中考英语语法大全——宾语从句

中考英语语法大全——宾语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。包括动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有从属连词that, whether,if；连接代词who，whom,whose,which,what等；连接副词when, where, why, how等。宾语从句的三大考点是时态、语序和引导词。

一、宾语从句的引导词

在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句与从句之间要有一个连接词来引导从句，这个连接词称为宾语从句的引导句。宾语从句的引导词分三类，一是连接代词that，二是连词if和whether，三是特殊疑问句。

1.that引导的宾语从句

宾语从句是陈述句时，用连词that引导。that在从句中只起引导作用，没有词义，不做句子成分，在口语中常常省略。如：

We believe that he is honest.

I suggest that we should go tomorrow,

We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain.

I didn't know (that) he was LiLei.

She said that she would come to the meeting.

I promise you (that) I will be there.

2. if/whether引导的宾语从句

当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，从句要用if或whether引导， if和whether 意为“是否”，在句中不做句子成分，也不能省略。

I asked him if he was busy.

I asked him whether he was coming.

I don’t know if (whether) he'll arrive in time.

I didn’t know whether they liked the place.

I wonder if it's large enough.

She didn't say if he was still alive.

I don't know whether he'll arrive in time.

I asked her whether she agreed.

[辨析]if和whether的用法区别:

if引导宾语从句，意思是“是否”，可与whether互换使用，if往在口语中用得较多,whether

多用于书面语及正式的场合。

（1）在引导否定概念的宾语从向时，只能用if，而不用whether。如：

He asked me if I hadn't finished my work.

在下列情况下多用whether而不用if：

①在动词不定式之前只能用whether，而不用if。如：

I can't decide whether to stay.

He doesn't know whether to visit that old man again.

②在介所后的宾语从向，只能用whether引导而不用if。如：

His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.

③当宾语从句置于句首表示强调时用whether引导不宜用if。如:

Whether he lives there， I want to know.

④与or not连用时用whether连接而不用if。如：

I don't know whether or not they will come for our help.

⑤在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。如:

We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.

⑥在及物动词know后的宾语从句，为避免产生歧义常用whether而不用if引导。如: Let me know whether he has left for Shanghai.

3. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句

当宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词就是引导词。如：

I don't know who/ whom you mean.

Please tell me which you like.

You don't know what you are talking about.

He asked why he had to go alone.

I asked how he was getting on.

He knows where they live.

I’d like to know when they will let him out.

二、宾语从句的时态

出题点:宾语从句的时态

宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态。宾语从句的时态分为以下两种情况:

1.时态的变化

当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用相应的过去时态。

The policewoman asked the little boy where he lived.

一般过去时一般过去时

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.

一般过去时过去将来时

2.时态的不变化

(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或者祈使句时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。

eg: ——Do you know how Amy came to school thismorning?

一般现在时一般过去时

——Her bike was broken, so she had to walk.

eg: I don't know when he will come back.

一般现在时一般将来时

eg: Please tell me whom you went to the garden with this morning.