必修1,2 定语从句

一．定语从句的定义1. 定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修饰句中的某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面.(定语从句有时候还可以修饰一个句子,)2. 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词, 他们的作用：(1)引导作用(2)替代(先行词)作用(3)在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）关系副词：where, when, why在从句中作状语e.g. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.who引导定语从句并代替先行词the boy在定语从句中充当broke的主语ａ.关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系及其选择定语从句关系词的选择取决于先行词（被修饰词）在定语从句中的位置、成分。

（1） why先行词是表示原因的名词（reason）,关系词在从句中做原因状语表示原因（2） where 先行词是表示地点的名词,关系词在从句中做地点状语表示地点（3） when先行词是表示时间的名词,关系词在从句中做时间状语表示时间e.g. That is the reason why he was late.This is the school where I have studied for three years.I will always remember the day when I saw you.3.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确,它对主句起到限制作用。

非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它对主句起进行补充说明，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

如果先行词是专有名词或独一无二的事物，我们一般要用非限制定语从句。

e.g. This is the house which we bought last month.（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性）二．注意事项：1.只能用which不能用that的情况:①引导非限制性定语从句②先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置, 即当关系词紧跟在介词后面时,e.g. This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.==This is the house which/that Lu Xun lived in.2.只能用whom不能用who的情况:①先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置,如e.g. Tom is the boy with whom I have talked with.==Tom is the boy who/whom I have talked with.3.关系代词必须用that的情形：①当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen.②当先行词被序数词修饰e.g. The first car that arrived at the destination was driven by John.③当先行词被the only, the very等修饰e.g. This is the only ticket that I got yesterday.This is the very book that I’m looking for.④先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little(少量,一些), much等修饰时：e.g. I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.⑤当先行词为all, much, little(少量,一些), few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，或者是在there be句型中. e.g. Is there anything that I can do for you?All that you have to do is to press the button.There is no time that we can waste.⑥当先行词既指人又指物时e.g. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时：e.g. Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.4.定语从句中如果先行词是the way, 关系词常用in which, that或省略5.关系代词和关系副词及其容易混用的情况1. This is the factory ______ I once worked.where2. This is the factory ______ I’ve visited.that/which3. The day __________ I always remember is Oct.1.that/which4. The day ______ Nanjing was liberated is Sep.11.when5. The reason _____ he hasn’t come is that he has been ill.why6. Don’t believe the reason _____ he give you.that【注意】当表示时间,地点, 原因的名词, day, time, place, factory , reason等作先行词，在定语从句中作状语时，用when, where ,why；在从句中作主语或宾语时，就用that或which.三. 介词+ 关系代词的情况当我们在用带有介词的定语从句时，我们有两种选择，介词放在关系代词前或者是放在定语从句中。

如：1）The woman who/whom Spielberg is married to is an actress.The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress.2）The painting at which I looked was painted by Vincent van Gogh.The painting which I looked at was painted by Vincent van Gogh.那么如何选择介词呢：1).介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配.e.g. The farm _______I once worked has taken on a new look.on which2).介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配．e.g. Who is the man ________our teacher is shaking hands?with whom3).介词与从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的搭配．e.g. Ours is a beautiful country, _______we are greatly proud. of which4).表示“所有格”或“整体中的部分” 时，用介词of．e.g. There are over one thousand workers in the factory, 80 percent ________ arewomen.of whom练习1：关系副词或者是介词+关系代词填空1）In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ she could turn for help. 2）When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ________you have any questions.3）Barcelona is the city _____ the 25th Summer Olympic were held.1. to whom（turn to sb. for help 向某人求助）2. where3. where/in which练习2: 用介词+关系代词填空1. Do you like the book she spent $10?2. Do you like the book ________she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot?4. Do you like the book she often talks?5. He built a telescope(望远镜) he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, ________ stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ____________ is the Yellow River.8. The tower __________ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ________ hadn’t beencleaned for at least a year.1．on which 2．for which 3．from which 4．about which 5．through which 6.under which 7. of which 8. from which 9. to whom 10. of which 四．as 引导的非限制性定语从句比较并发现：The earth is round._____ is known to all.ItThe earth is round,_____ is known to all.which/ as_____ is known to all, the earth is round。