英语短语动词和从句语法比较复杂，可能需要花费较多的时间理解。
四、教学方法通过多媒体教学和互动教学相结合，授课内容既生动有趣，同时也能让学生积极参与。
具体方法包括：1.多媒体教学：展示相关的图片、视频和音频，以帮助学生更好的理解相关的英式文化和地理。
2.互动教学：通过问答、分组活动、小组讨论等方式引导学生思考和交流，提高他们的兴趣和积极性。
五、教学过程第一步：导入（10分钟）1.老师简要介绍英国的历史和文化，并展示相关的图片。
2.老师通过让学生看一段视频，让学生了解英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰等英国的地理位置和特点。
第二步：阅读（20分钟）1.分发相关的阅读材料，并引导学生读一遍。
2.给学生一定的时间自己理解和总结阅读材料的主要内容，然后让他们互相讨论总结。
3.引导学生对阅读材料进行解释和阐述，帮助他们掌握相关的英语词汇和语法。
第三步：讨论（30分钟）1.分组讨论英国文化和历史方面的话题，同学们可以展开自己的思考和观点，并与小组其他成员进行交流。
2.让每个小组对讨论结果进行汇报和总结，老师参与和引导讨论，并进行纠正和补充。
第四步：作业（10分钟）1.布置相关的作业，如写一篇与英国文化和历史有关的文章。
新版英语国家概况精讲笔记
新版“英语国家概况"精讲笔记Chapter 1第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I。
Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names： the British Isles， Great Britain and England。
地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2。
Official name： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland。
官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3。
The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain （the larger one）and Ireland， and hundreds of small ones。
不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4。
Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain： England， Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
（1） England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest， most populous section。
英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
（2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain。
It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north； the Central lowlands； the south Uplands) Capital： Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
English government structure英国的政治体制
About 90% of national government in the world are unitary in form. 1)Britain has a unitary government. the central government in London can create, reshape , reorganize, or abolish this local units of government.
Ⅲ. Political Legitimacy（政治合法性）
1.God 2.Excellence 3.The Will of the People
Ⅳ. Absolutism（专制制度） and
Constitutionalism（立宪政体）
Constitutional government is limited government. Absolute government is unlimited government. It can do whatever it likes to its people. Law is an important constitutional limitation on government.
Absolutism（专制制度） and Constitutionalism（立宪政体）
1 Unitary（中央集权政府） and Federal government （联邦政府） In a Unitary government, there is pre-existing central government which creates and controls smaller, local units of government.
美国和英国的家庭结构
Family Structure in Britain and the United States（英汉对照） The British and the Americans live longer，marry later，have fewer children，and are morelikely to get divorced than ever before. Young people leave home earlier，though not necessarilyto get married. More women now go out to work，and more people，especially the old，live alone.The nuclear family（parents and perhaps two children）gas largely replaced the extended familywhere several generations together. Although patterns are changing，most people in Britain and the United States still get marriedand have children and stay together until the end of their lives. People are marrying later：theaverage woman in Britain gets married at twenty-four to a man who is just over two yearsolder. In the U.S.，the average age at first marriage in 1994 was 22.5 years for women and 26.7years for men. Nine out of ten married women in Britain will have children at some point intheir lives. And despite the changes in working habits it is usually the woman who has overallresponsibility for domestic life：the traditional division of family responsibilities still persists. Britain has one of the highest divorce rates in Western Europe：approximately one in threemarriages breaks up in divorce，half of them in the first ten years of marriage. As a result，morepeople are getting remarried and there are now over a million single parents looking after 1.6million children. In the United States，the divorce rate is also high. For the year 1995，for example，thenumber of marriages was about 2.3 million and that of divorce cases was over 1.1 million. Manyhouseholds are single-parent families，mostly maintained by women. In 1994，there were 11.4million single parents，among whom 9.9 million were single mothers. Children from single-parentfamilies have less access to adult attention，less help with homeworkand less time with both parents than those with two-parent families.They were likely to drop out of school and fail in their futurecareer. 英美两国⼈寿命长，结婚晚，孩⼦少，并且⽐以往更容易离婚。
英美概况词汇
Glossarythe U.K.1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.the British Isles 不列颠群岛3.the Commonwealth 英联邦4.the Pennines 奔宁山地（奔宁山脉地区，有“英格兰的脊梁”之称）5.the Severn 塞汶河（英国最长河流）6.the Thames River 泰晤士河7.Ben Nevis 尼维斯山（英国最高峰）8.Stonehenge (威尔特郡的) 圆形石林9.the Ice Age 冰川期，冰河时代（距今一万多年前）10.the Lake District 湖区（英格兰东北部，以美丽的湖光山色著称）11.the native Celts 土著凯尔特人12.Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁-撒克逊人13.the Indo-European language family 印欧语系14.the Germanic Language 日尔曼语15.the bourgeois democracy 资产阶级民主16.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪17.the Church of England （the state church) 英国国教18.the Gunpowder plot of 1605 1605 年火药阴谋案19.enclosure movement 圈地运动20.No. 10 Downing Street 唐宁街10号(英国首相府邸)21.Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂22.the Tower of London 伦敦塔23.the Buckingham palace 白金汉宫24.Hyde Park （伦敦）海德公园（因常举行政治性集会而著称）25.Parliament Houses 议会大厦26.Norman Conquest 诺曼征服27.William the Conqueror 征服者威廉28.Julius Caesar 凯撒29.Mayflower 五月花号mon Law 习惯法31.the Act of Supremacy 至尊法案32.magistrates’ court 地方法庭33.the Bar Examination 取得律师资格的考试34.the Liberal Democratic Party 自民党35.the Conservative Party 保守党36.the Labor Party 工党37.the Government Party 执政党38.the British Cabinet 英国内阁39.shadow cabinet 影子内阁，预备内阁40.the Opposition Party 反对党41. the House of Lords (the Upper House) 上议院42.the House of Commons (the Lower House) 下议院43. the Privy Council 枢密院（国王的私人参议机构）44. Cabinet minister 内阁大臣45. the Lords Spiritual 上议院神职议员46. the Lords Temporal 上议院世俗议员47. Free Church 独立教派48.the circuit courts 巡回法庭49.the Great Charter 大宪章50.feudal aristocracy 封建贵族51.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪政体52.the Renaissance 文艺复兴53.Humanism 人文主义54.the Divine Rights of Kings 君权神授55.the original sin 原罪56.the Reformation 宗教改革57.the New Testament 新约全书58.the Old Testament 旧约全书59.Tudor Monarchy 都铎王朝60.Plantagenet Dynasty 金雀花王朝（英国历史上第一个王朝）61.Christian Church 基督教62.Islam 伊斯兰教63.Catholicism 天主教64.Protestantism 新教65.Puritanism 清教主义66.Martin Luther 马丁·路德（宗教领袖）67.the Industrial Revolution 工业革命68.the Glorious Revolution 光荣革命69.Roman Civilization 罗马文明70.primitive accumulation of capital 资本的原始积累71.the Chartist Movement 宪章运动（1838-1848）72.the British Empire 大英帝国73.Oliver Cromwell 克伦威尔74.Margaret Thatcher 撒切尔75.Winston Churchill 丘吉尔76.Bloody Mary 血腥玛丽（英国国王亨利八世之女，为强行恢复天主教，血腥镇压新教徒而得名）77.Pope 罗马教皇78.archbishop 大主教79.Hebrews 希伯莱人80.Jewish Church 犹太教81.the Foreign Secretary 外交大臣82.the Chancellor of the Exchequer 财政大臣83.the Secretary of State 国务大臣84. the Prime Minister 首相85. general election 大选86.grammar school 文法学校87.boarding school 寄宿学校88.prep school or preparatory school 预科学校89.public or private school (GB) 私立学校pulsory full-time education 全日制义务教育91. GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) 中学教育普通证书92. GNVQ（General National V ocational Qualification）国家普通职业资格证书93. Compulsory Education 义务教育94. Secondary Education 中等教育95. Further Education 延续教育96. Higher Education 高等教育97. Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron 公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵、男爵98. the Whig Party 辉格党99. Fabian Society 费边社100. Lord Chancellor 大法官101. legislative branch 立法机构102. executive branch 行政机构103. the B.B.C. (the British Broadcasting Corporation) 英国广播公司104. Reuters (Reuters News Agency) 路透社105. Easter （耶稣）复活节（指每年过春分月圆后第一个星期日）106. Good Friday 耶稣受难日107.Guy Fawkes Day 盖伊·福克斯日（11月5日英国庆祝1605年火药阴谋案主谋之一Guy Fawkes 被捕的纪念日）108.the Times 《泰晤时报》109.the Guardian 《英国卫报》110.Daily Express （英）《每日快报》111. the Anglican Church英国圣公会；英国国教112.the Archbishop of Canterbury坎特伯雷大主教113.the Authorized Version（基督教《圣经》的）英译钦定本114.the Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役115.Big Ben（伦敦议会厅上）大钟116.the Black Death黑死病117.Boxing Day节礼日118.the British Museum大不列颠博物馆119.East End伦敦东区120.Gaelic盖尔语121.the Garden of Eden伊甸园122.the Gospels福音123.Great Council国王咨询会议124.the League of Nations国际联盟125.the Lend-Lease Act租借法126.Lord Protector护国公127.the Nonconformist Church不信奉英国国教的教会128.the Orthodox Eastern Church东正教129.Poll Tax人头税130.the Tory Party托利党the U.S.A.1.the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾2.gold rush 淘金热3.the Appalachian Mountains 阿巴拉契亚山脉4.the Rockies 落基山脉5.the National Grand Canyon Park 大峡谷国家公园ernment principles 政府原则7.delegated powers 特有权8.separation of powers/ division of power 权力分配9.racial discrimination 种族歧视10.the Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布11.the Great Lakes 五大湖12.the Mississippi River 密西西比河13.the Yellow Stone National Park 国立黄石公园14.the Bering Strait 白令海峡15.the New England 新英格兰（指美国东北部的六个州）16.ABC (American Broadcasting Corporation) 美国广播公司17.the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (ATT) 美国电话电报公司18.Capitol Hill 国会山19.the Pentagon 五角大楼20.the Senate 参议院21.House of Representatives 众议院22.Statue of Liberty 自由女神23.the White House 白宫24.Chinatown 唐人街25.the Pilgrim Fathers 移居美国的一批英国清教徒26.the Stamp Tax 印花税27.the Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件28.No taxation without representation 没有代表权不缴税29.Continental Congress 大陆会议30.the War of Independence 独立战争31.Federalists and Anti-Federalists 联邦派与反联邦派32.Bill of Rights 人权法案33.the Emancipation Proclamation 解放黑奴宣言34.the Federal Reserve Act 联邦储备条例35.the Korean War 朝鲜战争36.the Chinese V olunteers 中国人民志愿军37.the Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义38.the beat generation 垮了的一代39.the Watergate Affair 水门事件40.the Pearl Harbor incident 日本偷袭珍珠港事件41.Thanksgiving Day 感恩节(the 4th Thursday in Nov.)42.Independence Day 独立纪念日(July 4th)43.St. Valentine’s Day 圣瓦伦丁节(Feb. 14th)44.The Declaration of Independence 独立宣言45.the constitutional convention 制宪会议46.the American Constitution (Constitution of the United States) 美国宪法（世界上第一部成文宪法）47.the Monroe doctrine 门罗主义48.Ku Klux Klan 三K党49.the American Civil War 美国内战50.Lost Generation 迷茫的一代51.the appeasement policy 绥靖政策52.the Allies 同盟国53.the Civil Rights Movement 民权运动54.federalism 联邦主义55.the Department of State 国务院56.the Defense Department 国防部57.the Justice Department 司法部58.impeach 弹劾59.brain trust 智囊团60.the Democratic Party 民主党61.the Republican Party 共和党62.FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) 联邦调查局63.CIA (The Central Intelligence Agency) 中情局64.Washington Post 《华盛顿邮报》65.The New York Times 《纽约时报》66.The Wall Street Journal 《华尔街日报》67.Associated Press (AP) 美联社68.the New York Stock Exchange 纽约股票交易所69.melting pot 大熔炉70.Great Depression 大萧条71.Ivy League Schools 常青藤联盟72.European Community 欧共体73.the inauguration ceremony 就职仪式74. the Chinese Exclusion Act 排华法案75. checks and balances 相互制衡制度76. Chief Justice and Associate Justice 首席大法官与大法官77. Courts of Appeals 上诉法院78. the Supreme Court 最高法院79. the abolition movement废奴运动80.the American Socialist Labor Party 美国社工党81. Anti-War Movement反战运动82.the Axis Powers轴心国83.the Battle of Gettysburg葛底斯堡战役84.the Boston Massacre波士顿惨案85.the Cairo Conference 开罗会议86.Cambridge University剑桥大学87.the Cold War 冷战88.Containment Policy 遏制政策89.Harriet Beecher Stowe斯托夫人90. Harvard University 哈佛大学91. Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划92. the “New Deal”新政93. the “Open Door Policy” 门户开放政策94. the Quakers贵格教会（教友派）95. the Rockefeller Interest Group洛克菲勒财团96. the Salvation Army救世军97. sit-in demonstration静坐示威运动98. Westward Movement 西进运动99. Wilson’s Fourteen Points威尔逊的十四点建议100. Yale University耶鲁大学。
英国概况 Britain(英文)
BritainChapter OneGeography. People and LanguageNew Words & Phrases.temperate 温带、和的precipitation 降雨量latitude 纬度immigrant 移民colony 殖民地diverse 多样化的Germanic 日尔曼语系的evolve 演变，发展Vikings 北欧海盗codify 编簨,系统化undocumented 无文件记载的subsequently 随后的barbarian 野蛮人division 部分，分界线husbandary 饲养业missionary 传教士monastery 修道院I.Geography1.full name: the United Kindom of Great Britain and Northen Lreland.2.Location: the U.K locates to the northwest of mainland Europe,an island countrysurrounded by sea,It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean.3.Area: 242.910 square kilometersposition: British Isles5.Political division: England, Scotland, Wales, Northen Island6.Mountain: Ben Nevis (本尼维斯)，1st 1343m7.River: Seven River (塞文河)，1st ,338km (in Wales)Thames River(in England), 2nd ,336kmke: Lough Neagh(内湖)，1st ,338km(in Northern Ireland)9.climate:a maritime climateplentiful preciperationfoggy,rainy, instablility10:Major Cities:1st :London,capital2nd :Birmingham(伯明翰)3rd :Leeds(利兹)II.People1.Race:the English 81.5%The Scottish 9.6%The Irish 1.9%The North Irish 7%2.Population: 60 million (a 2005 estimate)3.Religion: Christianitynguage: English is a member of the Indo-European family of language. It is in the Germanic group of this family.1.PeriodsOld English(5th -1150)The Angles,Saxons and Jutes drove the Celtic-speaking people out of what is now England into Scotland,Wales, and the Ireland in the 5th and 6th century, they used the language of northeastern regien of the Netherland—that is now called Old English.Middle English(1150-1550)In 1066, William, the Conqueror invaded and conquered England, they used French as the official language,so many French words came into English vocabulary. English day by day evolved into what is now referred to as Middle English.Modern English(1550-now)In 1467, The printing press was introduced by William Caxton,who brought standardization to English, the dialect of London became the standard. Spelling and grammar became fixed.2.Standard EnglishIt is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England, adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media.It is used as much in printed material and is normally taught in schools and to non –native speakers learning language. It is called Queen’s English or BBC English. At present, nearly a quarter of the world’s population use English. It has became a universal linguia francaChapter Two HistoryNew words and Phrasespious 虔诚的coronation 加冕feudalism 封建制度charter 宪章constitution 宪法provision 条款parliament 议会monarchy 君主制度Puritan 清教徒dominion 领土，统治权retake 收回originate 发源maritime 海上的，靠海的norm 准则dialect 方言，地方话Christianity 基督教the British Isles 不列颠群岛Guildhall 市政厅St.Paul’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂Indo-European family of language 印欧语系Northen Ireland 北爱尔兰I.The Origin of the Nation (55BC-1066AC)国家的起源史前史：巨石阵：In 2500BC，TheBeaker folk(比克人) invaded the British islands,they built the Stonshenge in 1800BC-1400BC。
英语国家-英国概况扩展课件04 English Class structure
Warm-Up
Discuss the Following Questions
3. Put Industrial revolution as a band, compare the difference of the class in the two periods
British Culture and Social Life
Introduction
What is culture? Culture refers to the patterns of behavior and
thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share. What elements do a people’s culture include?
❖ In 17th century, people began to consider merchants, clergymen, and military officers as belonging to the middle class. They continued to expand. Their demand and struggle contributed to the development of democracy and equality in Britain. Today the middle class is the biggest and most important class in Britain.
Chapter one英国概况
Company Law and Framework of
Industry
• UK is a market economy,the system is capitalism which protect private ownership and free enterprise
• “limited liability”(Ltd),legal entity different from shareholder; public company
wear wigs(假发） • 3.Emphasis deference, obedient and good manner • 4.Generation gap: youngsters P37
The national flag of the United Kingdom is called “Union Jack”.
Chapter one英国概况
Section One The British Isles and Great Britain
• 1. Names and Position • a) the British Isles • b) Britain ( Great Britain) • c) England, Scotland, Wales • d) Northern Ireland • e) The United Kingdom- The United Kingdom
basis of the dialect near London, this gave birth to the official English Language • 2) The arrival of the Normans with their French language influence English a lot: spelling; French rules in writing; large number of French words into English
介绍英国国家组成的英语作文
介绍英国国家组成的英语作文The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the UK, is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. It comprises four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, each with its own distinct culture, history, and traditions, yet united under a single government and political system.England is the largest and most populous of the four, with London serving as the capital city of both England and the entire United Kingdom. England boasts a rich history dating back to the Roman occupation, the Anglo-Saxon period, and the Norman Conquest, which have significantly shaped its language, culture, and politics. The country is renowned for its literature, from Shakespeare to themodern-day writers, its vibrant music scene, including rock, pop, and classical composers, and its iconic landmarks such as the Tower of London, Big Ben, and Buckingham Palace.Scotland, located to the north of England, is famous for its rugged landscapes, including the Highlands and the Loch Ness, as well as its vibrant cultural heritage. Known for its distinctive Gaelic language, tartan patterns, bagpipes, andwhiskey, Scotland has a strong sense of national identity. Edinburgh, the capital, is renowned for its medieval castle, the Royal Mile, and the annual Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the world's largest arts festival. Scottish politics have often been distinct from those of England, leading to debates on Scottish independence and the preservation of its unique identity within the UK.Wales, situated in the west of the UK, is a land of mountains, valleys, and coastal beauty. Welsh culture is deeply rooted in its language, Cymraeg (Welsh), which is still spoken widely, especially in rural areas. Wales is also known for its traditional music, including the haunting sound of the harp, and its love of rugby union, a sport that holds a special place in the hearts of many Welsh people. Cardiff, the capital, is a thriving city with a rich cultural scene and is home to the Welsh National Opera and the Millennium Stadium.Northern Ireland, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, shares a border with the Republic of Ireland. Its history is marked by centuries of conflict and division, with the Troubles being a particularly tumultuous period. Despite these challenges, Northern Ireland has a vibrant culture influencedby both Irish and British traditions. Belfast, the capital, is a city of regeneration, with its Titanic Quarter showcasing the city's industrial past and its thriving arts and cultural scene. Northern Ireland also has a strong sense of its own identity, while being part of the UK.Together, these four nations form a diverse and fascinating country, where ancient traditions coexist with modernity, and where people from all walks of life come together to celebrate their shared heritage and respect their unique differences. The United Kingdom is a true melting pot of cultures, making it an exciting and enriching destination for visitors from around the world.。
高二英语the-british-isle课件
孟菲斯出土过一个有名的金牛墓，这是大家都知道的，让我感到新奇的是，一位讲解员指着阶梯金字塔前一块足球场大小的沙地说，这是一个选拔统治者的斗牛场，有一段时间，古埃及把在这里获 胜的斗牛上选作自己的领袖。这是我在书本中没有读到过的，连忙迎上前去反复盘问，这位讲解员以专家的口气再一次肯定，而且说，这种一斗牛三十年，一次，有一位统治者连续获胜两次。这使我惊 讶，因为到第二次，这位统治者无论如何不可能年轻了，居然还能，力敌天下。
共2页: 上一页12下一页
从开罗向南二十公里，有一个地方叫孟菲斯(Memphis)，早在大金字塔建造前一百年，就已经是统一的埃及的首都。著名法老左赛尔（Zor）的陵寝阶梯金字塔也建造在这里。建造的地方还有一个小 地名叫撒卜拉(Sakkara)，因此又叫撒卡拉金字塔。多多游戏中心
我还没有足够的资料证明讲解员所说的事情属实，但粗粗一想觉得当时的统治者要做的事确实与斗牛士要做的事差不多，无非是挑战强暴、躲避伤害、机敏处置、虚与委蛇，这一切与斗牛没有什么 区别。只不过统治者要驾驭的牛十分庞大，是埃及。
高中英语 基础巩固(Unit 5 The British Isles)大纲人教版第二册
高中英语人教大纲版第2册根底稳固〔Unit 5The British Isles〕根底稳固汉英翻译1.由……组成或构成答案:consist of2.充分利用；充分展示答案:make the most of3.〔使〕连在一起；〔使〕团结一致答案:hold together4.在某处；一度答案:at one point5.在……上面驶过答案:run over6.比……有优势答案:have advantages over7.代表；表示；象征答案:stand for8.总的来说答案:in general9.全年；一整年答案:throughout the year10.以……结束；最终……答案:end up with11.非常有价值答案:be of great value12.远达答案:as far as13.毫无疑问答案:without doubt单项填空1.The murderer tried to run away from the prison but he getting arrested by the police.A.ended upB.broke upC.started upD.cut up解析:end up doing sth.“以做某事而结束；最终……〞。
答案:A2. you’ll have a greater chance of finding a suitable job if you have done some part-time jobs.A.GenerallyB.EspeciallyC.MainlyD.Surprisingly解析:Generally常置于句首，相当于In general或Generally speaking，表示“总的来说〞。
答案:A3.Overheating development might have bad on the national economy.A.causeB.resultC.factorD.influence解析:“开展过热可能会给国民经济产生不良影响。
英国概况第二章提纲
Chapter 2 The Monarchy, Politics, and GovernmentThree branches Queen / King1. The legislative branch: the parliament House of Lords—upperHouse of Commons – lowerThe central government2. The Executive branch government departmentsLocal governments3. The Judicial branch: independent of the legislative and executive branch1.The Monarchy ( Constitutional Monarchy君主立宪制)●The monarchy in Britain can be traced back to the days before the NormanConquest in 1066.●Religious controversy between James II and the Parliament led to the 1688 palacecoup –the Glorious Revolution, which marked the establishment of the limited constitutional monarchy.●Towards the end of the 18th century, the king’s power began to dwindle sharply.●There is no written law to define exactly the power of the English Monarch.Theoretically, the monarch embodied supremacy as the head of state.●The British government is called Her (His) Majesty’s Government. The word Royalis used in place of national●The Queen summons and dissolves Parliament.●When a new Parliament opens, the Queen gives the opening speech in which sheout lines the Government’s major polices.●Bills passed by the Parliament must win the Royal Assent before going into effect.●She appoints minister and other important officials (On the advice of the primeminister).●She is commander-in-Chief of the armed services.●She concludes treaties with foreign countries and declares war.●She confers noble titles and honours.●She is Supreme Governor of the Church of England.●The Queen seems very powerful, but in reality she is only a figure-head.●The succession to the throne is not decided by the royal family alone. Only theProtestant descendants of the royal family are eligible.●Why do the English choose to maintain the monarchy? To many Englishmen, themonarch is the symbol of English nation. It embodies the development of Englishhistory and its continuity. English monarch is a live state emblem.2.The Nobility and House of Lords(the upper house)●Their noble titles and estates were hereditary. The five titles of nobility in Britainare Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount and Baron. All the people with noble titles are certain members of the House of Lords. They are generally referred to as ―Lords‖.●Apart from these hereditary titles of nobility, there are a number of other titles ofhonour whose bearers are not nobles. The best known of them is knighthood. A knight is called Sir. The title is not heritable. Another title is baronet which can be passed down to the next generation. But baronet is not a noble.●All the noble title bearers are certain member of the Upper House.●Many Lords are experts in different fields, their opinion and criticism are importantfor the government. Their debates and discussions are usually of a higher level than those in Lower House. Sometimes the can get a bill amended through their influence.●The president of the Upper House is called the Lord Chancellor who was once theking’s chief advisor and right-hand man.3. The House of Commons (the lower house)* Why it is called ―House of Commons?* The house of commons is made up of 650 Members of Parliament (MPs).* Members hold their seats for 5 years.* The party which wins sufficient seats at a general election to command a majority of supporters in the House of Commons is asked to form the government by the Queen. As a result, the party itself becomes known as the Government (Party). The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes known as the Opposition (Party).* The main function of the House of Commons is law-making and the process is characterized by heated debates between the Government and the Opposition.* The life of Parliament is divided into periods called ―sessions.‖ A session normally lasts about a year, from October of one year to about the same date of the next year.* How are laws passed?1) In Britain, a bill is usually written by government or a member of parliament. It takes quite a time to prepare the bill with a lot of consultations and discussions with the civil servants in different departments. After the bill is written, it is handed to the parliament. It starts its travel in wither house, usually, it starts in the House of Commons.2) The first reading: A member of parliament, an MP from the government reads the name of the bill to the parliament.3) The second reading: The parliament members talk about it. The writer talks about it, and the MPs ask questions. There are a lot of debates and discussions on the principles, purposes, etc. Then there is a vote. If the result is ―Y es‖, then it goes to a committee. If ―No‖, it can go no further. Usually, most of the bills can go to the committee.4) When the bill arrives at the committee, the committee will take the bill for detailed examination, and make possible changes, but every change of the bill has to be voted out. The committee gives a report on the bill. The committee can also change it if they want to. They also vote on every change.5) The third reading: It is actually a final discussion and debate of the bill. All MPs vote on the bill. By this stage, they can not change it any more. If the answer is ―Y es‖, it goes to the upper house.6) When it is in the upper house, it goes to the same stages as in the lower house. If they make changes, the bill has to be returned to the lower house. The commons vote on the lords’ changes. If they disagree, the bill waits for one year. The commons will submit bill directly to the Queen. This time it will not go to the upper house, then it still becomes effective. If the bill is also agreed by the upper house, the bill will be submitted to the Queen. After the Queen gives her signature on the bill, then it becomes a law. Theoretically speaking, if the Queen disagrees, she will not put her name on it. But for about 300 years, the answer of the Queen has always been ―Y es‖.4. The British Government* The Privy Council: It was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and gave private advice to the King. So the Privy Council was also called the King’s Council in history. Today its role is largely formal, advising the Sovereign to approve certain government decrees.* The British Government, called Her Majesty’s Government, refers to the various departments and their agencies under the leadership of the Prime Minister. The nucleus of the Government is known as the Cabinet which is composed of the Prime Minister and heads of the most important departments. … are always included. These ministers are called cabinet ministers.* ―Go to the Country‖(解散议会)举行大选it is used only when the prime minister loses his support fro the lower house.Government Department and the Civil Service:* The principal government departments include: The Treasury, the House of office, the Foreign and Commonwealth office, the Ministry of Defense, etc.* Members of the Civil Service are called Civil Servants. They are recruited mainly by competitive examination. They do not belong to any political party. Changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff.Local Government: …5. The Judicial Branch* The UK does not have a written constitution. The constitution is not contained in a single book. It is formed by different parts: common law不成文法, statute/act of parliament, convention/equity law衡平法, EU law (rules and regulations of the EU). * The Attorney General检察总长and Solicitor General副检察总长also share some of the duties, because there is no Minister of Justice.* In Britain, they have bifurcated bar律师二元制. In UK, when you have trouble with law, you go to a solicitor for help, and if the problem is not serious, the solicitor can help you solve it; but if the problem is very serious, you need to go to the higher court, then the solicitor will hire a barrister for you, and the barrister will speak for you in the higher court. In other words, the barrister represents the client in the higher court. It is the barrister who actually goes to the court to represent the client. The solicitor gives you legal advice, prepare legal cases, but he can appear in lower court.6. Political Parties* Two major parties in Britain: Conservative party and Labour Party.* The conservative party is the party of the right. The Conservative party developed from Tory which appeared under King CharlesⅡafter 1660. The Tory party changed its name into Conservative party in the middle of the 19th century. By the 19th century, the conservative party mainly represented the interests of the middle class, and it was usually regarded the party of right. They favored private ownership of enterprise. For example, they want the state to interfere less in the economic affairs. In foreign affairs, they are eager to protest the interests of Britain, they did not want to give up the former colony. They favored hard-line policy towards the colony..* In 1900, the Labour party came into being. It’s organized by unionists(trade union, different from China’s), liberals, socialists and members of Fabian society. It was regarded as the party of the left (non-revolution). It believes in the pursuit of great economy and the social equality, nationalization. The labor party represented the interests of underprivileged / poor people. In foreign relation, they favor the colony towin independence from UK, and they were not so hostile to the socialist country.* There are other parties in UK, e.g.: communist party, socialist party, etc. But the two major parties take turns to rule over the country.。
英国四部分简介
Just over half (54%) of the Scottish population reported being a Christian while nearly 37% reported not having a religion in a 2011 census.
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, located in Lothian on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. It is the second most populous city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom.
St Patrick's Saltire is sometimes used by the British government to represent Northern Ireland.
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.[3][4] Standing on the River Thames in the south east of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
The ports of London, Liverpoo （ 利 物 浦） ,Newcastle （纽卡斯尔） lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn （ 赛 文 河 ） is the longest river flowing through England.
高二英语Unit5 The British Isles 复习教案汇总
高二英语Unit5 The British Isles 复习教案汇总高二英语Unit The British Isles 复习教案汇总Setin I 前准备、听力、口语1 Nae five iprtant ities in the United ingd 说出联合王国(即英国)中五座重要城市的名字。
(p33 aring Up Ex2)nae动词，意为“说出……的名称(名字)；给……取名，命名；任命，提名；决定，说定”等。
如：①an u nae all the plants and trees in this garden? 你能叫得出这个花园的所有花草树木的名称吗? ②The uple naed the hild Di 这对夫妇给孩子取名迪克。
③r ihael has been naed as the ne anager 迈克尔先生被任命为新的经理。
④Please nae the da fr ur edding 请(你)决定我们婚礼的日子。
【拓展】nae构成的短语：rth (rth f) the nae名副其实的；in the nae f 凭……的权威；以……的名义；all sb naes辱骂某人；nae after 以……名字命名；nae sb fr提名某人担任(某职务)；n sb b nae仅仅知道某人的名字(没有见过面)2 The nversatin rshp is taught n ednesda afternn 谈话技巧研讨会的上时间是星期三的下午。
(p33 Listening Ex1 N 1)1) 上句中rshp的词义并非“车间；工厂；作坊；工作室”之意，而是“研习会，专题学术讨论会”的意思。
2) 介词n表示时间的用法：(1) 用在“日期(date)，几号”和“星期几”之前。
如：n ul 1st (= n the firstf ul)在7月l号(那一天)；n ednesda在星期三；n Sundas每逢星期天(2) 用在“特定”的早、晚、日间、上午、下午等之间。
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logic order 12 environment
• • • • • • • • • • • environment1 people1 environment and people people do what to environment people should do what because of environment people study about nature environment is discovered environment is presented people continue to love animals animals are like human beings animals is raised by human beings
logic order 4 introduction
• • • • • • • • reason or law optimized special point process function process test of hypothesis on law negative tolerance
• without any centralized idea, all the points owuld be included without any bias
logic order 11 judgment
• it's simple/intruiging/straightforward/surprisingly right/unclear/preferable
• • • • • one object previously 1 previously 1+1 previously 1+1+1 now 1+1+1+1
logic order 3 description
• • • • external-internal relationship-road-location compound-object on/in.....with/from/through whom/what/how....where/when.....
logic order 9 negative confirmation
• • • • • • • • • no one would not believe-YES no one would love you, but i do-YES everyone no longer love you until you can do this-YES had not you do this, people never believe in you-YES hardly i oculd control, i try to control-YES so hard i tried, i nearly fail-YES i never want to admit that i love you-YES there is no denying the fact -YES i reluctant to accept you-YES
logic order 8 factual denial
• • • • • • • • • • only if XXXX-NO i would have XXXX-NO whether it would be like that or not-NO unless, but -NO but is he really like that???-NO no one would agree with his opinion -NO to achieve it could be impossible-NO i originally think so -NO if it was not you, i would-NO it is u makes me feel XXX-NO
logic order 15 intro-extro
• i want to design sustainable goods, because goods once are so poor, people think they love service ? • object1- example and extension • i want to design sustainable goods, +beautiful goods • object1-theory's insetion suddenly • i want to design sustainable goods, theory says sustainability is important, i continue to design in XXX • object1-irrelevant object1's meaning • i want wo design sustainable goods +they are culturally good • object1-irrelevant object2 • i want to design sustainable goods, +the technique is XXXXX.
logic order 1 parallel
• • • • • • one point sub point1 sub point2 sub point1-illustration sub point2-illustration generalization of one point
logic order 2 development
logic order 5 phenomenon and essence
• • • • • • • • random phenomenon definition-concept presentation of phenomenon generalization factor1-example to show agreement factor2-example to show opposite factor3-example to show extension no end
British structure
~
time order
• in 1980-as benchmark • compare to 1950 • record 1980,3,1980,5,1980,11
people order
• • • • • • • • • • majority believe, i believe most believe, some believe, others believe similar to others' beliefs, i agree opposite to others' beliefs, i insist on unlike others' beliefs, i progressively think i suppose, many also think so many people make mistakes, however i believe so i believe so, others do not believe, later they all believe so i believe so, i ask one or two friends to agree with me i believe so, i find there are many acholars who have also believe so
logic order 6 comparison
• • • • • • object1 object 1's entity1 compare with entity2 object 1's use1 compare with use2 object 1's scale compare with scale2 object 1 compare with object 2 object1's past compare with object1's future
logic order 14 idea
• main idea • object1-new and old
• i want to design sustainable goods, once is is private, not it is mass production ?
• object1-object1 and object2 • i want to design sustainable good, and technique. • object1-object1's cause and effect • i want to design sustainable goods, the factor is others all do like this • object1-others' opinion and thrown away
logic order 10 relevance
• • • • • • object1's past and present past benefit present benefit present's benefit and past' drawback present's development of past benefit present's benefit and past similarity
logic order 13 content
• 1. sample1, but variable sample2, further variable sample3, except sample4 • 2.sample1 and sample2 are good, but not economic, sample 3 is perfect • 3. sample 1 prepares for sample2, which last long • 4. sample in year1 and year 2-3-4-5 • 5. sample comparison: sample1, sample2, sample3, sample1's position in content, sample2's detail in content, sample3's limitation in content, sample4's specialty in content, sample 5's highlights in content • 6.sample1, sample1's part1, sample1's part2, sample3's part3, sample1's part4 • 7. sample 1's fake phenomenon, sample1's correct phenomenon, sample1's variable phenomenon, sample1's application, sample1's application's exception, sample1's application's exception's explanation.