航海英语大证考试题型分析
航海英语考试内容总结
航海英语考试内容总结ISM规则属于SOLAS公约的chapter IX “International Safety Management (ISM) Code” ISM宗旨The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.”Company” means the owner of the ship or any other organization or person such as the manager, or the bareboat charterer, who has assumed the responsibility for operation of the ship from the shipowner and who, on assuming such responsibility, has agreed to take over all duties and responsibility imposed by the Code.船长Master`s responsibility and authority.1 implementing the safety andenvironmental-protection policy of the Company;.2 motivating the crew in the observation of that policy; .3 issuing appropriate orders and instructions in a clear and simple manner;.4 verifying that specified requirements are observed; 5 reviewing the safety management system and reporting its deficiencies to the shore-based management.the master has the overriding authority and the responsibility to make decisions with respect to safety 1 properly qualified for command;.2 fully conversant with the Company’s safety management system;and pollution prevention and to request the Company’s assistance as may be necessary and the master’s duties can be safely performed 相关证书DOC “Document of Compliance” means a document issued to a Company which complies with the requirements of this Code.SMC “Safety Management Certificate” means a document issued to a ship which signifies that the Company and its shipboard management operate in accordance with the approved safety management systemSMM “Safety Management Menue ”(Safe Operation of Ships and Marine Environmental Protection) 安全管理系统SMS “Safety management system” means a structured and documented system enabling Company personnel to implement effectively the Company safety and environmental protection policy. NC不合格项Non-conformity”纠正措施means an observed situationwhere objective evidence indicates the non-fulfilment of a specified requirement. Emergency Response Fire, explosion, flooding, grounding, stranding, sinking, foundering, listing, capsizing, robbery, piracy, injury, man overboard, collision, contact, wave damage, short landed, over landed, disable and adrift, breaking apart, pollution应急种类Plans and manualsPlans SOPEP(Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan),SAPEP,Fire control plan,Muster list, contingency plan Manuals How to operate machines, etc. Procedures on Arrival or Departure from a Foreign Ports.海事公约Introduction to the Maritime LawsSOLAS Convention (The international Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea )范围The regulations relating to life saving appliances and arrangements 作用are intended to ensure that in the event of a catastrophe(disaster) at sea, passengers and crew have the greatest chances of survival.Improved design and equipment, better fire protection, satellite communications, rescue planes and helicopters and trained personnel also contribute to improved safetyat sea.MARPOL 73/78(The protocol of 1978 to the internationalconvention the prevention of pollution from ships, 1973《经19xx年议定书修订的19xx年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》)STCW Convention (It stands for the International Convention on Standard of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended in 1995 《19xx 年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》19xx年修正案) MLC06(Maritime Labour Convention 20xx)及各大公章节Titanic In April 12th, 1912 Titanic allided with ice-mountains and founderde at Cape Race, Newfoundland. 1503 people lost their lives in this disaster.原因Titanic did not have enough lifeboats for all passengers. 2. passengers were lacking of basic lifesaving knowledge in this disaster. 3. the radio officer had gone off duty when the Titanic distressmessages were sent. sea temperature when Titanic sank was below freezing point and many people died in the water from hypothermia (lost body temperature).五险一金five major premiums and A Rewarding Fund养老保险,endowment insurance. Pension. To deposit money in a special account which we will be able to use those periodically after retirement.---医疗保险,hospitalization insurance. To deposit money in a special account which we will be able to use those when we are hosptialized. ---失业保险,insurance for unemployment. To deposit money in a special account which we will be able to use those periodically after retirement and we are able to use it under unemployment. ---工伤保险,insurance for occupational injury. To get premiums after injuries from the job.---生育保险,insurance for bearing children.Accumulation Fund for HousingShipowners船东or bareboat charterers光租船东Persons who owns ships or are sublet the ship(s) by actual shipowner(s). Functions for Seafarers Pay all wages and other incomes for shipmasters and seafarers on board the ships in accordance with the legal documents—voyage contracts. Management Companies Persons who own companies with resources of seafarers. Functions for Seafarers --Assist the seafarers for job hunting. (Interview by the shipowner, employment)--Claim for any damages from injuries.(From shipowners, insurance companies, P&I clubs, etc.) --Employ lawyers or attorney.(Hearing in a court, or arbitrations)--Counterclaim for seafarers. (unemployed, illtreated,dis-promoted, )--Promotions and renewals of certificates for seafarers. --Pension (death, injury, robbery)大型船舶有限公司:中国远洋运输公司COSCO,中国海运集团公司Chinashipping第二篇:英语考试技巧总结4200字听力第一、二部分:1、做听力之前,短、长对话都先浏览一半题目,以免后面来不及看,抓关键词(V、adj),速度要快!2、看主语是谁(He\She),就注意听哪一个说的话。
航海英语考试大纲
广州航海高等专科学校成人教育学院2010年英语统考(非英语专业专科)考试大纲一、目的与性质英语课程是广州航海高等专科学校成人教育学院校统考课程之一。
本课程的考试成绩是对成人教育学院各科类专科专业(不包括英语专业)学生学习成果的认定,同时也是对本校成人教育学院办学水平、教育质量进行评估检测的依据之一。
本课程考试大纲是依据相应的课程教学大纲制定的。
本课程考试属于目标参照式考试,其及格标准为应用型、职业型大学专科专业的合格标准。
二、评价标准考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能:1、词汇:认知2500 至3000个单词和300 至400 个词组。
2、语法:掌握基本的语法规则。
时态:一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,将来时,将来进行时和将来完成时;语态:主动语态和被动语态;从句:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,定语从句和状语从句;以及形容词副词的比较级与最高级。
并能用于解决阅读和翻译中涉及的语法问题。
3、阅读理解:以每分钟25(一级)、40(二级)、50(三级)个词的速度阅读一般性题材,生词不超过2%的中等难度的文字材料。
要求理解所读材料的大意,掌握主要事实和有关具体细节,根据有关信息进行一定的推理,判断和引伸。
4、翻译:能利用所学的知识对与每课的翻译练习难度相当的句子进行中英互译。
5、写作:能填写简单的求职申请表、履历表等。
三、考试内容与形式1、考试内容本考试内容包括五个部分:分别是词语用法与语法结构、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。
第一部分:词语用法和语法结构(Part I Vocabulary and Structure)这一部分共40题,考试时间20分钟。
占总分20%. 题目中70%为词和短语的用法,30%为语法结构。
要求考生从每题四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。
词汇和短语的考察为第二册教学内容,语法结构主要考察非谓语动词、虚拟语气、从句和倒装句。
航海英语考试试题及答案
航海英语考试试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. What is the meaning of the term "Abeam" in navigation?A. At a right angle to the bow or sternB. Directly in front of the vesselC. At the side of the vesselD. Behind the vessel答案:A2. Which of the following is NOT a type of maritime distress signal?A. SOSB. MaydayC. Pan-panD. All clear答案:D3. What does the term "Dead in the water" refer to?A. A vessel that is sinkingB. A vessel that is stationary in the waterC. A vessel that is moving at full speedD. A vessel that is turning around答案:B4. The term "Leeway" refers to:A. The angle between the direction of the wind and the direction the vessel is headingB. The distance a vessel has traveledC. The speed of the vessel through the waterD. The deviation of the vessel's course due to the wind and current答案:D5. What is the meaning of the term "Port" when used as a direction?A. Left side of the vesselB. Right side of the vesselC. Forward of the vesselD. A type of wine答案:A6. The term "Set" in navigation refers to:A. The direction of the windB. The direction of the currentC. The speed of the vesselD. The name of the vessel答案:B7. What is the meaning of "Bearing" in navigation?A. The weight of the vesselB. The direction of the vessel's movementC. The angle between the vessel's heading and a landmark or another vesselD. The distance from the vessel to a landmark or another vessel答案:C8. The term "Helm" refers to:A. The wheel used to steer the vesselB. The main mast of the vesselC. The captain of the vesselD. The bottom of the vessel答案:A9. What does the term "Tack" mean in sailing?A. To turn the vessel's bow into the windB. To turn the vessel's stern into the windC. To change the vessel's course by turning the stern through the windD. To change the vessel's course by turning the bow away from the wind答案:A10. The term "Clearing" in maritime communication refers to:A. The process of leaving a portB. The process of entering a portC. The process of cleaning the vesselD. The process of repairing the vessel答案:A二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)1. The international maritime signal flag for the letter "A" is __________.答案:Alpha2. The term "Berth" can refer to a __________ or a sleeping accommodation on a ship.答案:parking space3. The direction from which the wind is blowing is known as the __________.答案:windward4. A vessel that is "Under tow" is being moved by __________.答案:another vessel5. The term "Freeboard" refers to the distance between the__________ and the waterline.答案:deck6. The term "Gale" is used to describe a wind of force__________ on the Beaufort scale.答案:8 or higher7. The term "Haul" in sailing means to __________ thevessel's course.答案:change8. The term "Knot" is used to measure __________.答案:speed9. The term "List" refers to a vessel's inclination to__________.答案:one side10. The term "Pilot" in navigation can refer to a person who __________ a vessel in or out of a port.答案:guides三、简答题(每题5分,共30分)1. Explain the difference between "Port" and "Starboard".答案:"Port" refers to the left side of the vessel when facing the bow, while "Starboard" refers to the right side.2. What is the purpose of a "Fathometer" on a ship?答案:A fathometer is used to measure the depth of the water beneath the vessel.3. Describe the function of a "Binnacle" on a ship.答案:A binnacle。
谈全国统考航海英语笔试试卷的命题
动词insist一词的正确用法为insist on sb/Sb’s do—
试是财政部主持的全国性考试和大学英语四、六级 ing sth。题中漏掉了介词on。
考试是教育部主持的全国性考试一样,海船船员适
policy is the damage to an。ther Vessel’s cargo caused by a collision covered?此夕p,句中caused by a colli—
式its,所以diseases一词使用复数加s是明显不对 sion为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰damage一词,
的题量、分值等要求相去甚远。既然国家海事局已 acteristic?这是典型的句法结构错误。特殊疑问句
正式颁布考试大纲,就应当严格按大纲的要求命题, 的词序应是:which of the following characteristics
防止超大纲现象的发生。虽然大纲有不足或是缺 (应用复数形式)wiU the wind flow...have in the
陷,但是在国家海事局没有正式修订考试大纲之前, 仍应按大纲命题,这是任何命题都应遵循的原则。
4.海船船员适任证书全国统考属于行业性职业 证书考试。如同律师考试是司法部主持的全国性考 试、医师考试是卫生部主持的全国性考试、会计师考
southem hemisphere?单选题第21题亦属于此类问 题。
单选题第24题A shipper...has a ri曲t to in—
做到不出现失误,亦应尽可能避免不应有的语言失 现在时,不应使用过去时。is nearing是现在进行
误,以确保试卷的权威性、严肃性和科学性。但从表 时,助动词为单数第三人称is,但是主语certificates
三副航海英语习题讲解2.doc
2017航海英语复习二Key word & chart8-1 chart projection (12)A5& A Mercator chart is a ________ ・A.cylindrical projectionB. simple conic projectionC・ polyconic projection D. rectangular projection【知识点】墨卡托投影【解析】A、圆柱投影B、单圆锥投影C、多圆锥投影D、正交投影注:相关题目B84. The only cylindrical chart projection widely used for navigation is the ________ ・A・ Lambert conformal B. Mercator C. Azimuthal D. GnomonicC59. On a mercator chart, 1 nautical mile is equal to ________ .A.1 minute of longitudeB. 1 degree of longitudeC・ 1 minute of latitude D. 1 degree of latitude【知识点】墨卡托投影【解析】墨卡托投影中,1海里的长度为纬度1分。
A61. Distance along a track line is measured on a Mercator chart by using the ________ A・ latitude scale near the middle of the track lineB.longitude scale near the middle of the track lineC・ 1 atitude scale at the mid latitude of the chartD. latitude or longitude scale at the middle of the scale【知识点】纬度渐长【解析】track line航迹线注:相关题目B102. Why do distances always have to be measured from the nearest scale on a Mercator chart?A.because it is the most efficient way B・ because it varies for each latitudeC・ because it varies with the change of longitude D. because it is the most straight lineC101. Which one of the following is incorrect about Mercator projection?A.it projects a sphere onto a cylinderB・ because the resulting distance between latitudes are constantly increasing, it is also called progressive projectio n.C・ it can always give true distances.D・ its advantage is that longitude and latitude are at right angles, which makes【知识点】墨卡托投影【解析】progressive projection渐长投影D103・ How long would 15 minutes of longitude be at a latitude of 60 degrees north?A.30 n mileB. 60 n mileC.5 n mileD. 7.5 n mile【知识点】墨卡托投影【解析】假设地球是个标進的球体,如图所示,地球的半径(也就是赤道的半径)为R,某个纬线圈的纬度为a,且该纬线圈的半径为r,则r=Rcosa C90. Whatdefines a great circle?A・ a curved line drawn on a Mercator chartB.a course line that inscribes a loxodromic curveC.the shortest distance between any two points on the earthD.the smallest circle that can be drawn on the face of a sphere【知识点】大圆海图(心射投影)【解析】great circle大圆圈loxodromic cui*ve等角航线:与经线成相同角度的线。
(16级)三副英语评估会话(19年1月整理)(1)
航海英语评估会话参考答案(二/三副)(2019年1月整理)广州航海学院海运学院目录第一部分朗读1篇(20分, 题库共41篇,见第四版教材) (3)第二部分口述题 1个(20分, 题库共66个) (24)第1章公共用语 (24)第2章船舶口令 (26)第3章靠泊与锚泊业务 (27)第4章装卸作业 (29)第5章航行 (30)第6章修船与船体保养 (32)第7章事故处理 (33)第8章消防与船员自救(海上救助) (35)第9章救助(海上通信) (36)第10章遇险(海盗袭击) (37)第11章港口国检查 (40)第12章船舶保安 (43)第三部分问答题 10小题(每小题6分共60分,题库共286小题) (45)第1章公共用语 (45)第3章靠泊与锚泊业务 (46)第4章装卸作业 (48)第5章航行 (49)第6章修船与船体保养 (51)第7章事故处理 (52)第8章消防与船员自救 (54)第9章救助 (55)第10章遇险 (57)第11章港口国检查 (58)第12章船舶保安 (60)补充问答题94 (62)航海英语听力与会话二/三副评估:会话部分参考答案航海英语听力与会话评估分为听力和会话两部分,考试时间为1小时。
听力部分共100分,有三部分:第一部分:单句30分(3分×10小题);第二部分:对话30分(3分×10小题);第三部分:短文40分(2.5分×16小题, 四篇短文)。
会话部分共100分,有三部分:第一部分:朗读20分,第二部分:口述20分,第三部分:问答60分(6分×10小题)。
听力和会话部分需同时达到60分,整个航海英语听力与会话评估才视为合格。
(沿海航区听力第一部分为词汇题。
)航海英语听力与会话评估题库共有12章。
听力部分播放次数为两次。
会话部分的问答题播放次数也为两次。
无限航区的问答题不显示问题,沿海航区问答题则有显示问题。
第一部分朗读1篇(20分, 题库共41篇,见第四版教材)第二部分口述题1个(20分, 题库共66个)第1章公共用语1.Please say something about your hometown.a) The geographical position, population, and features of your hometown.b) The environment and customs of your hometown.c) The specialties of your hometown.My hometown is located in the southeast part of China.It is a seashore city.There are about 3 million people in my hometown.My hometown is developing very fast.The environment in my hometown is very good.People keep their traditional customs.Fishery industry is important to my hometown.It is a major fishery products providing place in China.Nowadays, my hometown has rapid development in tourism.Thousands of tourists from different parts of China and other countries visit my hometown. And people’s living standard has been improved greatly.I am very proud of my hometown.2. Please say something about yourself.a) Your name, age, rank, working experiences, hobbies.b) Your daily work.c) Your spare time activities.My name is____________.I am_________ years old.I am from_________ province.I am a student majoring in navigation in Guangzhou Maritime College.I will graduate in the year _______.I go to class to learn some navigational subjects from Monday to Friday.In the evening, I usually review my lessons.Sometimes, I go to downtown to buy something.During my spare time, I usually read novels or do some sports.I like playing basketball and football very much.Life at school is interesting to me.I will work hard to master the basic navigational knowledge and skills.I am confident that I will become a qualified seafarer in the future.3. Say something about your family.(2014年1月考到)a) Members of your family.b) Their occupations.c) Their hobbies and characteristics.There are _____ people in my family.My grandpa, grandma, father, mother, brother, sister and me.My father is a worker( farmer, teacher, doctor, company staff, government staff, seafarer)My mother is a ___________.(housewife)They work very hard to support my education at school.I am very thankful to them.My father likes reading newspaper very much.(watching TV, playing cards)My mother likes shopping very much.My father and mother are very kind.My father is not so outgoing and he talks little.My mother is outgoing and she talks a lot.I love my family very much.4. Your favorite port you have called at.(2014年1月考到)a) A simple introduction of the port.b) Reasons why you like it.c) Anything special about it.My favorite port is Singapore port.Singapore port is located in the south coast of the Singapore Island.It is the largest cargo transhipment port in the Asian and Pacific region.And it is one of the busiest ports in the world.Its cargo throughput always ranks in the world top-tens.I like Singapore port because the procedure for ship’s entry and departure is simple and rapid. Besides, there are modern and complete port facilities in the port.High technologies and effective measures are applied in the port operation management.“Highly effective is the special feature of Singapore port.a) Your position on board.b) Your daily work on board.c) Your duties on board.My position on board is Third Officer.My daily work on board includes:--Keeping navigational watch when the ship is at sea.--My watch is from 8 to 12 a.m. and from 8 to 12 p.m.--While the vessel is in port, my watch focuses on cargo operations, fire watches, security watches, monitoring communications, and monitoring the anchor or mooring lines.--While the ship is entering or leaving port, I shall be on the bridge to assist operation.My duties on board includes:--Taking care of all lifesaving and fire fighting equipment.--Keeping the safety equipment record book and ship’s logbook.--Working out the contingency plan for the whole ship.As a Third Officer, my post is very important on board.6. Please describe the career at sea.(2014年1月考到)a)the career at seab) how do you like the career at seac) the captain’s responsibilityAfter I graduate from Guangzhou Maritime Institute, I will begin my career at sea.I will work as a seaman and go with the ship around the world.I like to start my career at sea, because I think I can travel around the world when I am still young.I have more chance to experience different cultures and people.By working on ship. I will know more about cargo shipping, port business and logistics. Besides, I will be well paid off.One day, I will become a captain.The captain is responsible for everything on board ship, including the safety of cargo and crew. And he has the overall right to make any decision under rules and regulations.第2章船舶口令Task1: Ship’s ordersa.the basic ship’s ordersmon ship’s orders in each categoryc.caution in executing the ordersThere are four kinds of common ship’s orders, such as wheel orders, engine orders, anchoring orders, mooring orders.The common wheel orders include Midships, Port five, Steady and so on.The common engine orders include Full ahead, Stop engines, Standby engine and so on.The common anchoring orders include Standby port anchor for letting go, Let go port anchor, Anchor is aweigh and so on.The common mooring orders include Heave on headline, Single up headline, Let go headline and so on.The caution in executing the orders is that: All these ship’s orders should be given clearly, repeated, carried out and reported correctly and immediately.Task 2:Ship’s Anchoring Operationa.responsibilities of the crew involvedb.basic anchoring orders and meanings3. any other relevant information pertaining to anchoringIn anchoring operation the captain gives the orders.The chief officer and carpenter carry out the orders on the spot and report accordingly.There are many anchoring orders, for example,Stand by port/starboard/both anchors for letting go. It means stand by relevant anchors for letting go.Let go port/starboard/both anchors. It means “Drop the relevant anchors accordingly.”Stand by for heaving up. It means “Get ready to pick up the anchor.”The length of the anchor cable should be five to seven times the depth of water.The operators should hoist the anchor signals according to the COLREG.Task3:Ship’s Mooring and Unmooring Operationa.responsibilities of the crew involvedb.basic mooring and unmooring ordersc.safety and other relevant information relating to mooring and unmooring operationThe captain gives the mooring and unmooring order.The chief officer and the second officer carry out the orders and report accordingly.There are many mooring and unmooring orders, for example, Send out the headlines; Make fast fore and aft ; Stop heaving; Single up headline and so on.The operators should check the lines regularly and ensure that they are in good condition.The crew members should put on the gloves, helmet, safety shoes and so on.第3章靠泊与锚泊业务1.Describe the responsibilities as a watch officer while the ship is at anchor?(2014年1月考到)a) Regular operations for anchor watch.b) Emergency handling in case of dragging.c) Conclusion .If I am the officer on duty while the ship is at anchor.The regular operations for anchor watch are as follows:I shall keep a proper lookout.I shall make inspections round the ship regularly. (from time to time)I shall take the anchor position from time to time.I shall check the situation of the anchor chains.And I shall pay attention to the movement of other ships nearby.I shall pay attention to the change of wind direction and speed, tide and seas.In case of dragging anchor, I will inform the Master immediately.And take emergency measures according to the Master’s orders.During the anchor watch, we must be very responsible.2.Describe the proper way of using VHF?(2014年1月考到)a) How to operate VHF set properly.c) Rules of using VHF Channel 16 .VHF stands for very high frequency.It is very important on board. VHF是重要的设备。
航海英语试题及答案
航海英语试题及答案一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "port" refers to which side of the ship?A. Left sideB. Right sideC. SternD. Bow答案:A2. What does the acronym "AIS" stand for in maritime communication?A. Automatic Identification SystemB. Advanced Information SystemC. Automatic Information SystemD. Advanced Identification System答案:A3. Which of the following is not a type of navigational buoy?A. Can buoyB. Cone buoyC. Barrel buoyD. Anchor buoy答案:D4. What is the standard speed for a ship to proceed at when entering or leaving a port?A. 5 knotsB. 10 knotsC. 15 knotsD. 20 knots答案:A5. Which of the following is not a maritime distress signal?A. SOSB. MaydayC. Pan-panD. Help答案:D6. What is the minimum safe distance a ship should maintain from a submarine when passing?A. 500 metersB. 1000 metersC. 1500 metersD. 2000 meters答案:B7. What does the term "deadweight" refer to in shipping?A. The weight of the ship without cargoB. The maximum weight the ship can carryC. The weight of the cargo onlyD. The weight of the ship with cargo答案:B8. Which of the following is not a type of maritime document?A. Bill of ladingB. Certificate of registryC. PassportD. Cargo manifest答案:C9. What is the international maritime signal flag for "I require a pilot"?A. AlphaB. BravoC. DeltaD. Echo答案:A10. What is the standard time zone for all maritime navigation?A. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)B. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)C. Eastern Standard Time (EST)D. Pacific Standard Time (PST)答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The international maritime distress frequency is _______ MHz.答案:21822. The term "freeboard" refers to the distance between the _______ and the waterline.答案:deck3. A ship's _______ is the part of the ship that extends vertically from the waterline to the deck.答案:hull4. The _______ is the officer in charge of the navigation and safety of the ship.答案:captain5. The _______ is a device used to measure the depth of water under the ship.答案:sounder6. The _______ is a maritime signal flag that indicates the need for medical assistance.答案:Alpha7. The _______ is the part of the ship that is used for loading and unloading cargo.答案:cargo hold8. The _______ is a maritime signal flag that indicates the need for a tugboat.答案:Bravo9. The _______ is the part of the ship that is used for steering.答案:rudder10. The _______ is a maritime signal flag that indicates the need for a pilot.答案:Delta三、简答题(每题10分,共40分)1. Explain the function of a radar in maritime navigation.答案:Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determinethe range, angle, or velocity of objects. It is used in maritime navigation to detect and locate other vessels, land, and obstacles, as well as to navigate in poor visibility conditions.2. Describe the importance of maintaining a proper lookout while at sea.答案:Maintaining a proper lookout is crucial for the safe navigation of a ship. It involves continuously monitoring the surrounding environment to detect any potential hazards or changes in conditions, such as other vessels, weather patterns, or navigational markers. This helps in avoiding collisions, grounding, or other maritime accidents.3. What are the responsibilities of a ship's officer in charge of navigation?答案:The officer in charge of navigation is responsible for planning the ship's route, overseeing the operation of navigational equipment, ensuring compliance with maritime regulations, monitoring weather conditions, and making decisions to ensure the safe and efficient passage of the ship.4. Explain the significance of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in global shipping.答案:The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. It develops and maintains a comprehensive regulatory framework to ensure the safety and security of shipping, the prevention of marine pollution, and the facilitation of international maritime traffic. The IMO'swork is essential for promoting cooperation among nations, setting global standards, and addressing maritime issues that affect the entire world.。
甲类三副航海英语真题及翻译及机考题剖析
甲类三副航海英语真题及翻译及机考题1 (2013-12-03 11:40:30)转载▼标签:甲类三副航海英语真题903 机考题教育分类:甲类三副大证考证1. chart correction information is not disseminated through the__D_. 海图改正资料不是从下列的哪一项中发布()a. summary of corrections改正摘要 b. local notice to mariners地方性航海通告 c. daily memorandum 每日摘要 d. chart correction card海图改正卡2.chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is _A___. 海图图式用大写字母打印表示的相应的陆标是() a. conspicuous显著的 b. inconspicuous不显著的 c. a government facility or station政府设施或站点 d. a radio transmitter无线电发射器3. lines on a chart which connect points of equal magnetic variation are called _D__. 海图上连接所有磁差相同的各点的线叫做()a. magnetic latitudes磁纬度 b. magnetic declinations磁赤纬 c. dip磁倾角 d. isogonic lines 等磁差线4. in which source could you find the number of a chart for a certain geographic area? __B_ 要查找某一地区的海图图号,你可以从下列哪一种出版物中查找()a. chart no.1 一号海图 b. catalog of charts 海图目录 c. IMO practical navigator IMO实用航海学 d. IMO light list IMO灯标表5. you are to _D____the convoy at 1745 hours.你将于1745(加入)编队a.get得到 b. take 取来 c.have 有 d. join加入6. You have anchored in the wrong position obstructing other traffic. You must B .你所抛锚的位置不对,妨碍了其他船舶的通行。
航海英语评估要点
1. 评估考试过程1)用时:共60分钟,采用倒记时方式,分“听力”和“会话”两大部分,每部分均需60分及格。
2)顺序:先“听力”:单句 --- 对话 --- 短文(之后停1分钟),计36题目;后“会话”:朗读 --- 口述 --- 回答问题,计12题。
3)重听:“听力”部分“单句”、“对话”、“短文”题干[及不显示的问题及选项],均可“重听”一次(但要等“重听”按钮出现后方可) [根据要求不显示的部分,均可重停一次]。
“会话”部分的“问题”也可重听一次。
4)录音:“会话”部分“朗读 --- 口述 --- 问题”每题均可重新录音一次,但每次要录音之前,必须先点击“录音”按钮,否则,不能录音。
A/ 戴上耳机时,把“录音话筒”拉到嘴边以免在录音时忘记,同时检查调整耳机接触及音量。
B/ 考试过程是不可逆的,只有在确认已做完了当前题目之后,才可以点击“下一题”,点击后就回不去。
必须从头到尾,按照顺序,做完每道题。
C/ 不能放弃或遗漏任何一题,否则,会导致考试无成绩;D/ 重申:每次要录音之前,必须先点击“录音”按钮,否则,不能录音,点击“下一题”后,该前一题就是没做,后果是“会话”部分可能没成绩。
2 各类题目的显示方式见书本之附录要求,训练时,应结合显示方式要求,先选择正确的显示方式;3 训练方式难点为“单句”,(甲类船长)选项不显示,平时可朗读熟悉单句并记答案;“对话 --- 短文”选项有显示,平时应记答案。
听力题量看似多,其实,单句、对话、短文中,有很多内容是重复的。
1)朗读题目:平时应读几遍,要求流畅,语音清晰到位,特别每篇的前半部分要读得好;语速不宜太快,因太快往往会漏读某些音节,不完整;问题主要在重读、连音及句子中的停顿不当;2)口述题目:应能讲述10句以上;窍门为充分利用显示的语言,用这些语言组句,相同成分的可多用并列句(在句式上比较简单);讲述时围绕提示要点也可讲述相关内容,但要求流畅;为避免停顿太久,相关题目应理出讲述的先后顺序,一般可按照显示内容的先后,可就题目先进行适当的铺叙,然后在切如提示要点;若为时间过程描述,应按发生的先后顺序,条理性比较好。
三副航海英语习题讲解3
2017航海英语复习三Key word 10: Radar and ARPA(60)A335. Radar makes it possible and much safer for us to sail __.A. in dense fogB. in boisterous weatherC. in the open seaD. in rivers【知识点】雷达的使用【解析】主要作用:雾航B380. Radar makes the most accurate determination of the __.A. direction of a targetB. distance to a targetC. size of a targetD. shape of a target【知识点】雷达的使用【解析】雷达测距最准确。
相关题目A382. Without doubt the radar is a highly important navigation aid. But duty officer shall aware that __when using it.A. Its range reading is more accurate than its bearing readingB. A low-lying coastline with a long, flat beach will show up properly on the radar.C. Radar is only aimed at collision avoidance.D. the use of radar is necessary only when visibility is restricted、D527. Radar is not only to obtain ______, but also to measure their distance away from you.A. brightness of objectsB. color of targetsC. shape of targetsD. bearing of objectsD361. Which statement concerning the operation of radar in fog is TUREA. radar ranges are less accurate in fogB. navigation buoys will always show up on radarC. a sandy beach will show up clearer on radar than a rocky cliffD. small wooden boats may not show up on radarB327. The correct method of switching off a marine radar is to turn power switch to ____ position first, then to ______ position.A. off / standbyB. standby / offC. standby / closeD. close / standby【知识点】雷达的使用【解析】雷达关机步骤。
11规则大副考试经验
航海英语:新题较多,老题库里面的比较少。
集中出现在避碰和单证这一块,约20到25题!还有一部分是以往的真题里面,建议真题最近十期细看!还有就是题库后面的短文,须熟练,基本4篇又两篇是里面的!英语考试生词很少,注重理解和结合专业知识解题。
货运和结构:老题库较多,计算题都比较的计算题,复杂的可以忽略过去!个别比较偏的题目也会出现,例如在破损的类型,还有生存条件,适用条件;还有就是IMDG的内容,每册包含的内容。
航海学:比较简单,多以基本概念为主,气象老题库熟练,基本没有悬念就过了,罗经差还有仪器等出题大概5到8分,不是很难,范围很广,难以把握,放弃也无妨,基本航海学都是高分通过!船舶管理:新体很多,题库很少,老题库可以扔掉了,青岛版的题库值得一看,多以组合题出现,选项全选的占多数。
也有个别比较偏的题,比如领海、毗领区的定义等,无害通过权,过境通行权(青岛版题库有)等,还有“通过”的定义。
知识比较全面,建议对照书本看过一遍题库,并在书本上标记,然后再将书本看2遍,基本通过没问题!操纵与避碰:操纵老题库足够了,前面的旋回特性基本可以过一遍就可以了,不必深看,估计最多2分,一般可以全拿,岛礁1到2分,都在老题库,冰区需看,但不用去记那些复杂和具体的数字,主要考航法,怎么抛锚,链节数,怎么通过、进入冰区。
建议将真题做2份,并对照所列知识点看。
避碰主要是要对规则的理解,不理解很难做,题库出题很少,大多数是以组合题出现。
不能过分依赖题库,但是题库可以帮助理解和分析。
没有偏题,多以各个条款穿插相结合出题。
以上是本人考试以后的一些粗略的总结,希望对即将考试的一些同行会有一些小小的帮助。
各位船员兄弟,大家好!大副考试终于结束了,很幸运,理论考试一次性全部通过。
先晒晒我的成绩吧,按照考试的先后顺序:船舶操纵- 86,航海气象与海洋学-85,船舶管理-83,航海英语–73.5,航海学–71,海上货运-76,船舶值班与避碰–87,船舶结构与设备–73。
航海英语考试内容总结
航海英语考试内容总结航海英语考试内容总结ISM规则属于SOLAS公约的chapterIX"InternationalSafetyManagement(ISM)Code"ISM宗旨ThepurposeofthisCodeistoprovideaninternationalstandardforthesafemanageme ntandoperationofshipsandforpollutionprevention."Company"meanstheowneroftheshiporanyotherorganizationorpersonsuchast hemanager,orthebareboatcharterer,whohasassumedtheresponsibilityforoperat ionoftheshipfromtheshipownerandwho,onassumingsuchresponsibility,hasagree dtotakeoveralldutiesandresponsibilityimposedbytheCode.船长Master`sresponsibilityandauthority.1implementingthesafetyandenvironmental-protectionpolicyoftheCompany;.2motivatingthecrewintheobservationofthatpolicy;.3issuingappropriate ordersandinstructionsinaclearandsimplemanner;.4verifyingthatspecifiedrequirementsareobserved;5reviewingthesafetym anagementsystemandreportingitsdeficienciestotheshore-basedmanagement.themasterhastheoverridingauthorityandtheresponsibilitytomakedecision swithrespecttosafety1properlyqualifiedforcommand;.2fullyconversantwiththeCompany"ssafetymanagementsystem;andpollutionpreventionandtorequesttheCompany"sassistanceasmaybeneces saryandthemaster"sdutiescanbesafelyperformed相关证书DOC"DocumentofCompliance"meansadocumentissuedtoaCompanywhichcomplieswith therequirementsofthisCode.SMC"SafetyManagementCertificate"meansadocumentissuedtoashipwhichsign ifiesthattheCompanyanditsshipboardmanagementoperateinaccordancewiththeap provedsafetymanagementsystemSMM“SafetyManagementMenue”(SafeOperationofShipsandMarineEnvironmentalProtection)安全管理系统SMS"Safetymanagementsystem"meansastructuredanddocumentedsystemenabli ngCompanypersonneltoimplementeffectivelytheCompanysafetyandenvironmental protectionpolicy.NC不合格项Non-conformity"纠正措施meansanobservedsituationwhereobjectiveevidenceindicatesthenon-fulfilmentofaspecifiedrequirement.EmergencyResponseFire,explosion,floodi ng,grounding,stranding,sinking,foundering,listing,capsizing,robbery,pira cy,injury,manoverboard,collision,contact,wavedamage,shortlanded,overland ed,disableandadrift,breakingapart,pollution应急种类PlansandmanualsPlansSOPEP(ShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlan),SAPEP,Firecontrolplan ,Musterlist,contingencyplanManualsHowtooperatemachines,etc.ProceduresonArrivalorDeparturefromaF oreignPorts.海事公约IntroductiontotheMaritimeLawsSOLASConvention(TheinternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea)范围Theregulationsrelatingtolifesavingappliancesandarrangements作用areintendedtoensurethatintheeventofacatastrophe(disaster)atsea,passenger sandcrewhavethegreatestchancesofsurvival.Improveddesignandequipment,betterfireprotection,satellitecommunicati ons,rescueplanesandhelicoptersandtrainedpersonnelalsocontributetoimprove dsafetyatsea.MARPOL73/78(Theprotocolof1978totheinternationalconventionthepreventionofpollutionf romships,1973《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》)STCWConvention(ItstandsfortheInternationalConventiononStandardofTrai ning,Certification,andWatchkeepingforSeafarers,1978,asamendedin1995《1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》1995年修正案)MLC06(MaritimeLabourConvention201*)及各大公章节TitanicInApril12th,1912Titanicallidedwithice-mountainsandfounderdeatCapeRace,Newfoundland.1503peoplelosttheirlivesint hisdisaster.原因1.TheTitanicdidnothaveenoughlifeboatsforallpassengers.2.passengerswerela ckingofbasiclifesavingknowledgeinthisdisaster.3.theradioofficerhadgoneof fdutywhentheTitanicdistressmessagesweresent.4.TheseatemperaturewhenS.STitanicsankwasbelowfreezi ngpointandmanypeoplediedinthewaterfromhypothermia(lostbodytemperature).五险一金fivemajorpremiumsandARewardingFund养老保险,endowmentinsurance.Pension.Todepositmoneyinaspecialaccountwhichwewillbea bletousethoseperiodicallyafterretirement.---医疗保险,hospitalizationinsurance.Todepositmoneyinaspecialaccountwhichwewillbeabl etousethosewhenwearehosptialized.---失业保险,insuranceforunemployment.Todepositmoneyinaspecialaccountwhichwewillbeabl etousethoseperiodicallyafterretirementandweareabletouseitunderunemployme nt.---工伤保险,insuranceforoccupationalinjury.Togetpremiumsafterinjuriesfromthejob.---生育保险,insuranceforbearingchildren.AccumulationFundforHousingShipowners船东orbareboatcharterers光租船东Personswhoownsshipsoraresublettheship(s)byactualshipowner(s).Functionsfo rSeafarersPayallwagesandotherincomesforshipmastersandseafarersonboardthe shipsinaccordancewiththelegaldocumentsvoyagecontracts.ManagementCompanie sPersonswhoowncompanieswithresourcesofseafarers.FunctionsforSeafarers--Assisttheseafarersforjobhunting.(Interviewbytheshipowner,employment) --Claimforanydamagesfrominjuries.(Fromshipowners,insurancecompanies,P&Iclubs,etc.)--Employlawyersorattorney.(Hearinginacourt,orarbitrations)--Counterclaimforseafarers.(unemployed,illtreated,dis-promoted,) --Promotionsandrenewalsofcertificatesforseafarers.--Pension(death,injury,robbery)大型船舶有限公司:中国远洋运输公司COSCO,中国海运集团公司Chinashipping扩展阅读:航海英语习题归纳航海英语习题归纳201*年6月(航海十班。
航海英语听力与会话评估说明
航海英语听力与会话评估说明一. 听力部分(100分)1. 单句10道题,每题3分,共30分2. 对话10道题,每题3分,共30分3. 短文4道题,每题10分,共40分二、会话部分(100分)1. 朗读1题,20分;2. 问答10题,每题6分,共60分;3. 口述1题,20分说明:1. 听力与会话必须都通过60分,才视为评估通过;任何一部分没有达到要求的分数都视为评估不通过,补考时两部分都需要重新测试。
2. 各章节的试题比例请参照评估规范。
三、评估规范(适用对象:无限航区500总吨及以上船舶二/三副993)1、评估目的通过本适任评估项目,使被评估者达到中华人民共和国海事局《海船船员适任评估大纲》对船员所规定的实操、实作技能要求,以满足国家海事局签发船员适任证书的必备条件。
2、评估内容2.1 普通英语2.2 常用命令2.3 进出港业务2.4 靠离泊作业2.5 装卸作业2.6 航行2.7 海上呼叫2.8 海上救生与求生2.9 修船与船舶保养2.10 港口国检查2.11 船舶保安3、评估要素及标准3.2 听力评估要素及标准听力部分按大纲及双向细目表进行,由电脑自动评判。
3.3 会话评估要素及标准3.3.1 朗读题(20分)(1)评估要素:发音、朗读流利程度(2)评估标准:①语音清晰正确,语调正确,朗读流利(20分)②发音正确无误,朗读较为流利(16分)③发音基本正确,语调平淡,朗读较为流利(12分)④发音不清楚,部分单词读音错误,朗读不流利(8分)⑤发音错误太多、朗读非常不流畅(0~4分)3.3.2 口述题(20分)(1)评估要素:内容、语法、发音、朗读流利程度(2)评估标准:①内容符合题意,语法正确,发音正确无误,朗读流利(20分)②内容基本符合题意,语法一般,发音正确无误,朗读较为流利(16分)③内容基本符合题意,语法较差,发音基本正确,朗读较为流利(12分)④内容偏离题意,发音基本正确,朗读不流利(8分)⑤内容不正确,语法很差,发音错误太多,朗读非常不流畅(0~4分)3.3.3 问答题(共10题,每题6分共60分)(1)评估要素:内容、发音、朗读流利程度(2)评估标准:①回答内容符合,发音正确无误、朗读流利(6分)②回答内容基本符合,发音正确无误、朗读较为流利(5分)③回答内容基本符合,发音基本正确、朗读较为流利(4分)④回答内容偏离问题,发音基本正确、朗读不流利(3分)⑤回答内容不正确,发音错误太多,朗读非常不流畅(0~2分)4、评估方法4.1 评估形式及内容:1)评估形式计算机终端。
航海英语关联题类型分析及解题技巧
航海英语关联题类型分析及解题技巧作者:张敏来源:《文学教育下半月》2018年第04期内容摘要:在中华人民共和国海事局海船船员适任证书考试中,关联题是一个重点题型,考试的题材广,要求的词汇量大,对考生的综合应用能力要求较高。
文章对航海英语关联题的语篇特点进行分析,针对考生做题过程常见错误,论述了关联题的备考注意事项及解题策略。
关键词:关联题语篇解题策略一.引言《中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则》(交通运输部2011年第12号令,简称“11规则”)实施后,在中华人民共和国海事局海船船员适任证书考试中,关联题在试卷中占的比例由原来的两篇文章,分值12分,增加到四篇文章,分值24分,占卷面总分比例的约四分之一。
关联题即大学英语中的阅读理解题。
航海英语考试规定70分为合格(100分满分),因此考试中关联题的正确率对考试结果影响非常大。
学生要提高阅读能力,必须在航海英语学习阶段掌握一定量的专业英语词汇,熟悉专业英语篇章的语言特点,扎实掌握基础专业知识,还要掌握一定的阅读技巧和阅读方法。
二.关联题的语篇特点1.关联题语篇涉及范围广。
航海英语的关联题文章内容紧贴船员工作岗位,涉及基本安全、航海仪器说明书、事故报告、国际海事公约、海上气象报告、航海图书资料、船舶结构及船舶操纵等专业内容。
如,The information given by the port authorities revealed that the ship was overloaded at her departure,with an extra weight of 370 T, and that she arrived at the port with ballast, which made her trim aft.本句摘自一篇事故报告,翻译为:港务局所给信息披露了该船出发时超载370吨,抵达港口时有压载水,尾倾。
2.句法结构复杂,表述严谨客观。
【海证】 , 航海英语 阅读及考试秘籍 (秘籍在最后),包你阅读满分~!~!
第三部分Passage 3-01Labour should be ordered by 0900 hrs for 2nd shift (1500 to 2300 hrs) on same day and by 1300 hrs for 1st shift (0700 to 1500 hrs) for next day. by 1100 hrs, for (2300 to 0500 hrs) in same day.Under normal circumstances, no work is performed during meal hours of 1100 it 1200 hrs and 1830 hrs unless the ship is classified as a key vessel or the agent orders work during the meal hours.在同一天早上9点应该安排第二工班(1500到2300)的工作,和下午2点安排第2天第一工班(0700到1500)的工作,在同一天的中午11点安排第三工班(2300到0500)的工作。
在常规环境下,没有工作执行在用餐时间1100到1200点和晚上1830,除非船舶类型被看作关键的船或代理安排工作在用餐的时间里。
001. If you want to order labour in this port for the third shift in same day, the order should be made by .A. any timeB. 0900 hoursC. 1100 hoursD. 1300 hours在同一天如果你想安排工作在这个港口的第三工班,这安排应该在早上1100。
002. is performed during meal hours under usual circumstances.A. Cargo workB. No cargo workC. Ordering work by AgentD. loading and discharging没有工作执行在用餐时间,在常规环境下。
沿海航区海船二三副航海英语习题解析含金量超高,大证航海英语丙类三副
知识点1:海图及海图作业【典型考题】What information is found in the chart title?A. Date of the first editionB. Date of the edition and, if applicable, the revisionC. Information on the sounding datumD. Information on which IALA buoyage system applies【参考答案】C【参考译文】在海图题目栏中可找到什么信息?有关深度基准面的信息。
【解析】chart title海图题目sounding datum深度基准面on关于【相关考题】1. Contour elevations on this chart refer to heights in meters above mean ______.A. lower low waterB. high waterC. low waterD. sea level【参考答案】D【参考译文】这张海图上的等高线是指平均海平面以上的高度,单位是米。
【解析】Contour elevation等高线refer to指的是mean平均的2. Place names used should be those ______.A. specified by international authoritiesB. specified by national authoritiesC. on the standard mapD. on the chart or the Sailing Directions in use【参考答案】D【参考译文】利用的地名应是在利用的海图或航线指南上的名称。
【解析】Sailing Directions航线指南3. What information is not found in the chart title?A. Survey informationB. ScaleC. Date of first editionD. Projection【参考答案】C【参考译文】在海图题目栏中无法找到什么信息?第一版日期。
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航海英语大证考试题型分析
作者:吴菲
来源:《环球市场信息导报》2013年第01期
中国海事局组织的我国海船船员适任考试(简称大证考试)在履行STCW78/95公约、提高我国海员素质、确保船舶安全等方面起到了很大的作用,其中航海英语作为驾驶员适任考试的重要组成部分,受到了包括海事院校、主管机关和广大船员在内的相关从业人员的高度重视。
随着全球海船船员的构成越来越国际化,“船员外派”被很多国家特别是发展中国家,作为一项重要的外汇收益越来越不可小觑。
在这个背景下,航海英语在驾驶员考证和就业时的重要性显而易见。
全面把握航海英语测试方法的科学性与测试内容的正确性就显得迫在眉睫。
航海英语大证考试简介
目前,国家海事局组织的适任证书考试由海事局组织相关人员统一命题、统一考试,试卷集中后统一评阅判分。
考试的对象有在校学生和持证船员。
考试的方法分为理论考试和英语听力与会话能力的两项评估。
其中理论考试在初期采用的是原始的纸制考卷,后期国家海事局逐步改革考试模式,开始引入无纸化考试,即计算机自动生成试卷并当场出成绩。
目前理论考试的主要题型是客观题,包括单项选择(占试卷比例为88%)和关联题(占试卷比例为12%),其内容涉及船舶证书、航海图书资料、航海英文函电、船舶安全管理、船运法规与业务、国际海事公约与规则、航行技术、船舶货运技术、航海气象、航海结构与设备、航海仪器、海上通信、船舶修理与保养、海上应急等专业知识。
一直以来大证考试中的客观题一统天下的局面备受争议,优缺点都十分明显
优点:
使用范围广。
在英语考试中,客观题可以覆盖听、说、读、写、译各个领域,只是考查的效果有大有小。
评卷标准统一、客观。
在客观题中单项选择题十分具有代表性,在文科考试中,尤其是英语考试一直被大量使用。
由于其试卷评分的标准统一性达到了百分之百,故一直被出题者奉为客观性最高的一种题型。
正是这种客观性使得很多人认为通过这种题型做出的评判是准确无误的,是能够避免人为因素偏差的。
方便建立题库,方便整理。
只要有足够的客观题就可以建立题库,在出题时可以从题库中随机调取考试所需试题。
另外,现在很多院校已实现使用读卡机阅卷,使得客观题的优点又一次突出的体现出来。
一路看来,客观题这一题型从出题到阅卷都非常省时、省力,可谓经济实用。
正是这一特点,使它频繁被各种大型的测试所使用,甚至包括国际性的考试例如:风靡全国的TOEFL、CET、PETS等。
但是,随着学习研究的深入,越来越多的人开始发觉很多时候客观题弊大于利,但是由于其优点过于突出,很多时候还不可取代,使得其缺点被掩盖和忽视。
缺点:
客观题的命题难度大但测试范围却很有限。
拿单项选择题来说,在设定提干的时候往往与考查意图背道而驰,或是达不到考察的目的。
以大证考试真题为例:
①The “urgent” priority should be used for messages_______(43期)
A.concerning the safety and life at sea(SOLAS)
B.detailed important navigational warnings
C.containing information concerning the safety of a mobile unit or person
D.concerning on-scene communications(答案:C)
②An orange flag showing a black circle and square is a ______.(46期)
A.signal indicating a course change
B.distress signal of asking to communicate with another vessel
C.signal of asking to communicate with another vessel
D.signal indicating danger(答案:B)这两道题的正确答案全部都是最长的选项,这样的规律虽然不是百发百中,但它确实是考生在拿不准答案时的常用思维选项,即哪个选项最长选哪个。
而在实际选项设置中这样的选项往往正确率很高,这无疑让考试降低了难度,对于出题人绞尽脑汁设定这几个干扰项似乎没有起到作用。
③Logbooks are used to record the events occurring when ______.(41期)
A.the ship is in a harbor
B.the ship is at anchorage
C.the ship is underway
D.all of the above(答案:D)
④Which craft is a power-driven vessel under the Rules of the Road? ______.(42期)
A.An auxiliary sailing vessel,using her engine
B.A canoe propelled by a small outboard motor
C.A trawler on her way to the fishing grounds
D.All of the above(答案:D)
象“all of the above"这样的答案,很多考生会仅凭经验直接选出来,根本无须多看题目,这与出题人需要考生仔细读题,逐个分析比较的初衷完全相反,考查意义并不大。
客观题含有被试者未掌握知识但得到分数的机会,即通过猜测、推论、排除等方法得出正确答案,而并非知道该答案的真正由来和选择原因。
这种重答案选择,轻过程分析的做法,正是过分追求对思维结果的再认识而轻视对题解过程的分析和再现的一种做法。
这种做法使老师和考生都很难在答题过程中发现其错误的真正原因更谈不到解决和提高。
国家海事局大证考试的单项选择题全部是由4选1形式出现,也就是说通过盲目或随机答题而得到正确答案的概率为25%。
在100分满分的卷子里,即便什么也不会也可能得到25分,大证考试及格分为70分,这25分已经超过了及格成绩的三分之一,这就使人对达到及格线并获得适任标准的考生的实际水平打了问号,其考核的准确性不禁让人担忧甚至怀疑。
客观题的答题过程不具有交际性。
将大量的单项选择题作为考题很容易造成教学中的本末倒置,即注重知识的习得,忽视语言的应用,背题库的现象十分普遍。
尤其是听力和理论考试都是选择题,主观题偏少,造成为了通过考试老师在课上只是一味地对题库进行答案讲解和翻译,学生只负责背下来就能通过,从而使学生忽略实际英语交际能力,对英语失去兴趣。
可想而知,在这种教育模式下培养出来的学生的英语表达能力是不可能符合要求的,流利的英语更是无从谈起。
单项选择题的普遍使用还会普遍使学生形成重符号轻表达的学习模式。
过少的文字表达,对于考生文字表达能力的考查和培养是极为不利的。
单项选择题这种题型是以考察知识点为主要特征,只能考察被试者对语言知识或技能某一点的掌握情况,而并不能考察出其英语的综合运用能力和语言输出技能,即经过被试者对多项语言技能进行综合,最后统一输出的能力。
这一重大缺陷使它无法全面客观的测试出被试者的交际语言能力。
因此,在强调语言交际能力的今天,客观题题型显得有些苍白无力。
客观题看似无懈可击的客观性实际上掩盖了其测试的不客观性。
真正的测试受很多因素影响:包括题量大小、题目的难易度、题型的变化、考试时间的长短、考试环境的干扰因素等。
客观题仅能从单方面保证阅卷的统一性,并不能克服上述缺陷,将整个测试带到一个较高的客观性和全面性的层次更是无从谈起。
这种忽视语言技能的培养和训练,重识记轻思维的学习方式一旦确立对于学生今后的发展将起很大的制约作用。
学生找不到自己的语言结构和习惯更谈不上说话风格,长此以往有可能丧失了自己的思维与表达的能力,又何谈创造性思维能力的发展。
客观题答案简单、易记、易传播,也使得考生作弊更加容易。
综上所述,就考察航海英语学科来说,完全或大比例的使用客观题去考核是弊大于利的。
在船员适任证书考试改革之际,针对航海英语的考试应更多地引入新题型,平衡题目种类、分数比例以求考试更加的客观、公正、有效。