CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTERANNUAL AND INTERDECADAL TIMESCALES OF EVAPORATION IN NORTHERN CHINA
江南雨季降水季节内演变及其年际、年代际变化特征
江南雨季降水季节内演变及其年际、年代际变化特征詹丰兴;章开美;何金海;章毅之;尚可【摘要】In this study,the characteristics of intraseasonal evolution of precipitation in the rainy season of Jiangnan (24-30°N,110-120°E) and its interannual and interdecadal variations are researched,using daily precipitation data for the period of 1961-2008,based on the analysis of climatic characteristics of precipitation over southeastern China.The results are as follows:1) A significant twin-peak feature in the intraseasonal evolution of precipitation in Jiangnan is demonstrated,with mid-April and mid-June as the twin-peak periods.The peak precipitation first appears in Jiangnan in mid-to late April,then extends southward.Southern China reaches its peak precipitation period in early to mid-June,after which the heavy precipitation center moves northward,and Jiangnan experiences the second precipitation peak in mid-to late June.Meanwhile,the precipitation in the Jianghuai area(32-35°N) shows a single peak type.The first peak of the Jiangnan rainy season appears very early,and this is the first sign of the rainy season in eastern China.The second peak is the performance of the main rain belt moving northward.2) The correlation coefficient between the regional averaged twin-peak precipitation in Jiangnan and actual precipitation is 0.69,which indicates that the twin-peak precipitation shows the intraseasonal evolution features of the Jiangnan rainy season.The precipitation intensity of the Jiangnan rainy season mainly depends on the precipitation intensity of the bimodal peak in the rainy season(April-June),and this also shows that the twin-peak precipitation characteristics in the Jiangnan area can reflect the change characteristics of the actual precipitation.3) The twin-peak precipitation of the Jiangnan rainy season displays significant interannual and interdecadal variations.The interannual periods are found every 2-3 years,and strong signals are mainly centeredin the late 1960s to 1970s and mid-1980s to the beginning of the 21st century,while the interdecadal periods are shown every 8-10 years on the whole time domain,and their strong signals are centered in the early 1980s to late 1990s.4) On the interdecadal scale,although the intraseasonal features of precipitation display a significant twinpeak precipitation pattern in the Jiangnan rainy season,the characteristics of the intraseasonal evolution also show skipped-significant features.A twin-peak precipitation pattern is notable in the 1960s,1980s and the beginning of the 21st century,while in the 1970s and 1990s the twin-peak pattern is insignificant.%利用1961-2008年逐日降水资料,在对比我国东南部各地区气候态降水特征的基础上,着重探讨了江南地区(110～120°E、24～30°N)雨季降水的季节内变化特征及其年际、年代际变化规律.结果表明:1)江南雨季气候态降水的季节内变化具有明显的双峰型特征,两个峰值集中期分别是4、6月中旬前后.4月中下旬第一个降水峰值率先出现在江南地区,之后峰值降水南移,于6月上中旬华南地区达峰值集中期,之后强降水才逐渐北移,6月中下旬又回至江南地区,使江南地区降水达第二个峰值集中期.2)我国江南地区区域平均的双峰降水与4 6月的实际降水之间的相关系数达0.69,这表明双峰型降水确实反映了江南雨季降水的季节内演变特征.3)江南雨季降水双峰型的季节内变化特征具有明显的年际、年代际变化周期.年际变化周期为2～3a,强信号主要集中在20世纪60年代后期到70年代中期以及80年代中期到21世纪初;年代际变化周期约为8～10a,在整个时间域上都存在,最强信号集中在80年代初到90年代末期.4)年代际尺度上,江南雨季降水的季节内变化特征(双峰型态)具有隔代显著的特征,即20世纪60、80年代及21世纪初双峰型特征显著,而20世纪70、90年代双峰型特征不显著.【期刊名称】《大气科学学报》【年(卷),期】2017(040)006【总页数】10页(P759-768)【关键词】江南雨季;双峰型;季节内变化;年际变化;年代际变化【作者】詹丰兴;章开美;何金海;章毅之;尚可【作者单位】南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044;江西省气象局,江西南昌330096;江西省气象服务中心,江西南昌330096;南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044;江西省气候中心,江西南昌330096;南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044【正文语种】中文江南地区主要指包括江西、湖南、福建大部、浙江南部,即24～30°N范围内的我国东南部地区。
东亚冬季风指数对中国冬季气候变化表征能力的对比分析
doi:10.11676/qxxb2024.20230111气象学报东亚冬季风指数对中国冬季气候变化表征能力的对比分析*敖康顺1 耿 新1 张文君1 王 林1,2AO Kangshun1 GENG Xin1 ZHANG Wenjun1 WANG Lin1,21. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，南京，2100442. 中国科学院大气物理研究所季风系统研究中心，北京，1000291. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education，Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change，Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters，Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology，Nanjing 210044，China2. Center for Monsoon System Research，Institute of Atmospheric Physics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029，China2023-07-28收稿，2023-11-17改回.敖康顺，耿新，张文君，王林. 2024. 东亚冬季风指数对中国冬季气候变化表征能力的对比分析. 气象学报，82（2）：168-189Ao Kangshun， Geng Xin， Zhang Wenjun， Wang Lin. 2024. Comparative analysis of the performance of East Asian winter monsoon indices in capturing winter climate change over China. Acta Meteorologica Sinica， 82（2）:168-189Abstract Based on the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis dataset and the stational surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation data from China National Climate Centre during 1951—2022, 33 East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) indices are selected and categorized into six types, namely the land-sea sea-level pressure (SLP) difference indices, the Siberian high indices, the East Asian trough indices, the low-level wind indices, the mid- to high-level wind indices, and the synthetic indices. Characteristics of their long-term linear trends and interannual and interdecadal variabilities are then analyzed. Their abilities to represent the spatiotemporal variability of winter SAT and precipitation in China and their relationships with major internal variabilities of the climate system such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) are also evaluated. The results are as follows: (1) In terms of long-term trend, although winter climate in China is characterized by an obvious warming and wetting trend, only the East Asian trough and the synthetic indices exhibit a significant weakening trend, while other indices basically show a weak strengthening trend. This result suggests that there are certain differences in the responses of different sub-members of the EAWM to current global warming. (2) On the interannual and interdecadal variability, the EAWM indices mainly show characteristics of quasi-4 a, quasi-8 a and quasi-16 a periodic oscillations. Most of the indices can well capture the interdecadal weakening of the EAWM that occurred around the mid to late 1980s. Meanwhile, the Siberian high indices, the East Asian through indices, the mid- to high-level wind indices and the land-sea SLP difference indices which consider the north-south SLP difference, show a good representation of the interdecadal strengthening of the EAWM that occurred in the mid-2000s. (3) All types of indices, except the low-level wind indices, perform well in reflecting the SAT variability in China. In particular, the indices based on the Siberian high show the best performance. The winter precipitation variability in China is best described by the low-level wind indices, while the Siberian high indices show relatively poor representation. (4) Regarding the relationship between major internal variability of the climate system and the EAWM, most of the indices show an excellent performance in reflecting the ENSO-EAWM relationship, among which the* 资助课题：国家自然科学基金项目（42125501）。
Characteristics of the Renaissance
• The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo
Science
• 1543' Vesalius' studies inspired interest in human anatomy.
• Galileo Galilei. Portrait in crayon by Renaissance sculptor Leone Leoni
• Mona Lisa
• The Last Supper
• Vitruvian Man
• Portrait of Michelangelo by Jacopino del Conte at the age of 60
• The Statue of Da 1504, is one of the most renowned works of the Renaissance.
Humanism
• Lorenzo de’ Medici, Ruler of Florence and patron of arts
• Portrait of Sir Thomas More ,1527
Art
• Leonardo da Vinci Self-portrait, his Mona Lisa ,The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man are examples of Renaissance art
Self-awareness
• Leonardo Bruni
• Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire, Italian translation by Lucio Fauno, 1543.
高分三号雷达卫星数据预处理流程
高分三号雷达卫星数据预处理流程1.首先，我们需要导入高分三号雷达卫星数据。
First, we need to import the data from the GF-3 radar satellite.2.然后，对数据进行质量控制，包括去除异常值和填补缺失值。
Then, perform quality control on the data, including removing outliers and filling in missing values.3.接下来，对数据进行预处理，如去噪、辐射校正和地理坐标转换。
Next, preprocess the data, such as denoising, radiometric correction, and georeferencing.4.在数据预处理过程中，需要考虑雷达影像的波长和极化特性。
Consider the wavelength and polarization characteristics of the radar images during data preprocessing.5.对数据进行辐射定标，确保数据在不同时间和地点具有一致的无量纲化单位。
Radiometric calibration of the data is performed toensure consistent dimensionless units at different times and locations.6.在地理坐标转换时，需要将雷达影像数据投影到统一的坐标系中。
During georeferencing, the radar image data needs to be projected onto a unified coordinate system.7.数据的辐射校正有助于减小不同时间和天气条件下影像的差异。
Radiometric correction of the data helps reducedifferences in images under different times and weather conditions.8.在预处理过程中，还需要考虑雷达影像的分辨率和几何精度。
福州市区居民对高温热浪影响的感知研究_叶士琳
图 2 受访者的样本属性 Fig. 2 He characteristics of the interviewees
2 福州市高温热浪特征与居民感知情况
2. 1 居民感知的高温热浪变化背景
1953 － 2011 年期间福 州市高温 （ ≥35℃ ） 日数 共 计 1 663 d， 平 均 28. 2 d·a － 1 ， 其 中 2003 年 最 多，达 到 63 d， 其 次 是 1991 年 （ 60 d ） 和 1998 年 （ 47 d ） ． 图 3 给 出 了 1953 － 2011 年福州市高温 总日 数 的 年 际 变 化 情 况， 总体来看，福州市近 59 a
The Perception of Urban Ｒesidents to the Impact of Heatwaves in Fuzhou
YE Shi-lin1 ，QI Xin-hua1，2 ，LIN Ｒong-ping1 ，LIN Yue-xi1 ，ZOU Xiu-qi1
1. School of Geographic Sciences，Fujian Normal University，Fuzhou 350007，China； 2 . Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology，Fuzhou 350007，China）
Abstract： Based on the daily maximum temperature data of Fuzhou from 1953 to 2011 and 585 questionnaire surveys concerning the perception of urban residents to heat wave in Fuzhou，some characteristics of heat waves and residents' perception to the impact of heat wave are explored． The factors of residents' perception are analyzed by the Logistic regression model． The results indicates that： Heat waves presented a fluctuated improving trend in the past 59 years，and it's changes were greatest from the late 1990s up to now． The residents have a high level of perception to the impact of heat waves and 85. 81% of them believe that heat waves have significantly affected their daily life． The residents' perception to the impact of heat waves are significantly affected by number of air － conditioning，total household population and heat waves experience． It is of great significance to explore the perception of urban residents to heat waves，which will guide them to take measures to alleviate the impact of heat waves，and help local governments to devise adaptation strategies．
我国南方冬季异常低温及大气环流特征_崔小爱
●低温是我国冬季常见的气象灾害，近几十年来，我国冬季异常低温出现了明显的全国性增加趋势。
随着全球变暖问题的日益突出，异常低温频发。
异常低温是重要的冷暖指标，它蕴含了冬季的冷暖和夏季的凉热，这种异常的低温又与阴雨、寡照相伴，而且其持续时间之长，范围之广，气温之低，为历史同期所罕见。
2008年1月中旬至2月初，我国长江中下游及贵州省一带发生了罕见的低温、雨雪、冰冻灾害天气，对交通、通讯和电力输送等造成了严重影响。
王遵娅等［1］研究指出，这次灾害发生区域的最大连续低温日数、最大连续降雪量和最大连续冰冻日数均为1951年以来历年冬季的最大值。
综合指标表明其强度为50年至百年一遇。
王绍武［2］研究指出，这次灾害主要来自大雪和冻雨，是1977年以来最冷的冬季。
但就整体上来看，温度负距平可能接近Vol．31，No．4 2013年4月中国资源综合利用China Resources Comprehensive Utilization我国南方冬季异常低温及大气环流特征崔小爱，黄夏银（江苏省环境科学研究院，南京210036）摘要：采用旋转经验正交函数（REOF）、相关分析、合成分析等方法，对我国南方地区冬季异常低温的年代际变化、异常空间分布、时间演变特征、与500hPa高度场及海温的关系进行了分析。
结果表明：福建、浙江及两广地区为负值区，易发生冬季异常低温事件。
南方冬季异常低温事件有明显的阶段性，并且与海温场为正相关。
海温场偏强（弱），南方地区异常低温偏强（弱）；异常低温偏高（低）年，东海、南海的广阔海域温度为负（正）距平；冷空气频繁（减少），南方冬季异常低温偏高（偏低）。
关键字：异常低温；REOF；大气环流；海温中图分类号：P461文献标识码：A文章编号：1008－9500（2013）04－0051－05Characteristics of Winter Abnormal Low TemperatureandAtmosphere Circulation in South ChinaCui Xiaoai，Huang Xiayin（Jiang Su Academy of Environmental Science，Nanjing210036，China）Abstract：The interannual change,abnormal space distribution and time evolution characteristics，and500hPa height field and the relationship between the SST have been analyzed in detail using the Rotate the empirical orthogonal functions（REOF），correlation analysis and synthetic analysis methods for the abnormal low temperature in winter the China in China southern region of abnormal low temperature in winter interannual change，abnormal space distribution and time evolution characteristics，and500hPa height field and the relationship between the SST a detailed analysis of the diagnosis.The results show that:Fujian，Zhejiang，Guangdong and Guangxi are and negative area of Guangdong area，which is easy to have abnormal events at low temperature in winter.Moreover,The the south winter average abnormal low temperature in south has obvious stage characteristics，and it is positively related to the field of SST.Partial of SST field is strong（weak），and south abnormal low temperature of partial South China is strong（weak）.Abnormal low temperature on the high（low）side years，the East China Sea，the South China Sea temperature of waters broad is negative （positive）surface in the big（small）value year.The cold air frequent（decrease），abnormal low temperature of South China is high（low）.Keywords：abnormal low temperature；REOF；atmospheric circulation；SST收稿日期：2013－02－16作者简介：崔小爱（1975－），女，河北蠡县人，大学本科，工程师，从事环境咨询工作。
Research_on_the_Foreign_Communication_of_Chinese_S
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, September 2023, Vol. 13, No. 9, 656-660doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2023.09.005Research on the Foreign Communication of Chinese Science Fiction Literature in the Perspective of Public Diplomacy*LI Ye, CUI Yi-ruCollege of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaIn recent years, China’s public diplomacy has flourished, with literary exchanges and external communicationundoubtedly becoming an essential part. Particularly with the progress of Chinese technology, science fictionliterature has become a focal point both domestically and internationally. This paper investigates the background ofthe Chinese science fiction literature’s national characteristics, the manifestation of these characteristics in works,and the advantages of communication from three aspects. It also explores new ideas for the external communicationof Chinese science fiction literature from the perspective of public diplomacy, inspiring new pathways for theintegration of Chinese culture with the world, and telling Chinese stories to the world.Keywords: Chinese science fiction literature, national characteristics, public diplomacy, external communicationIntroductionWhen the words “China” and “science fiction” are put together, there will likely be a collision between two cultures. The former is easily a reminisce nt of “red lantern”, representing tradition, history and nationality, while the latter is reminiscent of “cyberpunk”, representing the futu re, modernity and globalization (Wang, 2016). When the future meets tradition, seemingly unrelated elements collide, but gave birth to a unique Chinese science fiction literature.Nationality is a unique feature of Chinese science fiction literature. In the past, most scholars stood in the perspective of literary analysis, deeply explored the characteristics of nationality, and lacked the influence of the nationality of Chinese science fiction literature on communication from a holistic perspective. Starting from the nationality of Chinese science fiction literature, this paper analyzes the influence of its nationality on the external communication of Chinese science fiction literature, and thoughts from the perspective of public diplomacy, expecting to provide ideas for the external communication of Chinese excellent culture.The Background of the Generation of Nationality in Chinese Science Fiction Literature The emergence of Western science fiction is considered to be one of the special cultural phenomena after the rise of European industrial civilization. In contrast, in China, science fiction is not nourished from its own culture, *Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the foundation of SFLEP National University Foreign Language Teaching Research Project (No. 2019SH0039B) and Hebei Provincial Social Science Foundation (No. HB19WW007).LI Ye, Ph.D., associate professor, College of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology.CUI Yi-ru (Corresponding author), undergraduate, senior, College of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Scienceand Technology.RESEARCH ON THE FOREIGN COMMUNICATION OF CHINESE SCIENCE FICTION LITERATURE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 657but the “exotic” brought in by foreign missionaries. This makes Chinese science fiction destined to show a unique national color since its birth.The emergence of this nationality has the particularity of the times. Facing the guns and cannons of the modern Western world, some advanced intellectuals and the upper class of the ruling class in China have dramatically changed their attitudes towards Western scientific knowledge and actively introduced a large number of works related to Western scientific knowledge. From the Westernization Movement to the Reform Movement of 1898, the study of the West gradually deepened from artifacts to advanced scientific knowledge (Liu & Li, 2016). During this period, Chinese science fiction was not yet original, and the intellectuals were neither professional novelists nor receiving any scientific training. Thus they lacked a real understanding of science, which made them incapable of creating the kind of science fiction they had in mind that could educate the people of China. In fact, it seems that the idea of completing science education and ideological enlightenment by literature itself is debatable. Therefore, these literator mainly practiced their ideas by translating and publishing the existing science fictions from the West. Xue Shaohui, a female literati during late Qing Dynasty, translated Eighty Days of Travel written by Verne, a famous French science fiction writer; Bao Tianxiao translated The Iron World and so on.In addition, before the Reform Movement of 1898, the Qing government’s ability to control ideology had been gradually weakened, and the public opinion environment of the novel was improved. It was the right time for Liang Qichao to put forward the ‘novel revolution’, which changed the novel from the original gradual mode to the sudden leap. Against this background favorable to the incubation of novels, there was a creative upsurge in all kinds of novels. The rise of science fiction has its contingency, but also has the inevitability of the times. The traditional agricultural civilization of China in the late Qing Dynasty was gradually defeated in the face of the attack of Western industrial civilization, at this time, science fiction, with science and technology as the direct source of inspiration, was endowed with the mission of saving the country and strengthening the people by some intellectuals in addition to its own literary and entertainment functions. They found different rules of social operation in Western science fiction and recognized the extraordinary role of this genre in enlightening the people, hoping to awaken the people to realize the independence of the nation.In other words, the concepts of “future” and “science and technology” presented in Western novels attracted Chinese intellectuals to actively create and publicize science fiction. On one hand, the advanced science and technology of the West and the rise of modern civilization are shining and bringing people hope; on the other hand, they are reluctant to see China’s thousands of years of glory. Behind their passion for science fiction lies their reflection on the humiliating status quo and their urgent search for shortcuts that can lead China to light.The Characteristic Embodiment of Nationality in Chinese Science Fiction LiteratureA Chinese writer always carries a large number of Chinese elements in the process of literary creation. However, nationality is not the same as the accumulation of simple cultural elements. The national characteristics of Chinese science fiction not only originates from the long Chinese culture, but also contains various possibilities for the future, which has diversified and distinctive features.Unique emotion to homeland. In science fiction movies, when disaster strikes, how to save human beings from disaster is the common creative core of the East and the West. But the difference between the two is thatRESEARCH ON THE FOREIGN COMMUNICATION OF CHINESE SCIENCE FICTION LITERATURE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY658humans “go out” or “go together” with their home land. In multiple Western science fiction literature, “saving humanity” means abandoning the ea rth and going to the universe to find a new foothold to replace the earth. This does serve the purpose of creation, but Chinese science fiction has given us a new way of thinking.Taking Wandering Earth as an example, compared with human beings escaping from the earth, it chooses a more romantic “Chinese path”—escaping with the earth. This feelings to native land is the unique value of Chinese science fiction, which comes from the idea of “Attached to the Land and Unwilling to Move” in Chinese culture. Chinese people attach great importance to the concept of home. From a micro perspective, it refers to the family, but from a macro perspective, when all human beings become a community, this sentiment also extends to the nation and even the earth.Collectivist heroes as protagonists. In Western culture, the protagonist emphasizes the “individual heroism”, while the protagonist in Chinese science fiction appears in the form of “group portraits”. Without the description of any one of the characters, the overall heroic image will be incomplete.Taking Star Trek as an example, the whole story of saving mankind revolves around elite scientists, and the general public is the subject of salvation, but also the object to be blurred. In contrast, the behavior of human beings facing disasters in Wandering Earth draws on the traditional Chinese mythical story Yugong Yishan. There is no alleged superhero in it, and everyone is the protagonist of this “Wandering Plan”. Among them, there are numerous pioneers and leaders, but they lead tens of millions of people to fight for the common goal of “T raveling with the earth”. The masses are not only the subject being rescued and the subject doing the rescuing. There is no savior in the film, there are only tens of thousands of ordinary rescue team members, working together for future generations and homes. The human behavior displayed by Wandering Earth is quite oriental, and the collectivism spirit of “flame runs high if everyone adds wood to it” penetrates t he film, which is the subversion and reconstruction of individual heroism by collectivism.Ethical core under localized construction. The ethical culture formed in the Western Zhou Dynasty and continued to the late Qing Dynasty for more than two thousand years, with the family as the center and the blood relationship as the link. This is the difference between Chinese and the Western political ideology, that is, while acknowledging the role of institutions and rules in social governance, it also affirms the role of morality and ethics in social governance, and kinship is an important carrier of ethics.The beginning of Wandering Earth shows that the whole “Wandering Plan” will last for 100 generations to integrate the concept of “inheritance” skillfully. At the end of the film, Li u Qi inherited the occupation of his grandfather Han Zi’ang’s heavy truck driver, and shouldered the historical mission of becoming a contributor to the “Wandering Earth” plan like his predecessors. This unconscious plot processing implies Mr. Fei Xiaotong’s concepts on Chinese-style family and career, that is, the family is on the one hand the carrier of blood continuation, on the other hand, it is also a “continuous career community”. The film connects the entire rescue operation with the ethical emotions of three generations of a family as a clue, reflecting the localized national characteristics of “Wandering Earth”. The key point of grasping the audience is that the display of emotion is specific rather than general, focusing on the portrayal of individual life, and systematically showing the contradiction between individual emotion, collective will, family ethics and homeland security.RESEARCH ON THE FOREIGN COMMUNICATION OF CHINESE SCIENCE FICTION LITERATURE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 659Foreign Dissemination of Chinese Science Fiction Literature: Balancing Cosmopolitanismand NationalityGenerally speaking, the common theme of science fiction literature is to focus on the fate of mankind and think about what new possibilities the development of science and technology will bring to mankind. The most important feature of science fiction literature is transcendence, which refers to the temporal transcendence: it should be future-oriented, focusing on the problems that human beings may encounter in the future as well as the depiction of the future society, rather than limiting its attention to practical problems. It also refers to the spatial transcendence: science fiction should focus on the entire universe, rather than limiting itself to the earth. In this sense, science fiction is a worldwide literature, which is also one of the reasons why it has caused wide resonance. The Chinese cultural factors that are different from the West can satisfy the novelty and curiosity of overseas readers.First of all, from the perspective of Western civilization, the intense sense of difference between Eastern and Western civilizations makes overseas readers have a curiosity about Chinese science fiction literature at the beginning. (Wu, 2021). For example, the shaping of the underground city in Wandering Earth adopts the traditional “Spring Festival” as the time node, and us es red as the general tone. On the one hand, it satisfies the reader’s expectation of Chinese culture, on the other hand, the integration of traditional elements into science fiction literature also brings freshness to readers. Secondly, Compared with the single image characteristics of superheroes from Western, Chinese science fictions usually form multi-dimensional characters. For example, Han Duoduo, one of the pioneers in Wandering Earth, was given multiple personalities, such as rebellion, crying, assertiveness and strong self-protection consciousness instead of being idealised by the author, retaining the shortcomings that adolescent children normally have. Many viewers have said that Han Duoduo’s scripts are too childish and embarrassing, but this approach precisely match with the age of middle school students. This is undoubtedly a breakthrough in Chinese science fiction literature to distinguish from the Western framework that the protagonist must be perfect.The nationality of Chinese science fiction literature is created in the fusion of Chinese traditional culture and modern civilization. It is not only deepens the understanding of Chinese writers and readers on China’s own culture, but also enables the in-depth development of Western science fiction literature in China.Reflections on the External Communication of Chinese Science Fiction Literature under thePerspective of Public DiplomacyAs an important path to enhance the country’s soft power, the role of public diplomacy in international exchanges has become increasingly prominent, meanwhile, cultural exchanges naturally become an indispensable part of it (Zhong &Wang, 2006). Compared with the government’s political activities, the convergence between literature and diplomacy seems to be more subtle in highlighting the humanitarian spirit. Literary creation shoulders a huge mission, like a bridge connecting the communication between Eastern and Western civilizations. In addition to giving full play to the role of science fiction literature communication in public diplomacy and paying attention to the internationalization and artistry of expression, we should also focus on giving full play to the unique advantages of universities in the field of cultural exchanges. Drawing on theRESEARCH ON THE FOREIGN COMMUNICATION OF CHINESE SCIENCE FICTION LITERATURE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY660success of Shanghai Institute of Public Diplomacy, we will explore new mechanisms for cooperation between schools and associations, and provide a good platform for literary exchanges and communication.The first is to improve the diplomatic mechanism of science fiction literature and help Chinese science fiction writers better safeguard their rights and interests when they go abroad to participate in literary activities. In this regard, we can learn from France, cultural and diplomatic institutions to form a top-down division of labor and cooperation, and set up a department specializing in foreign publishing, which is responsible for the export trade, copyright exchange and international cooperation of Chinese books (Lin, 2022). The second is to promote the docking between cooperation of Chinese and foreign science fiction literature. Through the organisation of literary exhibitions as well as exchanges in science fiction literature, the exchange and cooperation between Chinese and foreign science fiction literature will be accelerated. For example, colleges and universities cooperate with the government to hold international book fairs regularly, give full play to the cultural advantages of colleges and universities, promote Chinese excellent books, deeply understand the popular trends of Chinese published books in various countries, and promote the wider dissemination of Chinese excellent science fiction literary works. In this regard, the sound diplomatic mechanism and complete literary and artistic exhibition system of Chinese science fiction literature will play a huge role in promoting.ConclusionThere is the infiltration of science and technology in the contemporary era. Science and technology have fundamentally changed our life, and the previous imagination is becoming a reality step by step. Therefore, science fiction literature needs to find new growing points. Chinese science fiction has a clear understanding of this trend. While all human cultures and technologies tend to be globalized, Chinese science fiction literature has its own unique development track. Its nationality is not so much deliberate as natural growth. From the perspective of public diplomacy, this nationality is the unique external communication advantage of Chinese science fiction literature, which provides a new idea for the external communication of Chinese excellent culture.In the future, in the process of development, Chinese science fiction literature will show stronger inclusiveness and adaptability in the face of external culture, implement innovative ideas on the basis of traditional culture, and deeply explore the development of human spiritual culture, so as to promote Chinese science fiction literature to a broader path.ReferencesLin, P. (2022). A study of French foreign publishing practices from the perspective of cultural foreign policy. Publication and Distribution Research, 12, 77-83.Liu, X. H., & Li, H. X. (2016). On the common limitations of the first batch of nationals’ self-organized newspapers and public opinion and the foreign affairs movement. Journalism Spring and Autumn, 01, 30-33.Wang, Y. (2016). Are there no glazed tiles on Mars—Contemporary Chinese science fiction and the issue of “nationalization”.Exploration and Controversy, 09, 119-123.Wu, J. J. (2021). The overseas communication of Chinese contemporary science fiction and its implications—Taking Liu Cixin’s Three Bodies as an example. Journal of Shandong University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 06, 172-184. Zhong, L. B., Wang, J. (2006). The evolution of C hina’s public diplomacy: Content and form. Diplomatic Review (Journal of Foreign Affairs College), 03, 64-69.。
冠词在科技英文摘要中常见的一些错误用法
冠词在科技英文摘要中常见的一些错误用法摘要：结合英语文法及《海洋科学》英文摘要的实际，可以看出，江河湖海等名词前一定要加定冠词the；当名词是单数，第一次出现时要加不定冠词a或an，再次出现时则要加the；当名词是复数且泛指时，第一次出现时要用零冠词，再次出现时要加上定冠词the。
关键词：冠词；科技英文摘要；冠词的错误使用冠词(定冠词the，不定冠词a和an，以及零冠词)是置于名词之前、说明名词所指的人或事物的一种虚词［1］。
由于冠词的使用比较混乱，难以掌握，因此在写作编辑指南和英文润色中一直受到关注［2-12］。
为系统分析中国作者的冠词使用不当问题，本文作者将近几年来英文专家修改过的《海洋科学》英文摘要［13-26］中相关错误进行归纳总结，并分别从定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词使用的常见错误结合实例加以说明。
一定冠词使用不当1）江、河（包括运河）、海、海洋、海峡、流域、半岛、海湾、中国的一些山湖名、复数山脉等专有名词前面应加定冠词the 正确的用法如下（注：黑体字the,A，a, an为修改英文摘要时加上的正确用法）：例1Geomorphic response to the environmental change at the mouth of the Jiahe River in Yantai since the last four decade（烟台夹河口近40年来环境变化的地貌响应）［17］这里，Jiahe River是河流，专有名词，应加the。
例 2 Studies on the wetland of the Yellow River Delta:a review(黄河三角洲湿地研究进展) ［15］这里，Yellow River Delta指黄河三角洲，专有名词，应加the。
例3Effect of PDO on the interannual relationships between summer rainfall in the Yangze River and the Huaihe River valley and SST in the Pacific Ocean(PDO对夏季江淮地区雨量与太平洋海温年际相关的影响)［14］这里，the Yangze River and the Huaihe River valley意为江淮地区，专有名词，因此加the。
河南省夏玉米生育期有效降雨量和需水量时空分布特征
河南省夏玉米生育期有效降雨量和 需水量时空分布特征
张 杰1,2 ,张 慧3 ,陈丹丹1,2 ,李国领4 ,张建涛1,2 ,臧贺藏1,2 , 赵 晴1,2 ,胡 峰1,2 ,李国强1,2 ,郑国清1,2
( 1. Agricultural Economy&Information Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China; 2. Research Center for Smart Agriculture Engineering and Technology of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450002,China; 3. School of Management,Henan University of Chinese Medicine of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450046,China; 4. Wheat Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
Abstract: Based on the meteorological data from 15 stations of summer maize producing areas in Henan Province during 1961 and 2015,the water requirement and effective rainfall in the whole growth period of summer maize were calculated,thus,the irrigation water requirement was obtained. The interannual variation and spatial distribution characteristics of summer maize rainfall,effective rainfall,water requirement and irrigation water requirement were analyzed by linear propensity estimation and spatial interpolation method in Henan Province. The results showed that in terms of time distribution,the rainfall and effective rainfall in summer maize growth period had no obvious change,while the water requirement and irrigation water requirement showed significant downward trend from 1961 to 2015. In terms of spatial distribution, the average annual rainfall in summer maize growth period decreased from southeast to northwest,and the
澳门路氹城生态保护区浮游动物的群落特征
湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)2023，49(6)：730–736．DOI：10.13331/ki.jhau.2023.06.015Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)引用格式：胡远威，魏南，陈清华，黄建荣，郭照良．澳门路氹城生态保护区浮游动物的群落特征[J]．湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2023，49(6)：730–736．HU Y W，WEI N，CHEN Q H，HUANG J R，GUO Z L．Characteristics of zooplankton community in cotaiecological reserve, Macao[J]．Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)，2023，49(6)：730–736．投稿网址：澳门路氹城生态保护区浮游动物的群落特征胡远威1,2，魏南2，陈清华2，黄建荣3，郭照良1*(1.佛山科学技术学院生命科学与工程学院，广东佛山528225；2.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所，广东广州510530；3.中山大学生命科学学院，广东广州510275)摘要：于2013—2021年1、4、7、10月，在澳门路氹城生态保护区设置2个采样区，各3个采样点，调查分析浮游动物群落结构的时空变化，并初步评估水体受扰动状况。
结果表明：在澳门路氹城生态保护区共鉴定出171种浮游动物(含9类浮游幼虫)，其中一区鉴定出156种，二区鉴定出116种；浮游动物分属于8个类群，主要优势类群为轮虫(57种)、桡足类(48种)和纤毛虫(33种)；一区浮游动物丰度为6.00~240.33 ind/L，平均为(59.27±58.39) ind/L，二区浮游动物丰度为3.00~62.58 ind/L，平均为(19.20±16.82) ind/L；一区和二区浮游动物群落结构区域差异显著，一区物种数和丰度显著大于二区的，一区的Shannon–Winner多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou 均匀度指数均值显著小于二区的，一区浮游动物丰度年际变化波动大于二区的，可见一区环境较二区更加敏感，一区受人类活动影响较大；2013—2016年浮游动物优势种主要为轮虫(污染指示种)，2017—2021年浮游动物优势种主要为桡足类(非污染指示种)，更替率为100%，除一区2017—2021年的Shannon–Winner多样性指数小于2013—2016年的外，两区域其余生物多样性指数均大于2013—2016年的，说明保护区水质有所改善。
211144892_庐江暴雨气候特征及一次持续性暴雨过程分析
Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology 2023, Vol.13 No.3庐江暴雨气候特征及一次持续性暴雨过程分析凌 林，宫传英，马 舜庐江县气象局，安徽庐江 231500摘要 利用2008—2021年庐江气象观测站观测资料，分析其暴雨气候特征，选取2020年7月18—19日大暴雨过程，对其环流形势、低层切变、地面系统、暴雨条件等进行天气形势综合分析。
结果表明：（1）2008—2021年庐江暴雨日数累计61 d，其中暴雨日数大于100 mm的有17 d，年均暴雨日数为4.4 d，其年际变化呈上升趋势。
暴雨日数的月变化呈现单峰型，主峰在6月，大暴雨日数主峰在6—7月，平均暴雨强度为81.8 mm/d；（2）庐江气象观测站气温、水汽压不断上升预示着中低层暖湿气流不断加强，气压不断下降预示着高空有低槽移入，需要高度警惕强降水天气过程出现的可能性；（3）西太平洋副热带高压脊线稳定维持、500 hPa短波槽东移、槽区上的短波同位相叠加、槽前与副高边缘的西南暖湿气流共同作用、中低层急流、水汽辐合和抬升等是形成庐江2020年7月18—19日持续性大暴雨过程的主要原因。
关键词 暴雨特征；持续性强降水；环流形势中图分类号：P458.12 文献标识码：B 文章编号：2095–3305(2023)03–0120-03暴雨是一种最常见的气象灾害，对国民经济、人民生命财产的安全有着巨大的威胁，暴雨预报服务是天气预报工作的重点。
气象工作者一直努力探索暴雨发生机理，旨在准确预报暴雨过程。
谢五三等[1]分析得出安徽省常年暴雨量呈纬向空间分布，常年暴雨次数与其分布非常一致，全省绝大部分地区的暴雨量呈现上升趋势；任敏[2]等分析了安徽省4—9月的暴雨落区,表明汛期暴雨落区在500 hPa等压面图上，集中出现在582~584 dagpm线之间，暴雨带位置预报大致可以用584 dagpm线的移动作为参考；章淹等[3]系统阐述与总结了流场、水汽、稳定度和其他一些物理量的暴雨诊断预报方法。
如何写有关汉字的作文英语
Writing an essay about Chinese characters in English can be a fascinating task that showcases the rich history and cultural significance of this ancient script.Here are some steps and tips to help you craft a compelling essay:1.Introduction to Chinese Characters:Begin by introducing the Chinese writing system,mentioning that it is one of the oldest continuously used writing systems in the world.Explain that Chinese characters,or Hanzi,are logograms that represent both sounds and meanings.2.Historical Background:Discuss the origins of Chinese characters,which date back to the oracle bone script used during the Shang Dynasty16001046BCE.Mention the evolution of the script through various stages such as bronze inscriptions, seal script,clerical script,regular script,and more.3.Structural Characteristics:Describe the basic components of Chinese characters,including radicals,which are the building blocks of the characters.Explain the six categories of character structure:single,compound,pictographs, ideographs,phonosemantic compounds,and loan characters.4.Cultural Significance:Highlight the cultural importance of Chinese characters in Chinese society,including their use in calligraphy,which is considered a high art form.Discuss how Chinese characters are used in various forms of literature,from classical poetry to modern novels.5.Learning and Teaching:Talk about the challenges and methods of learning Chinese characters,including the use of mnemonic devices and the importance of stroke order.Mention the role of Chinese characters in language education,both in China and around the world.6.Modern Usage and Adaptations:Discuss the adaptation of Chinese characters to modern technology,such as input methods for computers and smartphones.Explore the influence of Chinese characters on other writing systems,such as Japanese Kanji and Korean Hanja.7.Challenges and Future:Address the challenges faced by the Chinese writing system,such as the high number of characters needed for literacy and the potential for confusion between similarlooking characters.Speculate on the future of Chinese characters in a globalized world,considering the balance between tradition and modernization.8.Personal Reflection:Include a personal reflection on your own experience with Chinese characters,whether its learning to write them,appreciating their aesthetic qualities,or using them in daily life.9.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of your essay,emphasizing the unique and enduring nature of Chinese characters.Conclude with a thoughtprovoking statement about the role of Chinese characters in preserving cultural heritage and promoting crosscultural understanding.10.Bibliography:List the sources you have used for your research,including books,academic articles, and reputable websites.Remember to use a clear and concise writing style,and to support your arguments with evidence and examples.Engage your reader with interesting facts and stories related to Chinese characters to make your essay more enjoyable and informative.。
东亚副热带西风急流变化特征及其与长江中下游地区夏季降水关系研究
收稿日期：2019-05-05 作者简介：彭筱（1990—），女，本科，助理工程师，研究方向：天气预报。
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第 17 期
东亚副热带西风急流变化特征及其与长江中下游地区夏季降水关系研究
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急流时，发现急流南移使夏季江南降水偏多；反之，急流 偏北使夏季华北地区降雨偏多。在 2004 年，高守亭等［2］ 研究北半球夏季副热带西风急流变异及其对东亚夏季风 气候异常的影响，发现东亚夏风强度偏弱，东亚副热带西 风急流异常偏南，夏季长江中下游及江南，华南降水偏 多；东亚夏季风强度偏强，东亚副热带西风急流异常偏 北，夏季长江中下游及江南，华南降水偏少。在 2005 年， 林中达［3］研究了夏季西太平洋急流经向位置异常与南亚 高压，西太平洋副热带高压的关系，结果表明：当东亚夏 季高空西风急流偏南，7—8 月南亚高压显著南移，6—8 月副热带高压南移。从以往的研究可以看出：东亚副热 带西风急流强度和位置的年际变化对我国长江中下游地 区降水存在显著影响。因此，本文根据金荣花等［4］人的 研究，定义了急流强度指数为关键区域（30°N～37.5°N， 110°E～130°E）内纬向风平均值，分析急流强度指数的变 化与长江中下游地区夏季降水的关系。
总 679 期第十七期 2019 年 6 月
河南科技 Henan Science 急流变化特征及其与 长江中下游地区夏季降水关系研究
彭筱
（兰州中心气象台，甘肃 兰州 730020）
摘 要：本文研究急流强度指数与长江中下游地区夏季降水关系时，发现急流强度与长江中下游地区降水有
Asia and Its Relationship with Summer Precipitation in the Middle and
《人工智能》英语影评
看着昏暗的光影中David和她的妈妈安然睡去，心情渐渐平静下来，或许我们更该从伦理与道德的角度去欣赏这部电影，而不是从科学的角度。
因为我觉得里面的很多技术是实现不了的，至少我们现有的知识远远不够。
不过仍然不可否认，人工智能必然，或者说已经为人类的生活带来了重大变化，它给我们带来的方便与挑战已经不容忽视。
In the dark shadows looked David and her mother enron and go to sleep, mood calm, perhaps we should from ethics and moral perspective to enjoy the movie, not from the scientific point of view. Because I feel inside a lot of technology is not, at least we have enough knowledge. But still undeniable, artificial intelligence is inevitable, or for human life has brought great changes, it brings us convenience and challenges have nots allow to ignore.首先我们先从科学的角度来重新回顾一下这部电影吧。
First we from scientific point of view to review the movie.在影片的开始，我们看到了一个外观极其类似真人的女机器人，我认为随着材料科学的发展，这是可以实现的。
人的运动要考神经传递兴奋从而控制机体的运动，那么机器人要依靠程序控制，所以我觉得及时我们做出了和人类近似的关节与肌肤，让机器人学会像人类一样微笑一样走路，用程序精确地控制动作我们还有很长的一段路要走。
女汉子 英语作文
In recent years,the term nühanzi has become increasingly popular in Chinese society.It is a colloquial term that translates to tough girl in English.This term is used to describe women who are strong,independent,and not afraid to challenge traditional gender roles.Lets explore the concept of nühanzi in more detail.The Origin of NüHanziThe term nühanzi is a relatively new addition to the Chinese lexicon,and it has been embraced by many young women who are challenging societal norms.It is a blend of the Chinese words nüwoman and hanzi man,which together form a term that signifies a woman with traditionally masculine traits.Characteristics of a NüHanzi1.Independence:A nühanzi is someone who is selfreliant and does not rely on others for her needs.She is capable of taking care of herself and making her own decisions.2.Strength:This does not necessarily refer to physical strength but rather to the mental and emotional resilience that allows her to face challenges headon.3.Ambition:Nühanzi are often ambitious and driven,with a clear vision of what they want to achieve in life.4.Confidence:They exude a sense of selfassuredness that comes from knowing their worth and abilities.5.Unconventional:They may reject traditional expectations of femininity,such as being delicate or submissive,and instead embrace a more assertive and active role in society.The Impact of NüHanziThe rise of nühanzi has had a significant impact on Chinese society.It has encouraged more women to pursue their dreams and ambitions without being held back by traditional gender roles.It has also sparked conversations about gender equality and the need for a more inclusive society that values women for their contributions and abilities,rather than just their adherence to traditional norms.Challenges Faced by NüHanziDespite the positive aspects,being a nühanzi also comes with its own set of challenges.These women often face societal pressure to conform to traditional gender roles,and their assertiveness can sometimes be misinterpreted as aggressiveness.They may also struggle with balancing their personal and professional lives,as they strive to be successful in a society that still has expectations for women.ConclusionThe concept of nühanzi is a testament to the changing dynamics of gender roles in Chinese society.It represents a shift towards a more progressive and inclusive view of what it means to be a woman.As more women embrace this identity,it is likely that the conversation around gender equality and womens empowerment will continue to evolve, leading to a more equitable society for all.。
东莞市降水特性分析
东莞市降水特性分析秦礼晶【摘要】It expounds the overview of Dongguan City and its sources of moisture .It selects the data of 11 representative precipitation stations with longer series and analyzes the characteristics of the regional distribution , interannual variation and annual distribution of the precipitation in Dongguan City .The results show that there is a small distribution variance , frequent and sharp interannual variation and uneven annual distribution in the precipitation in Dongguan City .%阐述了东莞市区域概况及水汽来源，选取了市内具有代表性的、系列较长的11个降水量站点资料，分析了东莞市降水的地区分布、年际变化和年内分配特征。
结果表明：东莞市降水地区分布相差较小，降水年际变化频繁急剧，年内分配不均。
【期刊名称】《广东水利水电》【年(卷),期】2015(000)006【总页数】4页(P48-50,59)【关键词】东莞市;降水;分析【作者】秦礼晶【作者单位】广东省水文局惠州水文分局，广东惠州 516003【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P3331 区域概况[1]东莞市位于广东省中南部，珠江入海口东侧，东与惠州市惠阳区接壤，北与广州市区和增城市、惠州市博罗县隔江为邻，西临珠江出口狮子洋，南与深圳市宝安区相连，介于东经113°31' ～114°15'，北纬22°39' ～23°09'之间，东西长约76 km，南北宽约40 km，全市陆地面积2 465 km2 (其中山地677 km2，占27.4%;水面210 km2，占8.5%;其它为1 578 km2，占64.1%)。
大连市近60年气温变化特征
大连市近60年气温变化特征赵冬艳【摘要】Based on the data of monthly average temperature in Dalian City from 1951 to 2010, moreover, the change characteristics of interannual, annual, seasonal average temperature in Dalian City, warm and cold phases of annual average temperature were analyzed by using the methods of linear trend analysis and cumulative anomaly and so on. Results showed that average temperature before 1970s was obviously lower than the average temperature of recent 60 years, average temperature after 1980s was higher than it; annual average temperature increased in recent 60 years; seasonal average temperature was also in a increasing trend, spring and winter average temperature increased more than that of summer and autumn; the phase between 1951and 1987 was colder and that between 1988 and 2010 was warmer.%利用1951-2010年的逐月平均气温资料,采用线性倾向估计、累积距平等方法,分析了大连市平均气温的年代际、年际、各季节变化特征及年平均气温的冷暖阶段.结果表明,20世纪70年代以前气温明显偏低,从80年代开始气温明显偏高;年平均气温呈显著上升趋势;各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,春季和冬季上升趋势比较明显,夏季和秋季升温较弱;1951-1987年为偏冷期,1988-2010年为偏暖期.【期刊名称】《安徽农业科学》【年(卷),期】2011(039)013【总页数】2页(P7790-7791)【关键词】气温;变化特征;大连市【作者】赵冬艳【作者单位】辽宁省大连市气象局,辽宁大连116001【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P463.3气候变化是当前全球环境变化研究的核心问题,受到各国政府与学者的高度关注[1-3]。
英语语言学知识点
英语语⾔学知识点 英语语⾔学是英语语⾔⽂学专业培养计划中的⼀门基础必修课，接下来店铺为你整理了英语语⾔学知识点，⼀起来看看吧。
英语语⾔学知识点：定义 1.语⾔学Linguistics Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.普通语⾔学General Linguistics The study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics. 3.语⾔language Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 语⾔是⼈类⽤来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。
4.识别特征Design Features It refers to the defining poperties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication. 语⾔识别特征是指⼈类语⾔区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。
Arbitrariness任意性 Productivity多产性 Duality双重性 Displacement移位性 Cultural transmission⽂化传递 ⑴arbitrariness There is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. P.S the arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions ⑵Productivity Animals are quite limited in the messages they are able to send. ⑶Duality Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures ,or two levels. ⑷Displacement Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. ⑸Cultural transmission Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, but we have to be taught and learned the details of any language system. this showed that language is culturally transmitted. not by instinct. animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species. 5.语⾔能⼒Competence Competence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 6.语⾔运⽤performance Performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. 语⾔运⽤是所掌握的规则在语⾔交际中的体现。