Transport Properties of Alkali Fluoride High Temperature Ionic Liquids and Application of
冶金词汇英语翻译
冶金词汇英语翻译(A-G)1 2 3 4 mill 二十辊轧机1 2 3 mill 十二辊轧机1 2 mill 六辊式轧机abichite 砷铜矿abnormal steel 反常钢abnormal structure 反常结构abnormality of steel 钢的反常性abradability 磨损性abradant 研磨剂abrading 研磨修整abraser 研磨剂abrasion 磨耗abrasion marks 研磨斑痕abrasion test 磨耗试验abrasion tester 磨耗试验机abrasion testing machine 磨耗试验机abrasive 研磨剂abrasive belt 磨光砂带abrasive cloth 砂布abrasive cutting off machine 砂轮切断机abrasive dust 磨屑abrasive grain 磨粒abrasive hardness 耐磨硬度abrasive paste 研磨膏abrasive powder 研磨粉abrasive wear 磨蚀abscess 气孔absolute error 绝对误差absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute zero 绝对零度absorbability 吸收性absorbed energy 吸收能量absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收体absorbing column 吸收塔absorbing medium 吸收介质absorbite 活性碳absorption 吸收absorption capacity 吸收能力absorption chromatography 吸收色谱法absorption edge 吸收端absorption extraction 吸收萃取absorption limit 吸收端absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorption tower 吸收塔absorptive power 吸收能力absorptivity 吸收性ac arc welder 交羚弧焊机ac arc welding 交羚弧焊ac electrode 交粮条acanthite 硫银矿accelerated cooling 加速冷却accelerated creep 加速蠕变accelerated diffusion 加速扩散accelerated leaching 加速浸出accelerated rolling 加速轧制acceptance inspection 接收检查acceptance test 验收试验accidental error 偶然误差accompanying element 伴生元素accretion 炉结accumulator 蓄电池;贮料塔accumulator metal 极板用合金accuracy 准确度accuracy of reproduction 再现精度acetate 醋酸盐acetic acid 醋酸acetylene 乙炔acetylene burner 乙炔燃烧器acetylene cutting 氧乙炔焰切割acetylene cutting torch 乙炔截割吹管acetylene cylinder 乙炔瓶acetylene generator 乙炔发生器acetylene welding 氧乙炔焊acheson furnace 艾奇逊电炉acicular cast iron 针状结构铸铁acicular crystal 针状结晶acicular ferrite 针状铁素体acicular iron ore 针铁矿acicular martensite 针状马氏体acicular powder 针状粉末acicular structure 针状结构acid 酸acid bath 酸浴acid bessemer converter 酸性转炉acid bessemer process 酸性转炉炼钢法acid bessemer steel 酸性转炉钢acid bottom 酸性炉底acid brick 酸性砖acid brittleness 酸洗脆性acid bronze 耐酸青铜acid corrosion 酸腐蚀acid electric furnace 酸性电炉acid electrolyte 酸性电解液acid embrittlement 酸洗脆性acid extraction 酸性萃取acid furnace 酸性炉acid hearth 酸性炉底acid leaching 酸性浸出acid lined furnace 酸性炉acid lining 酸性内衬acid medium 酸性介质acid open hearth furnace 酸性平炉acid open hearth process 酸性平炉法acid open hearth steel 酸性平炉钢acid oxide 酸性氧化物acid process 酸性法acid pump 酸泵acid refractory 酸性耐火材料acid resistance 耐酸性acid resistant steel 耐酸钢acid resisting cast iron 耐酸铸铁acid resisting casting 耐酸铸件acid resisting steel 耐酸钢acid slag 酸性渣acid solution 酸性溶液acid steel 酸性钢acid tank 酸性槽acidity 酸度acidproof alloy 耐酸合金acidproof brick 耐酸砖acidproof cast iron 耐酸铸铁acidproof casting 耐酸铸件acidulated bath 酸性化槽acierage 表面钢化acoustic absorbing material 吸音材料acoustic diagnosis 音响诊断acoustic emission 声发射acoustic fatigue 声波振动疲劳acoustic inspection 音响检查actinium 锕actinouranium 锕铀activated alumina 活性氧化铝activated carbon 活性碳activated chlorine 活性氯activated sintering 活化烧结activation 活化activation analysis 活化分析activation energy 活化能activation volume 活化容积activator 活化剂active material 放射性物质active mixer 预炼混铁炉active power 有效功率active solvent 活性溶剂active surface 活性表面activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数activity factor 活度系数activity probe 活度探示器actual load 有效负载actual solution 实际溶液actual stress 实际应力actual throat 实际角焊缝厚度adamite 水砷锌矿adamite roll 阿达迈特高碳铬镍耐磨铸铁轧辊adaptive mill control 轧机自适应控制addition 添加addition agent 添加剂addition compound 加成化合物addition element 加合金元素addition reaction 加成反应additive 添加剂additive deformation 附加变形additive efficient deformation rate 有效附加变形率additive property 加和性additivity rule 加成定则adherence 附着adherent slag 附着渣adhesion 附着adhesion force 附着力adhesion heat 粘附热adhesion test 附着力试验adhesive capacity 粘着能力adhesive force 附着力adiabatic calorimeter 绝热量热器adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adiabatic demagnetization 断热去磁adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabatic exponent 绝热指数adiabatic process 绝热过程adjustable end stop 升降挡板adjustable mold 可担adjusting 蝶adjusting screw 第螺钉adjustment 蝶admiralty brass 海军黄铜admiralty gun metal 海军炮铜admissible concentration 容许浓度admissible error 容许误差admissible stress 容许应力admixture heat 混合热adobe 风干砖adsorbability 可吸附性adsorbate 吸附物adsorbent 吸附剂adsorbing power 吸附能力adsorption 吸附adsorption chromatography 吸附色层法adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线adsorption overvoltage 吸附过电压adsorption surface area 吸附表面积adular 冰长石advance 艾德万斯康铜aeration 充气aeration corrosion 充气腐蚀aeration tank 充气槽aerosol 气溶胶aerospace material 宇航材料aerospace structural metal 宇航结构金属affinage 精炼affinity 亲和力afterblow 后吹aftercontraction 附加收缩aftercooler 后冷却器aftereffect 后效afterflow 残余塑性变形aftertreatment 后处理agate 玛瑙agc 自动厚度控制age hardening 时效硬化age hardening alloy 时效硬化合金aged steel 时效钢agent 试剂agglomerant 粘结剂agglomerate 烧结矿agglomerated cake 烧结块agglomerated charge 烧结料agglomerating machine 烧结机agglomerating plant 烧结装置agglomeration 烧结agglomeration roasting 烧结焙烧agglutination 凝集aggregate 集合体aggregation 聚集aggression 侵蚀aggressiveness 侵蚀性aging 时效aging crack 时效裂纹aging oven 时效炉aging resistance 抗时效性aging stability 时效稳定性aging steel 时效钢agitating vane 搅拌叶片agitation 搅拌agitation leach 搅拌浸出agitator 搅拌机agitator tank 搅拌槽air acetylene welding 空气乙炔焊接air arc cutting 电弧气割air bath 空气浴air blast quenching 气零火air blast temperature 鼓风温度air box 风箱air brick 不烧砖air bubble 空气泡air chamber 空气室air classification 风选air cleaner 空气净化器air compressor 空气压缩机air conditioning 空气第air conduit 空气导管air conveying 气龄送air cooled condenser 空气冷凝器air cooler 空气冷却器air cooling 空气冷却air damper 风挡air distillation 常压蒸馏air exhauster 排气机air filter 空气过滤器air fuel mixture 空气燃料混合物air furnace 反射炉air gate 出气口air hammer 空气锤air hardening 空气淬火air hardening steel 空气硬化钢air hose 通风软管air inlet 进气口air jacket 空气套air manometer 空气压力计air mortar 气硬砂浆air oxidation 空气氧化air patenting 空气铅淬火air permeability 透气性air pipe 风管air port 空气喷口air preheater 空气预热器air pressure 空气压力air pump 空气泵;活塞泵air purification 空气净化air quenching 空气淬火air rammer 风动掉棒air regenerator 空气蓄热室air reservoir 储气罐air separation 气力分离air separator 气力分离器air test 气密试验air uptake 空气上升道air valve 空气阀airbond 自硬粘结剂airing 空气干燥;通风airtight joint 气密接头aisle 工段ajax northrup furnace 阿杰克斯诺斯拉普炉albion metal 阿尔比饵锡铅箔albite 钠长石albronze 铝青铜alchemy 炼金术alclad 阿尔克拉德包铝硬铝板;高强度铝合金alcohol 醇aldrey 阿尔德雷导线用铝合金alfenide 阿里费尼德锌白铜aligned composite material 取向复合材料aligned eutectic 取向共晶aligned structure 取向结构alignment 定心aliquation 偏析;层化alitizing 渗铝alkali 碱alkali battery 碱性蓄电池alkali metal 碱金属alkali reaction 碱性反应alkali resistance 耐碱性alkali salt 碱金属盐alkali solution 碱性液alkaline bath 碱浴alkaline earth metal 碱土金属alkaline electrolyte 碱性电解液alkaline fusion 碱熔alkaline leaching 碱性浸出alkalinity 碱度allemontite 砷锑矿alligator effect 鳄皮效应alligator shears 杠杆式剪断机alligatoring 鳄嘴裂口allomerism 异质同晶allomorphism 同质异晶allomorphy 同质异晶allopalladium 硒钯矿allotropic modification 同素变态allotropic transformation 同素异形变态allotropy 同素异形体allowable error 容许误差allowable load 容许负荷allowable pressure 容许压力allowable stress 容许应力allowable variation 容许偏差alloy 合金alloy addition 合金添加alloy hardening 合金硬化alloy pig iron 合金生铁alloy plating 合金镀覆alloy steel 合金钢alloy steel castings 合金钢铸件alloy system 合金系alloy tool steel 合金工具钢alloyage 合金化alloyed iron 合金铸铁alloyed scrap 合金废料alloying 合金化alloying constituent 合金成分alloying element 合金元素alloying metal 合金金属alloying power 合金化能力alluvial gold 砂金alni 阿尔尼alnico 阿尔尼科合金alpaca 阿尔帕克锌白铜alpakka 阿尔帕克锌白铜alpax 阿尔帕克斯铝硅合金alpha brass 黄铜alpha bronze 青铜alpha decay 衰变alpha disintegration 衰变alpha iron 铁alpha particle 粒子alpha rays 射线alpha region 相区域alpha solid solution 固溶体alphatizing 气化渗铬法alsifer 阿尔违尔硅铝铁合金altaite 碲铅矿alternate lay wire rope 混合捻钢丝绳alternate steel 代用钢alternate stress 交变应力alternating bending test 反复弯曲试验alternating current arc welder 交羚弧焊机alternating current arc welding 交羚弧焊alternating current arc welding machine 交羚弧焊机alternating load 应变载荷alternating stress amplitude 交变应力振幅aludel 梨坛aludur 阿鲁杜合金alum 茂alumel 阿卢梅镍铝合金alumina 氧化铝alumina brick 高铝砖aluminate 铝酸盐aluminate inclusion 铝酸盐夹杂物aluminic acid 铝酸aluminium castings 铝铸件aluminized coat 铝镀覆层aluminized screen 铝化荧光屏aluminizing 渗铝aluminosilicate 铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate refractory 硅酸铝耐火材料aluminothermic process 铝热法aluminothermic reduction 铝热还原aluminothermic welding 铝热焊aluminothermics 铝热法aluminothermy 铝热法aluminum 铝aluminum alloy 铝合金aluminum base alloy 铝基合金aluminum brass 铝黄铜aluminum bronze 铝青铜aluminum chloride 氯化铝aluminum copper alloy 铝铜合金aluminum fluoride 氟化铝aluminum foil 铝箔aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum iron alloy 铝铁合金aluminum leaf 铝箔aluminum magnesium alloy 铝镁合金aluminum nickel alloy 铝镍合金aluminum nitrate 硝酸铝aluminum nitride 氮化铝aluminum ore 铝矿aluminum oxide 氧化铝aluminum plating 镀铝aluminum powder 铝粉aluminum silicate 硅酸铝aluminum silicon alloy 铝硅合金aluminum solder 铝焊料aluminum wire 铝线alundum 人造刚玉alunite 茂石alunogen 毛矾石amalgam 汞齐amalgam process 混汞法amalgam test 汞齐试验amalgamated metal 混汞金属amalgamating bath 混汞化槽amalgamation 混汞amalgamator 混汞器ambient air 周围空气ambient temperature 周围温度amblygonite 磷铝石americium 镅amianthus 白丝状石棉ammonia 氨ammonia alum 铵铝矾ammonia leaching 氨浸出ammonia nitriding 氨氮化ammonia water 氨水ammonium 铵ammonium alum 铵铝矾ammonium chloride 氯化铵ammonium fluoride 氟化铵ammonium molybdate 钼酸铵ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammonium oxalate 草酸铵ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵amorphism 非晶性amorphous alloy 非晶质合金amorphous body 非晶体amorphous carbon 无定形碳amorphous film 非晶体膜amorphous metal 非晶体金属amorphous phase 非晶形相amorphous state 非晶质状态amorphous substance 无定形物质amount of contraction 收缩量amount of shrinkage 收缩量ampangabeite 铌钛铁铀矿amperometric titration 电廖定amperometry 电廖定amphion 两性离子ampholyte 两性电解质amphoteric compound 两性化合物amphoteric electrolyte 两性电解质amphoteric element 两性元素amphoteric ion 两性离子amphoteric oxide 两性氧化物amphoterism 两性amplitude 振幅amplitude of oscillation 振荡振幅anaconda process 安那康达法analog computer 模拟计算机analysis 分析analytical balance 分析天平analytical chemistry 分析化学analytical sample 分析试样analyzer 分析器anatase 锐钛矿anatomical alloy 骨科用易熔合金anelastic behavior 滞弹行为anelasticity 滞弹性angle 角钢angle butt weld 斜口对接焊缝angle of bite 轧入角angle of lag 滞后角angle of lead 超前角angle of neutral plane 中性角angle of nip 咬入角angle of nonslip point 中性角angle of repose 休止角angle of rest 休止角angle pass 角钢孔型angle section 角钢angle steel 角钢anglesite 硫酸铅矿angular carbide 角形碳化物angular powder 角状粉angular velocity 角速度anhydride 酐anhydrite 硬石膏animal charcoal 动物煤anion 阴离子anion catalyst 阴离子催化剂anion exchange 阴离子交换anion exchange resin 阴离子交换尸anion exchanger 阴离子交换剂anionite 阴离子交换剂anionite membrane 阴离子交换膜anisotropic material 蛤异性材料anisotropy 蛤异性annabergite 镍华annealed powder 退火粉annealed steel 退火钢annealing 退火annealing box 退火箱annealing cycle 退火周期annealing furnace 退火炉annealing of defects 缺陷退火annealing oven 退火炉annealing pot 退火箱annealing temperature 退火温度annealing twin 退火孪晶annerodite 铌钇铀矿annular furnace 环式窑annular kiln 环式窑anode 阳极anode alloy 阳极合金anode casting 阳极铸造anode chamber 阳极室anode compartment 阳极室anode copper 阳极铜anode drop 阳极降anode effect 阳极效应anode efficiency 阳极电璃率anode fall 阳极降anode furnace 阳极炉anode mud 阳极泥anode nickel 阳极镍anode pickling 阳极酸洗anode process 阳极法anode rays 阳极射线anode remnants 残阳极anode scrap 残阳极anode slime 阳极泥anode sludge 阳极泥anode voltage 阳极电压anodic brightening 阳极抛光anodic coating 阳极镀层anodic corrosion 阳极腐蚀anodic current 阳极电流anodic current density 阳极电淋度anodic current efficiency 阳极电璃率anodic dissolution 阳极溶解anodic overvoltage 阳极过电压anodic oxidation 阳极氧化anodic polarization 阳极极化anodic process 阳极法anodic protection 阳极保护anodic reaction 阳极反应anodic treatment 阳极处理anodizing 阳极处理anolyte 阳极电解液anomalous slip 反常滑移anorthic system 三斜晶系anorthite 钙长石anorthoclase 钠斜微长石anthracite 无烟煤anthracitic coal 无烟煤anticarburizer 渗碳防止剂anticathode 反阴极anticorodal 耐蚀铝合金anticorrodant 防腐剂anticorrosive agent 防腐剂anticorrosive paint 防腐涂料antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性antifoaming agent 防沫剂antifriction alloy 减磨合金antifriction bearing 抗摩轴承antifriction material 减摩材料antifriction metal 减磨合金antimonate 锑酸盐antimonial lead 锑铅antimonic acid 锑酸antimonic anhydride 锑酸酐antimonide 锑化物antimonite 辉锑矿antimonous acid 亚锑酸antimony 锑antimony bronze 锑青铜antimony glance 辉锑矿antimony sulfide 硫化锑antimony white 锑白antioxidant 反氧化剂antiphase domain 反相畴antiphase domain boundary 反相畴界antipiping compound 冒口保温剂anvil 铁砧anvil block 砧座aod 氩氧脱碳aod converter aod转炉aod process 氩氧脱碳法apatite 磷灰石aperture 口径apochromat 复消色差透镜apochromatic lens 复消色差透镜apparatus 仪器装置apparent density 表观密度apparent modulus of elasticity 表观弹性系数apparent particle density 颗粒表观密度apparent power 表观功率apparent specific gravity 表观比重apparent viscosity 表观粘度apparent volume 表观体积approach angle 拉模变形锥approach table 输入辊道approximate analysis 近似分析apron conveyor 板式运输机apron feeder 裙板加料机aqua regia 王水aquadag 胶体石墨润滑剂aqueous electrolysis 水溶液电解aqueous leach 水溶液浸出aqueous medium 水介质aqueous solution 水溶液aqueous vapour 水蒸汽ar transformation ar 转变arbitrary analysis 仲裁分析arbor 轴arborescent powder 师状粉arborescent structure 枝晶组织arc 弧arc air gouging 电弧空气气削arc blow 电弧磁偏吹arc blowout 熄弧arc brazing 电弧钎焊arc cutting 电弧切割arc discharge 电弧放电arc drop 电弧压降arc force 电弧力arc furnace 电弧炉arc furnace electrode 电弧炉电极arc gouging 电弧刨削arc heating 电弧加热arc image furnace 反射电弧炉arc length 弧长arc spraying 电弧喷镀arc stabilizer 电弧稳定装置arc start 起弧arc strike 起弧arc welding 电弧焊接arc welding alternator 电弧焊用交立电机arc welding electrode 电弧焊条arc welding generator 弧焊发电机arc welding machine 电弧焊接机arc welding set 电弧焊机组arc welding transformer 电焊变压器arch 拱arch brick 拱砖arcogen 气电焊arcos arc process 阿考斯二氧化碳保护弧焊法ardometer 光测高温计area reduction 断面收缩areometer 比重计argental mercury 银汞argentan 锌白铜argentiferous lead 含银铅argentite 辉银矿argentum 银argon 氩argon arc 氩气保护电弧argon arc welding 氩弧焊argon blowing in ladle 桶吹氩argon oxygen decarburization 氩氧脱碳argon oxygen decarburization converter aod转炉argon oxygen decarburization process 氩氧脱碳法argon rinsing treatment 氩清洗处理argon stirring 吹氩搅拌argyrodite 硫银锗矿arizonite 红钛铁矿arm mixer 桨叶式搅拌机armature wire 钢筋线材armco iron 阿姆克铁armor 装甲钢板armor plate 装甲板armor plate mill 装甲板轧机armor steel 装甲钢armored cast iron 钢筋铸铁arrangement 装置;配置array of dislocations 位错排列arrest point 临界点arsenate 砷酸盐arsenic 砷arsenic acid 砷酸arsenic anhydride 砷酸酐arsenic poisoning 砷中毒arsenical copper 砷铜arsenical nickel 红砷镍arsenical pyrite 砷黄铁矿arsenide 砷化物arsenite 亚砷酸盐arsenolite 砷华arsenopyrite 砷黄铁矿arsenous acid 亚砷酸arsenous anhydride 亚砷酸酐art bronze 艺术青铜art castings 艺术铸件artificial aging 人工时效artificial draught 人工通风artificial gas 人造气体as cast condition 铸态as cast metal 铸态金属as cast structure 铸造组织as rolled state 轧制状态asbestos 石棉asbestos packing 石棉垫料asbestos paper 石棉纸asbestos plate 石棉板asbestos wool 石棉绒asbolane 钴土矿asbolite 钴土矿ascending tube 上升管ascension pipe 上升管asea skf process asea skf 法ash cellar 灰坑ash content 含灰量ash cooling 灰中冷却ash pan 灰盘asparagolite 黄绿磷灰石asparagus stone 黄绿磷灰石asperity 不平度aspirator 吸气器assay 试金;试料assay balance 试金天平assay furnace 试金炉assel elongator 阿塞尔三辊式轧管机assel mill 阿塞尔三辊式轧管机assemblage 装配assembling 装配astatine 砹asterism 星芒atacamite 氯铜矿athermal growth 绝热生长athermal nucleation 非热成核athermal solution 非热溶液athermal transformation 非热转变atmophile element 亲气元素atmosphere 大气atmospheric corrosion 大气腐蚀atmospheric pressure 大气压力atmospheric rusting 大气锈蚀atom 原子atom fraction 原子分数atom magnetic moment 原子磁矩atomic absorption spectrometry 原子吸收光谱学atomic arrangement 原子排列atomic binding 原子键atomic bond 原子键atomic crystal 原子结晶atomic diameter 原子直径atomic displacement 原子位移atomic energy 原子能atomic group 原子团atomic heat 原子热atomic heat capacity 原子热容量atomic hydrogen 原子氢atomic lattice 原子晶格atomic mass 原子质量atomic model 原子模型atomic nucleus 原子核atomic number 原子序数atomic oxygen 原子氧atomic percent 原子百分比atomic pile 原子反应堆atomic plane 原子面atomic power 原子力atomic radius 原子半径atomic ratio 原子比atomic reactor 原子反应堆atomic size 原子大小atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic structure 原子结构atomic volume 原子体积atomic weight 原子量atomic welding 氢原子焊atomization 喷雾atomized powder 喷雾粉atomizer 喷雾器atomizing 喷雾attached test coupon 附铸试棒attack 侵蚀attenuation 衰减attraction 吸引attractive force 引力attrition 磨损attritor grinding 磨碎机粉碎auric chloride 氯化金auric compound 正金化合物auric cyanide 氰化金aurous chloride 氯化亚金aurous compound 亚金化合物aurous cyanide 氰化亚金ausaging 沉淀硬化ausannealing 等温退火ausforming 过冷奥氏体形变热处理ausrolling 过冷奥氏体轧制形变热处理austempering 奥氏体等温淬火austenite 奥氏体austenite former 奥氏体形成元素austenite region 奥氏体区域austenite stabilization 奥氏体稳定化处理austenite structure 奥氏体组织austenitic electrode 奥氏体钢焊条austenitic grain size 奥氏体粒度austenitic iron 奥氏体铸铁austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢austenitic steel 奥氏体钢austenitic transformation 奥氏体转变austenitization 奥氏体化austenitizing 奥氏体化austenitizing temperature 奥氏体化温度austenoferritic steel 奥氏体铁素体钢austenomartensitic steel 奥氏体马氏体钢austrian test 焊缝抗弯试验autocatalysis 自动催化酌autoclave 高压釜autoclave leaching 加压浸出autocrucible melting 自成坩埚熔炼autodiffusion 自扩散autodiffusion coefficient 自扩散系数autogenous ignition 自发着火autoignition 自发着火automatic arc welding 自动电弧焊automatic arc welding machine 自动电焊机automatic control 自动控制automatic gage control 自动厚度控制automatic mill 自动轧机automatic size control 自动尺寸控制automatic spot welding 自动点焊automatic steel 易切钢automatic welding 自动焊接automatic welding machine 自动电焊机automobile body sheet 汽车车身钢板automobile steel 汽车钢automolite 铁锌尖晶石autoradiography 自射线照相法autunite 钙铀云毋auxiliaries 辅助设备auxiliary air 二次空气auxiliary anode 辅助阳极auxiliary electrode 辅助电极auxiliary pump 辅助泵average roll pressure 平均轧制压力average sample 平均试样avional 阿维奥纳尔铝合金avogadrite 氟硼砷石avogadro's number 阿弗加德罗数axial force 轴向力axial porosity 轴芯气孔率axial pressure 轴向压力axial ratio 轴比axial slip 轴向滑移axial stress 轴向应力axial vector 轴矢量axis 轴azeotrope 共沸混合物azeotropic distillation 共沸蒸馏azeotropic mixture 共沸混合物azeotropic solution 共沸溶液azeotropy 共沸azimuthal quantum number 方位量子数azotization 氮化azotizing 氮化azurite 蓝铜矿b h curve 磁化曲线babbit 巴比合金back electromotive force 反电动势back extraction 反萃取back lining 安全衬砖层back pressure 反压力back pull 后拉力back pull drawing 后张力拉伸back pull stress 逆应力back reaction 逆反应back reflection method 背反射法back tension 后拉力back tension drawing 后张力拉伸back titration 回滴定back wall 后壁backfin 压折backfire 回火backflash 回火backhand welding 右焊backing 垫板;轴衬backing sand 填充砂backing strip 衬背带材backpad 挤压垫backstep welding 逐步退焊法backstepping 逐步退焊法backup roll 支承辊backup roll bending 支承辊弯曲backup strip 衬背带材backward extrusion 反挤压backward pass 偶数道次backward slip 后滑backward slip zone 后滑区backward welding 右焊bacterial leaching 细菌浸出bacteriosmelt 细菌冶金baddeleyite 斜锆石baffle plate 挡板bag filter 袋滤器bag filtration 袋过滤baghouse 袋滤室bahnmetal 巴鼎基轴承合金bainite 贝氏体bainite quenching 贝氏体淬火bainite range 贝氏体区域bainite structure 贝氏体组织bainite transformation 贝氏体转变bainitic hardening 贝氏体淬火bainitic steel 贝氏体钢baked anode 焙烧阳极baked core 干燥型心baked permeability 干透气性baked strength 干强度baking 烘干;烧成baking coal 炼焦煤balance 天平balanced housing 平衡装置的机架balanced steel 半脱氧钢balancer 平衡装置balancing device 平衡装置balbach thum process 巴尔巴赫卧式电极银电解精炼法bale 打包baled scrap 打包废金属baling press 打包机baling strip 打包带钢baling wire 打包钢丝ball burnishing 钢球抛光ball clay 黏土ball hardness testing machine 布氏硬度计ball mill 球磨机ball milled powder 球磨粉ball rolling mill 钢球轧机baller 切边卷取机balling machine 切边卷取机ballistic galvanometer 冲混疗band 带band arc welding 带极电弧焊band conveyor 带式运输机band electrode 板状电极band filter 带式过滤器band saw 带锯band spectrum 带光谱band theory 能带理论bandage 带banded structure 条状组织bander 打包机banding 铁条打捆banding machine 打包机bank 堤;冷床banking 封炉bar 棒bar brass 黄铜棒bar drawbench 拔棒机bar drawing 长芯棒拔制bar graph 直方图bar mill 小型轧机bar pointer 压尖机bar section 形材bar steel 条钢bar straightener 型钢矫直机bar strip 薄板坯板料barbed wire 刺钢丝barbotage 起泡barbotage leach 鼓泡浸出bare electrode 裸焊条bare wire welding 裸线弧焊barff process 蒸气发蓝处理barffing 蒸气发蓝处理barite 重晶石barium 钡barium carbonate 碳酸钡barium chloride 氯化钡barium chromate 铬酸钡barium hydroxide 氢氧化钡barium oxide 氧化钡barium sulfate 硫酸钡bark 薄脱碳层barkhausen effect 巴克豪生效应barometric pressure 大气压barrel 辊身barrel converter 卧式吹炉barrel diameter 辊身直径barrel mixer 圆筒混合机barrel plating 转筒滚镀barrel roll 桶形辊barrel type roll piercing mill 带桶形轧辊的穿孔机barren solution 贫液barrier 势垒barrier height 势垒高度baryte 重晶石basal plane 基面basal slip 基面滑移basal tuyere 炉底风嘴base 基;碱;基础;炉底;贫矿base metal 基底金属;贱金属base plate 底板basic bessemer conveter 托马斯转炉basic bessemer process 碱性转炉炼钢法basic bessemer slag 碱性转炉炉渣basic bessemer steel 碱性转炉钢basic bottom 碱性炉底basic brick 碱性砖basic carbonate 碱式碳酸盐basic coating 碱性药皮basic covering 碱性药皮basic electrode 碱性被覆焊条basic flux 碱性熔剂basic furnace 碱性炉basic hearth 碱性炉床basic lead carbonate 碱式碳酸铅basic lining 碱性内补basic open hearth furnace 碱性平炉basic open hearth process 碱性平炉炼钢法basic open hearth steel 碱性平炉钢basic oxide 碱性氧化物basic oxygen furnace 碱性氧气转炉basic oxygen furnace slag 氧气转炉渣basic oxygen process 顶吹氧转炉法basic oxygen steel 氧气吹炼钢basic pig iron 托马斯生铁basic process 碱性法basic refractory 碱性耐火材料basic salt 碱式盐basic slag 碱性渣basic steel 碱性钢basicity 碱度basicity of slag 炉渣碱度basket charging 吊篮装料batch 批batch annealing 分批退火batch distillation 分批蒸馏batch furnace 分批装料炉batch method 分批法batch patenting 分批铅处理batch process 分批法batch sintering 间歇烧结batcher 称量配料器bath 浴bath carburizing 液体渗碳bath cooling 浴冷bath furnace 浴炉bath level 熔池水平bath nitriding 液体氮化bath patenting 铅浴淬火bath sample 浴池试样bath voltage 槽电压baumann printing 包曼试验baumann test 包曼试验bauschinger effect 巴斯青格效应bauxite 铝土矿bauxite brick 铝矾土砖bay 跨间bayer process 拜耳法bayleyite 菱镁铀矿beach marks 贝壳状纹理bead 焊蚕bead bend test 焊缝抗弯试验bead forming 卷边bead trimmer 焊瘤除器beading 成球beaker 烧杯beam 梁beam blank 轧制工字梁用的异形坯beam flange 梁的凸缘beam mill 钢梁轧机beam pass 梁孔型bean ore 豆状铁矿bear punch 手动穿孔机bearing 轴承bearing alloy 轴承合金bearing brass 轴承黄铜bearing bronze 轴承青铜bearing bush 轴承瓦bearing cast iron 减摩轴承铸铁bearing metal 轴承合金bearing modulus 轴承模数bearing steel 轴承钢bearing tube 轴承管becking bar 扩孔锻造用心轴beckmann thermometer 贝克曼温度计bed charge 底料bed coke 底焦bed plate 地脚板beehive oven 蜂房式炼焦炉behavior 行为beilby layer 贝尔倍层bell 料钟;罩bell and hopper arrangement 钟斗装料装置bell bronze 钟用青铜bell furnace 罩式炉bell less top 无种炉顶bell less top charger 无钟装料机bell less type system 无钟装料机bell metal 钟用青铜bell type annealing furnace 钟形退火炉bell type top charger 钟罩式装料机bellows 风箱belly 炉腰belly pipe 直吹管belt conveyor 带式运输机belt drive 皮带传动belt drop hammer 皮带式落锤belt feeder 带式给料机belt furnace 带式炉belt transmission 皮带传动bementite 蜡硅锰矿benardos system 贝纳尔德斯法bench 拉伸机;工专bend 弯曲bend over test 弯曲试验bend test 弯曲试验bending 弯曲bending and unbending test 反复弯曲试验bending jaw 弯曲钳口bending load 弯曲负荷bending machine 弯曲机bending moment 弯曲力矩bending press 压弯机bending radius 弯曲半径bending rigidity 抗弯刚度bending roll 弯曲辊bending rolls 弯板机bending strain 弯曲应变bending strength 抗弯强度bending stress 弯曲应力bending test 弯曲试验beneficiated ore 精矿beneficiation 选矿benitoite 蓝锥矿bentonite 膨润土berthierite 辉铁锑矿beryl 绿柱石beryllate 铍酸盐beryllia 氧化铍beryllite 水硅铍石beryllium 铍beryllium bronze 铍青铜beryllium chloride 氯化铍beryllium copper 铍铜合金beryllium oxide 氧化铍beryllonite 磷钠铍石berzelianite 硒铜矿bessemer copper 转炉铜bessemer pig iron 酸性转炉生铁bessemer process 酸性转炉炼钢法bessemer steel 酸性转炉钢bessemerizing 贝氏炼钢法best process 锭头电渣补注法beta decay 衰变beta disintegration 衰变beta iron 铁beta region 相区域betafite 钛铌铀矿bethanizing 钢丝电镀锌betts process 贝茨粗铅电解精炼法bevel 斜面bevel angle 边缘斜截角bevel cutting 开坡口beveled edge 斜切的边缘beveling 开坡口bewel 浇包柄biaxial crystal 双轴晶体bichromate 重铬酸盐bichromate treatment 重铬酸盐表面处理bichromic acid 重铬酸bicrystal 双晶体bifurcated runner 分叉鳞big end down mold 上小下大锭模big end up mold 上大下小锭模big mill 开毗机billet 薄板坯板料billet centering press 定心压力机billet mill 钩毗机billet scalping unit 畔剥皮装置billet shears 畔剪断机billet storage 畔仓库billet yard 畔仓库billon 毕隆铸币金合金bimetal 双金属bimetal blank 双金属坯bimetal sheet 双金属板bimetal tube 双金属管bimetal wire 双金属线bimetallic fuse 双金属保险丝bimetallic strip 双金属片bimetallic temperature regulator 双金属温度第器bimetallic thermostat 双金属温度第器bin 料箱bin feeder 漏斗给料机binary alloy 二元合金binary compound 二元化合物binary constitutional diagram 二元系状态图binary electrolyte 二元电解质binary eutectic 二元共晶binary system 二元系binder 粘结剂binder metal 粘结金属binder pool 粘结金属池binding agent 粘结剂binding band 捆轧用钢带binding energy 结合能binding enthalpy 键焓binding machine 打包机binding wire 扎线bingham's etching solution 宾厄姆电解腐蚀液binnite 淡铜矿binocular microscope 双目显微镜biological metal 生物金属bipolar system 双极式bisilicate 二硅酸盐bismite 铋华bismuth 铋bismuth chloride 氯化铋bismuth glance 辉铋矿bismuth ocher 铋华bismuthate 铋酸盐bismuthine 辉铋矿bismuthinite 辉铋矿bismutosmaltite 钴砷铋矿石biting 轧辊咬入轧件bitumen 沥青bituminous coal 沥青煤bivariant system 双变系black annealing 黑退火black ash 黑灰black cinder 黑炉渣black copper 黑色铜black fracture 黑色断口black heart malleable iron 黑心可锻铸铁black iron ore 磁铁矿black nickel 黑色镍black oxide finish 氧化发黑处理black plate 黑钢板black sand 旧砂black thermit 黑色铝热剂blackband 菱铁矿blackbody 黑体blackbody radiation 黑体辐射blackbody temperature 黑体温度blacking scab 涂料起皮blacklead 石墨blacksmith 锻工blacksmith tongs 锻工钳blacksmith's anvil 锻砧blackwash 铸模涂料blank 毛坯半制品blank carburizing 假渗碳blank holder 支架blank nitriding 空氮化blank test 空白试验blanking 切料blast 鼓风blast cleaning plant 喷丸清理装置blast connection 鼓风支管blast dehumidification 鼓风减湿blast dehydration 鼓风减湿blast furnace 高炉blast furnace armor 高炉护板blast furnace blast 高炉鼓风blast furnace blower 高炉鼓风机blast furnace blowing engine 高炉鼓风机blast furnace bosh 高炉炉腰blast furnace bottom 高炉炉底blast furnace burden 高炉炉料blast furnace coke 高炉焦炭blast furnace dust 高炉灰blast furnace ferroalloys 高炉铁合金blast furnace gas 高炉煤气blast furnace gun 高炉泥炮blast furnace hearth 高炉炉缸blast furnace ironmaking 高炉炼铁blast furnace lines 高炉内型blast furnace man 高炉工blast furnace mantle 高炉炉身托圈blast furnace plant 高炉车间blast furnace platform 装料台blast furnace process 高炉法blast furnace shaft 高炉炉身blast furnace slag 高炉渣blast furnace slag cement 高炉炉渣水泥blast furnace smelting 鼓凤炉熔炼blast furnace stack 高炉炉身blast furnace top 高炉顶blast humidity 鼓风湿度blast inlet 进风口。
甲基全氟丁基醚——韩
J. Ind. Eng. Chem.,Vol. 13, No. 4, (2007) 537-544Preparation of Methoxy and Ethoxy Nonafluorobutanes Sun-Hee Hwang, Ju-Ryun Kim, Sang Deuk Lee, Hyunjoo Lee, Hoon Sik Kim*, and Honggon Kim†Energy and Environment Technology Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131,Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea*Department of Chemistry, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegy-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, KoreaReceived August 30, 2006; Accepted May 18, 2007Abstr act:Syntheses of methoxynonafluorobutane (C4F9OCH3) and ethoxynonafluorobutane (C4F9OC2H5), which are considered as prospective third generation alternative cleaning agents replacing CFC-113 (CF2ClCFCl2), CH3CCl3, and HCFC-141b (CH3CFCl2), were studied. Heptafluorobutyryl chloride (C3F7COCl) or hepta-fluorobutyryl fluoride (C3F7COF) was firstly reacted with alkali metal fluoride (KF or CsF) in an aprotic polar solvent to produce alkali metal nonafluorobutoxide. It was consecutively converted to C4F9OCH3 and C4F9OC2H5 through the reaction with alkylating agents such as dimethyl sulfate, methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate and di-ethyl sulfate. Identification and characterization of major products were carried out by GC-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 19F-NMR spectroscopies.Keywords:methoxynonafluorobutane, ethoxynonafluorobutane, perfluoroacyl halide, heptafluorobutyryl chlor-ide, heptafluorobutyryl fluoride, nonafluorobutoxideIntroductionChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been widely used for refrigerants, cleaning solvents, foam blowing agents, propellants, and fire extinguishing agents since early twenty centuries because of their excellent physical prop-erties, thermal and chemical stability and harmlessness in contact. However, chlorine (Cl) or bromine (Br) mole-cules in CFCs are recognized to react with ozone, thus destroying the stratospheric ozone layer when CFCs are released to the air and migrate to the stratosphere. Therefore, CFCs are requested to be phased out accord-ing to an international agreement, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Various HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) and HFCs (hydrofl- uorocarbons), so-called the second-generation CFCs, have been proposed for replacing CFCs [1]. However, these are accepted only as interim alternatives because HCFC still contains chlorine and HFC generally has long atmospheric lifetime and high global warming potential.Hydrofluoroether (HFE) containing fluorine atoms in an ether molecule is currently considered as a third-gen-†To whom all correspondence should be addressed.(e-mail: hkim@kist.re.kr)eration CFC, which has zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low atmospheric lifetime, thus low global warming potential (GWP) [2,3]. Among HFEs, mole-cules of C4~C6 are considered as possible candidates for alternative cleaning agents due to their reasonable boil-ing points.Methoxynonafluorobutane (C4F9OCH3) and ethoxyno- nafluorobutane (C4F9OC2H5), which are clear, colorless, and low-odor solvents, have been developed and com-mercialized by 3M Chemicals [4]. Since both have low flammability, relatively low vapor pressure, low heat of vaporization, and low surface tension, they are consid-ered to replace the chlorine-containing cleaning solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, CFC-113 (CF2ClCFCl2), and HCFC-141b (CH3CFCl2). Table 1 compares physical and environmental properties of methoxy- and ethox-ynonafluorobutanes with those of major CFC and CFC alternative cleaning solvents formerly used [5,6]. Because methoxy- and ethoxynonafluorobutanes con-tain perfluoroalkyl (R f) group on one side and alkyl (R) group on the other side of ether linkage, they cannot be synthesized by selective partial fluorination of their hy-drocarbon precursors. Instead, they may be prepared by coupling reactions of two reactants having R f and R, respectively. One is a reaction of acyl halide with a fluo-Sun-Hee Hwang, Ju-Ryun Kim, Sang Deuk Lee, Hyunjoo Lee, Hoon Sik Kim, and Honggon Kim538Table 1. Physical and Environmental Properties of Cleaning Solvents [5,6]Properties ENFB6MNFB6HFC-4310HCFC-225 ca/cb HCFC-141b CFC-1131,1,1-TCE Formular C4F9OC2H5C4F9OCH3C5H2F10C3Cl2HF5C2Cl2H3F C2Cl3F3CH3CCl3 Boiling pt. (o C)78615454324874 Freezing pt. (o C)-138-135-80-131-103-35-39 Liquid density (g/ml)1 1.43 1.52 1.58 1.55 1.23 1.56 1.32 Surface tension (dyne/cm)113.613.614.116.219.317.325.1 Solubility in water (ppm)1< 2012140330210170700 Solubility of water (ppm)19295490310420110170 Vapor pressure (mmHg)1109202226290569331121 Viscosity (cps)10.610.610.670.590.430.680.83 Heat of vaporization (cal/g)230303134.653.33558 Specific heat (cal/g o C)10.290.280.270.240.300.220.25 Flammability3 2.4-12.4none none none7.1-18.6none none ODP40.00.00.00.030.100.800.1GWP5904801300170/5306305000110 Atmospheric lifetime (yrs)0.8 4.117.1 2.5-6.69.485 5.41.@ 25 o C2.@ boiling point3.vol% in air @ 100 o C4.referring to CFC-11 (=1.0)5.GWP-100 year integrated time horizon6.MNFB (methoxy nonafluorobutane), ENFB (ethoxy nonafluorobutane).rinating agent and an alkylating agent. For example, a batch reaction of heptafluorobutyryl fluoride (C3F7COF) with dimethy or diethylsulfate in the presence of KF can produce C4F9OCH3 or C4F9OC2H5 [4]. Another is a re-action of perfluoroalkyl iodide with metal alkoxide. In this work, plausible synthetic reactions and their optimal conditions for the former case were investigated, and proper reaction pathways and reaction conditions were proposed. Identification and characterization of the prod-ucts, C4F9OCH3 and C4F9OC2H5, were also carried out by GC-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 19F-NMR spectroscopies.ExperimentalMaterialsAmong well-known alkylating agents, dimethyl sulfate or methyl triflate (methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate) for C4F9OCH3 and diethyl sulfate for C4F9OC2H5 were se-lected because of their monoalkyl sulfate ion (ROSO3-), an excellent leaving group for enhancing methylation of perfluoroalkoxide [7]. Reacting materials such as hepta-fluorobutyryl chloride (C3F7COCl, 98 %), dimethyl sul-fate ((CH3)2SO4, 99 %), diethyl sulfate ((C2H5)2SO4, 98 %), and methyl triflate (CF3SO3CH3, 96 %) were pur-chased from Aldrich Chemicals. Solvents, dimethylfor-amide (DMF, 99.8 %, Aldrich) and diethyleneglycol di-methylether (diglyme, 99 %, Acros), were used without further purification. Spray-dried KF (99 %, Sigma) and CsF (99 %, Acros) were dried for 12 h at 150 o C in a PyrexⓇ vacuum line just before being used. Heptafluo- robutyryl fluoride (C3F7COF) was prepared from hepta-fluorobutyryl chloride as described in the literature [8,9], and its purity was checked by GC.AnalysisProducts were confirmed by a GC-MS of HP 6890 GC and HP 5973 MSD, and their compositions were ana-lyzed by a Donam 6200 GC equipped with FID under operating conditions shown in Table 2. IR analysis of liq-uid products was conducted with a Galaxy series FT-IR 6030 Infrared spectrometer. Both 1H-NMR and 19F-NMR spectra were obtained from a Varian Unity 300 NMR spectrometer in CDCl3 solvent with (CH3)4Si and CFCl3 as internal references.The product solution was collected after the reaction, and the organic layer was carefully separated. The prod-uct yield was calculated based on the weight of separated organic layer and the peak area ratio of products in the gas chromatogram. The selectivity was calculated from GC peak areas of C4F9OR and C3F7COOR (R = CH3, C2H5).Preparation of C4F9OR (R = CH3, C2H5) with C3F7COCl or C3F7COFHeptafluorobutyryl chloride (C3F7COCl) or heptafluo- robutyryl fluoride (C3F7COF) and alkali metal fluoride (spray-dried KF, CsF) were reacted in an aprotic polarPreparation of Methoxy and Ethoxy Nonafluorobutanes539 Table 2. Operation Conditions of GC and GC-MSCondition GC with FID GC-MSColumnInjector temperature Detector temperature Oven temperature InitialIncrease rateFinalCarrier gas flow HP-1, capillary 50 m180 o C250 o C30 o C, 5 min+10 o C/min150 o C, 2 minHe, 0.8 mL/minPoraplot Q, 2 m200 o C250 o C100 o C, 3 min+10 o C/min200 o C, 5 minHe, 0.8 mL/minsolvent. Consecutive reaction with alkylating agents mi- ght produce corresponding heptafluorobutyryl alkyl ethers. Reactions were carried out in three ways: the one-pot reaction in which all reactants were charged to-gether and simultaneously reacted, the two-step reaction in which reactants were added and reacted step by step at different temperatures, and the two-step reaction with dropping reactants in which reactants were slowly added drop by drop during each step running at different tem- peratures. In the one-pot reaction, spray-dried KF (100 mmol, 5.81 g) or CsF (100 mmol, 15.19 g) was loaded into a cylindrical stainless steel reactor (75 mL) equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, a pressure gauge, and a ther-mocouple under nitrogen condition. The reactor was evacuated for 12 h at 150 o C in order to remove moisture in the alkali metal fluoride. A solvent, DMF or diglyme (25 mL), C3F7COCl (25 mmol, 2.33 g), and an alkylating agent, (CH3)2SO4 (50 mmol, 4.8 mL)or CF3SO3CH3 (50 mmol, 5.8 mL), were added into the reactor through well-dried syringes around 0 o C. N2 gas was charged to make the internal pressure 0.5 bar. Once the reactor was warmed up to a temperature designed, the reactants were stirred and started to react. In the two-step reaction, spray-dried KF or CsF, a solvent (DMF), and C3F7COCl were charged in the same manner. The mixture was re-acted for 3 h at a designed temperature and cooled below 0 o C to stop the reaction temporarily. After an alkylating agent, (CH3)2SO4 or (C2H5)2SO4, was injected, the reactor was warmed up to a designed temperature again and fur-ther reaction was induced by additional stirring for 2 to 5 h. When C3F7COF (25 mmol, 5.40 g) was used instead of C3F7COCl, the first-step reaction last for 2.5 h at a design temperature. In the two-step reaction with dropping, C3F7COCl was added dropwise to the solution containing alkali metal fluoride during the first-step reaction, and an alkylating agent was also added dropwise during the sec-ond-step reaction. Small amount of liquid was sampled periodically, and the progress of reaction was checked by GC and GC-MS. After the reaction was completed, the products were discharged at 50 o C under vacuum and collected in a cold trap in liquid nitrogen. The collected solution was washed with ice-water, and the lower organ-ic layer was separated in a separatory funnel. A colorless solution was obtained by being dried with anhydrous MgSO4 and filtered.Characterization of ProductsProducts were identified by GC-MS, IR, 1H NMR, and 19F NMR. The major products were a group of C4F9OCH3, C3F7COOCH3, CH3Cl, and C3F7COF, or of C4F9OC2H5, C3F7COOC2H5, C2H5Cl, C2H5OOCH, and C3F7COF. Trace amount of CH3F or C2H5F was also found. Ac- cording to the clear boiling point difference, CH3Cl, C2H5Cl, C2H5OOCH, and C3F7COF were easily separable. The major products were characterized by analytical instru-ments as follows.C4F9OCH3 : MW 250.08; bp 60∼61 o C; d = 1.52; IR (gas, cm-1): 2975.5, 2878.09, 1461.0, 1352.4, 1313.5, 1248.7, 1147.0, 1118.4, 1064.9, 990.8, 936.4, 884.1, 740.3; 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ3.72 (3H, s); 19F NMR: δ- 81.68 (3F, t), -89.01 (2F), -126.86 (2F), -127.24 (2F); MS (EI) [m/e (species)] : 249 (C4F9OCH2+), 231 (C4F8OCH3+), 219 (C4F9+), 181 (CF2CF2CF2OCH3+), 169 (CF3CF2CF2+), 150 (CF3CF2CF+), 131 (CF2CF2OCH3+), 119 (CF3CF2+), 100 (CF2CF2+), 81 (CF2OCH3+), 69 (CF3+), 31 (OCH3+), 15 (CH3+).C3F7COOCH3 : MW 228.07; bp 80∼81 o C; d = 1.48; MS (EI) [m/e (species)]: 209 (C3F6COOCH3+), 197 (C3F7CO+), 181 (CF3CF2CF2C+), 169 (CF3CF2CF2+), 150 (CF3CF2CF+), 119 (CF3CF2+), 100 (CF2CF2+), 69 (CF3+), 59 (COOCH3+), 50 (CF2+), 31 (OCH3+), 15 (CH3+).C4F9OC2H5 : MW 264.11; bp 76∼78 o C; d = 1.43; MS (EI) [m/e (species)]: 263 (C4F9OCH2CH2+), 249 (C4F9 OCH2+), 219 (C4F9+), 169 (CF3CF2CF2+), 150 (CF3CF2 CF+), 131 (CF2CF2OCH3+), 119 (CF3CF2+), 100 (CF2 CF2+), 95 (CF2OC2H5+), 69 (CF3+), 29 (CH3CH2+), 15 (CH+3).C3F7COOC2H5 : MW 242.09; bp 95∼97 o C; d = 1.39; MS (EI) [m/e (species)]: 241 (C3F7COOCH2CH2+), 227 (C3F7COOCH2+), 213 (C3F7COO+), 197 (C3F7CO+), 169 (CF3CF2CF2+), 119 (CF3CF2+), 100 (CF2CF2+), 69 (CF3+), 29 (CH3CH2+).Results and DiscussionPreparation of C4F9OCH3 with C3F7COCl in one-pot reactionC4F9OCH3 seems producible from C3F7COCl in the presence of metal fluoride and an alkylating agent in one-pot reaction through one of following examples.C3F7C(=O)Cl + 2 MF + (CH3)2SO4→C4F9OCH3 + MCl + CH3SO4M(1)Sun-Hee Hwang, Ju-Ryun Kim, Sang Deuk Lee, Hyunjoo Lee, Hoon Sik Kim, and Honggon Kim540Figure 1. Product distribution change according to the reaction time in one-pot reaction (The area of CH 3Cl is compared with the total area of C 4 reactants and products).C 3F 7C(=O)Cl + 2 MF + CF 3SO 3CH 3 → C 4F 9OCH 3 +MCl + CF 3SO 3M (2)Liquid samples periodically collected during the reactionshowed that intermediates, such as C 3F 7COF and CH 3Cl, were formed. The reactant, C 3F 7COCl, was fluorinated and almost completely converted to C 3F 7COF within ini-tial 2 h, and the Cl - released by halogen exchange reacted with CH 3+ of an alkylating agent to form CH 3Cl. The main intermediate, C 3F 7COF, was produced in large amount during initial 2 h then remarkably reduced as be-ing converted to the final product, C 4F 9OCH 3. However, C 3F 7COF was not thoroughly converted in a batch re-action even after 20 h. In contrast to C 3F 7COF, the pro-duction of CH 3Cl proceeded for a while then gradually reduced even far after the production of C 4F 9OCH 3 ceased as shown in Figure 1. This proposed that the re-actant acyl chloride, C 3F 7COCl, firstly exchanges the halogen ion with alkali metal fluoride, MF, to form an acyl fluoride, C 3F 7COF. Then the acyl fluoride reacts with another MF to transform into an alkali metal non-afluorobutoxide (C 4F 9O -M +) in an aprotic polar solvent. The C 4F 9O -M + consecutively reacted in situ with the al-kylating agent to produce C 4F 9OCH 3 by electrophilic substitution of CH 3+ to M + on perfluorobutoxide (C 4F 9O -). Meanwhile, some free alkali metal ions seemed to rever-sibly react with an alkylating agent such as dimethyl sul-fate ((CH 3)2SO 4) or methyl triflate (CF 3SO 3CH 3) to form CH 3SO 4M or CF 3SO 3M and released a methyl group (CH 3+) which temporarily combined with free Cl - ex-pelled from the reactant to form CH 3Cl.There were several other by-products detected in trace amount: CH 3F in the effluent gas and methyl ether (CH 3OCH 3) and methyl formate (CH 3OOCH) in the solvent. When an alkylating agent such as dimethyl sul-fate is hydrolyzed, methanol is formed. And this reaction is known to be likely accelerated over 30 o C [10]. The methanol successively reacts with another dimethyl sul-fate or with DMF to produce methyl ether or methyl for-mate, respectively.(CH 3)2SO 4 + 2 H 2O → 2 CH 3OH + H 2SO 4 (3) (CH 3)2SO 4 + CH 3OH → CH 3OCH 3 + CH 3OSO 3H (4) (CH 3)2NC(=O)H + CH 3OH →CH 3OC(=O)H + (CH 3)2NH(5)Formation of the primary by-product, methyl hepta-fluorobutyrate (C 3F 7COOCH 3), could be attributed to the moisture in chemicals. When the reactant C 3F 7COCl con-tacted with moisture, it was likely to be converted to car-boxylic acid, C 3F 7COOH with release of HCl. Or, when the initial intermediate C 3F 7COF contacted with H 2O, it might be readily converted to C 3F 7C(OH)2F, then to C 3F 7COOH by releasing HF, too. The carboxylic acid wo- uld be consecutively converted to an ester C 3F 7COOCH 3 by in situ methylation or acid-catalyzed esterification. Following equations describe possible reactions for gen-erating the primary by-product.(CH 3)2SO 4C 3F 7COX (X=Cl, F) + H 2O → C 3F 7COOH → C 3F 7COOCH 3(6)C 3F 7COOH(CH 3O)2SO 4 + 2 H 2O → 2 CH 3OH + H 2SO 4 → C 3F 7COOCH 3(7) Therefore, in case of high moisture content, C 3F 7COOCH 3 would be remarkably produced, and the solution turned acidic by HCl, HF or H 2SO 4. In addition, HF or HCl pro-duced under high moisture content could hinder the pri-mary forward reaction to C 4F 9OCH 3 by reacting with C 4F 9O -M + to produce MF or MCl and unstable C 4F 9OH which readily turn backward to C 3F 7COF and HF [9]. This reaction was known to proceed well at high temper-ature so that more C 3F 7COOCH 3 was produced at an ele-vated reaction temperature while less C 4F 9OCH 3 was pro- duced. When a chemical-grade KF conventionally cal-cined was used as the alkali metal fluoride, C 3F 7COOCH 3 was primarily produced. Meanwhile, C 4F 9OCH 3 was the main product with spray-dried KF under the same re-action condition. This indicated that the spray-dried KF was less hygroscopic than the former, so that less mois-ture was involved in the reaction. In addition, the spray- dried KF was apt to effectively source nucleophilic fluo-ride because of its smaller particle size and higher sur-face area than the conventionally calcined KF. Effects of temperature, solvent, alkali metal fluoride, and alkylating agent on the one-pot reaction for C 4F 9OCH 3 were examined. On the basis of yield and selectivity of C 4F 9OCH 3 in the entries of 1 to 6 in Table 3, the yield of targeted C 4F 9OCH 3 decreased and the selectivity of by-product, C 3F 7COOCH 3, increased as the reaction tem-Preparation of Methoxy and Ethoxy Nonafluorobutanes541 Table 3. Effect of Reaction Conditions in One-pot Reactions of C4F9OCH3Entry Alkylating agent MF Solvent T (o C)Time (h)Product yield (%)Selectivity (%)C4F9OCH3C3F7COOCH31(CH3)2SO4KF DMF252060928 2(CH3)2SO4KF DMF5020346337 3(CH3)2SO4KF DMF1002095644 4(CH3)2SO4KF diglyme2520466832 5(CH3)2SO4KF diglyme5020244357 6(CH3)2SO4KF diglyme1002043862 7(CH3)2SO4CsF DMF252068937 8CF3SO3CH3KF DMF2520418911T (C)One-pot reaction : C3F7COCl + MF + (CH3)2SO4 C4F9OCH3 + MCl + (CH3)SO4MSolventProduct yield : calculated from the GC peak area percent of targeted C4F9OCH3 based on the reactant-related products and the weight of the separated organic layer.Selectivity : calculated from the GC peak area ratio of C4F9OCH3 and C3F7COOCH3.perature increased regardless of solvent type. Higheryield of C4F9OCH3 at lower reaction temperature was ob-tained possibly because the reaction between C3F7COCland KF proceeded in the liquid phase and moreC3F7COCl could be dissolved in the solvent when thetemperature was much lower than its boiling point, e.g.38∼39 o C at 1 atm. Since the boiling point of the inter-mediate C3F7COF is around 7 o C, it was also dissolvedmore in the liquid phase and produced more C4F9OCH3at lower temperature. This could be confirmed againfrom the cases run at 50 and 100 o C where the initial in-side pressures of the reactor were above 1 and about 2bars, respectively. The pressure gradually decreased asthe reaction proceeded. Higher selectivity of C3F7COOCH3at higher temperature was presumed because the side re-action between H2O and the intermediate, C4F9O-K+, wasaccelerated at higher temperature as mentioned before.It is known that an aprotic polar solvent, such as di-methyl formamide (DMF) or diglyme, can solvate K+ ionfrom the intermediate C4F9O-K+ to enhance the methyl-ation of C4F9O- [11]. For the effect of solvent type, theyield and the selectivity of C4F9OCH3 increased more inDMF than in diglyme (entries of 1 to 3 vs. entries of 4 to6). This emphasized the importance of the selection ofaprotic polar solvent capable of solvating K+ ion.In terms of alkali metal fluoride, the rate of consumingC3F7COCl and the yield of C4F9OCH3 were higher withCsF than with spray-dried KF (entries of 1 and 7). Thisindicated that the formation of intermediate, C4F9O-M+,and the yield of product, C4F9OCH3, seemed to be de-pendent on the degree of alkali metal fluoride dis-sociation in the following equilibrium reaction; R f COF(l)+ MF(s)⇔ R f CF2O-M+(s) (M = K, Rb, Cs; R f = CF3, C2F5,C3F7, etc.). As the metallic ion has higher positive charge density or smaller size, the polarity of the negative ion, R f CF2O-, increases and the salt, R f CF2O-M+, gets easily decomposed backwards to R f COF and MF at the same temperature [9]. In other words, metallic ions in large size tend to enhance the stability of metal perfluoalk-oxide and to induce stable methylation of the salt toward the product, R f CF2OCH3. Therefore, it can be rational-ized that CsF would be a more effective fluorination agent than KF.In terms of alkylating agent, methyl triflate (CF3SO3CH3), known as a representative strong methylating agent, pro-duced lower yield of C4F9OCH3 than (CH3)2SO4 as shown in the entries of 1 and 8. This could be explained by a relatively stronger interaction between methyl tri-flate and DMF, which might lessen the methylating abil-ity of methyl triflate [12,13].Preparation of C4F9OCH3 with C3F7COCl in two-step reactionIn two-step reaction, reactants were added stepwise but different temperatures were applied at each step in order to eliminate possible competitive reactions among re-actants which seemingly happened in the one-pot re-action and to increase the desired product. In other words, the reaction was conducted in two consecutive stages. C3F7COCl was introduced to a solvent containing alkali metal fluoride, KF, and fluorinated to form an in-termediate alkali metal perfluorobutoxide (C4F9O-K+) at a temperature during the first stage. Then an alkylating agent (dimethyl sulfate) was added and reacted with the C4F9O-K+ to produce C4F9OCH3 at another temperature during the second stage as shown in the following equation.① T (o C)② T (o C)C3F7COCl + KF C4F9O-K+C4F9OCH3DMF, stirring, 3 h (CH3)2SO4, stirring, 2 h(8)Sun-Hee Hwang, Ju-Ryun Kim, Sang Deuk Lee, Hyunjoo Lee, Hoon Sik Kim, and Honggon Kim542Table 4. Effect of Reaction Temperatures in Two-step Reactions of C 4F 9OCH 3Entry Alkylating agent MF Solvent T (o C) ①T (o C) ②Product yield (%)Selectivity (%)C 4F 9OCH 3C 3F 7COOCH 39(CH 3)2SO 4KF DMF 252560901010(CH 3)2SO 4KF DMF 255046891111(CH 3)2SO 4KF DMF 2510024623812(CH 3)2SO 4KF DMF 502542811913(CH 3)2SO 4KFDMF5050387723T ①T ②Two-step reaction : C 3F 7COCl + KF C 4F 9O-K4F 9OCH 3DMF, 3 h (CH 3)2SO 4, 2 hProduct yield : calculated from the GC peak area percent of targeted C 4F 9OCH 3 based on the reactant-related products and the weight of theseparated organic layer.Selectivity : calculated from the GC peak area ratio of C 4F 9OCH 3 and C 3F 7COOCH 3.Table 5. Effect of Reaction Temperatures in Two-step Reactions of C 4F 9OCH 3 with Dropwise Slow Addition of ReagentsEntry Alkylating agent MF Solvent T (o C) ①T (o C) ②Product yield (%)Selectivity (%)C 4F 9OCH 3C 3F 7COOCH 314(CH 3)2SO 4KF DMF 25255894615(CH 3)2SO 4KF DMF 255038851516(CH 3)2SO 4KFDMF5070267327C 3F 7COCl ①(CH 3)2SO 4 ② 4F 9O -K 4F 9OCH 3dropping, 0.5 h/mixing, 2.5 hdropping, 2 hAccording to Table 4, higher yield and selectivity of thetargeted product could be obtained at lower temperatures of both the first and the second stages as in the one-pot reactions. However, in comparing the entries of 2 and 13 running at the same temperature of 50 o C, the two-step reaction seemed to boost the overall reaction. In compar-ing the entries of 10, 12, and 13, lower temperature in ei-ther stage induced more production of the targeted product. Furthermore, the lower temperature in the first stage was more efficient in producing the targeted prod-uct and increasing its selectivity than that in the second stage. This indicated that a low temperature of the first stage enhanced the dissolution of C 3F 7COCl or C 3F 7COF in the liquid phase and converted it to more C 4F 9O -K +. However, the intermediate C 4F 9O -K + is known to be un-stable and easily decomposed backward to alkali metal fluoride and corresponding acyl fluoride R f COF to fol-low the equilibrium. In other words, the C 4F 9O -K + is rela-tively stable at below 50 o C but quickly decomposed to acyl fluoride at higher temperature like between 50 and 80 o C [14]. The same observation was confirmed in com-parison of the entries from 9 to 11 and from 12 to 13 where the production of C 4F 9OCH 3 was lowered at high-er temperatures. Even though low temperatures in both stages were preferred for high product yields, a low tem-perature in the first stage, where the intermediate C 4F 9O -K + was formed, was likely a more important keyfactor than that in the second stage, where the alkylation is proceeded.The two-step reaction was conducted in another manner where the reactants were slowly added and mixed drop by drop as described in equation (9).① T (o C)① T (o C)C 3F 74F 9O -K +dropping for 0.5 h2.5 h②T (℃)4F 9OCH 3dropping (CH 3)2SO 4 for 0.5 h, additional stirring for 1.5 h(9)It was expected that slow mixing of reactants in eachstep would induce the enhanced formation of C 4F 9O -K +and the effective methylation by avoiding temperature el-evation resulting from the exothermic reactions. How- ever, there was no remarkable improvement by the slow dropwise addition of reactants as in the comparison of entries 14 and 15 to the entries 9 and 10 in Table 5 at the same temperatures, respectively. Only the temperature effect was confirmed again.Preparation of C 4F 9OC 2H 5 with C 3F 7COClAs C 4F 9OCH 3, C 4F 9OC 2H 5 was produced in the two-step reaction with C 3F 7COCl, KF and diethyl sulfate. (equa- tion (10))Preparation of Methoxy and Ethoxy Nonafluorobutanes 543Table 6. Effect of Reaction Temperatures in Two-step Reactions of C 4F 9OC 2H 5Entry Alkylating agent MF Solvent T (o C) ①T (o C) ②Product yield(%)Selectivity (%)C 4F 9OC 2H 5C 3F 7COOC 2H 517(C 2H 5)2SO 4KF DMF 252569901018(C 2H 5)2SO 4KF DMF 255062861419(C 2H 5)2SO 4KFDMF5070427426T ①T ②Two-step reaction : C 3F 74F 9O-K +C 4F 9OC 2H 5DMF, 3 h(C 2H 5)2SO 4, 5 hTable 7. Effect of Reactant in Two-step Reactions with C 3F 7COFEntry Aalkylating agent MF Solvent T (o C) ①T (o C) ②time (h)Product yield(%)Selectivity (%)C 4F 9OR C 3F 7COOR20(CH 3)2SO 4KF DMF 2525 2.560891121(C 2H 5)2SO 4KFDMF25257648515T ①T ②Two-step reaction : C 3F 74F 9O -K +C 4F 9OCH 3DMF, 3 h(CH 3)2SO 4, 2 h① T (o C)② T (o C)C 3F 74F 9O -KC 4F 9OC 2H 5DMF, stirring, 3 h(C 2H 5)2SO 4, stirring, 5 h(10)Pressure during the reaction was higher than 1 bar and slowly decreased as the reactions for C 4F 9OCH 3, indicat-ing that the major factor causing the pressure might be the intermediates, C 3F 7COF and CH 3Cl. Likely as in the reactions for C 4F 9OCH 3, higher yield and selectivity of the targeted C 4F 9OC 2H 5 could be obtained at lower tem-peratures as shown in Table 6. More C 3F 7COOC 2H 5, the major by-product, was produced at higher reaction tem- perature. There was also trace amount of similar by-prod-ucts such as C 2H 5Cl, C 2H 5OOCH and C 2H 5OC 2H 5.Preparation of C 4F 9OR (R= CH 3, C 2H 5) with C 3F 7COF C 4F 9OCH 3 and C 4F 9OC 2H 5 were produced in the two- step reaction with an intermediate C 3F 7COF instead of C 3F 7COCl.T ① (oC)T ② (oC)C 3F 7 COF + KF C 4F 9O -K+C 4F 9OR3 hR 2SO 4, 2.5 h(11)C 3F 7COF was prepared from a reaction of C 3F 7COCl and KF in a separate reactor and transferred to the main reactor containing KF dispersed in a solvent at about 0o C. Once the temperature of the solvent was set to the temperature where the reaction was to start, the pressure initially higher than 1 bar was slowly reducing during thereaction. The completion of reaction was decided by no more change of C 3F 7COF. The product yields and se-lectivities of entries 20 and 21 in Table 7 were similar to those of entries 9 and 17, respectively. This indicated that the fluorination of C 3F 7COCl with KF to C 3F 7COF proceeded quickly, and the other reactions thereafter mi- ght be the rate controlling steps in producing C 4F 9OCH 3 and C 4F 9OC 2H 5. More by-products, C 3F 7COOCH 3 and C 3F 7COOC 2H 5, with C 3F 7COF than with C 3F 7COCl was possibly due to the moisture introduced during trans-ferring C 3F 7COF into the main reactor.ConclusionsMethoxy and ethoxy nonafluorobutanes, C 4F 9OCH 3 and C 4F 9OC 2H 5, could be prepared by reacting C 3F 7COCl or C 3F 7COF with alkali metal fluoride and alkylating agents having CH 3 and C 2H 5. A serial reaction mechanism is proposed; the formation of alkali metal perfluorobut-oxide, C 4F 9O -M +, is followed by the alkylation ofC 4F 9O -M + bydimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate. Two- step reactions showed noticeable improvement compar-ing to one-pot reactions. However, the reaction temper-ature was the main factor deciding the yield and the se-lectivity of the targeted alkoxynonafluorobutanes. Rev- iewing all results, we concluded that C 4F 9OCH 3 or C 4F 9OC 2H 5 was produced in better yield at lower tem- peratures. Even though reaction rates were likely to in-crease as the temperature increased as usual, high yields of the targeted products were obtained at a temperature as low as or lower than the boiling points of the re-。
特种陶瓷词汇
cubic crystal structure立方晶体结构
cuilet(用于回收利用的)玻璃碎片
cupric oxide氧化铜
cuprous oxide氧化亚铜
curing reaction固化反应，凝固反应
cusp尖顶
cutoff切断，截止
degrade降低，衰变
deleterious有害的，有害杂质
deliberately 慎重地，仔细地，精密地
demarcation划分，划界线
denote表示
departure分离，分开
depth of penetration of the water水
渗入的深度
derive派生
alcohol乙醇，酒精
aldehyde乙醛
algorithm算法，演段
align排列，对齐，调整
Alite阿利特，A矿
alkali-deficient layer缺碱层
alkali(pl．alkalis或alkalies)碱，碱性
calcite 方解石CaC03
calcium sulfate硫酸钙，石膏
calcium carbonate碳酸钙
calcium silicate硅酸钙
calcium钙
calcium sulphate硫酸钙
calcium oxide氧化钙
calcium carbonate碳酸钙
displace排出，把…移开
disposal处理，布置，控制，支配
disrupt断裂，碎裂
dissipate消散，散逸
dissipation消耗，消除，消激
PVDF膜材料表面的耐碱老化研究
南京工业大学本科生毕业论文PVDF膜材料表面的耐碱老化研究摘要聚偏氟乙烯是一种半结晶聚合物，具有较强的疏水性，能流延成膜，易受到有机物，特别是蛋白质的吸附而造成膜污染。
针对膜污染，用较高浓度的NaOH碱液在高温下对膜进行清洗。
但在清洗过程中，我们发现PVDF在碱液下逐渐变黄甚至发黑，PVDF的膜结构被破坏，减短了PVDF膜的使用寿命。
本实验正是基于此，采用改变PVDF表面结晶形态的方法对PVDF进行改性，从而提高其耐碱性。
PVDF常见的晶体结构主要有三种：β、α、γ晶型。
而溶剂和不同温度对膜结晶性能以及各种晶型的产生都有比较宏观的影响。
根据文献及前期摸索，实验主要从以下三方面进行：成膜工艺、结晶形态、表面形貌结构对PVDF膜耐碱性的影响。
我们着重研究了PVDF膜材料在不同亲核试剂（氢氧根、乙胺）进攻下的脱氟降解过程，以及表面结构对此界面层脱氟降解反应的影响。
在相同的侵蚀环境下，PVDF溶剂膜脱氟降解速度和程度要远远高于PVDF熔融膜。
溶剂膜老化速度要快于熔融膜。
含α晶型较多的PVDF膜耐碱老化性能明显要强于含α晶型多的PVDF膜。
表面排布较规整的样品更耐碱老化。
关键词：聚偏氟乙烯耐碱性结晶形态脱氟降解AbstractAlkali resistance of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) filmAbstractPVDF is a semi - crystalline polymer, with strong hydrophobicity, cast film, vulnerable to organic compounds, especially protein adsorption and membrane fouling caused. Membrane fouling, with a high concentration of NaOH alkaline solution under high temperature on membrane cleaning. But in the process of cleaning, we find PVDF lye gradually turn yellow or even black, PVDF membrane structures are destroyed, reduced the use of PVDF membrane life. This experiment is based on this, using the change of surface morphology of PVDF methods to be modified, thereby improving its alkali resistance.But with different solvents and temperature on properties of membrane crystallization and Crystal have a wider impact. According to historical and early exploring, the experiment from the following three main areas : film forming process, Crystal morphology, effect of surface morphology structure on alkali resistance of PVDF membrane.We focus on PVDF membrane material in different nucleophiles hydroxyl, ethylamine defluorination process under attack, and surface structure on the degradation effects of fluorine gas - fluid interface.Under the same erosion environment, solvent PVDF membrane defluorination degradation level of speed and much higher than the melting film of PVDF. Solvent film aging faster than melting film. PVDF membrane containing α Crystal more aging properties of alkali – resistant noticeably stronger than α crystal of PVDF membrane. Alkali resistance of surface layout more structured samples more aging.Key words: poly(vinylidene fluoride); alkali resistance;crystal; defluorination of degradation南京工业大学本科生毕业论文目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第一章文献综述 (1)1.1引言 (1)1.2 PVDF与碱的脱氟反应机理 (2)1.2.1反应原理 (2)1.2.2 PVDF与碱反应的FT-IR表征 (3)1.2.3 PVDF与碱反应的拉曼表征 (4)1.2.4 ESR (5)1.3PVDF晶型结构 (8)1.3.1 α晶型 (8)1.3.2 β晶型 (8)1.3.3 γ晶型 (9)1.4 实验方案与研究方向 (11)第二章实验样品制备部分 (12)2.1 主要原料和仪器 (12)2.1.1实验原料与试剂 (12)2.1.2 实验仪器与设备 (12)2.2 膜制备 (12)2.2.1 熔融铸膜 (12)2.2.2溶剂铸膜 (13)第三章结果讨论 (14)3.1溶剂膜在氢氧根和乙胺进攻下的脱氟降解反应 (14)3.1.1通过ΔL值表征PVDF溶剂膜表面脱氟降解反应程度 (14)3.1.2 FTIR-ATR分析 (16)目录3.2熔融膜在氢氧根和乙胺进攻下的脱氟降解反应 (17)3.2.1通过ΔL值表征熔融膜表面脱氟降解反应程度 (17)3.2.2 FTIR-ATR分析 (18)3.3制备不同表面结构的PVDF材料 (19)3.3.1 XRD分析 (20)3.4不同表面结构PVDF材料的脱氟降解反应 (21)实验结论 (24)参考文献 (25)致谢 (27)南京工业大学本科生毕业论文第一章文献综述1.1引言聚偏氟乙烯是一种半结晶、线型聚合物，玻璃化温度(Tg)为-39o C，结晶熔点(Tc)约等于160o C，热分解温度在316o C [1]以上，聚合度可以达到几十万。
(完整版)无机非金属材料专业英语单词
无机非金属材料专业英语单词abrasive [ ə'breisiv ]n. 磨料a. 磨蚀的，磨损的agate [ 'æɡət ]n. 玛瑙alite [ 'eilait ]n. 硅酸三钙石（C3A）alkali resistance [ 'ælkəlai ri'zistəns]耐碱性，抗碱能力alumina [ ə'lju:minə ]n. 氧化铝amorphous phase [ ə'mɔ:fəs feiz]无定形相，非晶相ampoule [ 'æmpju:l ]n. 小玻璃瓶，筒，安瓿anhydrite [ æn'haidrait ]n. 硬（无水）石膏，CaSO4 anion [ 'ænaiən ]n. 阴离子anisotropic [ æn,aisəu'trɔpik ] a. 各向异性的，非均质的anneal [ ə'ni:l ]n. & v. 退火anomaly [ ə'nɔməli ]n. 反常现象，不规则anorthite [ æ'nɔ:θait ]n. 钙长石CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2 apatite [ 'æpətait ]n. 磷灰石apparent porosity [ ə'pærənt pɔ:'rɔsiti]显气孔率asbestos [ æz'bestɔs ]n. 石棉asphalt [ 'æsfælt ]n. 沥青basicity [ bə'sisəti ]n. 碱度，碱性batch bin [ bætʃ bin]配合料料仓batch feeder [ bætʃ 'fi:də]投料机，加料器bauxite [ 'bɔ:ksait ]n. 矾土，铝矾土belite [ 'bi:lait ]n. 二钙硅酸盐（水泥）binder [ 'baində ]n. 粘胶剂，粘结剂biocompatibility [ 'baiəukəm,pætə'biləti ]n. 生物相容性biological [ ,baiəu'lɔdʒik,-kəl ] a. 生物学的，用生物（如病菌等）对付敌人的bisque firing [ bisk 'faiəriŋ]素烧（初次焙烧）body [ 'bɔdi ]n. 坯体body-centered lattice[ 'bɔdi 'sentəd 'lætis]体心格子borate [ 'bɔ:reit ]n. 硼酸盐borax [ 'bɔ:ræks ]n. 硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2Ocalcine [ 'kælsain ]v. & n. 烧结，烧成calcite [ 'kælsait ]n. 方解石calcium [ 'kælsiəm ]n. 钙capillary [ kə'piləri, 'kæpi- ] a. 细作用（的）n. 毛细管catalyst [ 'kætəlist ]n. 催化剂cation [ 'kætaiən ]n. 阳离子cellular [ 'seljulə ] a. 细胞的，由细胞组成的，多孔的cellulose [ 'seljuləus ]n. & a. 纤维素，含纤维素的ceramic [ si'ræmik ] a. 陶瓷、陶器checker [ 'tʃekə ]n. 格子砖checker chamber [ 'tʃekə 'tʃeimbə]蓄热室chemical durability [ 'kemikəl ,djuərə'biləti]化学稳定性chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [ 'kemikəl 'veipə ,depə'ziʃən]化学气相沉积cleavage [ 'kli:vidʒ ]n. 解理clinker[ 'kliŋkə ]n. 熟料、熔块coagulation[ kəuæɡju'leiʃən ]n. 凝结、凝固作用，聚集、角凝coating [ 'kəutiŋ ]n. 涂层，涂料，涂盖层collagen [ 'kɔlə,dʒen ]n. 骨胶原combustion flue [ kəm'bʌstʃən flu:]烟道complex [ 'kɔmpleks ]n. & a. 复合物，络合物；复杂的configuration [ kən,fiɡju'reiʃən ]n. 构形；（电子）排布constituent [ kən'stitjuənt ]n. 成分，组分contamination [ kən,tæmi'neiʃən ]n. 污染，杂质convection [ kən'vekʃən ]n. 对流，传递coordination numbers [ kəu,ɔ:di'neiʃən 'nʌmbəs]配位数coordination polyhedron [ kəu,ɔ:di'neiʃən ,pɔli'hi:drən]配位多面体cord [ kɔ:d ]n. 条纹，条痕（玻璃缺陷）cordierite [ 'kɔ:diərait ]n. 堇青石2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2 corrosion-resistant [ kə'rəuʒən ri'zistənt] a. 抗腐蚀的corundum [ kə'rʌndəm ]n. 刚玉α-Al2O3covalent [kəuˈveilənt] a. 共价的crazing[ 'kreiziŋ ]n. 细裂，龟裂，碎纹裂creep [ kri:p ]n. 蠕变cristobalite [ kris'təu,bəlait ]n. 方石英critical value [ 'kritikəl 'vælju:]临界值cross-fired glass melting furnace [ krɔ:s 'faiəd ɡlɑ:s'meltiŋ 'fə:nis]横火焰池窑crown [ kraun ]n. 炉顶，窑拱crown flint glass [ kraun flint ɡlɑ:s]冕火石玻璃crucible [ 'kru:sibl ]n. 坩埚crystallinity [kristəˈlinəti]n. 结晶度，结晶性crystallization [ ,kristəlai'zeiʃən ]n. 结晶（作用），晶化cubic [ 'kju:bik ] a. 立方晶系的cubic body-centered [ 'kju:bik 'bɔdi 'sentəd]体心立方（晶格）cubic face-centered[ 'kju:bik feis 'sentəd]面心立方（晶格）cullet [ 'kʌlit ]n. 碎玻璃，废玻璃（料）curing [ 'kjuəriŋ ]n. 固化，熟化，养护damper [ 'dæmpə ]n. 挡板，烟道闸板deflocculant [ di'flɔkjulənt ]n. 反絮凝剂，解凝剂deformation [ ,di:fɔ:'meiʃən ]n. 变形degrade [ 'di'ɡreid ]v. 降（裂，分）解，降低，衰变dendrite [ 'dendrait ]n. 树枝石，树枝状结晶densification [ ,densifi'keiʃən ]n. 密实化desiccator [ 'desikeitə ]n. 干燥器（皿）deteriorate [ di'tiəriəreit ]v. 1、（使）变坏，（使）恶化；2、损坏，消耗devitrify [ di:'vitrifai ]vt. 析晶devitrite [di:ˈvitrait]n. 失透石dielectric constant [ ,daii'lektrik 'kɔnstənt]介电常数differential thermal analysis (DTA) [ ,difə'renʃəl 'θə:məl ə'næləsis]差热分析diffraction [ di'frækʃən ]n. 衍射diffusion [ di'fju:ʒən ]n. 扩散dilatation [ ,dailə'teiʃən, dilə- ]n. 膨胀，扩展dilatometer [ ,dilə'tɔmitə ]n. 膨胀仪diode [ 'daiəud ]n. 二极管dipole moment [ 'daipəul 'məumənt]偶极矩dislocation [ ,disləu'keiʃən ]n. 位错，位移dispersion [ dis'pə:ʃən ]n. 色散，分散displacement [ dis'pleismənt ]n. 位移，易位，取代distortion [ dis'tɔ:ʃən ]n. 扭曲，变形dolomite [ 'dɔləmait ]n. 白云石MgCO3·CaCO3 domain [ dəu'mein ]n. 畴，域，范围，铁电体的均一极化区donor level [ 'dəunə 'levəl]施主能级dopant [ 'dəupənt ]n. 掺杂剂dotted line [ 'dɔtid lain]虚线drawability [ ,drɔ:ə'biləti ]n. 可纺性（玻璃纤维），可拉伸性ductile [ 'dʌktail, -til ] a. 可延展的，易变形的earthenware [ 'ə:θənwεə ]n. 陶（瓦）器eddy [ 'edi ]n. 涡流，漩涡，螺旋efflorescence [ ,eflɔ:'resəns ]n. 粉化、风化elastic modulus [ i'læstik 'mɔdjuləs]弹性模量electronegativity [ i'lektrəu,neɡə'tivəti ]n. 电负性electrophoretic [ i,lektrəfə'retik ] a. 电泳的electrostatic [ i,lektrə'stætik ] a. 静电的，静电学的embossing [ im'bɔsiŋ ]n. 浮雕，压花，压纹emulsifier [ i'mʌlsifaiə ]n. 乳化剂enamel [ i'næməl ]n. 搪瓷endothermic [ ,endəu'θə:mik,-məl ] a. 吸热的end-port furnace [ end pɔ:t 'fə:nis] (或horseshoe-fired furnace) 马蹄焰窑enstatite [ 'enstətait ]n. 顽火辉石enzyme [ 'enzaim ]n. 酶epitaxy [ 'epitæksi ]n. 外延，（晶体）取向生长epoxy [ ep'ɔksi ] a. 环氧的n. 环氧树脂erode [ i'rəud ]v. 腐蚀，受侵蚀ethylene[ 'eθili:n ]n. 乙烯eucryptite [ju:ˈkripˌtait]n. 锂霞石eutectic [ ju:'tektik ] a. 低共熔的，共晶的exothermic [ ,eksəu'θə:mik,-'θə:məl ] a. 放热的extrude [ ek'stru:d ]v. 挤压extrusion [ ek'stru:ʒən ]n. 挤出，挤压feldspar [ 'feldspɑ: ]n. 长石ferrite [ 'ferait ]n. 铁氧体ferroelectric [ ,ferəui'liktrik ] a. & n. 铁电体（性，的）filament [ 'filəmənt ]n. 细丝，灯丝filter press [ filtə pres]压滤机fineness [ 'fainnis ]n. 细度、精度、纯度fireclay [ 'faiəklei ]n. 耐火（粘）土，（耐）火泥firing [ 'faiəriŋ ]n. 烧成flaw [ flɔ: ]n. 裂纹，裂痕，瑕疵flexural strength [ˈflekʃərəl streŋθ]抗弯强度flexible [ 'fleksibl ] a. 挠性的，易柔曲的，韧性的float glass [ fləut ɡlɑ:s]浮法（平板）玻璃fluorescence [ fluə'resns ]n. 荧光，荧光性fluoride [ 'flu（:）əraid ]n. 氟化物fluorspar [ 'fluəspɑ: ]n. 萤石，氟石CaF2 fracture toughness [ 'fræktʃəˈtʌfnis]n. 断裂韧性frit [ frit ]n. 熔块、釉料garnet [ 'ɡɑ:nit ]n. 石榴石，石榴红色gel [ dʒel ]n. 凝胶germanium [ dʒə:'meiniəm ]n. 锗（Ge）glass fiber reinforced plastics[ɡlɑ:s'faibə,ri:in'fɔ:sd 'plæstiks ]玻璃纤维增强塑料（GFRP）glaze [ ɡleiz ]v. 上釉glost [ ɡlɔst ]n. 釉grain boundary [ ɡrein 'baundəri]n. 颗粒界面，晶界granulate [ 'ɡrænjuleit ]v. 粒化，成粒graphite [ 'ɡræfait ]n. 石墨green body [ ɡri:n 'bɔdi]n. 生坯，未烧坯grinding [ 'ɡraindiŋ ]n. 研磨，磨碎grit [ ɡrit ]n. 磨料gypsum [ 'dʒipsəm ]n. 石膏halide [ 'hælaid ] a. 卤化物（的），卤族的heterogeneous [ ,hetərəu'dʒi:njəs ] a. 异种的，非均质的hexagonal [ hek'sæɡənəl ] a. 六方的，六方晶系的host [ həust ]n. 基质，晶核homogeneity [ ,hɔməudʒe'ni:əti, ,həu- ]n. 均匀性，均一（性）homogeneous [ ,hɔmə'dʒi:niəs, ,həu- ] a. 均匀的，均一的humidity [ hju:'midəti ]n. 湿气，湿度hydrolysis [ hai'drɔlisis ]n. 水解（作用），加水分解immiscibility [ i,misə'biləti ]n. 不混溶性impediment [ im'pedimənt ]n. 妨碍，阻碍，障碍物impermeable [ im'pə:miəbl ] a. 不可渗透的，不透水的impurity [ im'pjuərəti ]n. 杂质，不纯物inclusion [ in'klu:ʒən ]n. 夹杂（物），掺杂index of refraction [ 'indeks ɔv ri'frækʃən]折射率inertness[iˈnə:tnis]n. 惰性infra-red spectrum [ 'inflə red 'spektrəm]红外光谱ingot[ 'iŋɡət ]n. 块料interferometer [ ,intəfə'rɔmitə ]n. 干涉仪interphase [ 'intəfeiz ]n. 界面，中间相a. 相间的interstitial [ ,intə'stiʃəl ] a. 间隙的intrinsic(al) [ in'trinsik,-kəl ] a. 内在的，固有的，本质的intrude [ in'tru:d ]v. 渗入isomorphic [ ,aisəu'mɔ:fik ] a. 同晶型的isostatic pressing [ ,aisəu'stætik 'presiŋ]n. 等静压成型isotherm [ 'aisəuθə:m ]n. 等温isotropic [ ,aisəu'trɔpik ] a. 各向同性的，均质的jiggering [ 'dʒiɡəriŋ ]n. 旋坯kaolinite [ 'keiəlinait ]n. 高岭土kiln [ kiln, kil ]n. 窑，炉lime [ laim ]n. 石灰，氧化钙limestone [ 'laimstəun ]n. 石灰石lithium [ 'liθiəm ]n. 锂lubrication [ ,lu:bri'keiʃən ]n. 润滑作用luster [ 'lʌstə ]n. 光泽v. 发光，使有光泽，给……上釉magnesium [ mæɡ'ni:ziəm, -ʃi- ]n. 镁magnesite [ 'mæɡnəsait ]n. 菱镁矿manganese[ 'mæŋɡə,ni:s]n. 锰（Mn）marls [ mɑ:l s ]n. 石灰泥matrix [ 'meitriks ]n. 基体，基质metallurgical [ ,melə'lə:dʒik,-kəl ] a. 冶金学的，冶金术的metastable [ ,metə'steibl ] a. 亚稳的，介稳的methane[ 'mi:θein ]n. 甲烷mica [ 'maikə ]n. 云母microcrack [ 'maikrəukræk ]n. 微裂纹microprobe [ 'maikrəuprəub ]n. 显微探针microstructure [ 'maikrəu,strʌktʃə ]n. 显微结构migrate [ mai'ɡreit, 'maiɡ- ]vi. 迁移mineralogy [ ,minə'rælədʒi ]n. 矿物学mineralizer [ 'minərəlaizə ]n. 矿化剂miscible [ 'misəbl ] a. 可混（合）的，可混（溶）的mixer [ 'miksə ]n. 混合机，混料机modification [ ,mɔdifi'keiʃən ]n. 更改，修改，变体modifier [ 'mɔdifaiə ]n. 调整体modulus [ 'mɔdjuləs, -dʒu- ]n. 模数，模量moldable [ˈməuldəbl] a. 可塑的，可模制的monoclinic [ ,mɔnəu'klinik ] a. 单斜的monolithic [ ,mɔnəu'liθik ]n. 单片（块）a. 整体的，单块的mortar [ 'mɔ:tə ]n. 砂（灰、泥）浆mullite [ 'mʌlait ]n. 莫来石multicomponent[ˌmʌltikəmˈpəunənt] a. 多成分的，多元的multiplicity [ ,mʌlti'plisəti ]n. 多样（性），多重性，大量mutrual orientation [ 'mju:tʃuəl ,ɔ:rien'teiʃən]相互取向needle-like [ 'ni:dl laik]针状neutralisation [ ,nju:trəlai'zeiʃən ]n. 中和（作用，法）nitridation [ ,naitri'deiʃən ]n. 氮化notch [ nɔtʃ ]n. 凹口，槽口observable [ əb'zə:vəbl ] a. 可观察到的，可以察觉的octahedral [ ,ɔktə'hedrəl, -'hi:- ] a. 八面体的octahedron [ ,ɔktə'hedrən, -'hi:- ]n. 八面体olivine [ ,ɔli'vi:n, 'ɔlivi:n ]n. 橄榄石opacity [ əu'pæsiti ]n. 乳浊，不透光性，浑浊度，不透明度opaque [ əu'peik ] a. 不透明的，模糊的optical flint [ 'ɔptikəl flint]火石光学玻璃optical crown [ 'ɔptikəl kraun]冕牌光学玻璃optics [ 'ɔptiks ]n. 光学optimum [ 'ɔptiməm ]n. 最佳条件orbital hybridation [ 'ɔ:bitəl haibriˈdeiʃən]轨道杂化organosilane [ 'ɔ:ɡənəu'silein]n. 有机硅烷orient [ 'ɔ:riənt, 'əu-, 'ɔ:rient ]n. 东方vt. 定……的方位orthorhombic [ ,ɔ:θə'rɔmbik ] a. 正交（晶）的，斜方（晶）的orthosilicate [ˌɔ:θəˈsiləkeit]n. 正（原）硅酸盐oscillate [ 'ɔsileit ]v. 振荡，振动overlap [ ,əuvə'læp, 'əuvəlæp ]vt. 与……重叠，与……部分一致overview [ 'əuvəvju: ]n. 综述，概述，概观oxalate [ 'ɔksəleit ]n. 草酸盐pelletization [ ,pelitai'zeiʃən ]n. 造球，球粒化作用particle size distribution [ 'pɑ:tikl saiz ,distri'bju:ʃən]粒径分布particulate [ pə'tikjulit ]n. & a. 粒子，细粒（的）peel [ pi:l ]v. 剥，削，剥落pellet [ 'pelit ]n. 片，粒化（料），丸permeation[ˌpə:miˈeiʃən]n. 渗入，透过permissible [ pə'misibl ] a. 容许的，许可的perpendicular [ ,pə:pən'dikjulə ] a. 垂直的petrochemical [ ,petrəu'kemikəl ] a. & n. 化工的，化工产品phase transition [ feiz træn'siʒən]相变phosphate [ 'fɔsfeit ]n. 磷酸盐photonic [ fəu-'tɔnik ] a. 光子的，光电子的piezoceramic [ pi:'eizəu si'ræmik ]n. 压电陶瓷pigment [ 'piɡmənt ]n. 颜（色）料pitch [ pitʃ ]n. 沥青placement [ 'pleismənt ]n. 放置，布局plasma [ 'plæzmə ]n. 等离子体，等离子区platinum [ 'plætinəm ]n. 铂plotter [ 'plɔtə ]n. 绘图器，测绘仪；制图员plunger [ 'plʌndʒə ]n. 活塞，园柱，插棒polarization [ ,pəulərai'zeiʃən, -ri'z- ]n. 极化，偏振polycrystalline [ ,pɔli'kristəlain, -lin ] a. 多晶的polyhedron [ ,pɔli'hi:drən, -he- ]n. 多面体polymorphic [ ,pɔli'mɔ:fik ] a. 多形的，多态的，多晶的porosity [ pɔ:'rɔsiti, pəu- ]n. 气孔率，多孔性postulate [ 'pɔstjuleit, -tʃə- ]n. 假定，假设potash [ 'pɔtæʃ ]n. 碳酸钾pottery [ 'pɔtəri ]n. 陶器厂，陶器（制造术）precursor [ pri:'kə:sə, pri- ]n. 前驱物premise [ pri'maiz, 'premis ]n. 前提vt. 预述（条件），提出……为前提prism [ 'prizm ]n. 棱镜prismatic [ priz'mætik ] a. 斜方晶系的probe [ prəub ]v. & n. 探针，探测器，（以探针等）探察，查明progressively [ prəu'ɡresiv li ]ad. 日益增多地，逐渐projection [ prəu'dʒekʃən ]n. 喷射prolong [ prə'lɔŋ, 'lɔ:ŋ ]vt. 拉长，延长prospective [ prəu'spektiv ] a. 预期的，有希望的prototype [ 'prəutətaip ]n. 原型，样品pseudomorph [ 'psju:dəumɔ:f ]n. 假象，假晶quarry [ 'kwɔri ]n. 采石场quartzite [ 'kwɔ:tsait ]n. 石英岩，硅岩quench [ kwentʃ ]vt. 1、把……淬火；2、熄灭ram [ ræm ]v. 猛击，填塞，撞reagent [ ri:'eidʒənt ]n. 试剂rearrangement [ 'ri:ə'reindʒmənt ]n. 重排reciprocal [ ri'siprəkəl ]n. 倒数reciprocate [ ri'siprəkeit ]v. 往复运动，上下移动，来回recycle [ ,ri:'saikl ]v. & n. 再循环，反复利用refining[riˈfainiŋ]n. （玻璃液）澄清reflectivity [ ,ri:flek'tiviti ]n. 反射性，反射系数refraction [ ri'frækʃən ]n. 折射refractive index [ ri'fræktiv 'indeks]n. 折射率refractoriness[ ri'fræktərinis]n. 耐火度refractory [ ri'fræktəri ]n. & a. 耐火材料，耐熔的，难熔的rigorous [ 'riɡərəs ] a. 严厉的，严酷的replica [ 'replikə ]n. 复制品，拷贝resonator [ 'rezəneitə ]n. 谐振器，共振器retract [ ri'trækt ]vt. 缩进，收缩retrieve [ ri'tri:v ]vt. 1、取回，恢复；2、补偿，弥补retrogression [ ,retrəu'ɡreʃən ]n. 逆反应rheology [ ri:'ɔlədʒi, ri- ]n. 流变性rhombohedral [ˌrɔmbəuˈhi:drəl] a. 菱形的，菱面体的ruby [ 'ru:bi ]n. 红宝石rupture [ 'rʌptʃə ]n. 断裂rutile [ 'ru:tail, -ti:l ]n. 金红石sagger [ 'sæɡə ]n. 闸体sanitaryware[ˈsænitəriwɛə]n. 卫生洁具schematically[ski:ˈmætikəli]ad. 用示意图，示意地，大略地scrap [ skræp ]n. 碎片，废料screw dislocation [ skru: ,disləu'keiʃən]螺旋位错cullet [ 'kʌlit ]n. 碎玻璃seam [ si:m ]n. 缝，接缝segregation [ ,seɡri'ɡeiʃən ]n. 分层sensor [ 'sensə, -sɔ: ]n. 传感器setting time[ 'setiŋ taim]硬化时间setup [ 'setʌp ]n. 1、组织，构造；2、装置，装配，创立shear [ ʃiə ]n. 剪切shrinkage [ 'ʃriŋkidʒ ]n. 收缩（性，量，率）shutdown [ 'ʃʌtdaun ]n. 关闭，熄灭sieve [ siv ]vt. & n. 筛分silicate [ 'silikit, -keit ]n. 硅酸盐silo [ 'sailəu ]n. 料仓，简仓sintering [ 'sintəriŋ ]n. 烧结skid [ skid ]n. 1、滑动，打滑；2、滑橇，划板slab [ slæb ]n. 板皮，石板岩，厚平板，厚片slag [ slæɡ ]n. （炉）渣slip casting [ slip 'kɑ:stiŋ]n. 注浆成型，泥浆浇注slurry [ 'slə:ri, 'slʌ- ]n. 稀泥浆，水泥浆soda ash [ 'səudə æʃ]苏打灰Na2CO3sodium [ 'səudiəm ]n. 纳（Na）solder [ 'sɔldə ]n. & vt. 焊料，焊接spall [ 'spɔ:l ]v. 研碎，散裂spark plug [ spɑ:k plʌɡ]n. 火花塞spatial orientations [ 'speiʃəl ,ɔ:rien'teiʃəns]空间取向spherically [ 'sferikəli]ad. 球地，球形地spindle [ 'spindl ]n. 1、轴，心轴；2、锭子，纺锤spine [ spain ]n. 脊柱spinel [ spi'nel, 'spinəl ]n. 尖晶石spodumene [ 'spɔdjumi:n ]n. 锂辉石Li2O·Al2O3·4SiO2 spray-drying[ sprei 'draiiŋ]n. 喷雾干燥sputter deposition [ 'spʌtə ,depə'ziʃən]溅射沉积stochastic [ stɔ'kæstik, stəu- ] a. 随机的，机遇的，推测的stoichiometric [ ,stɔikiə'metrik ] a. 化学计量的stoneware [ 'stəunwεə ]n. 石制品，粗陶瓷（器）stress-strain curve [ stres strein kə:v]应力-应变曲线subjective [ səb'dʒektiv ] a. 主观的submicrometer [ sʌb 'maikrəu mi:tə ]n. 亚微米suffice [ sə'fais ]v. 足够，使满足superconductor [ ,sju:pəkən'dʌktə ]n. 超导体superfine [ ,sju:pə'fain ] a. 特级的supersaturation [ 'sju:pə,sætʃə'reiʃən ]n. 过饱和（现象）surfactant [ sə:'fæktənt ]n. 表面活化剂suspension [ sə'spenʃən ]n. 悬浮液symmetry [ 'simitri ]n. 对称，匀称symposium [ sim'pəuziəm ]n. 1、专题讨论会；2、专题论文集talc [ tælk ]n. & vt. 滑石，用滑石处理tantalum [ 'tæntələm ]n. 钽tar [ tɑ: ]n. 焦油temporal [ 'tempərəl ] a. 1、暂时的，转瞬间的；2、时间的tensile strength [ 'tensail streŋθ]抗张强度ternary [ 'tə:nəri ] a. & n. 三元（的），三重（的）tetragonal [ te'træɡənəl ] a. 四方晶系的tetrahedron [ ,tetrə'hi:drət, -'he- ]n. 四面体tetravalent [ ,tetrə'veilənt, te'trævə- ] a. 四价的texture [ 'tekstʃə ]n. 织构，质地，结构thermalcouple [ 'θə:məl 'kʌpl]n. 热电偶thermal expansion coefficient[ 'θə:məl ik'spænʃən ,kəui'fiʃənt ]热膨胀系数thermal shock resistance[ 'θə:məl ʃɔk ri'zistəns ]抗热震（性）thermoplastic[ ,θə:məu'plæstik ] a. 热塑性的throwing[ 'θrəuiŋ ]n. 手工拉坯titania [ tai'teiniə, ti- ]n. 二氧化钛titanate [ 'taitəneit ]n. 钛酸盐tolerance [ 'tɔlərəns ]n. 公差，容许限度toughness[ tʌfnis ] n. 韧性toxicity [ tɔk'sisəti ]n. 毒性translucent [ trænz'lju:sənt, træns-, trɑ:n- ]n. 半透明的tridymite [ 'tridimait ]n. 磷石英trigonal [ 'triɡənəl, trai'ɡəunəl ] a. 三方的valency [ 'veilənsi ]n. 化合价，价，原子价varistor [ və'ristə ]n. 压敏电阻，可变电阻versatile [ 'və:sətail ] a. 1、通用的，万能的；2、活动的，万向的vertebra [ 'və:tibrə ]n. 椎骨，脊椎（pl. vertebrae）vinylalcohol [ 'vainil 'ælkəhɔl]n. 乙烯醇vitreous [ 'vitriəs ] a. 玻璃质的，玻璃态的vitrification [ ,vitrifi'keiʃən ]n. 玻璃化vitrify [ 'vitrifai ]v. 玻璃化，（使）成玻璃volatilization [ vɔ,lætilai'zeiʃən ]n. 挥发wetting[ 'wetiŋ ]n. （变、润、浸）湿whisker [ 'hwiskə ]n. 晶须whiteware [ 'hwaitwεə ]n. 白色（卫生）陶瓷wollastonite [ 'wuləstənait ]n. 硅灰石workability [ ,wə:kə'biləti ]n. 成型性zeolite [ 'zi:əlait ]n. 沸石zinc[ ziŋk ]n. 锌zirconia [ 'zə:kɔniə]n. 氧化锆zircon [ 'zə:kɔn ]n. 锆石，锆英石。
英汉玻璃纤维和矿物棉词汇
英汉玻璃纤维和矿物棉词汇AAbbe refractometer 阿贝折射计Ablation resistance 耐烧蚀性Ablative plastics 烧蚀性塑料Abrasion resistance 烧蚀性预浸料ABS 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物Absolute black body 绝对黑体Absolute plate method 绝对平板法Absorbed water layer 吸附水层Accelerant 促进剂Accelerated ageing test 加速老化实验Accelerated resin 含有促进剂的树脂Accelerated weathering test加速耐侯性实验Accelerating agent 促进剂，加速剂Acceleration conveyor 加速输送机Accelerator 加速器ACCM 亚-澳复合材料会议Accumulator 存储器，蓄电池Acetylacetone peroxide 过氧化乙酰丙酮Acid dip process 酸浸法Acid refractory 酸性耐火材料ACM 先进复合材料Acoustic absorption coefficient 吸生系数Acoustic absorptivity 吸生系数Acoustic insulation 声绝缘Acoustic material 隔音材料Acoustic attenuation index 声衰减系数Acoustic board 吸声板Acoustic ceiling 吸声天花板Acoustic emission inspection 声发射检测Acoustic fabric 隔音织物Acoustic felt 吸声毡Acoustic intensity 声强级Acoustic panel 吸声板Acrylic resin 丙烯酸Acrylonitrile-butadienerubber 丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenecopolymer丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物Acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate copolymer 丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物Acrylyl silane 丙烯酰硅烷Activation energy 活化能Activator 活化剂Active diluent 活性稀释剂Active filler 活性添料Active optical fibre 激活光纤Actibe toughener 活性增润剂Additive 添加剂Adhesion promotor 增粘剂Adhesive 粘合的Adhesive –bonded fabric 粘合织物Adhesive bonding 胶结Adhesive joint 胶结接头Adhesive strength 胶结强度Adhesive extrusion 绝热挤塑Advanced composites 先进复合材料Advanced fibers 高级纤维Advanced moulding compound高级模塑料Advanced textile performing 先进纺织预成型Advantex 无碱无硼玻璃纤维Aerocor 超细玻璃棉Aerocor process 火焰喷吹法Affinity 亲和性AFRP 芳纶纤维增强塑料After-burner 后燃器After-cure 后固化After-finishing 后处理After-treatment 后处理After-waxing 后上腊ageing-aging 老化Ageing period 老化期Ageing resistant agent 耐老化性AGFRP芳纶纤维混杂增强塑料A glass A玻璃ALAA 美国航空于航天学会Air-bag mould 气袋模Air blister 气泡Air blower 鼓风机Air blowing crown 喷风环Air bubble 气泡Air bubbler 鼓泡器Air cabinet 风套Air cavity 气窝Air cleaner 空气净化器Air cutter 风刀Air diffusion coefficient 空气扩散系数Air entrainment 夹气Air filter 空气过滤器Air handling insulations空气系统绝热制品Air-jet bulking 喷气膨化Air-jet commingled yarn 喷气复合纱Air-jet fibre attenuator 气流式纤维前伸器Air-jet loom 喷气织机Air-jet texturing 喷气变形Air knife 风刀Air nozzle 空气喷嘴Air penetration coefficient 空气渗透系数Air permeability 透气性Air plenum 风室Air pocket 气窝Air regenerator 空气蓄热室Air release 脱气Air reversal damper 空气换向闸板Air ring 风环Air slide conveyer 气动滑槽输送机Air stripping system 边壁吹风脱棉系统Air suction device 吸风装置Air-supported fabric structure 充气织物构筑物Air-supported fibre 空气间隙光纤Air-textured yarn 喷气变形纱Air trapping 夹气Aligned bundle 定位光纤束Aliphatic plasticizer 脂肪族增塑剂Alkali-free glass 无碱玻璃Alkali glass 含碱玻璃Alkali-resistant glass fibre 耐碱玻璃纤维Alkyd resin 醇酸树脂Alkyl imidazoline derivative 烷基咪锉咻衍生物Alkyltrichlorosilane 烷基三氯硅烷Alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride烷基三甲基氯化氨All-electric melter 全电熔窑All-glass optical fibre 全玻璃光纤Allowable slip angle 允许偏离角Allyl resin 烯丙基树脂Allyl resorcinol dichlorosilane 烯丙基间苯二酚二氯硅烷Allyl teichlorosilane 烯丙基三氯硅烷Alternating stress 应变能力Alumina borosilicate glass 铝硼硅酸盐玻璃Alumina fibre 氧化铝纤维Alumina hydrate 水合氧化铝Alumina refractory 氧化铝耐火材料Alumina-silica block 铝硅砖Alumina silicate glass 铝硅酸盐玻璃Alumina whisker 氧化铝晶须Alumine 氧化铝Aluminized fibre 涂铝纤维Aluminized fabric 铝铂贴面织物Aluminomagnesia glass 铝镁玻璃Aluminosilicate glass 铝硅酸盐玻璃Aluminozircofluoride glass fibre 铝锆氧化物玻璃Aluminum borate whisker 硼酸铝晶须Aluminum-coated glass fibre涂铝玻璃纤维Aluminum foil 铝铂Aluminum nitride whisker 氮化铝晶须Aluminum oxide fibre氧化铝纤维Aluminum silicate fibre 硅酸铝纤维Aluminum silicate wool 硅酸铝棉AMC 高级模塑料Amco-type tank furnace 双碹顶池窑Amide-imide polymer 酰胺-酰亚胺聚合物Amine curing agent 胺类固化剂Amine-functional silane 胺基硅烷Aminoalkoxysilane 氨基烷氧基硅烷Amino silane 氨基硅烷AMMC 丙烯腈Amylopectin 支链淀粉Amylose 直链淀粉Amyltrimethoxysilane 戊基三甲氧基硅烷AN 丙烯腈Anchor coat 粘固涂层Anchoring agent 粘固剂Andesite 安山石Anechoic test chamber无回声实验室Angled twill 人字斜纹Angle of wind 卷绕角angle-ply lamina 斜交铺层angle-ply laminate 斜交层合板angle-shaped arch 三角碹Angola process 安哥拉法Anhydride curing agent 酸酐类固化剂Anhydrous borax 无水硼砂Anhydrous boric acid 无水硼酸Aniline-formaldehyde resin苯胺-甲醛树脂Anion exchange resin 阴离子交换树脂An isotropic laminate 各向异性层合板Anisotropy 各向异性Annealing point 退火点Annealing zone 缓冷带Annular burner 环形燃烧器Annular bushing 圆形漏板Annular internal combustion burner 环形内燃喷嘴Anodic plate 阳极板Anti-ageing agent 防老化剂Antiager 防老化剂Anticorona tape 防晕带Anti-explosion cut-out 防爆阀Antimony white 锑白Antistat 抗静电剂Antistatic agent 抗静电剂Anvil roller 垫辊APC 先进塑料复合材料APMOC 俄罗斯产芳族聚酰胺纤维Apparent density 表观密度Apparent porosity 表观空隙率Apparent thermal conductivity 表观导热系数Apron applicator 带式涂油器Aqueous desizing 水洗脱油Aqueous size 水溶性浸润剂Aramid fibre 芳纶纤维Arbor press 冲压机Arc resistance 抗电弧性Arch 弓形Arch center碹胎Architectural fabric 建筑织物Architectural membrane 建筑模材Arch rib 碹股Arch rise 碹高Arch skewback 碹碴Arch span 碹跨Arch support 碹座Arch weight 面积体重Argil , argilla 陶土AR glass 耐碱玻璃Aromatic polyamide fibre 芳族聚酰胺纤维Arrow head twill 人字斜纹Arsenic white 砒霜Artificial ageing 人工老化Artificial cooling of cones 丝根强制冷却Artificial weathering 人工气候老化As-drawn fibre 刚拉伸纤维As-moulded 刚模塑成型的Aspect ratio 长径比，纵横比Asphalt-bonded blanket 沥青棉毡Asphalt felt 沥青毡Asphalt glass felt 玻璃纤维油毡Asphalt roll roofing 沥青屋面卷材A-stage resin 甲阶树脂ASHRAE 美国采暖，制冷和空调工程师学会ASTM 美国材料试验学会Atmospheric ageing 大气老化Atomizing air 雾化空气Atomizing air blower雾化风机Atomizing cone 雾化锥Atomizing nozzle 雾化喷嘴A TP 先进纺织预成形A TPF 先进热塑性预浸胶Attenuation 衰减，牵伸Attrition resistance耐磨耗性Autoclave 热压罐Autoclave moulding 热压罐成型Automated tape laying machine自动铺带机Automatic change-over 自动切换Automatic cop-changing loom 自动换纡机Automatic direct-roving winder 自动换筒直接无捻粗纱拉丝机Automatic indexing winder自动换筒拉丝机Automatic length counter 自动计长器Automatic level control页面自动控制Automatic marble feeder 自动加球机Automatic pressure control压力自动控制Automatic shuttle-changing loom 自动换梭织机Automatic tandem winder 自动换筒分拉拉丝机Automatic temperature control温度自动控制Automatic winder 自动络纱机Automotive headliner 汽车车头内Automotive hoodliner 汽车机罩内衬Automotive topliner汽车顶棚内衬Auto-orientation 自取向Autothermal extrusion 自热挤塑Auto turret winder 自动换卷机Autowinder 自动换筒拉丝机A VK-TV 增强塑料协会-技术联合会（德国）A VPD 轴向气相沉积法A VPO 轴向气相氧化发氧化法Axial load 轴向荷载Axial orientation 轴向取向Axial vapour-phase deposition process 轴向气相沉积法（制光纤）Axial vapour-phase oxidation process 轴向气相氧化发氧化法（制光纤）Axial winding 轴向缠绕（成型）Axisymmetrical winding 抽对称缠绕Azdel 美国产热塑性片状模塑料Azido silane 叠氮型硅烷Azobisisobutyronitrile 偶氮二异丁腈AZS 率锆硅三元系统耐火材料，锆刚玉Azzi-tsai-hill theory 阿滋-蔡-希尔理论BBack-beaming method 分批正经法Back bearer 后梁（织机）Back fire 回火Backing brick 衬砖Backing cloth 衬布Backing coat 底涂层Backing paper 衬纸Back rest 后梁（织机）Back-up refractory 背衬耐火材料Back-up roll 垫辊Bacteria resistance 抗菌性Bactericide 杀菌剂Baddeleite 斜锆石Baffle 挡板Bagged material袋装料膜袋Bagging film 膜袋Baghouse 袋滤室Bag mould 袋模Bag moulding 袋压成型Bag slitter 拆袋器Balanced cloth 均织布Balanced laminate 均衡层合板Balanced mould 对称模具Ba;amced symmetric laminate 均衡对称层合板Balanced twist 平衡捻Balanced-type isotension head contour 平衡型等张力封头曲面Ball and ring method 球环法Ball-burst test 钢球式顶破试验Ball impact test 落球冲击试验Balloistic fabric 防弹织物Ballistic impact test 冲击试验Ballistic tear test 冲击撕裂试验Ball mill 球磨Balloon 气球Balloon length 气圈高度Balloon breaker 气圈隔断器Balloon eliminator气圈消除器Balloon plate 气圈控制片Balloon separator 隔纱板Balsa wood 轻木（复合材料芯材）Banbury mixer 班伯里混炼机Bandage 绷带Bandwidth 带宽Barb , barbed needle 钩针Bare glass fibre 裸玻璃纤维Bare sleeve 白坯管Barite , barites 重晶石Barrel 机筒Barrier property 阻隔性能Bar screen 棒条筛Basalt 玄武石Basalt fibre 玄武石纤维Basalt wool 玄武石棉Base cloth 基布Base coat 底涂层Base glass , basic glass 基础玻璃Basic pattern 基本案图Basic refractory 碱性耐火材料Basic weave 基本组织Basic weight 基重Basic yarn 原丝Basket 多孔板Basket weave 方平组织Batch 配合料Batch agglomeration 配合料成团，配合料成块Batch bin 配合料仓Batch blanket 生料层Batch briquet 配合料块Batch briquetting 配合料压块Batch bucket 配合料斗Batch cake 配合料团Batch calculation 配料计算Batch can 配合料管Batch charger 投料机Batch charging end 投料端Batch component 配合料组分Batch composition 配合料组成Batch constituent 配合料组分Batch desizing oven 分批式脱油炉Batch distributor 布料器Batch dividing brick 分料砖Batch feeder 投料机Batch feeding pipe 加料管Batch flying 飞料Batch formula 配合料方Batch-free 生料熔尽的Batch handling 配合料装卸Batch hopper 配合料斗Batch house 配料房Batching drum 卷布滚筒Batching machine 卷布机Batching motion 布辊大卷装装置Batch ingredient 配合料组分Batch kneader 分批捏合机Batch layer 配合料层Batch lump 配合料块Batch mix 配合料Batch mixer 混料机Batch mixing 混料Batch moulding operation 分批成型作业Batch pellet 配合料粒Batch palletizing 配合料造粒Batch pile 配合料堆Batch plant 配料车间Batch process 分批法Batch scale 配料秤Batch scraper 刮料器Batch segregation 配合料分层Batch sheet 配料单Batch size 批量Batch stone 配合料结石Batch table 配料表Batch tower 塔式配合料仓Batch-type desizer 分批式脱油炉Batch-type drying oven 间歇式烘炉Batch plate 蓄电池极板Batch retainer sheet 蓄电池隔板Batch retainer sleeve 蓄电池固化管Batch separator 蓄电池隔板Batch separator mat蓄电池毡型隔板Battery separator sheet 蓄电池隔板Batt insulation 绝热毡Bauxite 铝矾土Bead 珠、熔珠、玻璃珠Beading down 挂炉滴料Beam 梁、经轴、光束Beam barrel 辊轴轴筒Beam creel 经轴架Beam disc 经轴边盘Beam doffer 落轴装置Beam doffing 落轴Beamed yarn 经轴纱Beamer 整经机Beam flange 经轴边盘Beam hanger device 吊轴装置Beaming 整经Beam presser 经轴压纱装置Beam stand 经轴架Beam storage rack 经轴贮架Bearing arch 承重碹Beater 打浆机Beating machine 打浆机Beating-up , beat-up 打纬Beefing-up 补强Be;t bucket elevator 带斗式提升机Belt burn-off 网带焚烧Belt conveyer 皮带输送机Belted tire 带束轮胎Belt feeder 皮带给料机Belt-type size applicator 带式涂油器Bending creep弯曲蠕变Bending endurance test弯曲耐久试验Bending fatigue 弯曲疲劳Bending modulus 弯曲模量Bending strength 弯曲强度Bending-twisting coupling 弯扭耦合Beneficiated slag 精选矿渣Bentonite 膨润土Benzene sulfonyl chloride 苯磺酰氯Benzoyl peroxide 过氧化苯酰氯Beta fibre 贝它纤维Beta yarn 贝它纱Beveled insulation lag 斜切绝热套BFRP 硼纤维增强塑料Bias-belted-ply 斜胶交带束窗布层Bias-belted tire 斜交带束轮胎Bias crossing 斜交Bias cutting 斜切Bias filling , bias weft 纬斜Bias-ply tire 斜交帘布轮胎Bias strip 斜裁布条Biaxial fabric 双轴向织物Biaxial winding 双轴向缠绕Bicomponent composite fibre 二元复合纤维Bicomponent glass fibre 双组分玻璃纤维Bidirectional lamina 双向铺层Bidrectional laminate 双向层合板Bifibre composite 双纤维增强复合材料Bifunctional structure unit 双官能结构单元Birurcated optical fibre 分支光纤Bin 料仓Bin activator 仓壁震动器Binary glass 二元玻璃Binary phosphate glass fibre 二元磷酸盐玻璃Binder 粘合剂Binder application 施加粘合剂Binder application section 施胶段Binder applicator 施胶器Binder content 粘合剂含量Binder nozzle 粘结剂喷嘴Binder spray 喷粘结剂Binder agent 粘结剂Binder steel 钢结构Binding strength 粘接强度Bin discharger 料仓卸料器Bin level indicator 料仓料位指示器Bioglass, biological glass 生物玻璃Bi-orientation双取向Birefringence fibre 双折射光纤Bismaleimide 双马来酰亚胺bisphenol 双酚Abitruder 双螺杆挤塑器bituminized kraft paper 沥青牛皮纸black body 黑体blanket 毯blanket batch charger 毯式投料机blanket insulation 绝热毯blast 喷气，气流，爆炸blast attenuation process 气流吹拉法blast furnace slag 高炉矿渣bleeder 泄放器bleeder cloth 吸胶布bleeding 吸除blend 混合blend composition 共混料blended fabric 混纺织物blended yarn 混纺纱blender 混合器blending bin, blending silo 混料仓blister 气泡block insulation 绝热板，棉板block press 模压机blower鼓风机blowing agent 发泡机blowing chamber 沉降室blow(ing) moulding 吹塑blowing wool 喷涂棉blown fibre mat 喷吹纤维毡blown insulation喷吹成型绝热材料BMC 块状模塑料BMI双马来酰亚胺Board insulation 绝热板Bobbin 筒管Bobbin creel 筒子架Bobbin winder 络筒机Bobbin yarn筒管纱Bodying 加厚Boiling test 煮沸试验Bonded AZS 烧结锆刚玉Bonded joint 胶结接头Bonded mat 粘接毡Bonded energy 键合能Booster 增压器Booster flame 辅助火焰Boosting 增压，加速Boost melting 电助熔Borax 硼砂Borax decahydrate 十水硼砂Borax pentahydrate 五水硼砂Borescope 管道镜Boric acid 硼酸Boric anhydride 硼酐Borocalcite 硼钙石Boromagnesite 硼镁石Boron-amine complex 硼胺络合物Boron carbide whisker 炭化硼晶须Boron fibre 硼纤维Boron-free alkali-free glass fibre 无硼无碱玻璃纤维Boron-phenolic resin 硼酚醛树脂Borosilicate glass 硼硅酸盐玻璃Borsic fibre 涂有炭化硅的硼纤维Boss 凸台，浮雕Bottom beam 底梁Bottom hatch 底门Boundary 边界Boundary diffusion 界面扩散Boundary element 边界元Boundary layer 边界层Bounded flow 约束流动Bowed yarn 弓纱Bowl brick 托碗砖Box-shaped segment 拉丝机头Bracing 支撑，拉条Bracing channel 支撑槽钢Braid 编织，编织物Braid architecture 编织结构Braided cable jacket 编织电缆护套Braided fabric 编织物Braided glass packing 编织玻璃纤维盘根Braided perform 编织预形坯Braided sleeve 编织套管Braided tape 编织带Braided tubing 编织管Braiding machine 编织机Brass wire traverse 铜丝排线器Brattice cloth 风障布Breakdown 破裂，分解Breakdown voltage 击穿电压Breaking elongation 断裂伸长Breaking load 断裂荷载Breaking strength 断裂强度Breaking tenacity 断裂强度Breast beam 胸梁Breast wall 胸墙Breathability 透气性Breather 透气装置Brick grade 砖号Bridge bond 桥键Bridge conveyor过桥输送机Bridge oxygen 桥氧Bridge wall 桥墙Bridging 桥架Bridging forehearth 过渡通路Brinell hardness 布氏硬度Briquette 料块Briquetting 造块，压块Brittle fracture 脆裂Brittleness 脆性Broad fabric 宽幅织物Broken ends 断头Broken fillingt 断纬Broken satin 破缎纹Broken selvedge 破边Broken tracer yarn 不连续的示踪纱Broken twill 破斜纹Broken warp 断经Broken weave 稀弄???????????Brookfield viscometer 布氏黏度计Brush roller 刷辊BSG 硼硅酸盐玻璃Btu 英热单位Bubble 气泡Bubbler 鼓泡器Bubbler tube 鼓泡管Bucket 料斗Bucket elevator 斗式提升机Buckling 纵向弯曲Buckling strength 屈曲强度Buckstay 立柱Buckstay heel 立柱柱脚Buffer 缓冲Builder 组分,成型机构Builder Cam 成型凸轮Builder motion 成型运动Building membrane 建筑模材Built-in colour 内含色彩Built-in lubrication 内在润滑Built-up mould 组合模具Built-up roofing 组合式屋顶Bulk density 体积密度Bulked yarn 彭化变形纱Bulk factor 体积系数Bulk factor of moulding compound 模塑料压缩比Bulk fibre 散纤维Bulkglass 块状玻璃Bulkiness 彭松性Bulking 彭化变形Bulking effect 彭化效应Bulking filler 增量填料Bulking machine 彭化机Bulking value 比体积Bulk modulus 体积模量Bulk moulding compound 块状模塑料Bulk refractory 散装耐火材料Bulk specific gravity 散装比重Bulk wool 散棉Bulk yarn 彭松纱Bulk-resistant panel 防弹板Buna 布钠橡胶Buna-S 布钠Bunchy yarn 竹节纱Bundle cable 束式光缆Bundle jacket 光纤束护套Bundle strength 纤维束强度Bunker 料仓Bunker oil 船用油Bunker yard 贮料场Burner 燃烧器Burner block 烧嘴砖Burner nozzle 燃烧喷嘴Burner orifice 喷火口Burner tile 烧嘴砖Burner tip 烧嘴Burning point 着火点Burning resistance 耐燃性Burnt dolomite 煅烧白云石Burnt lime 烧石灰Burr 毛刺Burst (ing) strength 爆破强度Bursting rod 分绞棒Bushing 漏板Bushing assembly 漏板组合体Bushing baseplate 漏板底板Bushing block 漏板砖Bushing cooling coil 漏板冷却水封Bushing design 漏板设计Bushing ears 漏板耳朵Bushing electrics 漏板电器Bushing fabrication 漏板制造Bushing forehearth 作业通路Bushing frame 漏板托架Bushing lid 坩埚盖Bushing lugs 漏板耳朵Bushing nozzle 漏嘴Bushing orifice 漏孔Bushing partition 拉丝炉位隔板Bushing position 拉丝炉位Bushing pull rate 漏板出料率Bushing separation panel 拉丝炉位隔板Bushing setting refractories 漏板安装耐火材料Bushing terminals 漏板端子Bushing throughput 漏板出料率Bushing tip 漏嘴dip蘸Bushing transformer 漏板变压器Butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber 丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶Butadiene-styrene rubber 丁二烯-苯乙烯橡胶Butadiene-pyridine latex 丁二烯-吡啶乳胶Butterfly 排线器Burrerfly offset 排线器与机头中心水平距离Butt joint 对接Butyl benzyl phthalate 邻苯二甲酸丁-苄酯Butyl rubber 丁基橡胶CCable 电缆Cabled yarn 多次并捻纱Cabling 多次并捻Cable run 光缆主干CAF (美国)复合材料制造厂协会Cage mill 笼式粉碎机Cake 丝饼Cake conditioning 丝饼调理Cake conveyor 丝饼输送机Cake drying oven 丝饼烘干炉Cake trolley 丝饼车Cake winder 拉丝机Calcined alumina 煅烧氧化铝Calcined gypsum 烧石灰Calcite 方解石Calcium-aluminum-orosilicate glass 钙率硼硅酸盐玻璃Calcium silicate 硅酸石Calcspar 方解石calendaring roll 压延辊calumite 卡罗马特矿渣campaign 窑龄campaign melting efficiency 周期熔化效率cam shedding 踏盘开口cam traverse 排线凸轮canal 过渡通路canal block 通路砖cantilever beam impact test 悬臂梁式冲击试验cantilever stiffness test 悬臂法刚度试验capstan roll 牵引辊caramelized fabric 部分热清洗织物carbon-carbon composites 碳/碳复合材料carbon cloth 碳布carbon felt 碳粘carbon fibre 碳纤维carbon fibre composite 碳纤维复合材料carbonization , carbonization 碳化carbonized fibre 碳化纤维carbon roller 石墨辊carborundum brick 碳化硅砖cardable fibre 可梳理纤维carpet backing 地毯底布carpet plot 毯式曲线carrier fabric 底布carrier film 承载膜carrier roll 支承辊cartridge filter 筒式过滤器castable refractory 浇注耐火材料castables 浇注料casting 浇注成型casting compound 铸塑料casting machine 铸塑机casting resin 注塑用树脂casting tape 绷带cast moulding 浇铸成型catalyst 催化剂Catalyst accelerator 催化加速剂Catalystic curing 催化固化Catalyzer 催化剂Catch cord 捕纬边线Catch selvedge 废边Catch selvedge cutter 开边剪Catenary 悬曲线Catenary-free roving 无垂感无捻粗纱Caterpillar haul-off 履带式牵引机Cathodic plate 阴极板Cation exchange resin 阳离子交换树脂Cationic methacrylato-functional silane 阳离子甲基丙烯酸硅烷Cationic silane 阳离子型硅烷Cationic starch 阳离子型淀粉Cationic surfactant 阳离子型表面活性剂Cationic wetting agent阳离子型润湿剂Caulk 嵌缝胶Caul plate 均压板CCL 覆铜板Cellular structure 多孔结构Cellulosic pulp 纤维素纸浆Cem-FIL 赛姆菲尔纤维Central screw extruder 中心螺杆式挤塑机Centrifugal blower 离心式鼓风机Centrifugal casting 离心浇铸Centrifugal process 离心法Centrifugal rotor 离心头Centrifugal spinner 离心机Centrifuging disk 离心盘Centrifuging distributor 离心分配器Cerafibre 硅酸铝棉Ceramic crucible 陶瓷坩埚Ceramic fibre 陶瓷纤维Ceramic matrix composites 陶瓷基复合材料Ceramic whisker 陶瓷晶须Ceramic wool 陶瓷棉Ceramoplastic, ceraplast 陶瓷纤维增强塑料Certificated transfer specimen 标准传递用品CF 碳纤维CFA (美国)复合材料加工厂协会CFM 连续纤维毡CFRP碳纤维增强热塑性塑料CFRTP碳纤维增强热塑性塑料C glass C玻璃Chaff 雷达干扰屑Chain bucket elevator 链斗式提升机Chain conveyor 链式输送机Chain(link) belt 链带Chain stitch 链式针迹Chalcogendie glass fibre 硫族玻璃光纤Chalking 起霜Chamotte 耐火黏土熟料Channel 通路Channel block 通路砖Channeling 沟流形成Charge 炉料,投料Charge level 投料料位Charger 投料机,充电器Charging end 投料端Charging-end bin 窑头料仓Charging hopper 加料斗Charging opening 加料口Charpy impact strength 摆锤式冲击强度Charpy(impact) test 摆锤式冲击试验Chaser mill 轮辗机Checker brickwork 个子砖Cheese 纱筒Chemical adsorption 化学吸附Chemical bonded mat 化学粘结毡Chemical coupling 化学偶联Chemical resistance 耐化学性Chemical stability 化学稳定性Chemical vapour deposition process 化学气相沉积法Chemical vapour oxidation process 化学气相氧化法Chimney arch 烟囱碹Chimney draft 烟囱抽力China clay 瓷土Chipped surface 爆皮Chlorendic anhydride 氯菌酸酐Chlorinated paraffin, chloroparaffin 氯化石蜡Chlorinated rubber 氯化橡胶Chloroprene rubber氯丁橡胶Chlorosilane 氯代硅烷Choledochoscope 胆道镜Chop-out die 冲切模Choppability 短切性Chopped fibre composites 短切纤维复合材料Chopped strand mat 短切原丝毡Chopped strands 短切原丝Chopped strands dryer 短切原丝烘干机Chopper 短切机Chopper gun 组合喷枪Chopping machine 短切机Chopping roving 短切用无捻粗纱Chrome brick 铬砖Chrome complex 铬络合物Chrome finish 铬处理剂Chromel(alloy) 铬镍合金Chrome-nickel alloy 铬镊合金Chrome oxide refractory 氧化铬耐火材料Chute feeder 溜槽给料机Circuit 绕程Circuit per layercir 每层绕程Circular burner 环行喷嘴Circular filter cloth 圆筒过滤布Circular knit 圆筒形针织物Circular saw 圆锯Circular winding 环向缠绕Circumferential twisting 圆周加捻Circumferential winding 环向缠绕CIRTM 共注射树脂传递模塑Clad 覆盖Cladded optical fibre 包层光纤Cladding 包层Cladding glass 包层玻璃Clad silica fibre 包层石英光纤Clamping roll 夹辊Caly 粘土Clay block 粘土大砖Clay brick 粘土砖Clay crucible 粘土坩埚Cleanout 清理Clear coating 透明涂层Clearness 透明度Clear shed 清晰梭口Clear sheet 透明片材Cleavage 分裂Clip rapier挟持式剑杆Closed cell structure 闭孔结构Closed mould 闭合式模具Closed moulding 闭模成型Closing ram 闭模活塞Cloth beam 卷布轴Cloth doffing 落布Cloth feeder 喂布装置Cloth guide 导布装置Cloth inspecting machine 验布机Cloth inspecting table 验布台Cloth inspection 验布Cloth jointing machine 布接头机Cloth laminate 布基层压板Cloth roll 布卷Cloth roller 卷布辊Cloth roll-up 卷布CMC 陶瓷基复合材料Co-acting roller process 对轮法Coarse crusher 粗碎机Coarse crushing 粗碎Coarse end 粗经Coarse filling 粗纬Coat 涂层Coated fabric 涂层织物Coated optical fibre 涂层光纤Coated yarn 涂层纱Coating 涂层,涂料Coating compound 涂料Coating fabric 涂层基布Coaxial glass fibre 同轴玻璃纤维Cobalt naphthenate环烷酸钴Cobalt naphthoate 萘甲酸钴Cobweb whisker 蛛丝状晶须Cocatalyst 共催化剂Cocure, cocuring 共化剂Coefficient of air excess 空气过剩系数Coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数Coefficient of cubic expansion 体膨胀系数Coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数Coefficient of heat accumulation 蓄热系数Coefficient of heat conductivity 导热系数Coefficient of heat transfer 传热系数Coefficient of linear expansion 线膨胀系数Coefficient of linear thernal expansion 线热膨胀系数Coefficient of looseness 松散系数Coefficient of mutual influence 互影响系数Coefficient of performance 有效系数Coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal storage 蓄热系数Coefficient of viscous traction 粘性牵伸系数Coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion 体积热膨胀系数Coextrusion 共挤塑Coherence, coherency 相干Coherent bundle 相干光纤束Cohesion 内聚Cohesion beween layers 层间内聚力Cohesive failure 内聚失效Cohesiveness 内聚能力Coil 纱圈Coil ratio 纱圈卷绕比Coil slippage 脱圈Co-injection 共注塑Co-injection resin transfer moulding 共注射树脂传递模塑Cold bridge 冷桥Cold compression moulding 冷压成型Cold-cure 冷固化Cold-curing 冷固化Cold moulding 冷模塑Cold press冷压Cold press moulding 冷压成型Cold punching 冷冲压Cold setting 冷固化Colemanite 硬硼钙石Collecting reed 集束筘Collection chamber 沉降室Collection conveyor 集棉输送机Collet机头Collet amplitude 机头振幅Collet bladder 机头涨圈Collet body 机头本体Collet segment 机头滑块Collet-traverse speed ratio 成型速比Collimated roving 并饶无捻粗纱Colloid 胶体Colloidal silica 胶体二氧化硅Colonoscope 肠镜Color, colour 颜色Colorant, colourant 着色剂Colouring,colouring 着色Colourability 着色性Colour compound 色料Colour consistency 颜色一致性Coloured glass fibre 着色玻璃纤维Coloured yarn 染色纱Colour fading 褪色Colour fastness 色牢度Colour fastness to light 耐光色牢度Colour fastness to sunlight 耐日晒色牢度Colouring agent 着色剂Colour paste 色料糊Colour stain 色斑Column press柱式压机Comb 多槽集束器Combination fabric 复合织物Combination mat 复合毡Combination mould 组合式模具Combination yarn 组合纱Combined fabric 复合织物Combined mat 复合毡Combined stress 复合应力Combustibility 可燃性Combustibility rating 可燃性等级Combustible matter content 可燃物含量Combustion air 助燃空气Combustion air blower 助燃风机Combustion chamber 助燃室Combustion intensity 燃烧强度Combustion space 火焰空间Combustion-supporting air 助燃空气Comingled fibre 复合纤维Comingled roving 复合无捻粗纱Comingled yarn 复合纱Common brick 普型砖Co-moulded 共模塑的Compact winding 紧密缠绕Compaction roll 压实辊Comparative plate method 比较平板法Compartment silo 分隔式筒仓Compatibility 相溶性Compatibilizer 相容剂Compatible plasticizer 相溶性增塑剂Compensated optical fibre 补偿光纤Complex catalyst 配位催化剂Complex dielectric constant 复数介电常数Complex modulus 复数模量Compliance 柔量Compliance matrix 柔量矩阵Compliance matrix element 柔量矩阵元素Composite 复合材料Composite curing agent 复合固化剂Composite fabric 复合织物Composite fibre 复合纤维Composite filter paper 复合滤纸Composite insulation 复合绝热材料Composite material 复合材料Composite mould 什锦模具Composite moulding 复合材料成型Composite wood 复合木材Composite yarn 复合纱Compound 混配Compounded resin 配混树脂Compounder 配混机Compound-glass optical fibre 多组分玻璃光纤Compound-glass process 复合玻璃法Compounding additives 混配添加剂Compounding ratio 配混比Compound needle 复合针Compound yarn 股线Compressibility 压缩性Compression creep 压缩蠕变Compression deformation 压缩变形Compression factor 压缩系数Compression moulding 模压成型Compression moulding compound 模压料Compression press 压塑压机Compression ram 压塑柱塞Compression resistance 耐压性Compression roll 压辊Compression set 压缩变形Compressive fatigue 压缩疲劳Compressive modulus 压缩模量Compressive resilience 压缩回弹法Compressive strength 压缩强度Compulsion type mixer 快速强制混合机Computer-aided filament winding 计算机辅助纤维缠绕成型Concentrated load 集中荷载Concentric tubular fabric 同心管状织物Conditioned weight 公量Conditioning oil 调节油Conditioning zone 温度调节区Conductive cabling for spark plugs 火花塞导电缆Conductive clothing 导电服Conductive coating 导电涂层Conductive yarn 导电纱Cone 圆锥体Cone crusher 圆锥破碎机Cone gate 椎形浇口Cone mill 椎形磨Cone package 宝塔纱Cone screen 椎形筛Cone winder 宝塔纱络纱机Confidence coefficient 置信系数Confidence interval 置信区间Configuration temperature 构型温度Configuration unit 构型单元Conformability 适应性Conformable fabric 可贴合织物Confusor 管导片Confusor orifice 管导片口Congruent melting 一致熔Conical 3-4D fabric 椎形三维织物Conical screw extruder 椎形螺杆挤塑机Conjugate glass fibre 复合玻璃纤维Connector forehearth 过渡通路Consistency 一致性Consistency variables 稠度变量Constant linear speed 恒线速Constant load 恒定荷载Constantan 康铜Constituent 组分Constitutional unit 结构单元Constructed roving 合股无捻粗纱Contact adhesive 接触黏合剂Contact angle for wetting 浸润接触角Contact lay-up moulding 接触铺叠成型Contact moulding 接触低压成型Contact resin 触压树脂Contact mouldability 接触成型性Contamination of platinum 铂中毒Continuous corrugated panel moulding 波板连续型Continuous fibre 连续性纤维Continuous filament 连续纤维Continuous filament mat 连续纤维毡Continuous filament yarn 连续纤维纱Continuous flat panel moulding 平板连续成型Continuous glass fibre 连续玻璃纤维Continuous laminating 连续层压Continuous panel manufacture 连续制板Continuous pultrusion 连续式拉挤成型Continuous strand mat 连续原丝毡Contour fabric 仿行织物Convection coefficient 对流系数Convention moisture regain 公定回潮率Coverging flow 渐缩流Coverter winder 变频拉丝机Conveyer 输送机Conveyor 输送机Conveyer belt 输送带Conveyer oven 传送式固化炉Cooker 蒸煮器Cooking kettle 煮浆桶Cooling coil 冷却盘管Cooling disk 冷却溜盘Cooling end 冷却部Cooling fin 冷却片Cooling jacket 冷却套Cooling rate curve 冷却速率曲线Cooling section 冷却段Cooling zone 冷却区Co-ordinate covalent bond 配位共价键Co-ordinate polyhedron 配位多面体Cop 管纱cop changer 自动换纡机构Cop changing loom 自动换纡织机Copper bowl 铜碗Copper-clad laminate 覆铜板Cop winder 卷纬机Cord 绳Cordage 绳,索Cord fabric 帘布Cord lays 帘布层Cordierite 堇青石Core 芯Core crush 芯子压扁Core depression 芯子凹陷Core glass 纤芯玻璃Core-to-cladding interface 纤芯与包层的界面Corhart block 铁砖Corhart-Zac block 电熔锆莫来石砖Corner block 拐角砖Corona resistance 耐电晕性Coronizing 高温定纹Corrosion cracking 腐蚀开裂Corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀性Corrugated panel 波纹板Corundum block刚玉砖Cotruder 双螺杆挤塑机Couette correction 库爱特校正数Coumaran resin 香豆满树脂Coumarone resin 香豆酮树脂Coumarone-indene resin 香豆酮-茚树脂Count 计数Counter-current cleanout 反吹风清灰Counterflow mixer 逆流式混合机Counter reel 纱框测长器Counter weight 平衡重锤Coupling 耦合Coupling agent偶联剂Coupling effect 耦合效应Coupling finish 偶联处理Coupling size 偶联浸润剂Coupon 试样Covalent bond 共价键Cover block 盖砖Cowinding 共缠绕Cowoven fabric 混织物C process C工艺Crack 裂纹Crack deflection 裂纹偏转Crack growth 裂纹增生Crack opening displacement 裂纹张开位移Crack pinning 裂纹钉扎Crack propagation 裂纹蔓延Crack resistance 抗裂性Crack shedding motion 曲柄开口运动Crawl speed 慢车速度Crazing 鬼裂Crease 折皱Crease resistance 抗皱性Creel 纱架Creel dryer 纱架干燥器Creel peg 插纱锭子Creep 蠕变Creep compliance 蠕变柔量Creep rate 蠕变速率Creep recovery 蠕变回复Creep rupture strength 蠕变断裂强度Cresol-formaldehyde resin 甲酚-甲醛树脂Cresol resin 甲酚树脂Crimp 卷取Critical extension ratio 临界牵伸比Critical fibre length 临界纤维长度Critical flow rate 临界流量Critical spinning temperature 临界拉丝温度Critical volume fraction 临界体积分数Critical bracing 横向支撑Cross-fired furnace 横火焰窑Cross flame 横火焰Crossing angle 交叉角Crossing effect 交叉效应Cross laminate交叉层合材料Crosslinkable plasticizer 可交联增塑剂Cross-link density 交联密度Cross-linker 交联剂Cross-linking agent 交联剂Cross-ply laminate 正交层合板Cross twill 破斜纹Cross twist 顺手捻Cross weave 纱罗组织Cross winder 交叉卷绕络纱机Cross winding 交叉缠绕Cross laminate 交向层合材料Cross-wound cheese 交叉卷绕纱筒Crowding effect 集群效应Crowfoot 乌足缎纹Crown 大碹Crown glass 冕牌玻璃CRTM 连续树脂传递模塑Crucible 坩埚Crude sand 原纱Crusher 破碎机Crush splicing 压嵌拼接Cryogenic insulation 保冷材料Cryolite 水晶石Crystalline fibre 晶质纤维Crystallinity 结晶性Crystallized glass fibre 微晶玻璃纤维CS 短切原丝CSM 短切原丝毡C stage resin C阶树脂Cube dicer 方粒切粒机Cubic wool 方块棉Cullet 碎玻璃Cumulative weighing 累积称量Cumyl hudroperoxide 过氧氢化异丙苯Cupola 冲天炉Cupola mantle 冲天炉壳体Cure 固化，塑化Cure characteristics 固化特性Cure cycle 固化周期Cure degree 固化度Cure index 固化指数Cure period 固化期Cure shrinkage 固化收缩Curing agent 固化剂Curing behavior 固化特性Curling carriage 固化用车Curing catalyst 固化催化剂Curing mechanism 固化机理Curing oven 固化炉Curing rate 固化速率Curing reaction 固化反应Curing tunnel 隧道式固化炉Curled edge 卷边Curled glass fibre 卷取玻璃纤维Curled selvedge 卷边Curtain coater 水幕式施胶器Curtain fabric 窗帘织物Curtain wall 吊墙。
保护渣专用词汇英中对照
保护渣专用词汇英中对照连铸(continuous casting)钢种(steel grade)浇铸断面(casting format)拉速(casting speed)润滑(lubrication)传热(heat transfer)菜籽油(rape seed oil)热流(heat flow)浸入式水口(SEN-submerged entry nozzle)坯壳(steel sheel)保护渣渣膜(slag film)粉煤灰(fly ash)石灰石(limestone)苏打灰(soda ash)萤石(fluorite)硅酸盐(silicate)矿物质(mineral)合成渣(synthetic powder)熔点(melt point)成分(composition)性能(performance)炭黑(carbon black)微合金钢(microalloy steel)不锈钢(stainless steel)渣耗(powder consumption)粘结漏钢(sticker breakout)表面质量(surface quality)摩擦力(friction force)黏度(viscosity)熔化速度(melting rate)凝固系数(solidification coefficient)薄板坯(thin slab )异型坯(beam blank近终形连铸(near net shape continuous casting)石墨(black lead)焦炭(coke)硅灰石（CaO·SiO2）碱度(basicity)粉渣(granulated powder)实心颗粒渣(sincere granuled powder)预熔型保护渣(prefused powder)低碳铝镇静钢(LCAK-low carbon Alumina killed steel)针孔(pinhole)高碳钢(high carbon steel)弯月面(meniscus)振痕(oscillation mark)熔化温度(melting temperature)相图（phase diagram）伪硅灰石(wollastonite,又名tabular spar) 磷(phosphorus)硫(sulfur)助熔剂(fluxing agent)结晶(crystallizing)枪晶石(Cuspidine)钙黄长石(Akermanite)离子(ion)CaO(calcium oxide)氧化物夹杂物（oxide inclusion）玻璃性（vitrecence）CaF２(fluorite)枪晶石（3CaO.2SiO2.CaF2）氟化物（fluoride）钙铝黄长石（2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2）Na2O(sodium oxide)霞石(Na2O.Al2O3.2SiO2)Al2O3(alumina)钙铝黄石（2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2）Li2O(lithia)BaO(baryta)TiO2(titanium)B2O3(boron)过热度（superheat）原子（atom）分子（molecule）MgO(magnesia)低碳钢（low carbon steel）MnO(manganese)结网氧化物（network forming oxides）Cr2O3(chrome)破网氧化物（network modifying oxides）K2O(kalium)SrO(strontium)过渡层（mushy layer）液渣层（liquid layer）烧结层（sintered layer）原渣层（powder layer）固态渣膜（solid slag film）液态渣膜（liquid slag film）绝热（thermal insulation）防止氧化（avoid oxidation）吸收夹杂物（absorb inclusions）搭桥（bridging）流渣通道（powder flow channel）氧（oxygen）氮（nitrogen）润湿角（soakage angle）非正弦振动（non-positive oscillation）波动（fluctuate）热阻（heat transfer resistance）气隙（air gap）黏度（η-viscosity）(basic slag)碱性渣硅灰石CaO·SiO2正硅酸钙2CaO·SiO2结晶（析晶）温度（T cry -crystallization temperature）差热分析法（DTA）T M最大结晶速率温度T∞结晶的终止温度凝固温度（T sol solidification temperature）转折温度（T b break temperature）析晶率（crystalline rate）玻璃化率（vitrification rate）表面张力（surface tension）界面张力（interfacial tension）氧化钠（Na2O）氟化钙（fluorite-CaF2）氧化铁（Fe2O3）氧化锰（MnO）氧化镁（MgO）氧化钛（TiO2）粒度(granularity)水分(moisture)滑石Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2白云母KAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)高岭石Al4[Si4O10](OH)8碳酸钠sodium carbonate(Na2CO3)碳酸钡barium carbonate(BaCO3)碳酸锂lithium carbonate(LiCO3)碳酸镁magnesium carbonate(MgCO3)结晶器壁（mold wall）芜酸(C21H14COOH)水平传热（horizontal heat transfer）晶格(lattice)电磁波(hertzian wave)辐射(radialization)光子(photon)传导(conduction)中碳钢（medium carbon steel）铁素体（ferrite）奥氏体（austenite）包晶钢（peritectic steel ）包晶反应（peritectic reaction）液态流股（metal flow）电磁制动（electromagnetic braking-EMBR）结晶层（crystalline flux layer）钙硅石(wollastonite)纵向传热（vertical heat transfer）超低碳钢（ULC-ultra low carbon steel）皮下缺陷(sunsurface defect)“驻波（standing wave）”氩气流速（argon flow rate）条片（sliver）缺陷刚玉(corundum)钙钛矿(Perovskite) ………………………………………………..水泥（cement）石英(quartz)冰晶石(cryolite-Na3AlF6)纯碱(alkali)碱土金属(alkaline earth)碳酸盐(carbonate)黏土(grume)生石灰(cacles)氢(hydrogen)烧损(cauterize)CO2(carbon dioxide)中碳铝镇静钢(MCAK-medium carbon aluminum killed steel) 糊精(dextrin)纸浆(paper pulp)糖浆(sirup)纤维素(fibrin)淀粉(amylum)浸入式水口侵蚀(SEN erosion)示差扫描量热法（DSC）-------------------------------------------------------------------- 方坯（billet）矩形坯(bloom)板坯(slab)薄板坯(thin slab)塞棒(stopper)滑动水口(slide gate)超低碳钢(ULC-ultra low carbon steel)低碳钢(LC-low carbon steel)包晶钢(peritectic steel)中碳钢(MC-meidum carbon steel)高碳钢(HC-high carbon steel))超高碳钢(super high carbon steel )氧化(oxidation)硅钢(silicon steel)Nb(niobium)V(vanadium)Ti(titanium)稀土(rare earth)铝(aluminium)断面形状(section shape)断面尺寸(section size)振动特性(oscillation charateristic)无间隙原子钢，IF-Interstitial-free泊---poise马氏体(martensite)硅灰石（CaO•SiO2）铬酸钙(CaCrO4)------------------------------------------------“黑”渣操作（black practice）结壳(skulling)快速更换中包(fly change tundish)渣圈（slag rim）渣绳（slag rope）“渣蛇（slag snake）“渣棒（slag bear）矿相结构（mineralogical constitution）粘附（conglutinate）剔除（eliminate）挑出Seek out搅动（agitate）结团（agglomertion）结壳（skulling）渣壳（showering）结鱼（crust）ZrO2（zicronia）水口堵塞(SEN clogging)临界消耗量（critical consumption ）冷却速度(cooling rate)振痕消耗（Q osc-consumption by the oscillation marks”润滑消耗(lubrication consumption)结晶器壁（mold wall）“锯齿形”温度波动（sawtooth shape temperature fluctuations）结晶器对中差（mold misalignment）时间-温度-转变曲线（TTT-time temperature transformation）结晶相（crystalline layer）玻璃相（glassy layer）剪切应力（shear stress）轴向应力（axial stress）渣膜断裂强度（slag fracture strength）临界润滑消耗量（critical lubricating consumption）Cs(cesium)137V AS（voestalpine stahl）流变性能(rheological property)流动性(flowability)熔化行为(meltdown behaviour)软化点(softening point)熔化温度(melting temperature)流动温度（flowing temperature)消耗量（CPC-casting powder consumption液渣层(LMSL-liquid mould slag layer)自由碳(free carbon)热流(heat flux)热电偶(thermocouple)温度变化系数-TVC(temperzture variation coefficient）坯壳粘结率-SSR(sheel sticker rate)微细夹杂(macro-inclusions)微合金钢种（micro-alloyed grades）热点(hot point)结晶器铜板(mold copper plate)-----------------------------------金相检查(metallographic examination)重熔(remelt)正滑动(positive strip)反向弯曲(bend back)振痕宽度(the pitch of oscillation mark-l)OM F—振频(oscillation frequency)；S＝振幅(oscillation stroke length)；％NS－负滑动率（precent negative strip）振痕深度(the depth of oscillation mark-d)OM变形（deformation）发热剂（exothermic agent）负滑脱时间（nagative strip time-t N）振痕紊乱（abbormity oscillation marks）C型缺陷（C-type defects）表面凸出（protruding surface）重皮层（double skin structure）表面纵裂纹（longitudinal cracking）鬼线裂纹（ghost crask）Ceq（carbon equivalence）铁素体势Fp（ferrite potential）结晶器锥度（mold taper）表面横裂纹（transverse cracking）硫化锰（MnS）氮化铝（AlN）星状（网状）裂纹（star and spongy cracking）铜（copper）热脆(hot short)晶界（crystalloid boundary）Ni（nickel）Cr（chromium）Co（cobalt）Mo（molybdenum）富集（enrichment）玷污（attaint）脆性（brittleness）树枝晶（dendrite）卷渣和吸气（slag and gas entrapment）超声波检验（UST）气泡（blister）扰动（disturb）；乳化渣滴（emulsified droplet）漩涡（vortex）氩气泡（argon bubbling）保护渣结壳（crust block）絮状渣团（showering）下环流（downward recirculation）结晶器窄边（mold narrow face）结晶器宽面（mold broad face）针孔（pinholes）皱折（pucker）铅笔形管状缺陷（pencile pipe defects）低屈服强度钢（low-yield strength steel），钛稳定超低碳铝镇静钢（TISULCAK钢条状缺陷（sliver）低碳铝镇静钢（LCAK）钛稳定超低碳钢（TISULC）水口插入深度（SEN immersion depth）凹陷（坑）（depressions and gutters）纵向凹陷（longitudinal depressions）偏离角纵向凹陷（offer corner longitudinal depressions）横向凹陷（transverse depressions）注中保护渣（operating powder）开浇渣（start-up powder）增碳（carbon pickup）Si3N4（silicon nitride）----------------------------------结晶器铜板(mold copper plate)热电偶(thermcouple)--------------------------------无氟保护渣(F-free mold flux)NaF(sodium fluoride)硼砂（borax）冰晶石（cryolite）锂辉石（lepidolite）氮化物(nitride)氧化物(oxide)彩色保护渣(Color-Coded Mold Flux)原料(raw materials)钙硅酸盐(Calcium Silicates)锂(Lithium)氟(Fluorine)钠(Sodium)硼(Boron)焦炭(coke)石墨(graphite)炭黑(carbon blacks)灯黑(ampblack)自由碳(free-carbon)玻璃碳层(carbon glassy layer)自动加渣(powder auto feed)。
PVDF膜材料表面的耐碱老化研究
PVDF膜材料表面的耐碱老化研究摘要聚偏氟乙烯是一种半结晶聚合物，具有较强的疏水性，能流延成膜，易受到有机物，特别是蛋白质的吸附而造成膜污染。
针对膜污染，用较高浓度的NaOH碱液在高温下对膜进行清洗。
但在清洗过程中，我们发现PVDF在碱液下逐渐变黄甚至发黑，PVDF的膜结构被破坏，减短了PVDF膜的使用寿命。
本实验正是基于此，采用改变PVDF表面结晶形态的方法对PVDF进行改性，从而提高其耐碱性。
PVDF常见的晶体结构主要有三种：B、a 丫晶型。
而溶剂和不同温度对膜结晶性能以及各种晶型的产生都有比较宏观的影响。
根据文献及前期摸索，实验主要从以下三方面进行：成膜工艺、结晶形态、表面形貌结构对PVDF膜耐碱性的影响。
我们着重研究了PVDF膜材料在不同亲核试剂（氢氧根、乙胺）进攻下的脱氟降解过程，以及表面结构对此界面层脱氟降解反应的影响。
在相同的侵蚀环境下，PVDF溶剂膜脱氟降解速度和程度要远远高于PVDF熔融膜。
溶剂膜老化速度要快于熔融膜。
含a晶型较多的PVDF膜耐碱老化性能明显要强于含a晶型多的PVDF膜。
表面排布较规整的样品更耐碱老化。
关键词：聚偏氟乙烯耐碱性结晶形态脱氟降解Alkali resistance of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) filmAbstractPVDF is a semi - crystalline polymer, with strong hydrophobicity, cast film, vulnerable to organic compounds, especially protein adsorption and membrane fouling caused. Membrane fouling, with a high concentration of NaOH alkaline solution under high temperature on membra ne clea ning. But in the process of clea ning, we find PVDF lye gradually turn yellow or eve n black, PVDF membra ne structures are destroyed, reduced the use of PVDF membra ne life. This experime nt is based on this, using the cha nge of surface morphology of PVDF methods to be modified, thereby impro ving its alkali resista nee.But with differe nt solve nts and temperature on properties of membra ne crystallizatio n and Crystal have a wider impact. Accord ing to historical and early explori ng, the experime nt from the following three main areas : film forming process, Crystal morphology, effect of surface morphology structure on alkali resista nee of PVDF membra ne.We focus on PVDF membrane material in different nucleophiles hydroxyl, ethylamine defluori nati on process un der attack, and surface structure on the degradati on effects of fluori ne gas - fluid in terface.Un der the same erosi on en vir onment, solve nt PVDF membra ne defluori nati on degradati on level of speed and much higher tha n the melt ing film of PVDF. Solve nt film agi ng faster tha n melting film. PVDF membrane containing a Crystal more aging properties of alkali -resistant no ticeably stro nger tha n a crystal of PVDF membra ne. Alkali resista nee of surface layout more structured samples more aging.Key words: poly(vinylidene fluoride); alkali resistance;crystal; defluorination of degradatio n摘要................................................................. I•...Abstract .................................................................................................................... I I 第一章文献综述 .. (1)1.1引言 .................................................................... 1…1.2 PVDF与碱的脱氟反应机理 .................................................2.1.2.1反应原理............................................................. 2.1.2.2 PVDF与碱反应的FT-IR表征 (3)1.2.3 PVDF与碱反应的拉曼表征 (4)1.2.4 ESR ................................................................................................................... 5..1.3PVDF晶型结构............................................................ .8..1.3.1 a晶型....................................................... 8..1.3.2 B晶型............................................................ 8..1.3.3 丫晶型............................................................ 9..1.4实验方案与研究方向..................................................... 1.1 第二章实验样品制备部分 (12)2.1主要原料和仪器 .......................................................... 1.22.1.1实验原料与试剂..................................................... 1.22.1.2 实验仪器与设备................................................... .122.2膜制备 (12)2.2.1熔融铸膜 (12)2.2.2溶剂铸膜 (13)第三章结果讨论 (14)3.1溶剂膜在氢氧根和乙胺进攻下的脱氟降解反应 ................................ 1 43.1.1通过△ L值表征PVDF溶剂膜表面脱氟降解反应程度 (14)3.1.2 FTIR-ATR 分析...................................................... 1.63.2熔融膜在氢氧根和乙胺进攻下的脱氟降解反应 (17)321通过△L值表征熔融膜表面脱氟降解反应程度 .......................... 1 73.2.2 FTIR-ATR 分析..................................................... 1.83.3制备不同表面结构的PVDF材料 (19)3.3.1 XRD 分析 (20)3.4不同表面结构PVDF材料的脱氟降解反应 (21)实验结论 (24)参考文献 (25)致谢 (27)第一章文献综述1.1引言聚偏氟乙烯是一种半结晶、线型聚合物，玻璃化温度（Tg）为-39o C,结晶熔点（Tc）约等于160°C,热分解温度在316o C⑴以上，聚合度可以达到几十万。
有机氟化物 综述
To improve gradually day by day！
1. Fluorination
Fluorine substitution can impart on molecules, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, materials, and PET. Fluorination methods still lack generality, practicality, and predictability. Within the past ten years, a similar leap in fluorination chemistry has occurred, which we ascribe to increased efforts towards catalytic methods for the incorporation of fluorine.
The first transition-metal-catalyzed aromtic fluorination reaction.
The necessity of cooradinating groups limit the substrate scope!
To improve gradually day by day！
Redox synergy of the multiple metallic centers.
高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译
专业英语词汇accordion手风琴activation活化（作用）additionpolymer加成聚合物，加聚物aggravate加重，恶化agitation搅拌agrochemical农药，化肥Alfincatalyst醇（碱金属）烯催化剂align排列成行aliphatic脂肪（族）的alkalimetal碱金属allyl烯丙基aluminumalkyl烷基铝amidation酰胺化（作用）amino氨基，氨基的amorphous无定型的，非晶体的anionic阴（负）离子的antioxidant抗氧剂antistaticagent抗静电剂aromatic芳香（族）的arrangement（空间）排布，排列atactic无规立构的attraction引力，吸引backbone 主链，骨干behavior性能，行为biological生物（学）的biomedical生物医学的bonddissociationenergy键断裂能boundary界限，范围brittle脆的，易碎的butadiene丁二烯butyllithium丁基锂calendering压延成型calendering压延carboxyl羧基carrier载体catalyst催化剂，触媒categorization分类（法）category种类，类型cation正[阳]离子cationic阳（正）离子的centrifuge离心chainreaction连锁反应chaintermination链终止char 炭characterize表征成为…的特征chilledwater冷冻水chlorine氯（气）coating涂覆cocatalyst 助催化剂coil线团coiling线团状的colligative依数性colloid胶体commence开始，着手commonsalt食盐complex络合物compliance柔量condensationpolymer缩合聚合物，缩聚物conductivematerial导电材料conformation构象consistency稠度，粘稠度contaminant污物contour外形，轮廓controlledrelease控制释放controversy争论，争议conversion转化率conversion转化copolymer 共聚物copolymerization共聚（合）corrosioninhibitor缓释剂countercurrent逆流crosslinking 交联crystal基体，结晶crystalline晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline结晶的crystallinity结晶性，结晶度crystallite微晶decomposition分解defect缺陷deformability变形性，变形能力deformation形变deformation变形degreeofpolymerization聚合度dehydrogenate使脱氢density密度depolymerization解聚deposit堆积物，沉积depropagation降解dewater脱水diacid二（元）酸diamine二（元）胺dibasic二元的dieforming口模成型diffraction衍射diffuse 扩散dimension尺寸dimensionalstability尺寸稳定性dimer二聚物（体）diol二（元）醇diolefin 二烯烃disintegrate分解，分散，分离dislocation错位，位错dispersant分散剂dissociate离解dissolution溶解dissolve使…溶解distort使…变形，扭曲doublebond双键dough（生）面团，揉好的面drug药品，药物elasticmodulus弹性模量elastomer弹性体eliminate消除，打开，除去elongation伸长率，延伸率entanglement缠结，纠缠entropy熵equilibrium平衡esterification酯化（作用）evacuate 撤出extrusion注射成型extrusion挤出fiber纤维flameretardant阻燃剂flexible柔软的flocculatingagent絮凝剂folded-chainlamellatheory折叠链片晶理论formulation配方fractionation分级fragment碎屑，碎片fringed-micelletheory缨状微束理论functionalgroup官能团functionalpolymer功能聚合物functionalizedpolymer功能聚合物gel凝胶glasstransitiontemperature玻璃化温度glassy玻璃（态）的glassy玻璃态的glassystate玻璃态globule小球，液滴，颗粒growingchain生长链，活性链gyration旋转，回旋hardness硬度heattransfer热传递heterogeneous不均匀的，非均匀的hydocyacid羧基酸hydrogen氢（气）hydrogenbonding氢键hydrostatic流体静力学hydroxyl烃基hypothetical假定的，理想的，有前提的ideal理想的，概念的imagine想象，推测imbed嵌入，埋入，包埋imperfect不完全的improve增进，改善impurity杂质indispensable 不了或缺的infraredspectroscopy红外光谱法ingredient成分initiation（链）引发initiator引发剂inorganicpolymer无机聚合物interaction相互作用interchain链间的interlink把…相互连接起来连接intermittent间歇式的intermolecular(作用于)分子间的intrinsic固有的ion离子ionexchangeresin离子交换树脂ionic离子的ionicpolymerization离子型聚合irradiation照射，辐射irregularity不规则性，不均匀的isobutylene异丁烯isocyanate异氰酸酯isopropylate异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属isotactic等规立构的isotropic各项同性的kineticchainlength动力学链长kinetics动力学latent 潜在的lightscattering光散射line衬里，贴面liquidcrystal液晶macromelecule大分子，高分子matrix基体，母体，基质，矩阵mean-aquareend-to-enddistance 均方末端距mechanicalproperty力学性能，机械性能mechanism机理medium介质中等的，中间的minimise最小化minimum最小值，最小的mo(u)lding模型mobility流动性mobilize运动，流动model模型modify改性molecularweight分子量molecularweightdistribution分子量分布molten熔化的monofunctional单官能度的monomer单体morphology形态（学）moulding模塑成型neutral 中性的nonelastic非弹性的nuclearmagneticresonance核磁共振nucleartrackdetector核径迹探测器numberaveragemolecularweight数均分子量occluded夹杂（带）的olefinic烯烃的optimum最佳的，最佳值[点，状态]orient定向，取向orientation定向oxonium氧鎓羊packing 堆砌parameter参数parison型柸pattern花纹，图样式样peculiarity特性pendantgroup侧基performance性能，特征permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical药品，药物，药物的，医药的phenylsodium苯基钠phenyllithium苯基锂phosgene光气，碳酰氯photosensitizer光敏剂plastics塑料platelet片晶polyamide聚酰胺polybutene聚丁烯polycondensation缩（合）聚（合）polydisperse多分散的polydispersity多分散性polyesterification聚酯化（作用）polyethylene聚乙烯polyfunctional多官能度的polymer聚合物【体】，高聚物polymeric聚合（物）的polypropylene聚苯烯polystyrene聚苯乙烯polyvinylalcohol聚乙烯醇polyvinylchloride聚氯乙烯porosity多孔性，孔隙率positive正的，阳（性）的powdery粉状的processing加工，成型purity纯度pyrolysis热解radical自由基radicalpolymerization自由基聚合radius半径randomcoil无规线团randomdecomposition无规降解reactent反应物，试剂reactive反应性的，活性的reactivity反应性，活性reactivityratio竞聚率real真是的release 解除，松开repeatingunit重复单元retract收缩rubber橡胶rubbery橡胶态的rupture断裂saturation饱和scalp筛子，筛分seal密封secondaryshapingoperation二次成型sedimentation沉降（法）segment链段segment链段semicrystalline半晶settle沉淀，澄清shaping成型sidereaction副作用simultaneously同时，同步singlebond单键slasticparameter弹性指数slurry淤浆solarenergy太阳能solubility溶解度solvent溶剂spacergroup隔离基团sprinkle喷洒squeeze挤压srereoregularity立构规整性【度】stability稳定性stabilizer稳定剂statistical统计的step-growthpolymerization逐步聚合stereoregular有规立构的，立构规整性的stoichiometric当量的，化学计算量的strength强度stretch拉直，拉长strippingtower脱单塔subdivide细分区分substitution取代，代替surfactant 表面活性剂swell溶胀swollen溶胀的synthesis合成synthesize合成synthetic合成的tacky（表面）发粘的,粘连性tanker油轮，槽车tensilestrength抗张强度terminate（链）终止tertiary三元的，叔（特）的tetrahydrofuran四氢呋喃texture结构，组织thermoforming热成型thermondynamically热力学地thermoplastic热塑性的thermoset热固性的three-dimensionallyordered三维有序的titaniumtetrachloride四氯化钛titaniumtrichloride三氯化铁torsion转矩transfer（链）转移，（热）传递triethyloxonium-borofluoride三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer三聚物（体）triphenylenthylpotassium三苯甲基钾ultracentrifugation超速离心（分离）ultrasonic超声波uncross-linked非交联的uniaxial单轴的unsaturated不饱和的unzippering开链urethane氨基甲酸酯variation变化，改变vinyl乙烯基（的）vinylchloride氯乙烯vinylether乙烯基醚viscoelastic黏弹性的viscoelasticstate黏弹态viscofluidstate黏流态viscosity黏度viscosityaveragemolecularweight黏均分子量viscous粘稠的vulcanization硫化weightaveragemolecularweight重均分子量X-rayx射线x光yield产率Young'smodulus杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物什么是高聚物首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
废铝电解质浸出液的冰晶石诱导结晶除氟工艺研究
第 54 卷第 2 期2023 年 2 月中南大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)V ol.54 No.2Feb. 2023废铝电解质浸出液的冰晶石诱导结晶除氟工艺研究韩泽勋，罗丽琼，吴勇聪，蒿鹏程，谭璇，吕晓军(中南大学 冶金与环境学院，湖南 长沙，410083)摘要：针对当前工艺回收废铝电解质浸出液中有价元素存在须要先除氟且有价元素资源利用率低等问题，提出采用诱导结晶法生产冰晶石，回收浸出液中氟、铝等有价元素。
研究结果表明：通过调节pH ，可实现浸出液中沉淀产物的调控，pH<5时，浸出液中得到AlF 2OH ；pH 在5~8范围内，得到Na 3AlF 6和AlF 2OH 共沉淀；pH>8时，得到Na 3AlF 6和Al(OH)3共沉淀。
除氟最佳工艺条件为：pH=9，碱液中NaOH 质量浓度160 g/L ，加碱速度1 mL/min ，反应温度50 ℃；此时，溶液中残余氟质量浓度为59.32 mg/L ，氟回收率为98.91%，沉淀含水率达54.92%。
加入冰晶石晶种可诱导溶质在晶体表面生长，改善产物及除氟性能；在晶种添加量为4 g/L ，陈化时间为2 h 条件下，沉淀含水率降低至29.59%，过滤系数提高到30.24×10−4 cm/s ，平均体积粒度增加到105.89 μm ，溶液中氟含量降低至48.20 mg/L ，氟的总回收率增加到99.11%。
采用活性氧化铝对晶种诱导结晶除氟后溶液深度吸附除氟，剩余氟质量浓度为9.0 mg/L ，全流程总氟回收率为99.83%。
关键词：废铝电解质；含氟浸出液；冰晶石；氧化铝吸附；诱导结晶；除氟中图分类号：TF09 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-7207（2023）02-0595-12Cryolite-induced crystallization defluorination process of spentaluminium electrolyte leaching solutionHAN Zexun, LUO Liqiong, WU Yongchong, HAO Pengcheng, TAN Xuan, LÜ Xiaojun(School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)Abstract: The current recycling process of spent aluminium electrolytes leachate has problems such as the need to prior defluorination and the low resources utilization rate of valuable element. The induced crystallization method was proposed to produce cryolite and recover the various valuable elements such as fluorine and aluminum from the leachate. The results indicate that the precipitation products style in the leachate can be controlled by adjusting pH of the solution. When the pH is less than 5, AlF 2OH is obtained. The co-precipitation of Na 3AlF 6 and AlF 2OH is obtained with the pH range of 5 to 8. When pH is more than 8, the co-precipitation products are Na 3AlF 6 and收稿日期： 2022 −09 −30； 修回日期： 2022 −12 −07基金项目(Foundation item)：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51674302) (Project(51674302) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China)通信作者：吕晓军，博士，教授，从事高温熔盐电化学及铝冶金固废资源化研究；E-mail ：*****************.cnDOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2023.02.019引用格式： 韩泽勋, 罗丽琼, 吴勇聪, 等. 废铝电解质浸出液的冰晶石诱导结晶除氟工艺研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 54(2): 595−606.Citation: HAN Zexun, LUO Liqiong, WU Yongchong, et al. Cryolite-induced crystallization defluorination process of spent aluminium electrolyte leaching solution[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2023, 54(2): 595−606.第 54 卷中南大学学报(自然科学版)Al(OH)3. The optimum process conditions for fluoride removal are pH=9, NaOH concentration of 160 g/L, alkali addition rate of 1 mL/min and reaction temperature of 50 ℃. Under the optimum conditions, the residual fluoride concentration in the solution is 59.32 mg/L, and the recovery rate of fluorine is 98.91%, and the precipitation moisture content is as high as 54.92%. Adding cryolite seed crystals can induce the growth of solutes on the crystal surface and improve the performance of product and fluorine removal. When the seed crystal addition amount is4 g/L and the aging time is 2 h, the moisture content of precipitation reduces to 29.59% and filtration coefficientincreases to 30.24×10−4 cm/s. The average volume particle size increases to 105.89 μm, and the fluorine content in solution decreases to 48.20 mg/L. The total recovery rate of fluorine increases to 98.91%. Using activated alumina to deeply purify fluorine by adsorption after induced crystallization, the remaining fluoride concentration is 9.0 mg/L and the total recovery rate of fluorine is 99.83%.Key words: spent aluminium electrolyte; fluorine-containing leachate; recycling; cryolite; alumina adsorption;induced crystallization电解铝生产过程中会产生大量废铝电解质，其来源主要包括3个方面：一是生产中为稳定电解质高度而捞出的过剩电解质；二是打捞炭渣分离得到的废电解质；三是大修渣、残阳极等部分夹带的电解质。
材料科学与工程专业英语第二版_翻译答案(匡少平),单元：1,2,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,13,16,19,22
Unit1：2.英译汉材料科学石器时代肉眼青铜器时代光学性质集成电路机械(力学)强度热导率1.材料科学指的是研究存于材料的结构和性能的相互关系。
相反，材料工程指的是，在基于材料结构和性能的相互关系的基础上，开发和设计预先设定好具备若干性能的材料。
2. 实际上，固体材料的所有重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀降解性。
3. 除了结构和性质，材料科学和工程还有其他两个重要的组成部分：即加工和性能。
4. 工程师与科学家越熟悉材料的结构-性质之间的各种相互关系以及材料的加工技术，根据这些原则，他或她对材料的明智选择将越来越熟练和精确。
5. 只有在极少数情况下材料在具有最优或理想的综合性质。
因此，有必要对材料的性质进行平衡。
3. 汉译英Interdispline dielectric constantSolid materials heat capacityMechanical properties electro-magnetic radiationMaterials processing elasticity modulus1.直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。
It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationship between the structural elements of materials and their properties . 2.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。
Material engineering mainly solve the problems of materials processing and materials application.3.材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。
喷淋-吸附联合法处理含氟废气工艺探讨
喷淋-吸附联合法处理含氟废气工艺探讨作者：李景旺来源：《环境与发展》2020年第12期摘要：采用“微纳米臭氧氧化强化的碱液喷淋+活性炭吸附”工艺，对氟工业生产过程中产生的气态氟化物进行处理。
研究结果表明，碱液中微纳米臭氧的存在能够明显降低喷淋液中的有机物浓度，其COD去除率可达62%，对有机氟具有较好的分解效果。
“微纳米臭氧氧化强化的碱液喷淋+活性炭吸附”工艺可以高效地脱除废气中的有机氟和无机氟化物，氟化物的净化效率高于95%，处理后的排放废气中的总氟化物<5mg/m³，能够满足排放要求。
该工艺结构简单，操作便捷，系统运行稳定高效。
关键词：微纳米臭氧氧化;液碱吸收;活性炭吸附;氟化物中图分类号：X701.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-672X（2020）12-00-02DOI：10.16647/15-1369/X.2020.12.040Discussion on treatment of fluorine containing waste gas by spray adsorption combined process Li Jingwang（Tianjin Changlu Fluorochemicals Research Institute Co.，Ltd.，Tianjin 300350，China）Abstract：The treatment of the gaseous fluorides resulting from industrial production process through alkali solution spraying strengthened by the oxidation of micro/nanometer ozone.The results showed that the presence of micro/nanometer ozone in the alkali solution could decrease obviously the concentration of organics，and the COD removal rate could reach 62%，which exhibited the superior decomposition performance for organic compounds containing fluorine.The process of alkali solution spraying strengthened by the oxidation of micro/nanometer ozone combined with activated carbon adsorption can remove efficiently inorganic and organic compounds containing fluorine，and the purification efficiency of gaseous fluorides is higher than 95%.After the treatment，the concentration of total gaseous fluorides is below 5mg/m³ in exhaust gas，which can meet the requirement of the discharge standards.This process have the advantages of simple structure，convenient operation and stable and efficient system.Key words：Micro nano ozone oxidation;Liquid alkali absorption;Activated carbon adsorption;Fluoride目前，含氟廢气的处理方法主要包括碱液吸收和吸附净化两种方法。
酸浸液中回收钪研究进展
河南科技Henan Science and Technology化工与材料工程总第812期第18期2023年9月收稿日期：2023-08-31作者简介：王嘉雍（1992—），女，硕士，中级工程师，研究方向：稀散金属提取。
酸浸液中回收钪研究进展王嘉雍1何艺2邹德勋3薛攀1李丽娜1（1.龙佰集团股份有限公司，河南焦作454191；2.生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心，北京100029；3.北京化工大学化学工程学院，北京100029）摘要：【目的】Sc 的独立矿物很少，即使是钪的独立矿床，钪的品位也不高。
因此，Sc 的分离回收成为近年来的研究热点。
【方法】本研究综述了从各种二次资源酸浸液中分离提纯Sc 的方法，包括溶剂萃取、离子交换、液膜分离，总结了3种方法分离回收Sc 的优缺点。
【结果】酸性和中性有机磷萃取剂在实践中应用最广泛，萃取效率高，缺点在于酸性条件下反萃率只有20%，需要用碱或者氟化物反萃。
相比于溶剂萃取法，采用离子交换技术从杂质含量低的酸浸液中回收低浓度Sc 时存在经济优势。
但是，离子交换法不适合从杂质含量高的酸浸液中回收低浓度Sc ，因为酸浸液中的杂质会降低树脂的有效性。
液膜萃取法更适用于钪的预浓缩，但是乳液本身的不稳定性，会导致进水和出水重新混合。
【结论】通过对这三种方法的比较，为酸浸液中回收Sc 提供了参考与借鉴。
酸浸液中Sc 浓度过低时，先采用液膜萃取法进行预浓缩，再用溶剂萃取技术分离提纯。
酸浸液中杂质金属离子浓度较低时，采用离子交换树脂提取Sc 。
关键词：钪；萃取；离子交换；液膜萃取中图分类号：TF845.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2023）18-0090-05DOI ：10.19968/ki.hnkj.1003-5168.2023.18.019Research Progress in the Recovery of Scandium from Acid LeachingSolutionWANG Jiayong 1HE Yi 2ZOU Dexun 3XUE Pan 1LI Lina 1（1.LB Group Co.,Ltd.,Jiaozuo 454191,China;2.Solids Wasteand Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China;3.College of Chemical Engineering ，Beijing University ofChemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China ）Abstract:[Purposes ]Sc has few independent minerals.Even if it is an independent deposit of scandium,the grade of scandium is not high.Therefore,the separation and recovery of Sc has become a research hotspot in recent years.[Mehtods ]The technologies of solvent extraction,ion exchange,and liquid mem⁃brane for the separation and purifification of scandium from secondary resources acid leaching solution are reviewed.This article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of three methods for separatingand recovering Sc.[Findings ]Acidic and neutral organo-phosphorus extractants are most widely used inpractice,with high extraction efficiencies.The disadvantage is that the stripping rate is only 20%under acidic conditions,requiring the use of alkali or fluoride for pared to solvent extraction,us⁃ing ion exchange technology to recover low concentration Sc from acid leaching solution with low impu⁃rity content has economic advantages.However,ion exchange methods are not suitable for recovering lowconcentrations of Sc from acid leaching solutions with high impurity content,as impurities in the acidleaching solution can reduce the effectiveness of the resin.The liquid membrane extraction method is more suitable for the preconcentration of scandium,but the instability of the lotion itself will lead to the re mixing of water inlet and water outlet.[Conclusions]The comparison of these three methods provides reference and reference for the recovery of Sc from acid leaching solution.Under the low concentration of Sc in the acid leaching solution,liquid membrane extraction method is first used for pre concentration, and then solvent extraction technology is used for separation and purification.When the concentration of impurity metal ions in the acid leaching solution is low,ion exchange resin is used to extract Sc. Keywords:Scandium;extraction;ion exchange;liquid membrane extraction0引言在稀土元素中，钪极为罕见，其分离提纯工艺复杂。
铁铜氢氧化钠原电池电极反应
铁铜氢氧化钠原电池电极反应铁铜氢氧化钠原电池是一种化学电池，通过将氢氧化钠溶液中的铁离子和铜离子进行氧化还原反应来产生电能。
在该电池中，铁和铜分别充当负极和正极，而氢氧化钠溶液则充当电解质。
下面是铁铜氢氧化钠原电池的电极反应及相关参考内容。
铁离子在溶液中被氧化为铁离子，反应式如下：Fe(s) → Fe2+(aq) + 2e-这个反应的标准电势为-0.44V。
具体的反应机理和动力学过程可以参考以下参考文献：1. T.N. Veziroğlu, et al. Electrochemical studies of a zinc/iron ion battery, Journal of Power Sources 11 (1984) 37-45.这篇论文研究了铁离子在锌/铁离子电池中的电化学性质，探讨了铁离子的氧化还原反应机理和动力学过程。
2. Robert A. Huggins, et al. Electrochemistry of iron in aqueous alkaline electrolytes, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 44 (1973) 313-322.这篇论文详细研究了铁在碱性电解质中的电化学行为，包括铁在不同电位下的氧化还原过程及其动力学特性。
铜离子在溶液中被还原为铜离子，反应式如下：Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)这个反应的标准电势为0.34V。
相关的反应机理和动力学过程可以参考以下参考文献：1. P. Xiao, et al. The electrochemical behavior of copper inaqueous alkali solution, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 134 (1987) 2439-2444.这篇论文研究了铜在碱性溶液中的电化学行为，包括铜离子的还原过程及其机理。
中毒脱硝催化剂氟法洗涤再利用及其活化机制
Reutilization of toxic denitration selective catalytic reduction catalyst by fluoride washing and its activation mechanism
YANG Liu1，LI Ke-zhi1，ZHOU Guang-hu2，WANG Bo1，REN Jing1， MENG Fan-li3，ZHANG Xin-jun3，GUI Jian-zhou2
0.1 g 样品于内径 8 mm 石英管反应器中。控制反应器
流量为 100 mL/min，气体组分（体积分数）为：0.05%
NO、0.055% NH3、2% O2，N2 作为平衡气 。测 试时 ，在
150 ~ 600 益区间进行测试，每个测试点平衡 30 min。采
用在线气相红外检测器（DX4000，GASMET）对气体进
第 40 卷 第 3 期 圆园21 年 6 月
天津工业大学学报 允韵哉砸晕粤蕴 韵云 栽陨粤晕GONG 哉晕陨灾耘砸杂陨栽再
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1671-024x.2021.03.009
Vol.40 No.3 June 2021
中毒脱硝催化剂氟法洗涤再利用及其活化机制
杨 柳 1，李柯志 1，周光虎 2，王 博 1，任 靖 1，孟凡立 3，张新军 3，桂建舟 2
Key words：denitration（DeNOx）；selective catalytic reduction（SCR）；toxic；fluoride washing
收稿日期：2021-01-27 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（U2002212）；中国石化催化剂有限公司科学技术研究开发项目（SCC-B-2020-011）。 第一作者：杨 柳（1973—），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为催化剂制备技术及废剂利用。 通信作者：李柯志（1991—），男，博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为环境催化及催化剂制备技术。E-mail：likzh.chji@。
ABO3型钙钛矿超级电容器
ABO3型钙钛矿超级电容器摘要：面对环境污染，寻找新清洁能源显得尤为重要。
超级电容器已有五十多年的历史，其因充放电速率快，循环寿命长，功率密度高而被认为是潜在的储能系统之一，具有广阔的应用前景。
近年来钙钛矿型氧化物（ABO3）材料因其良好的导电性能以及电化学性能，在离子溶液中其可以通过氧插入机理发生原为的可逆氧化还原反应，而被广泛应用于超级电容器电极材料中。
本文对ABO3型钙钛矿在未来超级电容器商业使用中的应用进行了初步探究。
关键词：超级电容器；钙钛矿；电化学性能近十年来，钙钛矿型氧化物(ABO3，A=La，Sr，Bi等；B=Ru，Fe，Mn，Ni，Co等)已被报道为超级电容器的潜在电极材料。
然而，大多数已报道的钙钛矿氧化物候选物仍表现出较低的比电容/容量、较低的速率行为或不满意的循环稳定性，限制了它们的进一步应用。
因此，探索具有优良电化学性能的新型钙钛矿候选材料对超级电容器的研究仍然具有重要的意义。
1.超级电容器器件超级电容器，又称电化学电容器，已经有五十多年的历史，被认为是除电池外的潜在储能系统之一。
与传统电容器相比，超级电容器可以存储更多的能量（单位质量或体积），因为电荷分离发生在构成电极和相邻电解质之间双电层中的很小的距离上；超级电容器可以在高比表面积电极材料中由大量孔隙所产生的高度扩展的电极表面积上存储更多的电荷。
能量储存机制本身非常迅速，因为它只涉及离子在电极表面的运动。
在重复充放电循环中，超级电容器具有很高的可逆性，循环寿命大都可超过50万次。
循环寿命长久和良好的稳定性使得超级电容器在电动汽车中诸如轻量级电子熔断器、计算器和数字卡尺的备用电源、浪涌发电量等应用中非常有用。
在这些应用中，超级电容器是电池的免维护替代品。
超级电容器器件的电容在很大程度上取决于电极材料的特性，特别是比表面积和孔径分布。
超级电容器的工作电压通常取决于电解质的稳定性。
含有溶解季铵盐的碳酸丙烯酯或乙腈等非水电解质混合物已被应用于许多商业超级电容器中。
有机氟化物 综述
Fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transitionmetal catalysis. The most of the challenge is the formation of the parent C-F bond. Lack generality, predictability, practicality，and costefficiency.
To improve gradually day by day！
1. Fluorination
1.1. Electrophilic Fluorination
1.1.2. Electrophilic Fluorination for the Synthesis of Fluorinated sp3 Carbon Centers 1.1.2.4. Fluorination by a Radical Mechanism The N-F bonds in electrophilic fluorinating reagents have relatively low bonddissociation energies an alkyl radical during the reaction was demonstrated
Redox synergy of the multiple metallic centers.
Toxic aryl stannanes was used. Displays the broadest substrate scope and functional group tolerance
PMT 资料
2
ELECTRON MULTIPLIER
The electron multiplier consists of 8 to 19 stages of electrodes called dynodes. Dynodes type：八种类型
3
4
SPECTRAL RESPONSE The photocathode of a photomultiplier tube converts energy from incident light into electrons. The conversion efficiency (photocathode sensitivity) varies with the wavelength of the incident light. This relationship between photocathode sensitivity and wavelength is called the spectral response characteristic The spectral response on long wavelengths is determined by the photocathode material and on short wave-lengths by the window material. 取决于光阴极和观察窗的材料
铝材英语术语
铝锭aluminum ingot包装材料Packaging Material包装设备packaging equipment表面处理设备Surface Treatment Equipment 表面预处理surface pretreatment冰晶石cryolite薄铝片aluminum foil彩铝板colored Aluminum plate槽型铝材aluminum channel超高铝制烟囱aluminum skyscraper超声波清洗ultrasonic clesning成型薄铝板aluminum profile sheet成型薄铝板aluminum profiled sheet成型铝板aluminum profile panel成型铝板aluminum profiled panel除灰desmutting纯碱alkali纯铝板pure Aluminum plate磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment磁性上辊magnetic roller催化剂catalyzer打渣剂fluxing medium 带式磨光belt grinding氮化铝aluminum nitride道路照明铝制电杆aluminum street lighting column电镀electroplating电解electrolysis电解浸蚀electrolytic etching电解滤液electrolyse filtrate电解铝electrolyse aluminum电解抛光electroplishing电解液electorlyte电解增光electrobrightening电流密度current density电流效率current efficiency镀铝aluminum plating缎面处理satin finishing锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper锻制铝合金aluminum wrought alloy多孔铝制天花板aluminum perforated ceiling矾土水泥aluminum cement防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint防蚀铝线alumite wire防雨铝板aluminum flashing废铝aluminium 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coke浸蚀etching精拉铝管finishing Aluminum tube精炼剂refining agent净化设备Purifying Equipment卷开铝质百叶窗aluminum rolling shutter 冷轧设备Cold-rolled Equipment临界电流密度critical current density硫酸铝aluminum sulphate硫酸铝aluminum sulphate sulfate楼面铝aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring finish 滤清油filtering oil铝百叶aluminum shutter铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet铝板放护板aluminum slatted blind铝板隔墙aluminum partition 铝板卷开百叶窗aluminum slatted rollor blink铝板条aluminum strip铝板贴面吸声天花板aluminum absorbent ceiling铝板屋顶aluminum deck/deck roof铝板屋面aluminum sheet roof铝板屋面aluminum sheeting roof铝棒Aluminum stick/rod铝包皮aluminum skin铝标牌aluminium scutcheon铝箔Aluminum foil铝箔背衬aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热aluminum foil insertion铝箔制品Aluminum foil products铝材aluminum product铝仓筒aluminum silo铝车身aluminum body铝衬裹aluminum lining铝窗格aluminum grid铝窗框aluminum sash铝窗装置aluminum window furniture铝打底涂料aluminum primer铝带/铝条Aluminum strip铝电极法aluminum electrode method铝电解设备aluminium electrolysis Equipment铝电解设备Aluminum electrolyse Equipment铝钉aluminum nail铝顶板构件aluminum deck unit铝锭Aluminum Ingot铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝锻件Aluminum forge铝矾土bauxite铝粉Aluminum powder铝扶手aluminum railing铝盖Aluminum cover铝钢aluminum steel铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝管Aluminum pipe/tube铝管避雷器aluminium cell lightning arrester铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate铝轨aluminum track 铝辊式破碎机aluminum rolling plant铝焊料aluminum solder铝焊料aluminum solder铝焊条aluminum welding rod铝合金Aluminum alloy铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink unit铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝化合物aluminum compound铝化荧光屏aluminized screen铝黄铜aluminum brass铝黄铜aluminum brass铝基硅镁合金anticorodal铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝挤压型材：Aluminum Extrusion 或Aluminium Extrusion铝结构型材aluminum section铝结构型材aluminum shape铝结构型材aluminum trim铝金aluminum gold铝卷Aluminum roll铝矿aluminum ore铝雷管aluminum blasting cap铝雷管aluminum cap铝梁aluminum beam铝檩条aluminum purlin铝轮毂aluminum wheel spider/hub铝螺丝aluminum screw铝铆钉aluminum rivet铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝门窗Aluminum Doors & Windows铝门拉手aluminum pull铝门拉手aluminum pull handle铝密封alumiseal铝密封垫圈aluminum gasket铝模aluminum mould铝模板aluminum shuttering铝木组合结构aluminum wood composite system铝幕墙Aluminum curtain wall铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝皮镶面aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面aluminum sheet lining铝皮镶面aluminum sheet surface 铝片sheet aluminium铝铺面aluminum surfacing铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝砌合屋顶屋面aluminum bonded roof covering铝墙板aluminum siding铝墙纸aluminum wallpaper铝桥aluminum bridge铝青铜aluminum bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料aluminum bronze paint铝曲管bended aluminium tube铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热焊aluminothermic welding铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝熔炼厂aluminum smelting plant铝砂aloxite铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling铝石砖alundum tile铝饰镶面aluminum facing铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝塑板Aluminum plastic board铝酸aluminic acid铝酸盐aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝梯Aluminum stairs铝天花Aluminum ceiling铝铁aluminum iron铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝涂料aluminum paint铝土矿alumyte铝网aluminum mesh铝纤维aluminum wool铝线Aluminum thread/wire铝箱Aluminum trunk铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝心电缆aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套aluminum cable sheath铝芯电缆aluminum conductor铝型材：Aluminium Profile 或Aluminum profile铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould 铝型材生产工艺中常用到的专业术语：铝颜料aluminum pigment铝氧粉alundum铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝圆片Aluminum wafer铝皂aluminum soap铝皂润滑脂aluminum grease铝支承结构aluminum bearing structure铝支柱底板aluminum outrigger base铝指板aluminum finger plate铝制波纹构件aluminum corrugated unit铝制波纹片aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材aluminum corrugated section 铝制玻璃格条aluminum patent glazing bar 铝制扶手aluminum hand railing铝制格栅aluminum grille铝制过梁aluminum lintel铝制建筑板材aluminum building sheet铝制建筑板材aluminum sheet铝制建筑构件aluminum building member 铝制建筑构件aluminum building unit铝制建筑构件aluminum component铝制建筑构件aluminum member铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝制建筑外门aluminum building entrance door铝制建筑外门aluminum entrance door铝制建筑制品aluminum building product铝制铰链aluminum hinge铝制结构立面aluminum facade铝制结构立面aluminum front铝制卷板条aluminum rolling slat铝制框架aluminum frame铝制模板aluminum form铝制模板aluminum form work铝制品Aluminum products铝制器皿aluminium ware铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制围栏aluminum fence铝制屋顶aluminum roofing铝制小五金aluminum fillings铝制小五金aluminum hardware铝制檐沟aluminum eave gutter/ trought 铝制遮阳板aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板aluminum sunbreaker铝制折板屋顶aluminum folded plate roof铝制支架底板aluminum stabilizer base铝柱aluminum post铝铸件Aluminum casting铝铸件aluminium castings铝装饰型材aluminum decorative section铝装饰型材aluminum ornamental section氯化铝aluminum chloride镁助熔剂eliminate magnesium flux门窗幕墙设备Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment密封铝皮aluminum seal/sealing sheeting明矾石alumite明矾石alumstone磨光grinding耐火材料refractory material耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy抛光polishing抛光剂polishing composition抛光设备polishing unit喷玻璃丸glass bead blasting喷磨abrasive blasting喷砂sand blasting喷涂设备spraying equipment喷丸shot blasting其他others气体发生设备gas generation equipment气体发生设备Gas processing Equipment 铅制结构正面aluminum face切割设备cutting apparatus切割设备Cutting Equipment氢氧化铝aluminum hydrate氢氧化铝Hydrogen alumina清洗cleaning清洗设备cleaning equipment去磁器demagnetizer去离子作用deionization去氧化物处理deoxidizing热轧设备Heat-rolled Equipment熔剂油flux oil熔炼焊剂smelting flux熔铸设备Founding Equipment 乳烛液脱脂emulsion degreasing软铝棉aluminum soft wool软轮抛光buffing散热器Radiator伸缩铝管extension Aluminum tube渗铝aluminizing石灰石limestone刷光brushing双开式弹簧铝门aluminum swing door 水洗rinsing酸洗pickling添加剂additive铁分离器iron separator涂层设备Coating equipment涂料coating推拉式铝门aluminum sliding door脱膜stripping脱脂degreasing无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE)硝酸铝aluminum nitrate锌铝aluminum zinc型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment絮凝flocculate絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture压延设备Plain Rolled Equipment压铸铝aluminum die casting亚光处理matte finnishing阳极anode阳极效率anode efficiency阳极氧化anodic oxidation阳极氧化复合膜combined anodic coating阳极氧化膜anodic oxide coating阳极氧化膜再活化reactivation (of an anodic oxide coating)氧化铝alumina ，aluminum oxide氧化铝板alumite tile氧化锌zinc oxide液碱液压油hydraulic liquid/medium阴极cathode银粉漆涂层aluminum paint coating银灰漆aluminum paste硬铝板duralumin sheet硬脂酸铝aluminum stearate 有机聚合物喷涂膜spraying coating有机溶剂脱脂organic solvent degreasing有效面significant surface原辅材料Raw Materials原铝virgin Aluminum增光brightening振动筛vibration sieve整型机integer machine纸板paperboard纸管paper tube纸制品paper products铸铝aluminum casting铸铝合金aluminum casting alloy铸扎设备Founding Equipment自然氧化natural oxidation香槟Champagne银白silvery white不锈钢色the color of stainless steel古铜色bronze金黄色golden yellow铝材aluminum profile氧化电泳铝材anodizing & electrophoresis profiles佛山耀银山铝业有限公司：FOSHAN YAOYINSHAN ALUMINIUM CO., LTD.铝合金建筑型材：wrought aluminium alloy extrude profiles for architecture阳极氧化型材：anodized colored profiles中国有色金属协会：CHINA NONFORROUS METALS ASSOCIATION电泳涂漆型材：electrophoretic coating profiles粉末喷漆型材：powder coating profiles Domicile:BaShi Industrial Area,Genghe Town Gaoming District,FoshanCity,。