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新人教版高中英语必修二unit2基础知识点专项训练题

新人教版高中英语必修二unit2基础知识点专项训练题

新人教版高中英语必修二unit2基础知识点专项训练题一、单项填空1.I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ________.A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business2.The brave man was greatly honoured when the organizer announced, “You________ a medal!”A. Preserve B. expect C. deserve D. reserve3.With the popularity of network, email has largely ________ the traditional letter.A. Exchanged B. removed C. expanded D. replaced4.The company provides a telephone service free of ________ charge and you can dial to find out how you should pay ________ charge for what you ordered.A. /; / B. /; a C. a; the D. /; the5.—More than thirty students competed ________ each other in the English competition.—But they could only compete ________ three medals.A. against; with B. against; on C. with; for D. on; for6.Little Tom admitted ________ in the examination, ________ that he wouldn't do that in future.A. to cheat; to promise B. cheating; promisedC. having cheated; promising D. to have cheated; promised7.—Next week I will go to a job interview. Will you give me some suggestions?—Smiling is a great way to make yourself ________.A. stand out B. turn out C. work out D. pick out8.Our football team will compete against the Japanese team this evening. Let's go and ________ them ________,shall we?A. cheer; up B. join; in C. add; up D. pick; up9.You ________ as well do this now, for you will have to do it sooner or later.A. Need B. must C. can D. may10.He has been acting very strangely these days.I can't ________ his actions at all.A. ask for B. apply for C. call for D. stand for11.—I'd like to go to see the film with you, Dad.—Sorry, my son, but only the grown­ups are________into the cinema.A. required B. intended C. admitted D. supposed12.How much would you________for repairing my bike?A. Pay B. take C. cost D. charge13.It________that you didn't go to the cinema. The film was so boring.A. is just as well B. might be as well C. had better D. is as well as talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And everyone, who watches them________, knows that each one is different in style.A. Regularly B. generally C. patiently D. normally15.Do more than others expect you to do and take______to do it.A. Troubles B. pains C. efforts D. attempts16.You needn't write on________line. You can write on______line.A. every; every B. every; every otherC. every other; every other D. every; each second17.When he first got to Britain, he didn't like the changeable weather, but gradually he________it.A. got tired from B. was used toC. was fond of D. got used to18.Mr Smith never does any reading in the evening;________.A. so does Mrs Smith B. neither doesn't tooC. nor does Mrs Smith D. nor Mrs Smith does19.________the global financial crisis, the Chinese government has taken many measures ________ people's life to deal with it.A. Facing with; related B. Faced; relating toC. Faced with; relating D. Facing; related to20.It is a real bargain. I________when I was traveling in Beijing.A. put it up B. took it up C. made it up D. picked it up21.It is________of you to cooperate with such a bad man.A. clever B. foolish C. cruel D. kind22.Unfortunately, the badly injured people in the serious accident died________.A. each other B. one after another C. one after one D. one another23.Most of the students are making good progress, but Michael is a________one. A. Hopeless B. useless C. endless D. helpless24.He________to be locked up forever for what he did.A. Demands B. deserves C. predicts D. presents25.Remember that customers don't______prices in that city.A. bargain with B. bargain about C. quarrel about D. argue about26.________that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business27.My uncle________until he was forty.A. Married B. didn't marry C. was not marrying D. would marry28.The old man was very tired, so he stopped________.A. to work B. himself from working C. to take a rest D. from work 29.Your suggestion deserves________. Please choose the wrong answer.A. Considering B. to be considered C. being considered D. consideration 30.—I like to surf the Internet but I don't like to watch TV.—________.A. So do I B. Nor do I C. As do I D. So it is with me31.The girl has been doing well in her work, and she ________ to be promoted. A. Admits B. permits C. deserves D. decides32.After the operation, the patient is supposed to go to the hospital for ________ checks every month.A. Common B. normal C. regular D. usual33.Mr.Brown's Chinese has been improving ________ since he worked in a Chinese company.A. now and then B. little by little C. side by side D. one after another34.Before leaving the shop, customers are asked to make sure that they ________ the right change.A. will give B. will be given C. have given D. have been given35.So severe was the earthquake ________ the country had to start a huge rescue operation.A. And B. so C. that D. as36.—More than thirty students competed ________ each other in the English competition.—But they could only compete ________ three medals.A. against; with B. against; on C. with; for D. on; for37.—I bought this MP4 for only 300 yuan.—You really got a wonderful ________.A. Price B. bargain C. gift D. value38.Little Tom admitted ________ in the examination, ________ that he wouldn't do that in future.A. to cheat; to promise B. cheating; promisedC. having cheated; promising D. to have cheated; promised39.—You seemed to be deeply struck by his skill.—Not exactly.It was his courage ________ his skill that really struck me most.A. Rather B. as well as C. but also D. not as40.Up went prices,and________.A. came down the living standard B. the living standard came downC. down came the living standard D. down the living standard came41.The selfless village doctor treated whoever came to his family without any________. A. Charge B. money C. cost D. price42.—I'm sorry I can't accept ________ price offered.—Well, I'm sure you can't find ________ better bargain.A. the;a B. a;the C. a;a D. the;the43.We ________ to be treated respectfully as we have been invited as honoured guests. A. Need B. require C. deserve D. demand44.I believe that the water________soon.A. will be taken in B. be taken in C. will be taken D. taken in45.It is said that a new robot________by him in a few days.A. Designed B. has been designed C. will be designed D. will have been designed 46.The Olympic Games ________every four years.A. is going to hold B. will hold C. is going to be held D. are to be held47.I was so nervous that I________throwing something at him.A. Felt B. felt like C. wanted to D. would like to48.The exciting golf________made them excited.A. Sport B. games C. race D. match49.The harder you________, the better progress you________.A. will work;will make B. work;have madeC. work;will make D. will work;make50.Make sure that the windows ________before you________.A. are shut;leave B. were shut;leaveC. will be shut;left D. have been shut;left51.She wants to marry her daughter________a rich man.A. To B. with C. at D. of52.I'll________on the corner at three o'clock.Don't be late.A. pick up you B. pick you up C. pick you off D. pick you out53.If you are discovered smoking you ________.A. will fine B. will be fined C. have been fined D. are fined54.He says that a great party________next week in honor of the 30th Olympic Games. A. will be held B. is held C. had been held D. would be held55.I don't know when he________to work in that small village, perhaps next year. A. was sent B. will be sent C. has been sent D. sent56.Don't you know that our school________next year?A. is rebuilt B. is being rebuilt C. is going to be rebuilt D. has been rebuilt 57.A park________in the neighbourhood. Then people living in it will be very happy. A. will be set up B. is set up C. has set up D. was set up58.Another five volunteers________to take care of the homeless children this week. A. will select B. have selected C. will be selected D. had been selected59.You________around our school this afternoon. Now, please have a good rest. A. are shown B. were shown C. are going to be shown D. will show二、单句语法填空1.We can compete_______students from other universities in the game.2.China is taking an active part _____helping to settle the global warming problems. 3.As we all know,the olive branch stands_______peace.4.The old man goes to see his doctor on Sunday________(regular).5.________(admit) into a key university,the girl was very excited.6.It is your_______________(responsible) to lock the doors.7.It was on Monday_________I met my classmate in the railway station.8.Her words had a______(magic) effect on us.9.To build the house needs as much water_________to build the road of this distance. 10.The professor gave an answer to my letter_________(swift).三.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.In the end the girl has got as more as she expected.2.—It’s said that she has won the first prize.—So she does.3.Because his company was closed down,his rich life was replaced a poor one. 4.Wives still take most of the responsibility of the children.5.He writes his own songs and he plays the guitar as well as.6.It was in the village where he met the lovely girl.7.It was in 2017 when the young girl was admitted into the key university.8.It is said that the company is in charge of a young foreigner.9.In my opinion,it’s foolish for you to waste your spare time on it.10.The teacher said that the girl’s suggestion deserved be considered. 11.The tourists were bargaining with the salesgirl of the price.12.The father was such angry that he didn’t allow his son to go out that Sunday. 13.The rainforest will be not destroyed here.14.When is a new road going to built around the lake?15.You can't leave until all the work will be finished.16.The houses will be to be pulled down for a new stadium.17.The workers will be get paid before the end of this year.18.He will be in the charge of the company while the manager is away.答案解析BCDDC CAADD CDAAB BDCDDBBABB BBCCD CCBDC CBCBCAACAC DBDCA ABBAB CACC【答案】1.with/against 2.in 3.for 4.regularly 5.Admitted 6.responsibility 7.that 8.magical 9.as 10.swiftly1.be not→not be 2.to后加be 3.will be→is 4.去掉be to 5.去掉be或get 6.去掉in后的the 。

高中英语必修二课文语法填空(含参考答案)

高中英语必修二课文语法填空(含参考答案)

高中英语必修二课文语法填空Unit 1 Cultural RelicsIn September, 1941 the Nazi 1 (Germany)army was near St Petersburg. This was a time 2 the two countries were at war. However, before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were only able 3 (remove) the furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. But some of the Nazis secretly stole the Amber Room itself. In less than two days, 100,000 pieces of the room were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt 4 the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what really happened to the Amber Room 5 (remain) a mystery.While the search for the old room continues, the 6 (Russian) and Germans have built 7 new Amber Room at the summer palace. 8 (follow) old photos, the new room has been made to look much like the old one. In the spring of 2003, it 9 (be) ready for the people of St Petersburg 10 (celebrate) the 300th birthday of their city.Unit 2 The Olympic GamesAtlanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece. 1 she was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games. She was 2 angry that she said to her father she would not 3 (marry) anyone who could not run faster than her. Her father said she must marry and asked her whether she wanted to marry a king or prince. But Atlanta replied, “I will only be married to a man 4 can run faster than me. When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run against him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he will 5 (kill). No one will be pardoned.”Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta but when they heard of her rules, some of them 6 (sad) went home. Other men stayed to run the race. There wasa man 7 (call) Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atlanta’s rules. “Why are these men so 8 (fool)? Why will they let 9 (they) be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess?” Then when he saw Atlanta come out of her house 10 (run), Hippomenes changed his mind. “I will marry Atlanta---- or die!” he said.Unit 3 ComputersNo one could recognize me after I got my new transistors 1 the 1960s.There were times when my size was 2 (total) changed. I was small and thin but I got cleverer and cleverer, quicker and quicker. My memory 3 (become) so large that I couldn’t believe 4 ! But I was always so lonely standing there by myself. Fortunately, they gave me a family 5 (connect) by a network. I could share information with 6 (other) and we could talk to each other. At the same time we learned to talk to humans using BASIC. I 7 (bring) into people’s homes in the 1970s. Since th en, my family 8 I were used by billions of people to deal with information and 9 (communication)with each other around the world by the Internet. I love being used to connect people who aren’t close enough to speak to each other. I have 10 (truth) been built to serve the human race since my birth.Unit 4 Wildlife ProtectionMany animals 1 (disappear) during the history of the earth. The 2 (famous) of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived on the earth tens of 3 (million) of years ago, long 4 humans came into being. There were many different species of dinosaur and several of them have been found in China. The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province, and not long ago a 5 (rarely)new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. The 6 (science) were surprised to find that they could run like other dinosaurs, but also climb trees. They could tell this from the way the bones were joined together.Dinosaurs died out quickly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it was after a large rock hit 7 earth and put too much dust into the air. Others think the earth got hot for the dinosaurs 8 (live) on any more. Nobody knows for sure. In the same way there are animals 9 have died out more recently and no one 10 (know) why. Listen to the story about the dodo, an animal that has disappeared from the earth.Unit 5 MusicThere was one band called “The Monkees” that started in a different way. It began as a TV show. The musicians of the band were to play 1 (joke) on each other as well as played music. Their music and jokes were based loosely 2 the band called “The Beatles”. The TV organizers had planed to find four musicians 3 could actually act as well as sing. They put an advertisement in a newspaper 4 (look) for rock musicians, but they could only find one that was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of 5 band.Anyhow, Their attractive performances 6 (copy) by other groups and their fans supported them fiercely. Each week the band that was called “The Monkees” would play a song or two 7 (write) by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, “The Monkees” started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. They became even more popular than “The Beatles” in the USA and8 (sell) even more records. However, the band broke up about 1970, but 9 (happy) they reunited in the mid-1980s. They 10 (production) a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.参考答案Unit11. German2.when3. to remove4.that5.remains6. Russians7.a8.Following9.was 10.to celebrate Unit21.But2.so3.marry4.who5.be killed6.sadly7. called8.foolish9.themselves 10.to runUnit31. in2.totally3.became4.it5.connected6. others7.was brought8.and9.to communicate 10.trulyUnit41. have disappeared2.most famouslions4.before5.rare6. scientists7.the8.to live9.that/which 10.knowsUnit51. jokes2.on3.who/that4.looking5.the6. were copied7.written8.sold9.happily 10.produced。

必修2基础知识填空

必修2基础知识填空

第一章遗传因子的发现一、遗传学中常用概念及分析(1)性状:生物所表现出来的形态特征和生理特性。

:一种生物同一种性状的不同表现类型。

(兔的长毛和短毛;人的卷发和直发):杂种后代中,同时出现显性性状和隐性性状的现象。

(相同性状的亲代相交后,子代出现两种或以上的不同性状,如:Dd×Dd,子代出了D__及dd的两种性状。

红花相交后代有红花和白花两种性状。

)性性状:在DD×dd 杂交试验中,F1表现出来的性状;决定显性性状的为显性遗传因子(基因),用大写字母表示。

如高茎用D表示。

性性状:在DD×dd杂交试验中,F1未显现出来的性状(隐藏起来)。

决定隐性性状的为隐性基因,用小写字母表示,如矮茎用d表示。

(2):遗传因子(基因)组成相同的个体。

如DD或dd。

其特点纯合子是自交后代全为纯合子,无性状分离现象。

能稳定遗传(能做种子):遗传因子(基因)组成不同的个体。

如Dd。

其特点是杂合子自交后代出现性状分离现象。

(3):遗传因子组成不同的个体之间的相交方式。

(如:DD×dd Dd×dd DD×Dd)。

:遗传因子组成相同的个体之间的相交方式。

(如:DD×DD Dd×Dd):F1(待测个体)与隐性纯合子杂交的方式。

(如:Dd×dd ),正交和反交:二者是相对而言的,如甲(♀)×乙(♂)为正交,则甲(♂)×乙(♀)为反交;如甲(♂)×乙(♀)为正交,则甲()×乙()为反交。

(4):位于同源染色体相同的位置,并控制相对性状的基因。

(如D和d):染色体上不同位置控制不同性状的基因。

:生物个体表现出来的性状。

(如:豌豆的高茎和矮茎):与表现型有关的基因组成叫做基因型。

(如:高茎的豌豆的基因型是DD或Dd)(5)完全显性:基因只要有一个显性基因,就能使显性遗传性状完全显现出来。

即DD和Dd为相同性状(如DD和Dd均为红花)不完全显性:F1的性状表现介于显性和隐性的亲本之间。

高中生物人教新教材必修二长句表述类问题填空练习(附参考答案)

高中生物人教新教材必修二长句表述类问题填空练习(附参考答案)

高中生物必修二长句表述类问题填空班级考号姓名总分1.豌豆花传粉和受粉的特点:。

2.孟德尔一对相对性状的杂交实验中,实现3∶1的分离比必须同时满足的条件:。

3.判断控制某对相对性状的基因是否遵循基因自由组合定律的依据:。

4.有些转入抗盐基因的植物自交,其后代抗盐∶不抗盐=3∶1,另一些转入抗盐基因的植物自交,其后代抗盐∶不抗盐=15∶1,原因:。

5.与初级精母细胞相比,精细胞的染色体数目减半,原因是。

6.同源染色体联会的意义:。

7.观察细胞的减数分裂实验宜选用雄性个体生殖器官的原因:。

8.自由组合定律的实质:。

9.若基因型为AaBb的个体测交子代出现四种表型,其比例为44%∶6%∶6%∶44%,请解释出现这一结果的可能原因:。

10.萨顿提出基因在染色体上,他的依据是。

11.常用果蝇作为遗传学研究的材料的原因:。

12.一对表型不同的果蝇进行交配,得到的子一代果蝇中雌∶雄=2∶1,且雌蝇有两种表型,据此推测基因的位置及造成性别比例改变的可能原因:。

13.艾弗里及其同事进行了肺炎链球菌的转化实验,该实验最关键的实验设计思路:。

14.要获得32P(或35S)标记的噬菌体,必须用含32P(或35S)的大肠杆菌培养,而不能用含32P(或35S)的培养基培养,原因是。

15.对噬菌体进行同位素标记的大致过程:。

16.将一个噬菌体DNA分子的两条链用32P进行标记,并使其感染大肠杆菌,在不含有32P的培养基中培养一段时间。

若得到的所有噬菌体双链DNA分子都装配成噬菌体(n个)并释放,则其中含有32P的噬菌体所占比例为2/n,原因是,因此在得到的n个噬菌体中只有2个带标记。

17.生物学中,经常使用3H-TdR(3H标记的胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷)研究DNA合成情况,原理是,因此可根据放射性强度变化来判断DNA的合成情况。

18.DNA分子复制的意义:。

必修2遗传与进化知识清单(填空)

必修2遗传与进化知识清单(填空)

必修2知识清单第1章遗传因子的发现1、豌豆是植物,而且是授粉,也就是豌豆花在时,就已经完成了受粉,避免了外来花粉的干扰。

所以豌豆在下一般都是纯种。

2、两性花的花粉,落到同一朵花的上的过程叫做自花授粉,也叫。

豌豆花的结构很适合自花传粉。

3、两朵花之间的传粉过程叫做传粉。

供应花粉的植株叫(♂),接受花粉的植株叫做母本(♀)。

孟德尔在做杂交实验时,先除去未成熟花的全部雄蕊,这叫做。

然后,套上纸袋。

待雌蕊成熟时,采集另一植株的花粉,撒在去的柱头上,再套上纸袋。

4、豌豆植株还具有的性状。

例如,豌豆植株中有高茎、矮茎。

5、一种生物的性状的不同表现类型,叫做相对性状。

例如,豌豆种子的圆粒和皱粒。

6、孟德尔把F1中显现出来的性状,叫做,如高茎;未显现出来的性状,叫做隐性性状,如矮茎。

在杂种后代中,同时出现显性性状和隐性性状的现象叫做。

7、孟德尔针对豌豆的一对相对性状杂交实验,提出的“分离假设”:生物体在形成生殖细胞-配子时,彼此分离,分别进入不同的配子中。

配子中只含有每对遗传因子中的。

8、生物的性状是由决定的,其中决定的为显性遗传因子,用大写字母(如D)来表示,决定隐性性状的为,用小写字母(如d)来表示。

体细胞中是成对存在的。

遗传因子组成相同的个体叫做(如纯种高茎豌豆DD,纯种矮茎豌豆dd)。

遗传因子组成不同的个体叫做(如F1体细胞中的遗传因子Dd)。

受精时,雌雄配子的结合是。

9、性状分离比的模拟实验中,用甲、乙两个小桶分别代表,甲、乙小桶内的彩球分别代表,用不同彩球的随机组合,模拟生物在生殖过程中,雌性配子的。

10、假说-演绎法:在观察和分析基础上以后,通过推理和想象提出假说,根据假说进行,再通过演绎推理的结论。

如果实验结果与预期结论相符,就证明假说是正确的,反之,则说明假说是错误的。

11、孟德尔用实验验证了其“分离假设”是正确的。

测交实验:让F1与杂交。

12、孟德尔一对相对性状的实验结果及其解释,后人把它们归纳为定律,又称为分离定律:在生物的体细胞中,控制同一性状的遗传因子存在,不相;在形成配子时,发生分离,分离后的遗传因子分别进入不同的配子中,随配子遗传给后代。

必修2遗传与进化—教材填空

必修2遗传与进化—教材填空

必修2遗传与变异——教材填空1、豌豆是自花传粉植物,而且是闭花授粉,也就是豌豆花在未开放时,就已经完成了受粉,避免了外来花粉的干扰。

所以豌豆在自然状态下一般都是纯种。

2、两性花的花粉,落到同一朵花的雌蕊柱头上的过程叫做自花授粉,也叫自交。

豌豆花的结构很适合自花传粉。

3、两朵花之间的传粉过程叫做异花传粉。

孟德尔在做杂交实验时,先除去未成熟花的全部雄蕊,这叫做去雄。

然后,套上纸袋。

待雌蕊成熟时,采集另一植株的花粉,撒在去雄花的雌蕊的柱头上,再套上纸袋。

4、在杂种后代中,同时出现显性性状和隐性性状的现象叫做性状分离。

5、孟德尔针对豌豆的一对相对性状杂交实验提出的“分离假设”:生物体在形成配子时,成对的遗传因子彼此分离,分别进入不同的配子中。

配子中只含有每对遗传因子中的一个。

6、孟德尔用测交实验验证了其“分离假设”是正确的。

7、孟德尔一对相对性状的实验结构及其解释,后人把它们归纳为孟德尔第一定律,又称为分离定律:在生物的体细胞中,控制同一性状的遗传因子成对存在,不相融合;在形成配子时,成对的遗传因子发生分离,分离后的遗传因子分别进入不同的配子中,随配子遗传给后代。

8、孟德尔针对豌豆的两对相对性状杂交实验提出的“自由组合假设”:F1(YyRr)在产生配子时,每对遗传因子彼此分离,不同对的遗传因子可以自由组合。

这样F1产生的雌配子和雄配子各有4种:YR、Yr、yR、yr。

它们之间的数量比为1:1:1:1。

9、孟德尔用测交实验验证了其“自由组合假设”是正确的。

10、自由组合定律:控制不同性状的遗传因子的分离和组合是互不干扰的;在形成配子时,决定同一性状的成对的遗传因子彼此分离,决定不同性状的遗传因子自由组合。

11、控制相对性状的基因,叫做等位基因,如D和d。

12、任何哺乳动物的精子是在睾丸中形成的。

睾丸里有许多曲细精管。

曲细精管中有大量的精原细胞。

精原细胞是原始的雄性生殖细胞。

在减数第一次分裂前的间期,精原细胞的体积增大,染色复制,成为初级精母细胞。

高中英语完形填空(二)练习(含解析)新人教版必修2

高中英语完形填空(二)练习(含解析)新人教版必修2

完形填空(二)1、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

son. Likemother stared down at her dying son.Like any 1 she wanted her son to grow up and ?2all his dreams, which seemed no longer possible.?try. Takinge still wanted to try. Taking her son' s hand, the mother asked, “Bopsy, did you ever 3 what you wanted to be when you grew up?” Mommy, I 4 wan ted to be a fireman. v Mom smiled back and said, "Let' s see if we can make it come true. " ?She went to the local 5?? department, where she met Fireman Bob, who had a 6 heart. She 7 her son' s final wish and asked ?? 8 it might be possible to give her son a 9?? on a fire engine (消防车).?Bob said, "We' 11 10 fireman. Hefireman. He can eat with us and go out on all the fire ?? 11??? !Give us his ??? 12 ?? and we' 11 get a real fire uniform (制服)for him, with a real fire hat and rubber boots. ” ?Three days later Bob ?? 13?? Bopsy. That day Bopsy went out on three calls and rode on different fire engines. ?With all the love, ??14 and attention, Bopsy' s dream came true. He was so deeply ?? 15?? that he lived 3 months longer than ?? 16?? . The night before his death, the mother called Bob and wanted a 17 to be with Bopsy. About 5 minutes later, five firemen arrived as well as Bob.They were with Bopsy till his last 18??.?Each should learn from those who ?? 19?? love and help to those in great? 20?? unconditionally (无条件地).?1.A. womanB. familyC. parentD. memberA. realizeB. finishC. showD. express2.A.pick upB.think aboutC. think overD. pick outA. alwaysB. everC. seldomD. hardly3.A. shopB. fireC. hospitalD. schoolA. coldB. warmC. cruelD. healthy4.A. remindedB. explainedC. promised!), askedA. thatB. whenC. whereD. if5.A. rideB. tryC. truckD. chanceA. becomeB. chooseC. makeD. gain6. A. placesB. clothesC. fightsD. callsA.sizeB. ageC. hobbyD. job7. A. picked upB.took upC.put upD. woke upA. dutyB.protectionC. helpD. treatment8. A. puzzledB. movedC. excitedD. frightenedA. excusedB.explainedC. expressedD. expected9. A. firemanB. doctorC. leaderD. manA.hourB.minuteC. nightD. day10.A. haveB. shareC. giveD. expressA. favorB. honorC. needD. time2、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

高中生物必修2基础知识填空(含答案)

高中生物必修2基础知识填空(含答案)

高中生物必修2基础知识填空(含答案)1、一种生物同一性状的不同表现类型,叫___________性状。

2、杂种后代中同时出现显性性状和隐性性状的现象,叫________________ 。

3、F1(杂合子)与_______________进行的杂交,叫测交。

4、在_______对_______染色体的______位置上的,控制 ______性状的基因,叫等位基因。

一对等位基因通常用同一字母的大小写表示,如D与______可看作一对等位基因。

答案点击下方空白处获得答案1、相对性状2、性状分离。

3、隐性纯合子4、一同源染色体的同一位置上的,相对性状。

d5、一对相对性状的遗传遵循_______________定律;实质________________________________________。

时间_______________。

两对或两对以上相对性状的遗传遵循_____________________定律(这两对相对性状在非同源染色体上)。

实质___________________________________________________________。

时间_____________________________。

范围____生殖的生物,真核细胞的核内___上的基因,无性生殖和细胞质基因遗传时不遵循。

基因分离定律;两对或两对以上相对性状的遗传遵循基因的自由组合定律。

①基因分离定律的实质:等位基因随同源染色体的分离而分离。

图示:遗传因子组成Aa的精(卵)原细胞产生A和a两种类型的雌雄配子的比例为1:1。

时间:减数分裂第一次分裂后期。

②基因的自由组合定律的实质:在进行减数分裂形成配子的过程中,同源染色体上的等位基因的分离同时,非同源染色体上的非等位基因自由组合。

(右图)时间:减数分裂第一次分裂后期。

范围:有性染色体6、生物的表现型是______________和______________ 共同作用的结果。

高中英语必修二全册课文语法填空原创(2019新人教版)

高中英语必修二全册课文语法填空原创(2019新人教版)

B2U1Economic development is necessary if we want1. ( improve) society but finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can bea big challenge , which can sometimes lead to great solutions. Perhaps the2. ( good) example is shownby UNESCO,3. runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from4. (disappear).In the 1950s , the Egyptian government 5. (want) to build a new dam across the Nile, but the proposal led to protests because water from the dam would likely damage some temples and destroy cultural relics. Finally,the government turned 6.the United Nations for help.A committee 7. ( establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian and prevent the 8.(lose) of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. Fifty countries donated nearly $ 80 million to the project.When the project ended in 1980, it was considered9. great success. As is shown, if a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the 10. ( globe) community can sometimes provide a solution.B2U2Today,I made a trip to observe Tibetan antelopes. I1.( strike) by their beauty when I watched them moving slowly across the green grass. I was also reminded of the danger they are in.My guide Zhaxi told me Tibetan antelopes suffered a lot in2.1980s and 1990s. The population3.(drop) sharply because of shooting and habitat4.(lose). Luckily,the government took 5.( effect )measures to save this species. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes6.(keep) them safe from7.( attack).Finally, 8.all the efforts, the antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, theTibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. However, the government does not intend to stop the protection programme r s,9.the threats to the Tibetan antelope have notyet disappeared.There is a long way to go to protect wildlife.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop 10.( be) a threatto wildlife and to our planet,B2U3Jan Tchamani, 1.English teacher in the UK, suddenly developed a serious illness, so she had to quit her job. While she2.. (stick) at home, she felt lo n ely and ter , she discovered that3.( surf)the Internet was very interesting. She joined an online group4._ 2_ she could talk about her problems and get support from others. She realized that one of the greatest5.( benefit)of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.6.(inspire) by the people she met online, she started an IT club7. ( teach) older people how to use computers and the Internet and many old people benefited from it. A 59-year-old man learned howto apply for work online and 8.(find) a great job. A61-year-old woman who was living alone has started a small online companytogether9.her friends. Jan has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries. In a word,Jan's life has been 10.(great)improved by the Internet.B2U4The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain,England- many people are confused by what these different names mean, 1, (get) to knowa little bit about British history will help you solve the puzzle.From the 16th century to the 19th century,Wales, Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland were joined one by one 2.( create) theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 3.the UK,4.( result) in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The four countries that belong5.the UK work together in some areas. However, they also have ” some6.( different). The United Kingdom hasa long and interesting history to explore. Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you 7.(surround) by evidence of four different groups of people8.took over at differenttimes throughout history.There is SO much moreto learn about9.interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more 10.( enjoy).B2U5If you want to sing together with hundreds of other people while at home alone, you can join a virtual choir, Anyone can take part in a virtual choir f rom anywhere- all you need is a videocamera and 1. Internet connection. A virtual choir helps connect ordinary people together ,for it enables them2. (add) their voices to those of other individualsand become part of the global community.The virtual choir was the idea ofaward-winning 3.( compose ) and conductorEric Whitacre,4. began studying mus i c at the University of Nevada in 1988. He fell in love with Mozart's classical mus i c when5.(sing) for the university choir. He received a master 's degree6.musical composition from the Juilliard School in New York in 1997. Over the next 10 years, Whitacre's7.(origin) compositions began to become quite popular among choirs and singers, which led to the8.(create) of the virtual choir.In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl who was s1nging one of his works. 9.(inspire) ,he set up his first virtual choir, which has received millions of views on t he Internet. Since then, the virtual choir 10. ( become) a worldwide phenomenon.参考答案:B2U1.1. to improve2. best3. which4. disappearing5. wanted6. to7. was established8. loss9. a10. globalB2U21. was struck2. the3. dropped4. loss5. effective6. to keep7. attacks8. with9. since/because 10. beingB2U31.an2. was stuck3. surfing4. where5. benefits6. Inspired7. to teach 8, found 9. with 10. greatlyB2U41. Getting2. to create3. from4. resulting5. to6. d i fferences7. will be surrounded8. who/ that9. the 10. enjoyableB2U51.an2.to add3. composer4. who5. singing6. in7. or i ginal8. creation9. Inspired 10. has become。

高中政治学业水平考试 必修2《经济与社会》核心知识填空(含答案)

高中政治学业水平考试 必修2《经济与社会》核心知识填空(含答案)

必修二《经济与社会》核心知识检测填空试题…………………………………………………………………………………………【知识体系】…………………………………………………………………………………………【课标要求】※理解公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展,按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存等社会主义基本经济制度,既体现了社会主义制度优越性,又同我国社会主义初级阶段社会生产力发展水平相适应,是党和人民的伟大创造※了解各种所有制经济的地位与作用,阐释公有制经济与非公有制经济相互促进、共同发展,明确坚持毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济,毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展※了解我国个人收入的方式与合法途径;解释个人收入分配政策的完善;评析实现共同富裕、促进社会公平正义的收入分配政策※阐明劳动对社会发展和进步的意义,弘扬劳动精神,树立崇尚劳动、热爱劳动的观念理解社会主义市场经济体制既体现了社会主义制度优越性,又同我国社会主义初级阶段社会生产力发展水平相适应,是党和人民的伟大创造※ 阐述建设高标准市场体系的意义※ 辨析经济运行中政府与市场的关系※ 解析宏观调控的目标与手段※ 阐释以人民为中心的发展思想和创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念。

※ 解释经济发展方式的转变和供给侧结构性改革※ 评析经济发展中践行社会责任的实例※ 评析实现共同富裕、促进社会公平正义的社会保障政策※ 列举完善社会保障体系的措施…………………………………………………………………………………………★1、我国的基本经济制度有:(1)_________为主体、________所有制经济共同发展。

(2)社会主义__________经济体制。

(3)____________为主体、______分配方式并存。

2、生产资料所有制在生产关系中起决定性作用,是生产关系的_______,是经济制度的_______。

占支配地位的生产资料所有制_______着一个社会的基本性质和发展方向。

人教版高一英语必修第二册《完形填空》练习题(含答案)

人教版高一英语必修第二册《完形填空》练习题(含答案)

人教版高一英语必修第二册《完形填空》练习题(含答案)I used to live selfishly. I shoul d admit it. But one moment changed me.I was on my lunch break and had 1 the office to get something to eat. On the way, I 2 a busker(街头艺人), with a hat in front of him. I had some 3 in my pocket, but I woul d not give them to him, thinking to myself he woul d 4 use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. He 5 like that type—young and ragged, but what was I going to spend the money on? I then 6 I had no right to place myself above him just 7 he was busking.I stopped and dropped all the coins into his 8 , and he smiled at me. I watched fora while. As 9 as it sounded, I expected something more to come from that moment—a feeling of 10 or satisfaction, for exampl e. But nothing happened. 11 , I walked off.On my way home at the end of the 12 , I saw the busker again and he was13 . I watched him pick up the hat and walk to a cafe counter. There he poured the total contents into a coll ecting tin 14 an earthquake fund-raising event. He was busking for charity!Now I d onate any 15 I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving. 1.A.left B.cleaned C.prepared D.searched 2.A.led B.chose C.saw D.fooled 3.A.chocolates B.coins C.tins D.drugs 4.A.almost B.only C.rather D.still 5.A.acted B.l ooked C.sounded D.smelt 6.A.declared B.realized C.expected D.guessed 7.A.when B.if C.because D.since8.A.rag B.hat C.pocket D.counter 9.A.selfish B.awkward C.innocent D.special 10.A.happiness B.sadness C.l ove D.hate 11.A.DisappointedlyB.Unfortunately C.Coincid entally D.Comfortably12.A.moment B.day C.break D.event 13.A.walking aroundB.passing by C.packing up D.running off 14.A.by B.for C.on D.with 15.A.work B.time C.energy D.changeWhy did the orangutan(猩猩)cross the road? That’s not the start of a joke, but a question being asked by scientists studying these brilliant apes.Brent Loken, who runs a group called Integrated Conservation, used camera traps to research into orangutans. That group protects 16 animals in Borneo, the largest island in Asia. Camera traps work by taking a quick photo, when something moves in front of them. In Borneo, scientists use the photos to 17 what the rare orangutans do when people aren’t 18 ?Scientists have been studying orangutans in the rainforests for decad es. And their data had suggested that the animals almost always traveled through the 19 . They were20 seen walking on the forest floor. Yet when Loken looked at the photos from his team’s camera traps, he got surprised that the apes were walking on the ground, 21 using logging roads(运材道路)and paths built by people.Were these animals simply 22 to walk on the ground because l ogging had left too many 23 ? Or did they 24 down l ogging roads as convenient shortcut? “More 25 is needed,”People are removing trees for logging, plantations and the building of the cities. The new findings suggest orangutans might be abl e to l earn to 26 with some of these changes in their 27 . It doesn’t mean the animals can survive 28 forests. But it does suggest there might be ways to l og forests in a way that won’t greatly29 these apes.Stephanie Spehar, primatol ogist at the University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, agrees. “The new study d oesn’t mean they’re fine in areas with no trees,” she says. “Orangutans clearly need the forest to 30 .16.A.endangered B.classified C.transformed D.abandoned 17.A.look on B.call on C.spy on D.take on18.A.al one B.around C.absent D.alongside19.A.vall eys B.treetops C.passages D.woods20.A.rarely B.merely C.frequently D.occasionally21.A.ever B.even C.thus D.only22.A.permitted B.commanded C.forced D.tutored23.A.routes B.branches C.gaps D.cracks24.A.settle B.knock C.rattl e D.wander25.A.independence B.insurance C.significance D.convenience 26.A.live B.link C.agree D.stay27.A.forest B.habitat C.region D.col ony28.A.against B.without C.within D.across29.A.d estroy B.comfort C.disturb D.interrupt30.A.conserve B.preserve C.reserve D.surviveProtecting China's Giant PandasChina's giant pandas show the achievement of the international effort to save animals that are now in danger. In television programmes we often see pandas 31 funny games. Children have panda toys and beautiful cards with pictures of lovely 32 in them. They often visit the giant pandas in the zoos on 33 holidays and have a good time there. However , scientists are worried about the 34 of giant pandas. They know only about 1,000 giant pandas remain 35 today. They think the giant pandas will die out in 30 years if the present conditions are not 36 .It is reported that the giant pandas have a very 37 birth rate. About 115 pandas live in the zoos and research centres mainly in China, but during the past 10 years they 38 only 34 39 pandas that are still alive. The survival rate of giant pandas in the wild is probably the same or l ower.There are several reasons for the l ow 40 . The main reason is 41 male pandas can make l ove with femal es in a very 42 season—only a few days a year. When they do have babies, females often produce two pandas , but the mother is usually not abl e to care for43 of them. The newborn pandas 44 only a few kilograms each. They are too weak to live without special care. In the zoo, scientists can help the mothers 45 the young pandas, but those living in the wil d d o not get enough 46 . It is very difficult for mother pandas to bring up their young pandas.Conditions for the giant pandas have been worse in recent years. Pandas in China continue to 47 in number. We know pandas live on bamboos. But sometimes all the bamboos in one area die. The pandas there have 48 to eat and die of hunger.Giant pandas now live in 13 separate 49 areas in China. Several years ago the Chinese government and the International Wil dlife Organization agreed 50 a project of protecting giant pandas in the wild. We hope it coul d be useful.31.A.play B.playing C.d o D.d oing 32.A.pandas B.children C.bamboos D.zoos 33.A.ours B.their C.yours D.his 34.A.past B.now C.future D.present 35.A.live B.lives C.lively D.alive 36.A.turned B.increased C.improved D.considered 37.A.l ow B.proper C.high D.right38.A.cl oned B.produced C.kept D.created 39.A.small B.young C.little D.adult 40.A.price B.speed C.birth rate D.limit 41.A.why B.how C.when D.that 42.A.short B.l ong C.suitabl e D.certain 43.A.all B.both C.none D.neither 44.A.weight B.heavy C.weigh D.heaviness 45.A.have B.raise C.observe D.care 46.A.help B.food C.water D.milk 47.A.reduce B.grow C.rise : D.change 48.A.something B.nothing C.everything D.anything 49.A.protected B.protecting C.defending D.guarding 50.A.to B.with C.in D.onOne night in 2003,Jans and his wife Sherrie were walking the dog Dakotah near their house. Sud denly, a young 51 appeared and began running in their direction. Amazed and 52 ,the coupl e immediately broke Dakotah l oose to protect them. "However, the two animals stopped yards apart and 53 stared at each other as if each were l ooking at an almost- forgotten face and trying to remember something,” recalls Jans in his book A Wolf Called Romeo.Over the next week, the Janses always 54 the wolf playing with the d ogs in the neighborhood. They 55 that when the wolf saw a dog, he woul d make a fool of himself- wagging, pacing, and even striking some d og poses. Because of the wolf's 56 ,Sherrie named him Romeo. The 57 extend ed from dogs to locals quickly. 58 ,crowds of locals started coming to 59 the wolf, and some liked him so much that they seemed to forget that wolves are 60 .For the next five years, Romeo 61 to the area in fall and winter. "He would be in the same place every morning to 62 people going to work or walking their d ogs, 63he'd set with a time cl ock",writes Jans. As the only wolf in the area,Romeo had 64 creatures to eat,a large open space to live in, and little 65 1 from other animals. However, some critics felt Romeo was a(n) 66 ,and there was a talk about driving him out of the area.Romeo came again in September 2009,but later that month, he 67 again. After some searching, a supporter found he had been 68 by Park and Jeff. Both men were arrested later. They ended up paying fines according to the local law, losing hunting 69 . In late November 2010,a memorial service was held for Romeo. "Nothing can take away the years we spent in his 70 ,”writes Jans. "We'll remember the happiness he brought to us forever.”51.A.woman B.boy C.wolf D.d og 52.A.curious B.terrified C.disappointed D.content 53.A.anxiously B.tentatively C.angrily D.hardly 54.A.spotted B.prevented C.protected D.imagined 55.A.hated B.believed C.observed D.warned 56.A.experience B.violence C.companion D.behavior57.A.friendship B.challenge C.campaign D.freedom 58.A.ApproximatelyB.Generally C.Importantly D.Gradually 59.A.keep a record ofB.have a l ook at C.make an example ofD.take advantage of 60.A.aggressive B.kind C.stubborn D.l onely 61.A.reacted B.adapted C.returned D.ref erred 62.A.attack B.stop C.inform D.meet 63.A.even if B.as though C.so that D.in case 64.A.offensive B.limited C.common D.abundant 65.A.competition B.acquaintance C.cooperation D.acquisition 66.A.pride B.pity C.danger D.accomplishment 67.A.burst B.arose C.changed D.disappeared 68.A.shot B.hid den C.fool ed D.raised 69.A.methods B.privileges C.partners D.habits 70.A.hand B.direction C.company D.opinionIn a garden fill ed with bushes and grass,there appeared a white rose.Everyone who saw her spoke well of her.But the fl ower couldn't 71 herself,and she thought of herself as a common grass.She had no idea how 72 she was.She spent the few days of her life,until wilting(凋零)set on,without knowing that all around her were 73 by her beauty.She was not 74 about herself and sl owly bowed her head.One hot,sunny day,a girl was walking through the 75 ,thinking about how many lovely things Mother Nature has given us, 76 she sud denly saw a white rose in a77 part of the gard en.The rose was beginning to wilt.“If the rose stays here till tomorrow it'll 78 ”,she thought,“ I'll take it home and put it in the l ovely 79 .”And so she did.With all her 80 ,she put the wilting white rose in water,and carefully placed it by the 81 .The refl ection(映像) from the glass meant that,for the 82 time,the rose got to see herself and what she 83 like.“Is that me?” thought the rose.Little by little her leaves began to84 .When she was back to her best she l ooked at her reflection and saw that she was 85 a beautifulfl ower.She thought,“Wow! Till now I hadn't 86 who I was.How could I have been so 87 ?”The rose came to realize she had spent her days without appreciating her 88 ,unable to see herself,unable to 89 who she really was.If you really want to know who you are,forget everything that's 90 you,and just look into your heart. 71.A.hear B.see C.touch D.save72.A.poor B.weak C.pretty D.lonely73.A.surprised B.annoyed C.bothered D.encouraged 74.A.careful B.worried C.confid ent D.crazy75.A.school B.yard C.forest D.garden76.A.when B.and C.so D.but77.A.dark B.forgotten C.dirty D.good78.A.grow B.complain C.fall D.die79.A.house B.bottle C.box D.bag80.A.strength B.heart C.love D.power81.A.bed B.wind ow C.house D.tree82.A.first B.last C.worst D.right83.A.smelled B.sounded C.tasted D.looked84.A.sing B.drop C.cry D.rise85.A.almost B.really C.always D.never86.A.realized B.remembered C.forgot D.doubted87.A.beautiful B.nervous C.blind D.cheerful88.A.beauty B.personality C.advantage D.quality89.A.explain B.know C.accept D.guess90.A.about B.on C.with D.aroundFall down as you come onstage. That’s an odd trick. Not recommen d ed. But it saved the pianist Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The experienced cellist Rostropovich tripped him purposely to 91 him of pre-performance panic. Mr.Feltsman said, “All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else coul d happen?”Today, music schools are ad dressing the probl em of 92 in classes that d eal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, 93 mind.Teachers and psychol ogists offer wide-ranging 94 , from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, 95 visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don’t deny that you’re tense, th ey urge; some excitement is 96 , even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before97 , “Take two deep abd ominal(腹部) breaths, open up your shoul ders, then smile,” she says. “And not one of these ‘please don’t kill me’ smil es. Then choose three friendly faces in the98 , people you woul d communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them. “She doesn’t want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by conductors or parents are often 99 stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. .When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the heartbeat, which was just total 100 . I came to a point where I thought, ‘If I have to go through this to play music, I think I’ m going to look for another job.’” Recovery, he said, involved developing humbl eness—recognizing that whatever his tal ent, he was likely to make mistakes, and that an 101 concert was not a disaster.It is not only 102 artists who suffer, of course. The l egendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz’s nerves were famous. The great singer Franco Corelli is another example. “We had to push him on stage,” his partners recalled.103 , success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when you’re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don’t have any 104 ,” Singer June And erson said. “There’s less to lose. Later on, when you’re known, people arecoming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to 105 . ” Head ded, “I never stop being nervous until I’ve sung my last note.”91.A.assure B.cure C.remind D.rob 92.A.anxiety B.ad olescence C.principl e D.psychology 93.A.absent B.blank C.keen D.narrow 94.A.advice B.choices C.services D.education 95.A.instead of B.along with C.such as D.with regard to 96.A.d efinite B.neutral C.natural D.precious 97.A.ceremony B.performance C.lecture D.rehearsal 98.A.audience B.orchestra C.staff D.choir99.A.at the face of B.at the root of C.in favour of D.in contrast with 100.A.craze B.fault C.failure D.panic 101.A.unusual B.imperfect C.invalid D.unpopular 102.A.tal ented B.unknown C.young D.experienced 103.A.Actually B.Certainly C.Luckily D.Similarly 104.A.appreciation B.contribution C.expectation D.satisfaction 105.A.learn B.offer C.say D.l oseWe know children shoul d grow up, knowing the right sense of values. Here is a good example to teach them a good lesson.One day, a young man who was dressed poorly begged 106 door to d oor along the street. 107 an old wallet in hand, he was asking for a few coins to buy something to eat. He kept complaining about his bad 108 and kept wondering why those who had so much money were never 109 and were always desiring more.“As110 as I’m concerned, if I had only enough to fill my stomach and to wear, I woul d not want anything more."Just at that moment Godd ess Fortune noticed the beggar among the crowd and got close to him, greeting, “Hi, young man, I have wished to 111 you for a l ong time. If you open your wallet, I will pour my gold into it. But keep in mind that I will d o that only on this112 : All that falls into the wallet will be pure gol d belonging to you; but every piece falling upon the ground 113 become dirt, worth nothing. Are you clear?”“I see. Now I’m ready.” said the beggar with confid ence.“Then you should 114 ! It’s obvious that your wallet is a 115 one, so don’t load it too heavily,” said the Godd ess Fortune.The excited beggar coul d hardly 116 to have gold. He quickly opened his wallet, and a 117 of yellow coins was poured into it. The wallet became heavier and heavier.“Is that enough? Isn’t it cracking? Will your wallet strong enough for more?” warned the Godd ess.“Never118 . It’s still strong enough now” replied the beggar confidently.The wallet was filled with 119 many coins that the beggar’s hands began to shake. “Ah, if only the gol den stream would 120 forever! Just a little more,” said the beggar, “121 just a handful or two.”“There! It’s full. The wallet will 122 .” reminded the Godd ess again, b ut the beggar insisted 123 , “I know it will hold a littl e more, just a little more!” One more piece was ad ded and the wallet split. The 124 fell upon the ground and became dust. The greedy beggar had now 125 but his broken wallet.106.A.through B.outsid e C.from D.insid e 107.A.Picking B.Gathering C.Winning D.Holding 108.A.fortune B.wallet C.clothes D.chance 109.A.relaxed B.disappointed C.worried D.satisfied 110.A.long B.far C.possibl e D.soon 111.A.praise B.forgive C.help D.comfort 112.A.situation B.principle C.outline D.suggestion 113.A.shall B.woul d C.shoul d D.might 114.A.look d own B.l ook after C.look for D.l ook out 115.A.large B.worn C.new D.full 116.A.stand B.think C.breathe D.wait 117.A.piece B.stream C.pair D.pipe 118.A.ask B.request C.fear D.insist119.A.quite B.so C.too D.as 120.A.pour B.end C.dry D.freeze 121.A.take B.l end C.ad d D.send122.A.fl ow B.change C.disappear D.burst 123.A.firmly B.with d oubt C.angrily D.with patience 124.A.wallet B.food C.treasure D.gift 125.A.nothing B.anything C.everything D.somethingClearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great d eal of 126 is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simpl e 127 of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have 128 where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very 129 to have our views chall enged by other members of society.Face to face 130 is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the 131 factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous132 growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has 133 advanced imprinting, telecommunications photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission (传输) and reception of communications so that l ocal news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed( 侵蚀) by international news.No l onger is the possession of information 134 to a privileged minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was ind eed 135 , but today there are public libraries. For years ago people used to fl ock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a programme that is being 136 into millions of homes.Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The mod em communication industry 137 the way people live in society and broadenstheir horizons by allowing 138 to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very 139 to the individual and to the society of which he is part, the vast modem network of communications is open to abuse(滥用). 140 , the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.126.A.communicatingB.delivering C.addressing D.exchanging 127.A.ideas B.explanation C.solutions D.means 128.A.conversation B.concentrate C.attempts D.interruptions 129.A.reluctantly B.likely C.absolutely D.sud denly 130.A.contact B.occasion C.feedback D.reactions 131.A.chall enging B.dominating C.attracting D.improving 132.A.grown B.increase C.approval D.invention 133.A.come throughB.resulted from C.led to D.brought in 134.A.given B.restricted C.opposed D.guaranteed 135.A.fortunate B.visibl e C.hopeful D.respectable 136.A.channel ed B.bought C.applied D.transformed 137.A.influences B.provides C.corrects D.protects 138.A.guidance B.access C.movement D.reception 139.A.considerable B.impressive C.valuable D.available 140.A.In addition B.For example C.Therefore D.HoweverWhen you take a walk in a town in a western country, you’ll often see peopl e walking 141 their d ogs. It is still true that a dog is 142 animal in the world, but the reason why people 143 a dog has changed. Once upon a time, a man met a dog and wanted it to help him in the fight 144 other animals and he found the dog145 him and did what he told him 146 . Later people used d ogs for hunting147 other animals, and the dogs did not 148 when they got until they theirmasters agreed. So dogs were used for 149 sheep and guarding chickens. But now people in the towns and cities 150 dogs to fight other animals for them. Why do they keep d ogs? Of course, they keep them to 151 thieves, but the most important reason is 152 people feel 153 in the city. For a child, a d og is his 154 friend when he has no friend to 155 . For a young wife, a dog is her 156 when she does not have her own. For ol d peopl e, a d og is also a child when their 157 children have grown up and 158 . Now peopl e d o not have to use a dog, but they keep it159 a friend, just like a member of the 160 .141.A.from B.with C.al ong D.for 142.A.the l oveliest B.the cleverest C.the kindest D.the most useful 143.A.train B.walk C.keep D.take 144.A.against B.with C.towards D.for 145.A.listen to B.listening to C.listened to D.listening 146.A.\ B.to C.about D.for 147.A.. instead of B.instead for C.with D.for 148.A.like B.eat C.take D.keep 149.A.driving B.training C.tending D.raising 150.A.needn’t B.need C.didn’t need D.d o not need 151.A.fight B.catch C.recognize D.frighten 152.A.that B.why C.because D.frighten 153.A.alone B.happy C.lonely D.rich 154.A.worst B.best C.most horrible D.nearest 155.A.talk with B.play C.play with D.talk 156.A.baby B.chil d C.girl D.boy 157.A.true B.small C.ol d D.real 158.A.left B.disappeared C.died D.missed 159.A.like B.as C.for D.to 160.A.society B.family C.home D.houseAs desperate parents of a daughter born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), we were quick to try any suggestion that we believed coul d help her. One day, we were travelling to a village for 161 when we had a(n) 162 . So, there we were — a family of three —stranded.163 , there were several restaurants where I sought help. I 164 amiddle-aged Muslim man in plain pyjamas passing by and explained my 165 to him. He said he knew of a 166 cen tre close by, and then gently add ed, “Ask your family to wait here. The roads are not safe.” My anxiety 167 , but we had no choice.He noticed that our 9-year-ol d daughter couldn’t walk, and called a woman from a food stall to help. Sensing my fear at leaving them alone, he quickly 168 , “I can go and get the flat tyre fixed.” I tried to pay him for the 169 but he only said, “We can figure it out later.”After waiting for what felt like hours, I wondered if he woul d 170 return. What if it was all a trick? The woman who helped earlier 171 us, “Don’t worry. He’ll be back soon.” But her words were of littl e 172 . Two hours later, with midnight approaching, we finally heard the sound of a bike. “The shop is 173 fifteen kilometres away. We didn’t tell you, because that would have increased your 174 ,” said the man. He then put the wheel 175 . I took out a 500-rupee note to pay him for his pains, but he refused.“Thank you, brother,” was all I could say. Choked with gratitude, I didn’t even remember to ask his name.161.A.safety B.work C.treatment D.charity 162.A.plan B.flat C.crash D.emergency 163.A.Obviously B.Hopefully C.Eventually D.Fortunately 164.A.came across B.picked up C.fell for D.took on 165.A.considerationB.situation C.hesitation D.motivation 166.A.repair B.medical C.shopping D.research 167.A.worsened B.decreased C.occurred D.faded 168.A.joked B.whispered C.screamed D.volunteered 169.A.trouble B.expense C.assignment D.d eal170.A.yet B.just C.ever D.only 171.A.warned B.persuaded C.interrupted D.assured 172.A.comfort B.value C.importance D.guidance 173.A.actually B.unbelievably C.unexpectedly D.absolutely 174.A.awkwardnessB.hesitation C.worry D.puzzle 175.A.in store B.in power C.in ord er D.in place参考答案1.A2.C3.B4.B5.B6.B7.C8.B9.A10.A11.A12.B13.C14.B15.D16.A 17.C18.B19.B20.A21.B22.C23.C24.D25.D26.A27.B28.B29.C30.D 31.A32.A33.B34.C35.D36.C37.A38.B39.B40.C41.D42.A43.B44.C 45.B46.A47.A48.B49.A50.D51.C52.B53.B54.A55.C56.D57.A58.D 59.B60.A61.C62.D63.B64.D65.A66.C67.D68.A69.B70.C71.B72.C 73.A74.C75.D76.A77.B78.D79.B80.C81.B82.A83.D84.D85.B86.A 87.C88.A89.B90.D91.B92.A93.B94.A95.C96.C97.B98.A99.B100.D 101.B102.C103.A104.C105.D106.C107.D108.A109.D110.B111.C112.B 113.A114.D115.B116.D117.B118.C119.B120.A121.C122.D123.A124.C 125.A126.A127.D128.A129.B130.A131.B132.A133.C134.B135.A136.A 137.A138.B139.C140.D141.B142.D143.C144.A145.C146.B147.A148.B 149.A150.D151.D152.A153.C154.B155.C156.A157.D158.A159.B160.B 161.C162.B163.D164.A165.B166.A167.A168.D169.B170.C171.D172.A1 73.A174.C175.D。

人教版高中英语必修二unit2_using_language课文语法填空.docx

人教版高中英语必修二unit2_using_language课文语法填空.docx

高中英语学习材料***鼎尚图文理制作***Unit2 Using Language课文语法填空The Story of Atalanta一、语法填空(根据课文内容完成短文)Atalanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece. But she was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games. She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone 1________ could not run faster than her. Her father said that she must marry and asked her 2________ she wanted to marry a king or prince. But Atalanta replied, “These are my rules. When 3________ man says he wants to marry me I will run 4________ him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he 5________ (kill). No one will be pardoned.”Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atalanta, but 6________ they heard of her rules,many of them 7________(sad) went home. There was a man called Hippomenes who was 8________ (amaze) when he heard of Atalanta’s rules, “Why are these men so 9________ (fool)? Why will they let 10________be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess?” However, when he saw Atalanta come out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind. “I will marry Atalanta—or die!” he said.参考答案:一、1. who2. whether3. a4. against5. will be killed6. when7. sadly8. amazed9. foolish10. themselves敬请批评指正。

必修2基础知识填空

必修2基础知识填空

必修2基础知识填空1分离定律的实质:形成配子的分裂过程中,减一期分开导致同源染色体上的分开。

对分离现象解释的验证-----测交(和隐性纯合子)自由组合的实质是:减一期,同源染色体上的等位基因分离的同时,非同源染色体上的自由组合。

2. 双亲基因型都为AaBb,表现型为黄色圆粒。

求子代F1基因型有种,表现型有种,AABb的概率,AaBb的概率,黄色圆粒的概率,绿色皱粒的基因型。

3某基因型的个体(有n对基因,其中m对是等基因)能产生配子种。

如AaBbCCDd产生的配子种。

4. 基因在染色体上呈______排列;基因主要存在于染色体上,另外也存在于细胞____中的DNA上(原核生物的拟核和质粒上,病毒的遗传物质上、真核生物的线粒体、叶绿体上也有基因分布)。

5性别决定主要分为型和型。

6遗传方式判断口决伴X染色体隐性遗传男患者(多于/少于)女患者,伴X染色体显性遗传男患者(多于/少于)女患者。

7.加热杀死的S型细菌注射到鼠体内,现象是。

无毒性的R型活细菌与加热杀死的S细菌混合后注射到小鼠体内,现象是。

8T2噬菌体是一种在细菌体内的病毒,它的外壳是,头部内含有,它侵染细菌后,就会在遗传物质的作用下,利用体内的物质来合成自身的组成成分,进行大量的增殖。

9真核生物的遗传物质是,原核生物的遗传物质是,病毒的遗传物质是。

其中遗传物质是DNA的常见的病毒有。

10DNA的结构,含碱基。

核酸含碱基种,核甘酸种。

A和T之间的氢键个,G和C之间的氢键个。

11DNA复制的特点、。

条件:、、、。

其中酶有。

12基因是的DNA片段,遗传信息是指基因中的排列顺序。

13 DNA复制n 次,子代DNA分子数,含亲代DNA链的子代DNA数,若该DNA分子中含某脱氧核甘酸数为a,则n次复制需要该核苷酸数,n次复制共需要该核苷酸数。

14转录的场所是,是以DNA的为模板,按照原则,合成的过程。

翻译的场所是,以为模板,合成具有一定氨基酸排列顺序的的过程。

高一化学必修2知识点填空

高一化学必修2知识点填空

高一化学必修2知识点填空化学是一门研究物质性质、组成变化以及它们之间相互关系的科学。

在高中化学课程中,必修2是一门重要的课程,它包含了一些基本的化学知识点,以下是一些知识点的填空介绍。

1. 元素:____是由于1种原子组成的纯物质。

在自然界中,元素以不同的形式存在,如氧气、氧化铁等。

2. 原子:化学中的最小颗粒叫做____。

原子由电子、质子和中子组成,其中质子位于原子核中,电子绕着原子核运动。

3. 元素周期表:元素周期表是按元素的____排列的表格。

元素周期表根据元素的原子序数(或称为序数)和元素的化学性质进行了排列。

4. 化合物:____是由2种或2种以上元素以一定比例组成的物质。

化合物具有独特的化学性质和物理性质,如水、二氧化碳等。

5. 分子:两个或两个以上原子通过共享电子形成的化学实体叫做____。

分子是化合物的基本单位,如水分子H2O、氧分子O2等。

6. 离子:离子是由于____引起电荷失衡而带有电荷的原子或化学实体。

正离子是指失去了一个或多个电子的原子,负离子则是指得到了一个或多个电子的原子或分子。

7. 物质的存在状态:固体、液体、气体和溶液是常见的物质存在的状态。

固体具有____形状和____体积。

液体具有流动性、可流动性和一定的体积,而气体则具有较大的可压缩性和可扩散性。

溶液是由溶质和溶剂组成的均匀混合物,如盐水。

8. 物质的变化:物质的变化可以分为化学变化和物理变化。

化学变化是指物质的____发生了改变,新物质产生,如燃烧。

物理变化是指物质的____改变,但其化学性质没有发生改变,如溶解和相变。

9. 质量守恒定律:闭合系统中,化学反应前后的质量总是____的。

这个定律是指化学反应中,物质不会凭空消失或凭空产生,质量的变化只是发生了物质的转化。

10. 酸碱中和反应:酸和碱反应生成____和____。

酸碱中和反应是指酸和碱按一定比例反应生成盐和水的过程,如HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O。

高二化学必修2元素填空专题练习

高二化学必修2元素填空专题练习

高二化学必修2元素填空专题练习
一、单选题
1. 在以下元素中,_________元素在周期表中的位置接近阳极。

- A. 锂
- B. 氯
- C. 氢
- D. 铯
{content}
答案:D
2. 下列元素中,_________元素是唯一一个直接与生命活动有
关的元素。

- A. 铁
- B. 碘
- C. 钠
- D. 氧
{content}
答案:D
二、填空题
1. 填入适当的元素符号:在周期表中,具有最大半径的元素是_________。

{content}
答案:铯
2. 在元素周期表中,原子序数为_________的元素是氮。

{content}
答案:7
三、解答题
请简要回答以下问题:
1. 什么是元素周期表?
{content}
答:元素周期表是一种将化学元素按照一定规律排列的表格。

它以原子序数递增的方式排列元素,使相似性质的元素排列在一起,同时展示了元素的周期性变化规律。

2. 元素周期表的排列方式有哪些规律?
{content}
答:元素周期表的排列方式主要遵循以下几个规律:
- 元素按照原子序数递增的顺序排列;
- 元素周期性地重复出现,即周期性表现相似性质;
- 元素从左到右的横行称为周期,从上到下的竖列称为族;
- 周期表中的方格称为元素定位,每个元素定位包含元素的符号、原子序数和相对原子质量等信息。

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必修(2)遗传与进化第一章遗传因子的发现第一节孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验(一)一、孟德尔一对相对性状的杂交实验1、选择豌豆作实验材料的优点:(1)豌豆是传粉植物,且是受粉的植物;(2)豌豆具有易于区分的。

2、实验过程(P-4)亲本 X子一代子二代比例3、对分离现象的解释(P-5)P XF2比例解释:(1)生物的性状是由决定的。

(2)体细胞中遗传因子是存在的。

(3)生物体在形成生殖细胞----配子时,成对的遗子彼此,分别进入不同的配子中。

配子中只含有每对遗传因子中的一个。

(4)受精时,雌雄配子的结合是的。

4、对分离现象解释的验证:测交(P-7)测交配子测交后代比例例:现有一株紫色豌豆,如何判断它是显性纯合子(AA)还是杂合子(Aa)?测交二、相关概念1、相对性状:同一种生物的同一种性状的不同表现类型。

2、显性性状与隐性性状显性性状:具有相对性状的两个亲本杂交,的性状。

隐性性状:具有相对性状的两个亲本杂交,的性状。

性状分离:在杂种后代中出现不同于亲本性状的现象2、显性基因与隐性基因显性基因:控制的基因。

用大写字母表示隐性基因:控制的基因。

用小写字母表示等位基因:位于一对染色体相同位置控制相对性状的基因。

如D与d基因。

3、纯合子与杂合子纯合子:由基因的配子结合成的合子发育成的个体(能稳定的遗传,自交后代性状分离)分为显性纯合子(如AA的个体)和隐性纯合子(如aa的个体)杂合子:由不同基因的配子结合成的合子发育成的个体(稳定的遗传,自交后代会发生)4、表现型与基因型表现型:指生物个体实际表现出来的性状。

基因型:与表现型有关的。

(关系:+环境=表现型)5、杂交与自交杂交:基因型的生物体间相互交配。

自交:基因型的生物体间相互交配。

测交:让F1与杂交。

(可用来测定F1的基因型,属于杂交)三、基因分离定律的实质:在减I分裂后期,随着染色体的分开而分离。

四、基因分离定律的两种基本题型:●●◆无中生有为性;有中生无为性五、孟德尔遗传实验的科学方法:1)正确地选用试验材料;2)分析方法科学;(单因子→多因子)3)应用统计学方法对实验结果进行分析;4)科学地设计了试验的程序。

第二节孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验(一)一、基因自由组合定律的实质:在减I分裂后期,基因随着染色体的自由组合而自由组合。

(注意:非等位基因要位于染色体上才满足自由组合定律)二、基因自由组合定律思路:“先分开、再组合”(即一对性状一对性状计算,然后再相乘)如AaBb×AaBb1)后代基因型种类:种 2)表现型种类:种3)后代出现AABb的概率:4)后代出现显性显性(A_B_)的概率:第二章基因和染色体的关系第一节减数分裂和受精作用一、相关概念:1、减数分裂:进行有性生殖的生物,在产生成熟生殖细胞时,进行染色体数目减半的细胞分裂。

在减数分裂过程中,染色体只复制,而细胞分裂次。

减数分裂的结果是,成熟生殖细胞中的染色体数目比原始生殖细胞。

一个精原细胞减数分裂形成个精细胞,一个卵原细胞形成一个卵细胞和三个极体。

2、同源染色体:形态和大小一般都,一条来自方,一条来自方。

3、联会:两两的现象。

4、四分体:联会后的同源染色体含有四条。

二、精子(形成场所:)与卵细胞(形成场所:)的形成过程及特征减Ⅰ的特征:分开,分别移向细胞两极,自由组合减Ⅱ的特征:着丝点分裂,分开形成子染色体第二节基因在染色体上一、萨顿的假说:基因在上,因为基因和染色体行为存在着明显的关系。

二、一条染色体上一般含有个基因,且这多个基因在染色体上呈排列;是基因的主要载体,除此之外还有和线粒体。

第三节伴性遗传1、伴性遗传基因型的写法先写出性染色体,男性XY,女性XX,再在性染色体的右上角写上基因2、伴X隐性遗传的特点:①男性患者女性患者②隔代遗传,交叉遗传③母病必病,女病必病3、家族系谱图中遗传病遗传方式的快速判断无中生有为性→病女父或子正常为常隐有中生无为性→病男母或女正常为常显附:常见遗传病类型(要记住...):伴X染色体隐性遗传病:色盲、血友病伴X染色体显性遗传病:抗维生素D佝偻病常染色体隐性:先天性聋哑、白化病常染色体显性:多(并)指第三章基因的本质第一节DNA是主要的遗传物质一、肺炎双球菌的转化实验(一)格里菲思的体内转化实验1、肺炎双球菌有两种类型类型: S型细菌:有毒性 R型细菌:无毒性2、实验过程(P-43)3、实验证明:无毒性的R型活细菌与被加热杀死的有毒性的S型细菌混合后,转化为有毒性的S型活细菌。

这种性状的转化是可以遗传的。

推论(格里菲思):在第四组实验中,已经被加热杀死S型细菌中,必然含有某种促成这一转化的活性物质—“”。

(二)艾弗里的体外转化实验:1、实验过程:(P-44)2、实验证明:才是R型细菌产生稳定遗传变化的物质。

(即:是遗传物质,等不是遗传物质)二、赫尔希和蔡斯噬菌体侵染细菌的实验1、T2噬菌体机构和元素组成:2、实验方法:3、实验结论:子代噬菌体的各种性状是通过亲代的遗传的。

(即:是遗传物质)四、小结:因为绝大多数生物的遗传物质是DNA,所以DNA是主要的遗传物质。

第二节 DNA的结构和DNA的复制:一、DNA的结构1、DNA的组成元素:2、DNA的基本单位:核苷酸(4种)3、DNA的结构:①由条、的脱氧核苷酸链盘旋成双螺旋结构。

②外侧:和交替连接构成基本骨架。

内侧:由氢键相连的组成。

③碱基配对有一定规律:;。

(碱基互补配对原则)4、DNA的特性:①多样性:碱基对的排列顺序是千变万化的。

(排列种数:4n(n为碱基对对.数.)②特异性:每个特定DNA分子的碱基排列顺序是特定的。

5、DNA的功能:携带(DNA分子中碱基对的代表遗传信息)。

6、计算:在双链DNA分子中① A=T、G=C ②任意两个非互补的碱基之和相等;且等于全部碱基和的一半二、DNA的复制1、概念:以亲代DNA分子条链为模板,合成子代DNA的过程2、时间:3、场所:主要在4、过程:①解旋②合成子链③子、母链盘绕形成子代DNA分子5、特点:,边解旋边复制6、原则:原则7、条件:①模板:亲代DNA分子的条链②原料:4种游离的核苷酸③能量:④酶:等8、DNA能精确复制的原因:①结构为复制提供了精确的模板;②原则保证复制能够准确进行。

9、意义:DNA分子复制,使遗传信息从传递给,从而确保了遗传信息的连续性。

10、与DNA复制有关的计算:复制出DNA数 =(n为复制次数),含亲代链的DNA数 =2三、基因是有遗传效应的片段第四章基因的表达1、转录:(1)概念:在中,以DNA的一条链为模板,按照原则,合成的过程。

(2)过程(P-63)、(3)条件:模板:DNA的条链原料:4种核苷酸能量:酶:解旋酶、等(4)原则:(、T—A、G—C、C—G)2、翻译:(1)概念:游离在中的各种氨基酸,以为模板,合成具有一定氨基酸顺序的蛋白质的过程。

(密码子: mRNA上决定一个氨基酸的个相邻的碱基,叫做一个“遗传密码(2)过程:(P-64)(3)条件:模板:原料:(20种)能量:搬运工具:场所:(4)原则:碱基互补配对原则(5)产物:多肽链3、与基因表达有关的计算基因中碱基数:mRNA分子中碱基数:氨基酸数 =1、中心法则2、基因控制性状的方式:(1)通过控制的合成来控制代谢过程,进而控制生物的性状;(2)通过控制直接控制生物的性状。

第五章突变和基因重组第一节基因突变和基因重组1、概念:是指DNA分子中碱基对的、和,而引起基因结构的改变。

例如:镰刀型细胞贫血症直接原因:组成血红蛋白的一条肽链上的发生改变(谷氨酸→缬氨酸)根本原因:控制合成血红蛋白的基因发生的替换。

2、原因:因素:X射线、激光等;因素:亚硝酸盐等;因素:病毒、细菌等。

3、特点:①普遍性②不定向性③随机性④多害少利性⑤低频性4、时间:细胞分裂(DNA复制时期)5、应用——诱变育种①方法:用射线、激光、化学药品等处理生物。

②原理:③实例:高产青霉菌株的获得④优缺点:育种进程,大幅度地改良某些性状,但有利变异个体。

6、意义:①是生物变异的来源②为生物的进化提供了材料;③是形成生物多样性的重要原因之一。

(二)基因重组1、概念:是指生物体在进行有性生殖的过程中,控制不同性状的基因的过程。

2、种类:①基因的自由组合:减数分裂(减Ⅰ期)形成配子时,随着染色体的自由组合,位于这些染色体上的基因也自由组合。

②基因的交叉互换:减Ⅰ时期,同源染色体上(染色单体)之间等位基因的交换。

结果是导致染色单体上基因的重组,组合的结果可能产生与亲代基因型不同的个体。

3、应用(育种):育种4、意义:①为生物的变异提供了丰富的来源;②为生物的进化提供材料;③是形成生物体多样性重要原因之一第二节染色体变异染色体变异及其应用一、染色体结构变异:实例:猫叫综合征(5号染色体部分)类型:缺失、、倒位、二、染色体数目的变异1、类型●个别染色体增加或减少:实例:21三体综合征(多1条21号染色体)●以染色体组的形式成倍增加或减少:实例:三倍体无子西瓜2、染色体组:(1)特点:①一个染色体组中染色体,形态和功能各不相同;②一个染色体组携带着控制生物生长的遗传信息。

(2)染色体组数的判断:①染色体组数例1:以下各图中,各有几个染色体组?答案:(方法:细胞中染色体大小和形态有几个一样的就有几个染色体组)②染色体组数= 基因型中控制同一性状的基因个数例2:以下基因型,所代表的生物染色体组数分别是多少?(1)Aa(2)AaBb (3)AAa(4)AaaBbb (5)AAAaBBbb(6)ABCD答案:(方法:读音相同的字母有几个就有几个染色体组)3、单倍体、二倍体和多倍体单倍体:只要是由发育成的个体都叫。

二倍体和多倍体:发育成的个体,体细胞中含几个染色体组就叫几倍体,如含两个染色体组就叫二倍体,含三个染色体组就叫倍体,以此类推。

体细胞中含三个或三个以上染色体组的个体叫倍体。

三、染色体变异在育种上的应用1、多倍体育种:方法:用处理萌发的种子或幼苗。

(原理:能够抑制的形成,导致染色体不分离,从而引起细胞内染色体数目)原理:实例:三倍体无子西瓜的培育;优缺点:培育出的植物器官,产量,营养,但结实率低,成熟迟。

2、单倍体育种:过程:花粉(药)和人工诱导加倍原理:实例:优缺点:明显年限,后代都是合子,但技术较复杂。

第三节人类遗传病一、人类遗传病产生的原因:人类遗传病是由于的改变而引起的人类疾病三、人类遗传病类型(一)单基因遗传病1、概念:由等位基因控制的遗传病。

2、类型:伴X显:抗维生素D佝偻病常显:多指、并指、软骨发育不全隐性遗传病伴X隐:色盲、血友病常隐:先天性聋哑、白化病、镰刀型细胞贫血症、黑尿症、苯丙酮尿症(二)多基因遗传病1、概念:由等位基因控制的人类遗传病。

2、常见类型:腭裂、无脑儿、、青少年型糖尿病等。

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