Chapter Two (单元练习)
第二单元练习2
Velar refers to _______ A. larynx B. soft palate C. alveolar D. pharynx
Name five of English front vowels:
The sound [p] can be described with _____ bilabial , stop. By the position of the _____ part of the tongue, vowels are classified as front vowels, central vowels and back vowels.
True or Fal vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as /i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension. In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.
TEST— Chapter Two
笪振静
The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree Centigrade” is _______. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative
深圳牛津英语七年级下册Chapter2课文语言点解析及练习题
Chapter2 protecting our environment一、课文重点语言点1.Pollution means.... making things dirty and unhealthy.Make的用法：★重点▲ make sth.\sb. + adj. 使...处于某种状态,如：the good news made me happy.▲做使役动词:make/let/ have sb.do sth. 使某人做某事（使役动词后接动词原形），如：The boss made his workers work 15 hours a day.Don't let him do the job.2. The best-known flowers in ....these sweet-smelling flowers are known as the flowers of Shenzhen city.▲best-known 最有名的（well-known的最高级well-known=famous著名的）▲be know n as=be famous as 作为...而著名be known for= be famous for 因为....而著名3.Trees give out harmful gases. ★重点▲give out ①发出光、热、气味等，如：the sun gives out light and heat. ②分发he gave out all his money to the poor. ③被耗尽，用光：our food has given out▲拓展和give 相关的词组：give off= give out, give up doing放弃，停止做某事4.Trees can pass information to one another.▲pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 向某人传递某物如：Pass me the book.=Pass the book to me.▲可接双宾的还有give, buy, show, offer, provide，bring等词▲ one another和each other:都表示“互相”，可通用。
朗文5A-Chapter-2复习题要
朗文5A Chapter Two复习提要Part A and BNew words and phrases （要求：知道中文意思，会读，会拼写。
）competition 名词，竞争，比赛，竞赛 (注意发音)。
mark 名词，(考试的)分数，可数。
course 名词，1.科目，课程; 2.一道菜 the main course 主菜(4B)。
weight 名词，重量。
hard 它是个多义词，在本课中是个副词，意为“努力地”；比较级harder，更加努力地。
turn over a new leaf 它是英文中的习惯表达，类似汉语中的成语，意为“重新开始，改过自新，翻开新的一页”。
wishing tree 许愿树make plans for...为...制定计划the new school year 新学年want to do sth. 想要做某事win the swimming competition赢得游泳比赛get high marks 取得高分 put on weight发胖，增重practise swimming harder更加努力地练习游泳take a Japanese course 攻读一个日语课程join the Cubs加入幼童军Sentences （要求：会读，知道其中文意思，会拼，会写，会运用。
）本部分学习so作为连词的用法，在句中意为“所以，因此”What do you want to do? 你想要做什么？I want to win the swimming competition so I’m going to practise swimming harder. 我想要赢得游泳比赛，因此我计划更加努力地练习游泳。
句中用一般现在时描述目标，运用短语want to do sth. so后面连接计划、打算，用be going to一般现在将来时表达。
2. What do you want to do? I want to improve my English so I’m going to read more English books. 我想要提高英语，所以我计划读更多英文书。
Unit Exercise for chapter 2
Unit Exercise for Chapter 2 ---Cognitive Views of LearningI Multiple-Choice QuestionsDirections: Read each question and the alternatives carefully and write down its according key in the following answer sheet. Each multiple-choice question has only one correct answer and is worth 1 point each (30 points for total)Answer sheet1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 1516 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 3526 27 28 29 301 Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is this an instance of learning?a. Yes, because her behavior has changedb. No, because the circumstances are too dissimilarc. Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accuratelyd. Maybe, although the change may be due to physiological maturation rather than experience2 Mr. Loosigian is worried about Jerri, a girl who is struggling in his seventh-grade class. He thinks about several different reasons why she might be having so much difficulty with her schoolwork. Which one of the reasons he considers is consistent with a behaviorist perspective of learning?a. “Maybe she isn’t paying attention as much as she should be.”b. “Maybe I don’t praise her enough when she does something well.”c. “Maybe she has trouble understanding the things she reads.”d. “Maybe she has trouble remembering things from one day to the next.”3. Each of the following is an assumption of Vygotsky’s basic theory excepta. Social and cultural environments offer little in the form of cognitive development.b. Formal and informal conversations with adults or older siblings helps to increase cognitive development.c. Complex mental processes begin as social activities.d. Children can perform more challenging cognitive tasks when assisted by more advanced individuals.4 As his teacher reads a story, Wesley pictures the main characters the way he thinks they must look. By forming visual images based on the verbal descriptions his teacher reads, Wesley is ______ those descriptions.a. encodingb. retrievingc. organizingd. repetition5 During a lecture about World War II, Mr. Cochran tells his class about some of the major leaders of the countries involved in the war. He then asks Kathy to identify the leader of Great Britain during World War II, an d she correctly responds, “Winston Churchill.” At the time she answers the question, Kathy is exhibiting:a. Proactive interferenceb. Elaborationc. Retrievald. Storage6. Which one of the following statements best describes the three-component model of memory presented in the textbook?a. All of the information that reaches the sensory register also reaches working memory, but only a small percentage of this information is stored in long-term memory.b. Information that must be remembered for a long time goes directly from the sensory register to long-term memory; less important information is stored in working memory.c. The three components of memory are used to store different kinds of information: visual images are stored in the sensory register, most numerical information is stored in working memory, and verbal information is stored in long-term memory.d. All information that enters long-term memory must first pass through the sensory register and working memory.7 Which one of the following statements best characterizes the duration of the sensory register?a. Information can last indefinitely in the sensory register if the visual or auditory image is periodically retrieved.b. Meaningless information fades quickly, but meaningful information can last for hours.c. Visual information lasts less than a second, with auditory information lasting a bit longer.d. Information remains for about 10 seconds regardless of its nature.8 Which one of the following statements best characterizes working memory (sometimes known as short-term memory)?a. It holds information for several hours and includes only things that we know we will need later on.b. It holds information for two to five minutes, longer if we engage in maintenance rehearsal.c. It actively processes a small amount of information, typically holding it for less than a minute.d. It holds processed information for several days or weeks, but rarely forever.9 Susan hears her teacher say, “Seven times nine is sixty-three,” and immediately repeats this math fact to herself three times. Five minutes later, Susan cannot respond correctly when her teacher asks, “What is seven times nine?” Based on this information, how far in Susan’s memory system did the math fact probably get?a. It reached the sensory register.b. It reached working memory.c. It reached long-term memory.d. It never got into the memory system at all.10 Only one of the following teaching practices is consistent with what we know about working memory. Which one is consistent?a. Mr. Adamson tells his students that, with practice, they will be able to do complicated long division problems in their heads.b. Ms. Borelli tells her students that they should try to focus on main ideas rather than try to remember every detail.c. Ms. Constas suggests that students in her Russian class listen to Russian tapes while they sleep.d. Mr. Dominowski urges his students to put information for tomorrow’s test in their “short-term memories.”11 To prepare for his test on Tuesday morning, Harry studied on Monday night. He remembered the information long enough to do well on the test on Tuesday but could not remember it for a surprise quiz a week later. Based on this information, how far in Harry’s memory system did the information get?a. It reached the sensory register.b. It reached working memory.c. It reached long-term memory.d. It never got into the memory system at all.12 Which one of the following alternatives best characterizes the process of elaboration of new information?a. Paying careful attention to the most important aspects of new informationb. Failing to notice significant aspects of new informationc. Remembering the order in which several pieces of new information are receivedd. Constructing meaning by adding something already known to new information13 To help herself learn the early explorers of the New World, Jessica makes a chart that lists the Spanish explorers together, the Portuguese explorers together, the French explorers together, and so on. Which one of the following processes is Jessica most clearly demonstrating?a. Organizationb. Rehearsalc. Elaborationd. Reconstruction error14 Each of the following is an assumption of Piaget’s basic theory excepta. Children construct their knowledge.b. Children are active and motivated learners.c. Children use a combination of assimilation and accommodation.d. Children think in virtually the same way at every age.15 Considering developmental trends in long-term memory storage processes, choose the statement that best characterizes how kindergartners are apt to approach school learning tasks.a. They make few, if any, intentional efforts to learn and remember something.b. They construct vivid visual and auditory images of what they see and hear in the classroom.c. They make mental lists of things to remember, but with little follow-through in studying the lists.d. They continually ask why? questions to help them make better sense of classroom subject matter.16. Irene knows how to count to ten. She counts the coins she has in her pocket (2 quarters, 5 dimes, and three nickels) and says, “I have ten cents”. From Piaget’s perspective, Irene is:a. Accommodating the counting task to the fact that the different counts have different values.b. Assimilating the counting task to the way she has counted things in the past.c. Experiencing disequilibrium about how to count money.d. Showing insufficient physiological maturation to perform the task correctly.17 According to Piaget, the process of seeking balance between one's knowledge structures or beliefs and one's experiences.a. Assimilationb. Equilibrationc. Accommodationd. Schemata18. The process of assimilation and accommodation both involve:a. Concrete operational thoughtb. Relating new information to prior knowledge.c. Abstract thought processes such as inductive reasoning.d. Oral communication skills.19. Which of the following situations best illustrates the process of assimilation?a. A student adopts a new approach to a writing assignment after realizing that an approach learned earlier fails to work.b. A child learns that she can be noisy when Grandma visits but she must be quiet and polite around Aunt Charlotte.c. A student learns how to crack the security code for the school's computer.d. A child attempts to ice skate by moving his/her legs in the same way that he/she does when they roller skate.20. Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development has this implication for the classroom teacher.a. Students should tend to gradually become more dependent on others for learning material.b. Cooperative learning techniques are typically not appropriate or effective.c. Instruction should focus just beyond the students' ability level.d. Instructional items should focus on a singular degree of complexity.21 Which of the following examples best illustrates chunking?a Georgia thinks of personal examples when learning about new concepts in science.b Jodi classifies animals based on common features and differences.c Adam uses symbols to represent words that he has difficulty spelling.d Harold and Mohammed work together when designing a telescope.22 Which of the following statements best describes the nature of declarative memory?a Karen applies knowledge to perform a certain task.b Scott recognizes a famous person.c Natasha is able to provide specific factual information about an event.d Ivan recalls a specific event from his or her past.23 Multiple-choice questions assess a student's ability to ________.a recognize the correct answerb recall the correct answerc construct the correct answerd explain the correct answer24 Mr. Abraham is having a guest speaker come into his first grade class to give his students a lesson on space travel. The guest speaker is very humorous and brought with her attention-grabbing devices and pictures. Immediately upon the speaker's leaving, Mr. Abraham discusses the presentation with his class. He is puzzled to discover that although the students enjoyed the presentation, they did not seem to know the subject matter of the presentation. Most students could not recall what the guest speaker had actually said. They did, however, remember all of the unusual items that the guest speaker brought with her. In this scenario, why did Mr. Abraham's class have trouble recalling the subject matter of the presentation?a Because the students lacked short-term memoryb Because the students' attention was drawn away from the lesson by the interesting objects the speaker brought in to the classc Because the students do not have memory tracesd Because the students experienced the decay theory25 Brian, an eleventh grader, is taking his French exam. He prepared for this exam and he knows the information; however, while taking the exam Brian is having trouble recalling the information because the teacher did not provide a word bank from which to choose the answer. Brian's forgetting is most likely due to ________.a cue-dependent forgettingb interference theoryc decay theoryd sensory register26 According to Vygotsky, which of the following statements is TRUE about knowledge?a Knowledge is constructed between people as they interactb Knowledge is constructed individuallyc Knowledge is gained in a passive mannerd Knowledge is gained through rewards27 After having your picture taken with a flash camera, you “see” circles of light. This experience is most likely related to( )a the sensory registerb encodingc attentiond STM28. Ralph attempts to remember the names of all his students by connecting their first name to a unique physical feature. Therefore, Fred has freckles, Louise has large lips, and Sidney wears spectacles. Ralph is employing which of the following techniques to facilitate long term storage?a Elaboration rehearsalb Maintenance rehearsalc Sensory registeringd Chunking29. The process of assimilation and accommodation both involve:a. Concrete operational thoughtb. Relating new information to prior knowledge.c. Abstract thought processes such as inductive reasoning.d. Oral communication skills.30 Interconnected networks and hierarchies of knowledge are represented in a model ofa. rote learningb. schema theoryc. disequilibrationd. inert knowledge。
Chapter Two (单元练习)
Chapter Two (单元练习)一、选择( )1. Whether we’ll go for a picnic _______the weather.A. lies onB. is depended onC. rely on D depends on ( )2.. ---Jim, it’s good ____you to do sports every day.----OK, I see. It’s good ____you to te ll me such good advice.A. of, forB. of, ofC. for, forD. for, of( )3.( )4.( )5.----Jim has done a good job. ----_____________________.A. So does he and so you do.B. So has he and so you have.C. So has he and so have you.D. So he has and so have you.( )6.( )7. Set the hairdryer ____ a low temperature, ___ it will dry out your hair.A. on, soB. on, orC. at, soD. at, or( )8.--- I have a bad toothache these days.---Sorry to hear that ! you’d better make an ________ with the dentist.A. appointmentB. advertisementC. agreementD. advice( )9.( ) 10. It is _____ of you not to believe what he said. You know he often tells lies.A. wiseB. kindC. importantD. silly( ) 11.( ) 12.---Can you advise me to have a good hairstyle ?--- Certainly. We _____that the hairstyle will make you feel on top of the world .A adviseB persuadeC promiseD recommend( )13.( ) 14.( ) 15.----Could you tell me___? I’m going to visit him .---- Sorry , I don’t know .A.which school does Peter work atB. which school did Peter work atC. which school Peter works atD. which school Peter worked at16 The problem is _____________________.A. too easy for her to work it outB. so difficult that she can’t work outC. difficult enough that she can work it outD. easy enough for her to work out——Excuse me, Sir. Could you help me to look ________ my child? I can’t find him anywhere in the shop.——Ok. What does he look ________? （2006年深圳中考题）A. after; likeB. for: likeC. like; aroundD. like; out——What ________ news it was! （2006年深圳中考题）——Yes, all of the children were ________.A. excited; excitingB. exciting; recitedC. exciting; excitingD. excited; excited——Traveling by plane is ________ than traveling by train. （2006年深圳中考题）——Yes, but it is not so ________ as traveling by train.A. quickly; cheaperB. more quick; cheaplyC. quick; more cheapD. quicker; cheap——Mum, I think I’m ________ to get back to school. （2006年深圳中考题）——Not really, my dear. You’d better ________ at home for another day or two.A. so well; stayB. so good; to stayC. well enough, stayD. good enough, to stayYou don’t write ________ before. You must write ________.A. as carefully as; more carefulB. carefully, carefulC. as carefully as, more carefullyD. more carefully, careful——Hi, David! Do you think you can learn English well? （2004年深圳中考题）——I think I can. But it’s ________ of all the subjects.A. difficultB. more difficult D. most difficult D. the most difficult15. ——Our class team lost the school football match. （2004年深圳中考题）——We felt very sad. But David looked quite ________.A. happilyB. sadlyC. happyD. sad——How well did you do in the maths exam? （2006年广州中考题）——Better than before. I think it was ________ difficult than the last one.A. moreB. lessC. muchD. very17. ——This b ox is ________ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?——Certainly. （2006年武汉中考题）A. soB. muchC. veryD. too18. ——What do you think of his speech? （2006年武汉中考题）——Oh, wonderful. But his voice sounds really ________when he first started speaking.A. aloudB. worriedC. nervousD. quietTom is not so careful as Jack.四、补全对话（一）从7个单词选5个完成对话( A. among B. between C. win D. one E. term F. team G. Good )L: It’s Sunday tomorrow . What are you going to do ?W: Oh, I’m going to watch a football match . It’s 1 Korea and China .L: Wonderful ! I really hope we’ll 2 this time . At what time is it going to begin ?W: At 3 o’clock in the afternoon . I have two tickets here . I can let you have 3L: Thanks , but I can’ t go with you . We are going to have a basketball match tomorrow afternoon . W: What a pity ! Whom are you going to play against ?L: A 4 from No. 2 Middle School .W: 5 luck to you and your team !L: Thank you . see you later .（二）从7个句子选5个完全对话A.Is there anything I can do for you?B.What’s the matter, Alice?C.I hope that your mother gets well soon.D.How long will you be away?E.But you must write a written request.F.Don’t worry about your lessons.G.But I hope you’ll not be late for work.A: Excuse me, Mr. Green,B: ____6_____.A: My mother is ill. I have to take care of her.B: Oh, dear! I am sorry to hear that.____7____A: No, thank you. My mother has a high fever and coughs day and night. The doctor says she has to be in hospital. I have to be with her.B: I understand. ___8___A: I hope to be back next Wednesday.B: That’s all right.___9___A: Thank you, Mr. Green, I’ll write it immediately.B: ___10___. I’ll certainly help you with them when you get back.三、解释句子AWhen you turn on the TV, you can watch advertisements. Some of them can tell people what is the best and cheapest. But some of them about children are opposite.Many advertisements of eating and drinking tell children to imitate（模仿）what the children do on TV.So they don’t like to eat healthy foods like rice and vegetables. These foods are very important for their growth.Some doctors say to parents that letting their children drink too much Coke Cola and soft drinks is not helpful. And some of these drinks are expensive.A famous advertisement asks, “Did you drink it today?” That child’s voice makes children drink “it”.But is it really helpful to their health?We all say children are the future of our country. What should we do for our children?31. Which kind of food is important to children?A. Coke Cola.B. Soft drinksC. Delicious food.D. Rice and vegetables.32. Many advertisements tell children to eat _________.A. helpful foods as possible as they can.B. what they see on TV advertisementsC. what they need for growthD. all kinds of good foods33. The sentence “Did you drink it today?” on an advertisement asks _______.A. children to drink “it” ev ery day.B. children to answer a questionC. children to drink waterD. children to keep health34. Which of the following is TRUE?A. All the advertisements are helpful.B. Not all the advertisements are good for children.C. We must do what advertisements tell toD. We can’t watch TV advertisements.35. What is the main idea of this text?A. Watch advertisements.B. All advertisements are very good.C. Many advertisements of eating and drinking tell children to imitate（模仿）what the childrendo on TV.D.Childred like Coke Cola and soft drinks.BLi Zhi is policeman in Shenzhen. He likes to help others. One day, an old lady comes to the police station. She looks quite sad.“What can I do for you, madam?” Li Zhi asks.“Oh, my dear. You must help me, sir. I’m looking for my dog Lucky,” says the old lady.’ It’s lost. I can’t live without it.”“Oh. I’m sorry to hear that, madam,” says Li Zhi,” but I think you must put on an advertisement in the newspaper.”“ It’s useless（无用的）,” says the lady.“Why?” Li Zhi asks“Because my dear Lucky can’t read at all!”36. Li Zhi is a ___ in Shenzhen.A. firemanB. policemanC. postmanD. doctor37. The old lady looks ____ when she comes to the police station.A. unhappyB. happyC. sickD. healthy38 What’s wrong with the old lady’s dog?A. It’s sickB. It’s deadC. It’s lostD. It’s fine39. What does the word “advertisement” mean in Chinese?A 文章 B. 警告 C. 标语 D. 广告40. The old lady doesn’t want to put on an advertisement in the newspaper because ___ . A. she knows her dog is already dead B. she doesn’t love her dogC. she thinks her dog can’t readD. she doesn’t have enough moneBHere is a menu for a fast food restaurant. The prices are in American money, called dollars and cents. There are 100 cents in a dollar.56. From the menu, how much does a small hamburger cost?A. One hundred and eighty dollars.B. Two dollars and thirty cents.C. Eighty cents.D. One dollar and eighty cents.57. If you have only three dollars, what can you buy?A. A large salad and a large ice cream.B. A large chicken burger and a small cup of tea.C. A small vegetable burger and a large chocolate.D. An apple pie and large hamburger with cheese.58. Jam is a kind of ________.A. main mealB. side dishC. sweetD. drink59. Which is not sold in this restaurant?A. Coffee.B. Fries.C. Hamburger.D. Wine.60. A thirsty boy will probably ask for ________.A. coca colaB. donutsC. friesD. a chicken burgerDWhen you want to know more about someone, you often ask “What do you do?” This means “What is your job?” It is a common question, and we do not think there is anything strange about it. But it is possible that in the future we will ask a different question. We might ask, “What do you play?”Computers and such things are making jobs more automatic and less demanding (依赖). Scientists tell us that one day very few people will have to work. Our society will be run by computers. And so we will all have a great deal of free time. And then games will be more important than jobs.Today games and play are a very important part of life. Today people are divided into social classes （社会阶层）because of the type of work they do. Tomorrow they may be divided because of the types of games they play.In the future, we may have “fun specialists,”just as we now have specialists in different types of work. It would be their job to show us how to get the most fun and enjoyment out of our spare time. Andour society (社会) may be made up of sub-groups, such as surfers, skydivers, joggers, skiers, etc… Many of these subgroups may depend on technology (科技) to provide (提供)the equipment (设备)for their games.66. A common question we ask a stranger is ________.A. “What do you play?”B. “What do you do?”C. “What is your name?”D. “Where do you live?”67. Jobs now are less demanding because ________.A. we have many specialists who can do most of the jobsB. we have more and more working peopleC. we have computers and such things to help usD. our society is divided into sub-groups68. “Fun specialists” refer to (指的是) ________.A. a few people who still have to workB. sub-groups of societyC. people who would provide equipment for gamesD. people who would show us how to play well69. Future society may be made up of sub-groups according to what people ________.A. playB. doC. needD. have70. The best title for this passage is ________.A. Fun SpecialistsB. Future SocietyC. How to Divide SocietyD. Computer and Men四、作文1、头发是我们外表很重要的一部分，我们该如何做才能好好护理我们的头发呢？作为学生，我们应该有健康的生活习惯和合适的发型，这样才不会影响我们的学习。
语言学第二章练习题讲课讲稿
语言学第二章练习题Chapter 2 Phonology1. What are the two major media of communication? Of the two, which one is primary and why?Two major media of communication are speech and writing, Of the two, speech is primary. The reasons are as follows.1)From the point of view of linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing. Thewriting system of any language is always “invented’ by its users to recordspeech when the need arises.2)In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in termsof the amount of information conveyed.3)Speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mothertongue, and writing is learned and taught later when he goes to school.4)For modern linguists, spoken language reveals more true features of humanspeech while written language is only the “revised” record of speech.2. What is voicing and how is it caused?Voicing is a quality of speech sounds. It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.3. Explain with examples how broad transcription and narrow transcription differ.When we use a simple set of symbols in our transcription, it is called broad transcription. Narrow transcription is the use of more specific symbols to show phonetic details.In broad transcription, the symbol [ l ] is used for the sound [ l ] in words leaf [ li:f] and feel [fi:l]. The [l] in [ li:f] , occurring before a vowel, is called clear [ l ]. The [ l ] in [fi:l] occurring in the end of a word or before another consonant , is called dark [ l ].And in narrow transcription the diacritic tilde [~] is used to indicate it. 4．How are the English consonants classified?English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of manner of articulation and the other is in terms of place of articulation.In terms of manner of articulation, it can be classified into stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, glides and nasals. In terms of place of articulation, it can be classified into bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar and glottal.5. What criteria are used to classify the English vowels?According to the place of the tongue, vowels can be distinguished as front, central and back. According to the openness of the mouth, vowels can be classified into four groups: close vowels, semi-close vowels., semi-open vowels and open vowels. According to the shape of the lips, all the front vowels and the central vowel can are unrounded vowels and all the back vowels are rounded vowels.6. Give the phonetic symbol for each of the following sound descriptions:1) voiced palatal affricative [ dʒ ]2) voiceless labiodental fricative [f ]3) voiced alveolar stop [ g ]4) front close short [ i ]5) back semi-open long [ ɔ: ]6) voiceless bilabial stop [ p ]Give the phonetic features of each of the following sounds1)[ d ] voiced alveolar stop2)[ l ] voiced alveolar liquid3)[ tʃ ] voiceless palatal affricate4)[ w ] voiced bilabial glide5)[ u ] back close short6)[ ae ] front open7. How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study? Who do you think will be more interested in the difference between, say, clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] , aspirated [ p] and unaspirated [p] , a phonetician or a phonologist ? why? Phonology and phonetics differ in their approach and focus. Phonology aims at discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. Phonetics is of a general nature and it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages.The difference between clear [l] and dark [ l ] is what the phoneticians are interested in . For the phonologists, these two sounds are fundamentally the same ,since they have one and the same function in communication , in distinguishing between words and meanings despite their difference in pronunciation.8. What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme？ How are allophones related to a phoneme?A phone is a phonetic unit or segment. A phoneme is a phonological unit. It is a unit that is distinctive , abstract and it is the smallest unit. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme. For example, in the word leaf [ li:f] and the word deal [di:l] , / l / is onephoneme and the [l] in [li:f] is clear, the [ l ] in [di:l] is dark. They are all allophones of the phoneme /l/.9. Explain with examples the sequential rule, the assimilation rule, and the deletion rule.Sequential rules are the rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language. For example, if a word begins with a [ l ] or [ i ], then the next sound must be a vowel. Thus, [ lbik ] [ ilkb ] are impossible in English. They have violated the restrictions on the sequencing of phonemesThe assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying’ a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. For example, the [ i:] sound is nasalized in words like bean, green and team. This is because in all these sound combination the [ i:] sound is followed by a nasal [n ] or [ m].The deletion rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically represented. For example, in the pronunciation of such words sign, design, there is no [ g ] sound although it is represented in spelling by the letter g10. What are the suprasegmental features ? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features. The main suprasemental features include stress, intonation and tone. The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. Tones are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of vocal cords. Intonation plays an important role in the conveyance of meaning in almost every language, especially in a language like English. Intonation has four tones.: the falling tone, the rising tone, the fall-rise tone, the rise-fall tone. When spoken in different tones, the same sequence of words may have different meanings.杨晓娅唐明李克燕谢江兰李佳卉2011级英语二班。
语言学教程（第四版）练习第2章
语言学教程（第四版）练习第2章Chapter Two Speech SoundsI. Mark the choice that best completes the statement.1.In a syllable, a vowel often serves as _______.A. Peak or NucleusB. OnsetC. CodaD. Rhyme2. Conventionally a ______ is put in slashes / /.A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme3. An aspirated [p h], an unaspirated [p o] and an unreleased [p﹁] are ____ of the /p/ phoneme.A. analoguesB. tagmemesC. morphemesD. allophones4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as ______.A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula5. The diphthongs that are made with a movementA. wideB. closingC. narrowD.centering6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _____.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones7. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop ?A. [p]B. [m]C. [b]D. [t]8. Which one is different from the others according to places fo articulation ?A.[n]B. [m]C. [b]D. [p]9. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels ?A. [i:]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating ?A. V oicelessB. V oicedC. Glottal stopD. ConsonantII. Mark the following statements with “T” if they are trueor “F” if they are false.(10%)1. [f] is a dental consonant.2. Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentence patterns of a language.3. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make a different word, are phones.4. [p] is a voiced bilabial stop.5. The speech sounds which are in complementary distribution are not always allophones of the same phoneme.6. The last sound of cut can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These different realizations of the same phoneme are NOT in complementary distribution.7. Phonology is language specific but phonetics is not.8. Distinctive features can show phonological contrasts or oppositions of language sounds.9. Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people.10. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to placea consonant. It is put into coda than the onset.11. When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.12.The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.13. Uvular is made with the back of the tongue and the uvula.14. Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.15. A syllable can be divided into two parts, the NUCLEUS and CODA.III. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word. The first letter of the word is already given(10％)1. V________ is made with the back of the tongue and the soft palate. An example in English is [k] as in cat.2. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing f_______.3. The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the t_________ and the lips.4. One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the h_________ to which that part of the tongue is raised.5. Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without o______.6. In phonological analysis the words fail/veil are distinguishbable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ —/v/. This is an example for illustrating m_______ pairs.7. In English there are a number of d_______, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening position.8. C__________ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors.9. P________ is the smallest linguistic unit.10. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the a_________ coming from the lungs.IV. Explain the following concepts or theories.1. Assimilation2. Suprasegmental feature3. Complementary distribution4. Distinctive feature.V. Answer the following question.1. What is acoustic phonetics ?2. What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?VI .Match each term in Column A with one relevant item in Column B.A B(1) Approximant a. tool and stool(2) Labiodental b. tool and pool(3) Aspirated and unaspirated c. produced by pushing air out(4) English syllable d. (C)V(C)(5) Chinese syllable e. [v](6) minimal pair f. Roman Jacobson(7) pulmonic g. (((C)C)C)V(((C)C)C)C)(8) non-pulmonic h. Otoo Jespersen(9) distinctive features I. [w](10) IPA j. produced by sucking air inVII. Essay question.1.Illustrate phonological processes and phonological rules.2.Illustrate the differences between phonetics and phonology.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with (an) appropriate word(s).1. Of the three branches of phonetics, the _________ phonetics studies sounds fro the speaker’s point of view; the _________ phonetics looks at sounds from the hearer’s point of view; and the __________ phonetics studies the way sounds travel by looking at sound waves.2. The ________, mouth, and ________ form the three cavities ofthe vocal tract.3. In terms of places of articulation, __________ is a retroflex.4. When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be _________.5. Consonants are produced by constricting or obstructing the ______, ________ at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.6. Affricates consist of a _________ followed immediately afterwards by a fricative at the same place of articulation.7. [z, ?,?,h] are ______ in terms of manners of articulation.8. Name four oral stops besides [p] and [t]: ___, ____, ___, __, and nasals __, __, __.9 According to the places of articulation, [f] and [v] are ______.10. In terms of places of articulation, [ ?] and [?] can be classified into the category of _____.11. [j] is a __________ in terms of places of articulation.12. In English and Chinese, vowels with an audible change of quality are called ________.13. [P o, P h] are ________ of the same phoneme /p/.14. [?, e] belong to the category of ________ in accordance with their places of articulation.15. Besides [s], [z], other four sibilants are ____, ___,_____,____.16. A syllable that has no _____ is called an open syllable.17. An example of four consonants occurring after the peak is the word ____.18. The IPA provides its users with a set of symbols called ______, which can be added to the letter-symbols to make finer distinctions than the letters alone possible.19. An initial classification will divide the speech sounds into two broad categories: __________ and ___________.20. The three cavities in the articulatory apparatus are pharyngeal cavity, _____, ____ and ______.21. Name five of the English front vowels: _______, ______, _______, ______, _____.22. The [p] sound in peak is called an ______ [p], and the [p] sound in speak is an _______ [p].23. The main suprasegmental feature include _____, _____, and ______.24. The _____________ rule also accounts for the varying pronunciation of the alveolar nasal [n] in some sound combinations.25. In English, all the front vowels and central vowels are ______ vowels.26. The features that a phoneme possesses, making it different from other phonemes, are its ________.27. ___________ refers to the degree of force used in producinga syllable.28. In terms of the height of tongue rising, vowels can be classified as _____, ______ and ______ vowels.III. Mark the choice that best completes the statement.1. Phonetics is of a general nature, and it is interested in ______.A. all the speech sounds used in all human languagesB. has speech sounds are producedC. how speech sounds differ from each otherD. how speech sounds can be classified2. The study to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns should be included in ______.A. phoneticsB. phonologyC. articulatory phoneticsD. acoustic phonetics3. The sound [l] in _____ is a clear one.A. tellB. quiltC. leafD. peel4. The basic unit in phonology is called ___, and it is a unit that of distinctive value.A. phonemeB. phoneC. allophoneD. sound5. ______ does n’t form a minimal pair.A. Gap and capB. Pat and padC. Tip and dipD. Map and tam6. _____ is not in complementary distribution.A. Spot and potB. Stop and topC. School and coolD. Light and glad7. The following pairs form a minimal pair EXCRPT _____.A. look and bookB. pin and binC. kill and dillD. beat and pee8. ______ is not the term used ot classify the English consonants in terms of manners of articulation.A. ApproximantB. LateralC. PlosiveD. Bilabial9. In the following word ____, the articulation of bilabial is not manifested.A. petB. metC. howD. web10. The distinctive feature of the sound [s] is ______.A. voiceless alveolar fricativeB. voiced alveolar fricativeC. voiceless dental affricativeD. voiced dental fricative11. The sounds in _____ are alveolars.A. [f] and [v]B. [t] and [d]C. [?] and [?]D. [k] and [g]12. The sound with the features bilabial nasal is _____.A. [j]B. [t]C. [m]D. [?]13. Diphthongal glides in English can be heard in following words EXCEPT _____.A. wayB. towerC. tideD. how14. Words in the pair ____ form a minimal pair.A. beat and seenB. pig and padC. choke and jokeD. but and heart15. In the word ____, [l] is palatalized.A. leadB.stealC. lilyD. lied16. In terms of narrow transcription, [l] is dark in the word ____.A. ledB. languageC. dealD. clear17. Each pair of words manifests complementary distribution EXCEPT _____.A. spot and payB. stop and topC. replay and payD. school and cool18. For the word direction, Americans usually pronounce it as [dair?k??n] whereas most British people say [dir?k??n]. This phenomenon can be interpreted in terms of ____.A. phonetic similarityB. free variationC. complementary distributionD. allophones19. In all the following words we can find examples of regressive assimilation EXCEPT ______.A. sinkB. ninthC. capD. help20. ______ gives the correct description of the sound [u:].A. Velar nasalB. High back tense rounded vowelC. Low back lax rounded vowelD. High front lax unrounded vowel21. If three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the first phoneme must be ______.A. [p]B. [t]C. [l]D. [s]22. The vowel in _____ should be nasalized according to the assimilation rules.A. teaB. peepC. fleeD. bean23. The sound assimilation is not manifested in the spelling of the word _____.A. implausibleB. illegalC. irregularD. input24. When we produce the back vowels, we hold the ____ partof the tongue higher than the rest of it.A. centralB. frontC. backD. the tip25. _____ is not the term used to classify the English consonants in terms of manner of articulation.A. StopsB. LiquidsC. GlidesD. Dental26. The one that does not belong to the alveolar is ______.A. [t]B. [m]C. [n]D.[r]27. Sounds like [?], [?], and [j] are realized by the obstruction between the back of the tongue and the hard palate. They belong to the type of _______.A. palatalB. glottalC. bilabialD. velar28. The distinctive features of the sound [] are ______.A. voiced, nasalB. velarlabial, nasal, voicedC. voiced, alveolar, nasalD. voiced, labial, palatal29. The labiodentals sounds in English are _____.A.[p] and [b]B. [f] and [v]C. [?] and [e]D. [k] and [g]30. According to the rule of _____, the article an, instead of a, is used before the word apple.A. nasalizationB. dentalizationC. epenthesisD. velarization31. The sound _____ does not belong the group of fricative.A. [f]B. [v]C. [k]D. [h]32. If we follow the English vowel system of Radford, we can describe the vowel [i:] in the way of _____.A. high front tense rounded vowelB. high back lax unroundedC. high front tense unrounded vowelD. low back lax rounded vowel33. _____ does not contain a bilabial sound.A. MyB. YouC. BuyD. Pie34. _____ ends with an affricateA. RackB. SuchC. BoozeD. Tip35. The word ____ begins with the sound of a palato-alveolar consonant.A. shipB. lipC. zipD. sip36. The articulation of ______ is made with the two pieces of vocal folds pushed towards each other.A. uvularB. glottalC. velarD. palatal37. Triphthongal glides in English can be heard in ______.A. tideB. toyC. howD. wire38. The word _____ contains a high vowel.A. lotB. matC. mudD. boot39. All the following words contain front vowels EXCEPT _______.A. bookB. sleepC. slipD. shed40. The sound ______ is usually formed in English by curling the tip of the tongue back behind the alveolar ridge.B. [j]C. [h]D. [w]41. In the word ____, there is no syllabic consonant.A. cottonB. bottomC. tableD. national42. Pitch variation is known as _____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice43. [p] in the word peak can be described as ____.A. voiced bilabial stopB. voiceless bilabial stopC. voiced bilabial plosiveD. voiceless labiodentals stop44. The description voiceless alveolar fricative describes the following consonant ____.A. [p]B. [b]C. [s]D. [z]45. The vowel ____ can be described with features of mid, central, lax, unrounded.A. [?]B. [i:]D. [?]46. The idea of ____ is introduced to indicate the difference between [i] and [l], [?] and [?].A. tensenessB. lip-roundingC. height of tongue risingD. voicing47. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds ?A. Acoustic PhoneticsB. Articulatory PhoneticsC. Auditory PhoneticsD. None of the above.48. In narrow transcription the word help should be presented as _____.A. [h??p]B. [h?lp]C. [help]D. [h??p]49. The word below ____ refers to a unit of explicit sound contrast.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. phoneticsD. phonology50. Among the following words, _____ does no form a minimal pair with the sound of the word highA. buyB. foeD. shy.IV. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary.1.In English, the description of vowels needs to fulfill four basic requirements.What are they? Explain them and offer at least one example.2.Explain the assimilation rule in phonology with examples.3.What do you know about RP? Does it change with time ?。
译林版高中英语必修二Unit2 板块小练 Extendded reading
一、根据Extended reading课文内容选出最佳选项1. There are many benefits of practising tai chi EXCEPT .A. feeling sleepy at nightB. staying cool in stressful situationsC. being more energetic during the dayD. relaxing one’s mind2. Why are animals’names applied to some tai chi moves?A. The inventor drew inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird.B. It is easy to describe tai chi moves with animals’names.C. Tai chi is based on martial arts skills which tend to imitate animals with a long tradition.D. Some animals always kept him company while the inventor practised tai chi.3. Which one is NOT true in the following statements?A. Tai chi has greatly influenced the author both physically and mentally.B. In contemporary society, people have a tendency to hold a belief that Chen Wangting based tai chi on martial arts skills.C. There is many a style of tai chi besides Chen-style tai chi.D. When practising tai chi, people move parallelly with the aim of maintaining the balance of yin and yang in the body.二、根据首字母或中文提示完成句子1. The young man stood out with honesty in the interview. As a result, he was a____________ to the foreign company.2. Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book i____________ confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.3. Travelling is a good way to e____________ different cultures and broaden the mind.4. The dog had such devotion to its m____________ that it would not leave him, even when he was dead.5. No w____________ you caught a cold. You shouldn’t have gone out last night without a coat.6. Sarah looked at the finished painting with ____________ (满足).7. On seeing the snake, he inched his way ____________ (向后).8. Plants can take in carbon dioxide we ____________ (呼吸) out and give in return oxygen to us.9. Enjoy yourself today and don’t worry about tomorrow—that’s my ____________ (哲学)!10. We need to get to the ____________ (根源) of the problem before we can solve it.三、微写作用60词左右向外国朋友介绍一下太极这项运动。
新编英语教程第二册单元练习Unit1-4
新编英语教程第二册单元练习Unit1-4《新编英语教程》（修订版）第二册单元练习Unit Exercises(Unit 1, Book 2)Ⅰ. Vocabulary:A B( ) 1. disheartening A．fame ( ) 2. participate B．cruel ( ) 3. reputation C．discouraging ( ) 4. tremendous D．shake ( ) 5. brutal E．new ( ) 6. employ F．imagine ( ) 7. contest G．hire ( ) 8. visualize H．take part ( ) 9. novel (adj.) I．competition ( ) 10. tremor J．Great Ⅱ. Multiple C choice:1. He dropped in the middle of the race due to hasty training. A．in B．out C．off D．down2. The two runners were good enough to qualify the Games. A．to B．for C．of3. I was so happy that I could hardly back my tears. A．control B．draw C．keep4. I am so grateful you for clearing this up. A．to B．for C．with5. I was about to leave a customer came in. A．while B．if C．whenⅢ. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions or adverbs:1. The first Olympic games were held Greece ancient times.2. You must keep it mind that the gerund must not be confused the present participle.3. They were so short funds that they were forced to live a near-starvation diet.4. She was tears as she told the story what had happened.5. Several friends dropped during the day, but only a few stayed dinner.Ⅳ. Cloze:Young people and older people do not always 1 _. Theysometimes have 2_ ideas about living, working, and playing. But in one special program in New York State, 3_ and teenagers live together 4_ peace. Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together 5_ eight weeks 6_ members of a special work group. Everyone 7_ several hours each day. The 8_ is not just to keep busy. It is to find meaning and enjoyment in 9_ . Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the village, 10_ learn to make furniture and to build houses. The adults teach them these skills.D．with D．hold D．about D．after1. A．quarrel B．agree C．disagree D．argue2. A．different B．some C．similar D．strange3. A．old people B．older people C．adults D．adult4. A．for B．with C．by D．in5. A．after B．in C．for D．during6. A．of B．as C．together D．to be7. A．works B．worked C．works in D．worked in8. A．target B．goal C．point D．aim9. A．life B．studies C．labour D．work10. A．Some adults B．Some C．Other adults D．Many teenagersⅤ. Reading comprehension:For most people, life is easier and more comfortable than ever before. Convenience foods from the supermarket simplify shopping and cooking. Household appliances like the vacuum cleaner and the washing machine have taken the drudgery out of housework. Released from these household chores, many wives have found jobs outside the home. Women are achieving economic independence.Families, too, are simpler today. In America, it is not customary for parents to live with their married children. With our greater mobility, relatives have scattered, the parents retiring to Florida or Arizona and the young people, after they marry, going wherever their jobs or their interests take them.Young adult women have new freedom, too. While attendingcollege, they often live away from home, sometimes far from their parents or their relatives. After college, they move to the city, find a job, and set up a“bachelor”apartment. This is the era of women’s liberation.But all this freedom and affluence (富足) have had an unforeseen and in some respects a devastating effect on marriage.1. In the U.S., families are becoming .A．bigger B．smaller C．easier D．freer 2. Why are women able to achieve economic independence? A．Because they are free away from drudgery. B．Because convenience foods are available. C．Because they have their own salary. D．Because they are attending college.3. Hard housework was taken away by .A．liberated women B．retired parents C．unforeseen supermarkets D．modern equipment 4. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? A．Women’s liberation has made it possible for them to attend college. B．Comfortable life adversely influences marriage in America. C．Adults can go wherever they want. D．Women prefer to be bachelors.5. The passage implies that the author . A．highly praises the liberation of womenB．heartily enjoys this freedom and affluence C．strongly recommends such kind of social lifeD．greatly worries about the bond of matrimony (结婚)Ⅵ. Rewrite the following sentences as instructed:1. A patriotic general did not donate enough money to finance the trip for the two runners until the last minute. (use“It was not until ?that ?”)2. While we were discussing the question, the professor came in.(use“when”)3. Although it is played in no other country in the world, it excites tremendous enthusiasm. (use“In spite of”)Ⅶ. Translate th e following sentences into English: 1. 我发现这家工厂没有任何质量控制。
Chapter(2) Two
[ii] For some certain scopes: A subjective test is used in a small scope (For example, in a class);while an objective test is used in a large scope (nation-wide or even world-wide), CET,WSK… [iii] For some certain purposes: An objective test is used for selecting in the proficiency test; while a subjective test is used in the diagnostic test to reinforce or remedy learning and improve teaching.
3
a. Short-term objectives b. New examples of the material taught c. Immediate response d. Analysis: (Generally speaking, most of the students should get 80% right.) m (mean) and S.D. (Standard Deviation) (Questions:) (1) If m is small, what’s the problem? (2) If S.D. is big, what’s the problem?
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2) Objective Test
(1) The Objective Test has only one correct answer. (2) From: Multiple-choice (3) Advantages: [i] The result is objective. [ii] Scoring is very convenient, unnecessarily ask the professionals to score. [iii] It covers a wide range of items. [iv] It’s very reliable. [v] The paper can be kept for later use. 15
(人教版最新)高中英语必修第二册 Unit 2单元测试01
Unit 2 单元测试一、阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMore than two thirds of the world’s polar bears will be wiped out by 2050, according to ashocking new study. By then, scientists say, global warming will have melted 42 percent of theArctic sea ice. By 2100, only a very few of these important creatures will be left.The report has been produced by the US Geological Survey. The scientists have publicizedtheir findings in the hope of influencing US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne, who has beenasked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, which are their main food. Without enough ice, polar bears would be forced to go onto the land, where they are killed by hunters, and would be unlikely to adapt to the life on the land in time. Experts say few little bears would survive and the stress could make many females unable to get pregnant.The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months studying bears: on the ground, from spotter planes and in the lab, using computer models. Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computer had been forecasting, Satellite observations have showed that the ice has decreased to an all-time low.However, not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on such an alarming scale. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by wealthy “sportsmen” who want their skins and heads. At least ten international companies offer bear-hunting trips.1. What do we know about Dirk Kempthorne according to the passage?A. He is an animal scientist.B. He is a protector of animals working for the US government.C. He was asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.D. He offered to put polar bears on the endangered species list.2. Why will polar bears die out if there is not enough sea ice?A. Because polar bears can’t catch enough food without sea ice.B. Because polar bears eat ice when they feel thirsty.C. Because polar bears will be easily found by hunters without ice.D. Because most female bears are used to giving birth under ice.3. After a six-month study, some scientists fear that ________.A. there is something wrong with their computersB. polar bears will disappear even faster than they ever expectedC. their computer models are not as accurate as they expectedD. global warming will destroy everything in the ArcticBThe British are known for their sense of humor. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It’s a little damp（潮湿的）outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn’t exactly friendly.” Understatement is often used in an unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humor.Another key to understanding British humor is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidently falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What’s more, the British love to watch comedies（喜剧）about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedies series Mr. Bean is a good example of this kind of humor.Mr. Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990. Mr. Bean doesn’t talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr. Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr. Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humor. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humor.4. Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?A. The British often enlarge the fact.B. British jokes are connected with many different cultures.C. British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.D. The British try to make out that something is less important than it is.5. The author explains understatement by ________.A. describing a processB. making comparisonsC. following time orderD. using examples6. What can be the best title for the text?A. British Humor in ComedyB. Humor in Different CulturesC. Understanding British HumorD. Developing Your Sense of HumorCWhere do the turtles go?Every summer, thousands of endangered green sea turtles climb onto beaches around the world. Each mother sea turtle produces 100 or more eggs in a hole, and covers the hole with sand before she swims away.Two months later, the eggs hatch, and the baby turtles climb out of the sand andswim into the ocean. They don’t reappear until they have grown as large as dinner plates.Until now, no one knows where the baby turtles go or what they do.“If we don’t know where these little turtles are, we can’t protect them,” says KimReich, who helps solve part of the mystery.Her teacher, Karen Bjorndal, has studied green sea turtles for more than 30 years.Every year, Bjorndal goes to the Bahamas Islands. Many young sea turtles come here tolive and eat at the end of their childhood.These turtles are the only sea turtles that live as plant eaters. In fact, their name may be a result of what they eat. The turtles don’t look green but they do have green fat. Scientists learned that the turtles eat green sea plants, which may turn their fat green.Between 2002 and 2004, Bjorndal caught 44 green sea turtles in the Bahamas. After testing them, she found something to support the 20-year-old idea: baby green sea turtles eat meat before they turn to a diet of plants. In fact, they eat animals that live in the open ocean.Scientists still need to find where exactly green sea turtles grow. We now know that baby green sea turtles are out in the open ocean, but the open ocean is a big place.“It is really a problem,” says Bjorndal. The discovery may help us do a better job of protecting this sea animal.7. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. Baby turtles go to the ocean when they are three months old.B. Mother turtles leave the eggs alone after they produce them.C. No one knows when turtles appear on the beach.D. Mother turtles are as large as dinner plates.8. Kim Reich does research on where baby turtles go because she wants to ________.A. help her teacherB. prove an ideaC. protect turtlesD. become a scientist9. What does Karen Bjorndal’s research prove about green sea turtles?A. The young live in the Bahamas Islands.B. The young eat meat before turning to a diet of plants.C. They live in the open ocean for a lifelong time.D. They are the only sea turtles that live as plant eaters.10. What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?A. Finding out where young turtles grow.B. Protecting this endangered sea animal.C. Changing young turtles’ eating habits.D. Living in the open ocean.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
七年级英语上册 Chapter 2 Our Daily Life单元练习 牛津深圳版
1. I can take Li Ming there when he __________ ( come) to visit.
2 .____________your sister__________(know)English?
home_________ __________ ___________(远离 )her school.
A.always B.often C.sometimes D.never
( ) 7.Sandyhas a violin lesson_____.
A.yesterday st week C.once a week D.once
( ) 8. I usually talk with my classmates in English_____home
A.on the wபைடு நூலகம்y B.in the way C.by the way D.in this way
( ) 9. She is a pretty girl and she usually_____a beautiful skirt.
A.put on B.puts on C.wear D.wears
Chapter 2 Our Daily Life
I.英汉互译：
1.骑摩托车students
2.玩电脑游戏business
3.放学后a week
4.达到深圳an exam
5.返回学校a club
6.继续工作A grade
7.温度phone calls to clients
8.告诉真相exercises
A.with B.by C.for D.in
() 5. Jim is a lazy boy.He_____study hard
2022年新英语2章节练习题
新英语2蝴蝶梦3第五单元A1.truly：同源词true，truth。
2.instead：“相反地〞，注意搭配instead of。
3.moan about：“抱怨〞。
4.more or less：“或多或少〞。
5.incessantly：同源词incessant。
6.noisily：同源词noise，noisy。
7.subtly：同源词subtle。
8.affliction：同源词afflict。
9. a series of：“一系列〞。
10.painful：同源词pain。
11.depend upon：= depend on。
12.sadness：同源词sad。
13.loneliness：同源词lonely，区别alone。
14.guilt：同源词guilty。
15.uncomfortable：同源词comfortable，comfort。
16.equal：注意搭配equal to。
17.endless：同源词end。
18.as well as：“除…之外，和〞，注意区别as well。
19.cutting edge：“尖端，最前沿〞，注意与cut形成其他的短语。
20.distinguish between：注意短语固定用法。
21.call forth：“引起，使产生〞，注意与call形成搭配的其他词组。
22.courage：同源词encourage(ment)，discourage(ment)。
23.mentally：同源词mental。
24.spiritually：同源词spirit，spiritual。
25.growth：同源词grow，注意短语grow up。
26.deliberately：同源词deliberate。
27.actually：同源词actual,=in fact=as matter of fact=in effect。
第五单元B1.start over：“重新开始〞。
朗文2Bchapter2练习(可编辑修改word版)
LWTE 2B Chapter 2Choose the correct answers.( ) 1. I want to make fruit cake. Is there fruit in the fridge?A. some; anyB. a; anyC. a; some( ) 2. -Are there bananas? -Sorry. There aren’t bananas. A. any; some B. some; some C. any; any( ) 3. I need sugar. Is there sugar?A. some; anyB. any; anyC. any; some( ) 4. There’s egg, orange and butter.A. a; a; aB. an; an; someC. a; a; some( ) 5. there any mangoes? – Yes, there .A. Is; isB. Are; areC. Are; isn’t( ) 6. there any flour? -No, there .A. Is; isB. Are; isn’tC. Is; isn’t( ) 7. make a cake.A. LetsB. Let’sC. Let( ) 8. only one apple in the basket. But some milk.A. There are; there isB. There is; there areC. There is; there is ( ) 9. -Are there any birds in the park? -Yes, some birds.A. there isB. there areC. there aren’t( ) 10. Mary has a party this Sunday. She some friends her party.A. invite; toB. invites; inC. invites; to( ) 11. I can see some in the fridge.A. cookies and chickenB. cookie and chocolateC. raisin and butters ( ) 12. are some cats under the table, are black.A. The; theyB. There; theyC. They; there ( ) 13. There any grapes. There any ham.A. are; isB. aren’t;isn’tC. are; isn’t ( ) 14. There some mangoes but there any grapes.A. is; isn’tB. are; areC. are; aren’t ( ) 15. Are there potatoes? No, but there some tomatoes.A. any; areB. some; aren’tC. any; aren’tRead and choose.读短文，选择正确的答案：。
Unit2-单元练习
Unit2 单元练习一、Vocabulary:The museum had several paintings representing the artist's early style.The old man was retired and became bored for lack of occupation .The house gives no evidence of having been occupied.Use your seat belt to decrease the danger of injury in an accident.I have been waiting for him for the last twenty minutes, but he hasn't shown up yet.Please assure John that my house is not about to fall down. The new book was the biggest cultural event of the year. According to today's newspaper, we shall have cold weather next week.Their earnings are in proportion to their skill.Overall , more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.My older sister has taken on the role of wife and mother.My shirt has shrunk so much after washing that I can't wear it any more.Hold the ladder steady while I stand on it, or I'll fall off.I was riding my bicycle along the road when a car overtook me.The standard of people's life shows that their economy is declining .You will not make a good teacher, unless you feel teaching is your vocation .He graduated from the university 10 years ago and still kept in touch with several classmates.Many of the students are working to help pay for their college tuition.Some people use their superior ranks to gain an advantage. In the countryside I had some interesting experiences that are memorable for me.二、GrammarChoose the best answer for each of the following items.Bill has much experience in sales, so he has a qualification for the job.No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would giveway to the other .The job gave me a chance to live with the scientists in their research.They want a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat.I did not choose any of the offerings, because I found none of them satisfactory.A number of occupations on the rise are lawyers, computer analysts and psychologists.He has much experience as an engineer.Ray's been in the hairstyling business for 20 years sincehe graduated.We were surprised at the news that Paul was married to Lucy. They must be sleeping because the lights are out.三、Choose A, B or C to complete each conversation.—Why don't you come with us?— I'd love to, but I need to go pick up the kids.—How did you miss your train?— Well, I was caught in the traffic jam.—What do you do in Seattle?— I'm a tour guide in a travel agency.—Are you free this weekend?— I'm not sure yet. Maybe not.—Have you visited Hong Kong?— No, but I've heard it's an exciting city四、ReadingRead the following passages and choose the best answer for each of the following questions.Passage 1How to Present Business CardsBusiness cards are less important in American culture than they are in Asian culture. But knowing the right way to handle business cards is a useful skill wherever you are.Requesting someone's business card is a straightforward（直截了当的、坦率的）process. You need only say: "Do you have a business card?" or "May I have your business card?"When you want to present your own card, you can say, "Here's my card. Feel free to call me if you have any other questions." Or, you might say, "Please send the information to this address. I look forward to hearing from you soon."It's not polite to directly refuse a request from someone for your business card. Instead, you can say, "Sorry, but I'm afraid I'm all out at the moment." or "l forgot to bring them with me."When you do receive a card, say "Thank you" and examine it briefly before putting it away.1.In America, . （ C ）a. one does not use business cardsb. one uses business cards everywherec. one uses business cards but not as often as one does in Asiad. one uses business cards much more often than one does in Asia2.If you know how to handle business cards, you will . （D）a. be absolutely successfulb. get help from othersc. make everybody happyd. find the knowledge helpful3.To politely refuse a request for business cards, you may say the following except . ( A )a. "Sorry, but I can't satisfy you."b. "Sorry, but I'm afraid I’m all out at the moment."c. "I forgot to bring them with me. "d. "Sorry, but I don't have a business card."4.From the passage we can infer that . （D）a. business cards are the key to successb. business cards should be beautifully designedc. you should always carry your business cardsd. handling business cards skillfully is important5.The word “examine” (Line 1, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to .（）a. search forb. testc. look atd. research。
大学英语层次2第二学期练习unit2_end.txt
================================================================================ I.选择题： --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PART1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.HeknewmuchaboutAmericaandwasskillfulinadjustinghisargumentsto the____fashions. A.finalB.limitedC.primitive D.prevailing 2.Ifthereisonerightprizedaboveallothersina____society,itis freedomofspeech. A.feudalB.autocraticC.democratic D.proimitive 3.Themanager____theauthorityofthecompanytohis/herstaff,givingthem taskstocomplete,thiswayofmanagementiscalledconsultativemanagement. A.delegatesB.behalfsC.represents D.insteads 4.Thisgovernmentbelievesverystronglyinthe____ofwomenasthefeminism movementhasachievedgreatprogress. A.enforceB.emphasesC.employment D.empowerment 5.Corporateculturesatadeeperleveldealswith____cultureofan organizationlikeslogans,missionstatements,localandpersonalvalues. A.professionB.publicC.professed D.professional 6.Thesurface____ofcorporatecultureoftenincludesvisiblethingssuchas offices,visiblerewardsandthewayemployeesdressandhowtheyinteract. yerB.lineC.degree D.reach 7.Corporatecultureisnotnecessarilytangible;insteadinmostcasesitis ____,evenforthepeopleintheorganization. A.envisionB.invisualC.virtual D.invisible 8.It'ssimply____topromoteandadvertisesuchadangerousproduct. A.unethicalB.ethnicalC.nonmoral D.unproper 9.Thethingtorememberabout____isthatthepersonbeingcheateddoesnot knowit. A.receptionB.descriptionC.inspection
新编英语教程第二册单元练习Unit1-4
1. He dropped in the middle of the race due to hasty training. 2. The two runners were good enough to qualify the Games. 3. I was so happy that I could hardly back my tears. 4. I am so grateful you for clearing this up. 5. I was about to leave a customer came in. 1. The first Olympic games were held Greece ancient times. ou must keep it mind that the gerund must not be confused the present participle. 3. They were so short funds that they were forced to live a near-starvation diet. 4. She was tears as she told the story what had happened. 5. Several friends dropped during the day, but only a few stayed dinner. oung people and older people do not always 1 _. They sometimes have 2_ ideas about living, working, ork State, 3_ and teenagers live together 4_ peace. 5_ eight weeks 6_ Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together work group. Everyone 7_ several hours each day. The 8_ 10_ and enjoyment in 9_ . Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the village, 1. In the U.S., families are becoming . 3. Hard housework was taken away by . 5. The passage implies that the author Ⅵ. Rewrite the following sentences as instructed: 1. A patriotic general did not donate enough money to finance the trip for the two runners until the last minute. (use“It was not until …that …”) 2. While we were discussing the question, the professor came in. (use“when”) 3. Although it is played in no other country in the world, it excites tremendous enthusiasm. (use“In spite of”) Ⅶ. T ranslate the following sentences into English: 1. 我发现这家工厂没有任何质量控制。
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Chapter Two (单元练习)一、选择( )1. Whether we’ll go for a picnic _______the weather.A. lies onB. is depended onC. rely on D depends on ( )2.. ---Jim, it’s good ____you to do sports every day.----OK, I see. It’s good ____you to te ll me such good advice.A. of, forB. of, ofC. for, forD. for, of( )3.( )4.( )5.----Jim has done a good job. ----_____________________.A. So does he and so you do.B. So has he and so you have.C. So has he and so have you.D. So he has and so have you.( )6.( )7. Set the hairdryer ____ a low temperature, ___ it will dry out your hair.A. on, soB. on, orC. at, soD. at, or( )8.--- I have a bad toothache these days.---Sorry to hear that ! you’d better make an ________ with the dentist.A. appointmentB. advertisementC. agreementD. advice( )9.( ) 10. It is _____ of you not to believe what he said. You know he often tells lies.A. wiseB. kindC. importantD. silly( ) 11.( ) 12.---Can you advise me to have a good hairstyle ?--- Certainly. We _____that the hairstyle will make you feel on top of the world .A adviseB persuadeC promiseD recommend( )13.( ) 14.( ) 15.----Could you tell me___? I’m going to visit him .---- Sorry , I don’t know .A.which school does Peter work atB. which school did Peter work atC. which school Peter works atD. which school Peter worked at16 The problem is _____________________.A. too easy for her to work it outB. so difficult that she can’t work outC. difficult enough that she can work it outD. easy enough for her to work out——Excuse me, Sir. Could you help me to look ________ my child? I can’t find him anywhere in the shop.——Ok. What does he look ________? （2006年深圳中考题）A. after; likeB. for: likeC. like; aroundD. like; out——What ________ news it was! （2006年深圳中考题）——Yes, all of the children were ________.A. excited; excitingB. exciting; recitedC. exciting; excitingD. excited; excited——Traveling by plane is ________ than traveling by train. （2006年深圳中考题）——Yes, but it is not so ________ as traveling by train.A. quickly; cheaperB. more quick; cheaplyC. quick; more cheapD. quicker; cheap——Mum, I think I’m ________ to get back to school. （2006年深圳中考题）——Not really, my dear. You’d better ________ at home for another day or two.A. so well; stayB. so good; to stayC. well enough, stayD. good enough, to stayYou don’t write ________ before. You must write ________.A. as carefully as; more carefulB. carefully, carefulC. as carefully as, more carefullyD. more carefully, careful ——Hi, David! Do you think you can learn English well? （2004年深圳中考题）——I think I can. But it’s ________ of all the subjects.A. difficultB. more difficult D. most difficult D. the most difficult15. ——Our class team lost the school football match. （2004年深圳中考题）——We felt very sad. But David looked quite ________.A. happilyB. sadlyC. happyD. sad ——How well did you do in the maths exam? （2006年广州中考题）——Better than before. I think it was ________ difficult than the last one.A. moreB. lessC. muchD. very17. ——This b ox is ________ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?——Certainly. （2006年武汉中考题）A. soB. muchC. veryD. too18. ——What do you think of his speech? （2006年武汉中考题）——Oh, wonderful. But his voice sounds really ________when he first started speaking.A. aloudB. worriedC. nervousD. quietTom is not so careful as Jack.四、补全对话（一）从7个单词选5个完成对话( A. among B. between C. win D. one E. term F. team G. Good ) L: It’s Sunday tomorrow . What are you going to do ?W: Oh, I’m going to watc h a football match . It’s 1 Korea and China .L: Wonderful ! I really hope we’ll 2 this time . At what time is it going to begin ?W: At 3 o’clock in the afternoon . I have two tickets here . I can let you have 3 L: Thanks , but I can’ t go with you . We are going to have a basketball match tomorrow afternoon .W: What a pity ! Whom are you going to play against ?L: A 4 from No. 2 Middle School .W: 5 luck to you and your team !L: Thank you . see you later .（二）从7个句子选5个完全对话A.Is there anything I can do for you?B.What’s the matter, Alice?C.I hope that your mother gets well soon.D.How long will you be away?E.But you must write a written request.F.Don’t worry about your lessons.G.But I hope you’ll not be late for work.A: Excuse me, Mr. Green,B: ____6_____.A: My mother is ill. I have to take care of her.B: Oh, dear! I am sorry to hear that.____7____A: No, thank you. My mother has a high fever and coughs day and night. Thedoctor says she has to be in hospital. I have to be with her.B: I understand. ___8___A: I hope to be back next Wednesday.B: That’s all right.___9___A: Thank you, Mr. Green, I’ll write it immediately.B: ___10___. I’ll certainly help you with them when you get back.三、解释句子AWhen you turn on the TV, you can watch advertisements. Some of them can tell people what is the best and cheapest. But some of them about children areopposite.Many advertisements of eating and drinking tell children to imitate（模仿）what the children do on TV. So they don’t like to eat healthy foods like rice andvegetables. These foods are very important for their growth.Some doctors say to parents that letting their children drink too much Coke Cola and soft drinks is not helpful. And some of these drinks are expensive.A famous advertisement asks, “Did you drink it today?” That child’s voice makeschildren drink “it”. But is it really helpful to their health?We all say children are the future of our country. What should we do for our children?31. Which kind of food is important to children?A. Coke Cola.B. Soft drinksC. Delicious food.D. Rice andvegetables.32. Many advertisements tell children to eat _________.A. helpful foods as possible as they can.B. what they see on TVadvertisementsC. what they need for growthD. all kinds of good foods33. The sentence “Did you drink it today?” on an advertisement asks _______.A. children to drink “it” ev ery day.B. children to answer a questionC. children to drink waterD. children to keep health34. Which of the following is TRUE?A. All the advertisements are helpful.B. Not all the advertisements are good for children.C. We must do what advertisements tell toD. We can’t watch TV advertisements.35. What is the main idea of this text?A. Watch advertisements.B. All advertisements are very good.C. Many advertisements of eating and drinking tell children to imitate（模仿）what the children do on TV.D.Childred like Coke Cola and soft drinks.BLi Zhi is policeman in Shenzhen. He likes to help others. One day, an old lady comes to the police station. She looks quite sad.“What can I do for you, madam?” Li Zhi asks.“Oh, my dear. You must help me, sir. I’m looking for my dog Lucky,” says the old lady.’ It’s lost. I can’t live without it.”“Oh. I’m sorry to hear that, madam,” says Li Zhi,” but I think you must put on an advertisement in the newspaper.”“ It’s useless（无用的）,” says the lady.“Why?” Li Zhi asks“Because my dear Lucky can’t read at all!”36. Li Zhi is a ___ in Shenzhen.A. firemanB. policemanC. postmanD. doctor37. The old lady looks ____ when she comes to the police station.A. unhappyB. happyC. sickD. healthy38 What’s wrong with the old lady’s dog?A. It’s sickB. It’s deadC. It’s lostD. It’s fine39. What does the word “advertisement” mean in Chinese?A 文章 B. 警告 C. 标语 D. 广告40. The old lady doesn’t want to put on an advertisement in the newspaper because ___ . A. she knows her dog is already dead B. she doesn’t love her dogC. she thinks her dog can’t readD. she doesn’t have enough moneBHere is a menu for a fast food restaurant. The prices are in American money, called dollars and cents. There are 100 cents in a dollar.sm allLargesmall largeMain meals DrinksHamburger 1.82.3Coca Cola 0.80 1.00Hamburger with cheese2.02.5Orangejuice0.90 1.20Chicken burger1.92.4Tea 0.70 0.90Vegetable burger1.82.3Coffee 0.80 1.00Side dishes SweetsFries 0.91.1Ice creamor Chocolate1.20 1.60Salad 1.01.2Apple pie(hot)0.70 /Chicken wings1.31.6Donuts orJam0.50 /56. From the menu, how much does a small hamburger cost?A. One hundred and eighty dollars.B. Two dollars and thirty cents.C. Eighty cents.D. One dollar and eighty cents.57. If you have only three dollars, what can you buy?A. A large salad and a large ice cream.B. A large chicken burger and a small cup of tea.C. A small vegetable burger and a large chocolate.D. An apple pie and large hamburger with cheese.58. Jam is a kind of ________.A. main mealB. side dishC. sweetD. drink59. Which is not sold in this restaurant?A. Coffee.B. Fries.C. Hamburger.D. Wine.60. A thirsty boy will probably ask for ________.A. coca colaB. donutsC. friesD. a chicken burgerDWhen you want to know more about someone, you often ask “What do you do?”This means “What is your job?” It is a common question, and we do not think there is anything strange about it. But it is possible that in the future we will ask a different question. We might ask, “What do you play?”Computers and such things are making jobs more automatic and less demanding (依赖). Scientists tell us that one day very few people will have to work. Our society will be run by computers. And so we will all have a great deal of free time. And then games will be more important than jobs.Today games and play are a very important part of life. Today people are divided into social classes （社会阶层）because of the type of work they do. Tomorrow they may be divided because of the types of games they play.In the future, we may have “fun specialists,” just as we now have specialists in different types of work. It would be their job to show us how to get the most fun and enjoyment out of our spare time. And our society (社会) may be made up of sub-groups, such as surfers, skydivers, joggers, skiers, etc… Many of these subgroups may depend on technology (科技) to provide (提供)the equipment (设备)for their games.66. A common question we ask a stranger is ________.A. “What do you play?”B. “What do you do?”C. “What is your name?”D. “Where do you live?”67. Jobs now are less demanding because ________.A. we have many specialists who can do most of the jobsB. we have more and more working peopleC. we have computers and such things to help usD. our society is divided into sub-groups68. “Fun specialists” refer to (指的是) ________.A. a few people who still have to workB. sub-groups of societyC. people who would provide equipment for gamesD. people who would show us how to play well69. Future society may be made up of sub-groups according to what people ________.A. playB. doC. needD. have70. The best title for this passage is ________.A. Fun SpecialistsB. Future SocietyC. How to Divide SocietyD. Computer and Men四、作文1、头发是我们外表很重要的一部分，我们该如何做才能好好护理我们的头发呢？作为学生，我们应该有健康的生活习惯和合适的发型，这样才不会影响我们的学习。