THE IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING FRAUD
mba fa 《financial accounting》 习题答案1
CHAPTER 1FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ANDITS ECONOMIC CONTEXTISSUES FOR DISCUSSIONID1–1Security analysts and stockholders: These users would use financial statements to try to estimate the future earnings and cash flow potential of the company, which would be used to project a value for the company’s stock.Bank loan officers: These users would use the financial statements to determine the ability of a company to repay loans to the bank.A company’s customers and suppliers: These users would use financial statements todetermine whether to extend credit to the company (suppliers) or whether to rely upon the company to be a supplier (customers). Both suppliers and customers would also use the financial statements to monitor the company’s profit margins.Public utilities: This group would use the financial statements to determine the company’s growth rate and how that might impact upon the company’s utility needs. Also, they would evaluate the company’s ability to pay its bills.Labor unions: These groups would use the financial statements to monitor the profitability of the company to help determine the amount of pay raises and benefits that it will negotiate for from the company.A company’s managers: The company’s managers will use the financial statements to assessthe overall financial health of the company. This could impact the managers in a number of ways: raises, promotion opportunities, performance of other departments, etc.ID1–2The board of directors serves various functions for a company. One is to represent and protect the interests of the stockholders who are not on the board. Another is to provide oversight and input to management. The managers are involved in running the business on a day-to-day basis whereas the board is more focused on the bigger, long-term picture. A weak board may not ask probing questions of management but instead may take everything at face value and believe anything that management says to them. A healthy management team would want a strong board that delivers valuable input. A management team that wants a weak board of directors may be trying to hide something (management fraud).Auditors are concerned with management fraud because, if there is a problem, in many cases the auditors will be sued by the stockholders on the basis that the auditors should have detected the fraud.ID1–3The function of the audit committee is to provide a channel whereby the auditors report their findings and concerns, if any, to the board of directors. Typically there are outside members of the board that are on the audit committee so that if the auditors have concerns about management’s financial statements or activities, then the auditors have a way to speak directly to the board of directors.The auditors are in a sensitive position because the financial statements and activities that they are auditing are prepared by the same people who hire and pay the auditors. Therefore, they may be reluctant to jeopardize their relationship with the company by being too negative.ID1–4Since Pepsi’s profits increased by a greater percentage than sales increased, it must mean that expenses as a percentage of sales dropped. Pepsi was able to improve its profitability per dollar of sales.The growth in equity was larger than the growth in assets, indicating that Pepsi reduced its liabilities. The financing activities verify that Pepsi used a significant amount of cash, partially to reduce debt. In addition to the reduction in liabilities, the strong cash flow from operations was used to purchase additional assets for the company.ID1–5Creditors would impose these types of restrictions on Continental Airlines so that the creditors would be protected for their loans. These types of restrictions are fairly common and act as a trip wire to warn the creditors that business may not be going well. The cash restriction would force Continental to have enough cash to pay the interest on the debt, the minimum stockholders’ equity makes sure that there are assets to act as collateral for the loans, and the restriction of dividends insures that management doesn’t distribute cash or assets out to the stockholders and not leave assets in the company to satisfy the creditors.These restrictions act as trip wires in that as soon as a restriction is violated the creditors can call the debt and force the company to pay back the loans. What is more typical is for the loans to be restructured. This usually means higher interest rates and fees to do the restructuring. These all put the creditors in a better position to protect their loans.ID1–6Companies would usually engage in this type of behavior to try to improve their stock price. By showing higher revenues or lower expenses investors are more likely to reward the company with a higher stock price. Companies that have negative cash flow are under a lot of pressure to maintain a high stock price since selling stock is the only way to fund the business. This type of incentive can lead to questionable behavior.The ethical implications are significant because if investors lose faith in the financial statements that are reported this would severely impact the stock market. A strong driver to a robust economy is access to capital (stock markets). If this source is reduced because investors don’t believe the numbers that are reported, a very bad impact on the overall economy would result.ID1–7This is the normal statement that an auditor would make about a company whose books it had audited and found no significant problems. This would be part of what is called a “non-qualified opinion”. If there was a particular item that the auditors did not agree with they would issue a “qualified opinion” – they would agree with everything except the qualified item that would be identified.“In our opinion”, it is their opinion and not a fact, “fairly, in all material respects”, means that the auditors can not say that every single number is exactly accurate to the penny but that the numbers are generally about right. This reflects the concept of materiality. The auditors believe that all material items have been presented accurately. “in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles”, this means that the financial statements have been compiled in a way that meets all of the accounting principles that are called GAAP.ID1–8Corporate governance describes the relationship among the stakeholders of a company, mainly : the shareholders, the Board of Directors, management and the company’s auditors.Corporate governance mechanisms encourage management and the Board of Directors to act in the best interest of the shareholders and to provide the shareholders with accurate and timely financial information. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed to upgrade the financial transparency of corporate operations, requiring increased financial disclosures and management responsibilities for the intergrity of the financial statements. Improved information provided to shareholders and other providers of capital will strenghten the confidence in the financial system, ultimately benefitting both providers and users of capital.ID1–9Management is charged with the responsibility to benefit the shareholders’ investment in the company. Choosing investments that will boost the short-term results of the company in lieu of long-term gains does not meet this requirement. While satisfying the needs of Wall Street analysts for short-term results, a management decision to forego larger long-term returns violates the relationship between the owners of the company and the management of the company. Many observers feel that short-term profit pressures from analysts have caused management to ignore its responsibility to work for the long-term benefit of the shareholder.ID1–10While the NYSE is reacting to potential rules changes based on marketing considerations, the SEC is reacting based on a desire to improve the quality of financial information that companies disclose. The SEC has a very strong argument in that the US equity markets are the largest and most liquid markets in the world. All other countries would love to have a financial market like the ones that exist in the US.One of the possible reasons that other countries don’t want to adopt the same accounting rules as exist in the US is that their companies may not compare well with US companies that have been operating under the stricter rules. To lower the accounting standards may have the impact of influencing the US capital markets to look more like capital markets in other countries, which would not be good for the US economy.ID1–11Many experts agree that one of the driving forces recently in economic growth has been the globalization of the economy, with countries across the world doing more and more business with each other. This globalization is threatened when the companies cannot agree on a uniform set of guidelines covering a business practice as important as financial reporting. The flow of capital is dependent on transparent and accurate financial information. If countries cannot agree on accounting standards, the ability of those companies to do business in each other’s markets, and the ability of capital to move from one country to another, will be limited.ID1–12Management accounting is the accounting system that generates information that is used exclusively by the managers of the company. Financial accounting refers to the financial statements that are prepared and distributed outside of the company. So in many cases management accounting information is the operational information used by the managers of the company. This can be very proprietary to the company and so is not made public.Management accounting numbers are not subject to audit and therefore are prepared in whatever form is helpful to the manager.Financial accounting information is audited and therefore has to follow GAAP. Its primary purpose is to be used by people outside of the company.ID1-13a. Home Depot is a large retailing company, focusing on hardware sales to consumers andcontractors. It is a retailer because it does not manufacture the goods that it sells. It buys products from vendors and offers those products for sale in its stores.b. The firm of KPMG audits the financial statements of Home Depot. The audit report consists of4 paragraphs. The first paragraph states what years and financial statements were auditedand therefore being commented upon by this audit report. The second paragraph explains what an audit is intended to do and how the company has gone about doing this audit. The third paragraph states the auditors’ opinion regarding the financial statements that have been audited. The final paragraph indicates a change in accounting methods by the company.c. Net income in 2003 was $4,304,000,000, for 2002 net income was $3,664,000,000 and for2001 net income was $3,044,000,000.d. 2003 2002Current liabilities $9,554 27.7% $8,035 26.8%Long-term liabilities 2,476 7.2% 2,174 7.2%Total assets $34,437 $30,011From 2002 to 2003 Home Depot increased its current liabilities by $1.5 billion and increased its long-term liabilities by $300 million. As a percentage of total assets, however, long-term liabilities remained constant. The ratio of current liabilities to total assets increased by nearly a percentage point. This shows that the increase in total assets (over $4 billion) was generated by the increase in current liabilities and net income.e. Cash from operating activities was $6,545,000,000 in 2003, in 2002 it was $4,802,000,000 andin 2001 was $5,963,000,000.f. Home Depot is considered to be one of the best-managed companies in the US. The companyis extremely profitable (see c above), growing and well-capitalized. This financial condition is reflected in the company’s cash balance of over $2.8 billion and shareholders’ equity of over $22 billion.。
会计六要素英文作文
会计六要素英文作文英文：As an accountant, I understand the importance of thesix accounting elements in financial reporting. These six elements are assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses, and gains/losses.Assets refer to the resources that a company owns, such as cash, inventory, and property. Liabilities are the obligations that a company owes to others, such as loans and accounts payable. Equity is the residual interest in the assets of a company after deducting liabilities. Income is the revenue that a company earns from its operations, such as sales revenue. Expenses are the costs that a company incurs in order to generate revenue, such as salaries and rent. Finally, gains and losses are the changes in equity that result from transactions outside of the company's normal operations, such as the sale of an asset.These six elements are crucial in financial reporting as they provide a framework for understanding a company's financial position and performance. For example, if a company has a high level of assets but also a high level of liabilities, it may indicate that the company is heavily leveraged and may have difficulty meeting its financial obligations. On the other hand, if a company has highlevels of income and low levels of expenses, it mayindicate that the company is operating efficiently and generating strong profits.Overall, the six accounting elements are essential for any accountant or financial professional to understand in order to accurately report a company's financial position and performance.中文：作为一名会计师，我理解财务报告中六个会计要素的重要性。
海外英语会计面试题目及答案
海外英语会计面试题目及答案面试题目：1. What are the key differences between InternationalFinancial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)?2. How do you ensure the accuracy and integrity of financial statements?3. Can you explain the concept of "materiality" in accounting?4. What is the role of an internal control system in a company's financial operations?5. How would you handle a situation where you discover anerror in the financial records?6. What are the common challenges faced by accountantsworking in a multinational environment?7. Describe your experience with tax compliance for international transactions.8. How do you manage and prioritize your workload during peak accounting periods?9. What steps would you take to improve the efficiency of an accounting process?10. Can you provide an example of how you have successfully resolved a complex accounting issue?参考答案：1. IFRS and GAAP are both sets of accounting standards, but they differ in certain areas such as revenue recognition,lease accounting, and financial instruments. IFRS tends to be more principles-based, while GAAP is more rules-based.2. Ensuring the accuracy and integrity of financial statements involves a combination of internal controls, regular audits, and adherence to accounting standards and regulations.3. Materiality refers to the significance of an item in the context of the financial statements. Items are considered material if their omission or misstatement could influence the decisions of users of the financial statements.4. An internal control system helps to ensure the reliability of financial reporting, compliance with laws and regulations, and the safeguarding of assets. It involves policies and procedures that are designed to prevent and detect errors and fraud.5. If I discover an error in the financial records, I would first verify the error, determine its impact, and then follow the company's established procedures for correcting and disclosing the error.6. Challenges faced by accountants in a multinational environment include dealing with different accounting standards, tax regulations, and cultural differences, as well as managing time zones and language barriers.7. My experience with tax compliance for international transactions involves understanding the tax laws of different jurisdictions, ensuring that transactions are reported correctly, and working with tax advisors to minimize tax liabilities.8. During peak accounting periods, I prioritize tasks based on deadlines and the importance of the work, delegate tasks when possible, and maintain clear communication with my teamto ensure that all work is completed accurately and on time. 9. To improve the efficiency of an accounting process, Iwould analyze the current workflow, identify bottlenecks, implement automation where possible, and provide training to staff to ensure they are using systems and processes effectively.10. An example of resolving a complex accounting issueinvolved a situation where a subsidiary was not correctly applying consolidation principles. I worked with the team tore-evaluate the consolidation criteria, restate the financial statements, and provide training to ensure ongoing compliance.结尾：In conclusion, the role of an accountant in an international context is multifaceted and requires a deep understanding of various accounting principles, as well as the ability toadapt to different regulatory environments. The questions and answers provided aim to give insight into the skills and knowledge expected of a candidate for an accounting positionin an overseas setting.。
财务舞弊动因研究目前国外研究主要...
摘要会计信息的基本要求是反应经济活动的真实性，然而，随着经济的发展和我国上市公司数量的不断增加，财务舞弊现象对会计信息真实性的影响越来越大。
近年来，伴随着我国资本市场的快速发展，财务舞弊早已超越会计范畴，成为一个广受关注的普遍现象及社会热点。
不少知名企业财务造假问题的曝光，也让我们意识到财务舞弊手段趋于多样化，其危害也在进一步加深。
上市公司财务造假行为不仅使投资者信心遭受严重打击，也使证券市场的游戏规则遭到破坏，极大的影响了我国资本市场向市场化的进一步迈进，阻碍了国民经济的健康发展。
因此，严惩财务舞弊行为、防范治理造假之举已迫在眉睫。
国内外专家学者对财务舞弊的识别与治理问题都已进行了相关研究，但考虑到我国国情与西方国家相比仍有不同点存在，照搬西方理论经验是不可行的。
因此，本文在借鉴国内外学者研究结果的基础上，采用规范研究与案例研究相结合的方法，对我国上市公司财务舞弊识别与治理问题进行探讨。
首先，在规范研究部分，本文总结了导致上市公司进行舞弊的原因及压力，对舞弊多种手段进行归纳，并介绍了舞弊识别的信号。
其次，在案例研究部分，本文对紫光古汉财务舞弊案例进行了全面分析，运用财务报表分析方法对其舞弊期间的盈利成长能力等财务指标以及财务舞弊行为对该公司带来的后续影响深入剖析，并将紫光古汉与九芝堂进行对比，进一步阐述如何从财务报表分析视角识别舞弊行为以及财务舞弊对公司的深远影响。
最后，本文从审计、法律法规、外部监管部门、企业内部治理、舆论监督以及投资者监督等多元化角度为解决我国上市公司财务舞弊问题提出对策建议。
关键词：上市公司，财务舞弊，识别信号，舞弊手段，报表分析，舞弊治理AbstractThe basic requirement of accounting information is the reaction of economic activity’s authenticity. However, as development of economy, the influence of financial fraud to authenticity of accounting information is growing, and it has become a common phenomenon and noteworthy social issues. The exposure of many well-known companies’financial fraud problem let us realize that the means of financial fraud have become diversified, and the harm being further deepened. Listed companies' financial fraud behavior not only blows to investor confidence, but also destroys the order of securities market. Therefore, it is essential to punish, prevent and resolve the financial fraud.Experts from our country and foreign countries have studied the issues of financial fraud’s identification and governance, but as our country’s condition is different from Western countries’, it is not reasonable to copy the Western theory directly. Therefore, this paper uses normative research and case study method to discuss the identification and governance of financial fraud in China’s listed companies.Firstly, in the part of normative research, the paper summarizes the reasons and pressure which lead to fraud, a variety of means of financial fraud and describes the fraud identification signals.Secondly, in the case study section, the paper analyzes financial fraud case of Unisplendour Guhan Group Co.,Ltd comprehensively. It uses financial statement analysis method to analyze the company’s financial indicators during the time of fraud as well as the impact of financial fraud to the company in recent years. Besides, this paper also makes a contrast of Unisplendour Guhan and Jiuzhitang Co.,Ltd. to help us get a better understanding about identification and influence of financial fraud.Finally, the paper gives related suggestions on how to solve the problem of China's listed companies’financial fraud from the perspective of audit, regulatory, external regulators, internal governance, supervision of public opinion as well as other investors.Keywords：Listed companies，Financial fraud，Identification signal，Governance of fraud，Financial statement analysis目录第1章绪论 (1)1.1 研究背景和意义 (1)1.2 研究思路及框架 (2)1.2.1 研究思路 (2)1.2.2 研究框架 (3)1.3 研究方法 (3)1.4 可能的创新点 (3)第2章文献综述 (5)2.1 国外研究现状 (5)2.1.1 财务舞弊识别研究 (5)2.1.2 财务舞弊动因研究 (6)2.1.3 财务舞弊手段研究 (6)2.1.4 财务舞弊治理研究 (7)2.2 国内研究现状 (7)2.2.1 财务舞弊识别研究 (7)2.2.2 财务舞弊动因研究 (8)2.2.3 财务舞弊手段研究 (8)2.2.4 财务舞弊治理研究 (9)2.3 国内外研究评述 (9)第3章财务舞弊相关概念与综合分析 (11)3.1 财务舞弊内涵 (11)3.1.1 定义 (11)3.1.2 财务舞弊相关概念辨析 (12)3.1.3 财务舞弊种类 (13)3.2 上市公司财务舞弊动因 (14)3.2.1 上市公司舞弊压力 (14)3.2.2 上市公司舞弊机会 (16)3.2.3 上市公司舞弊文化 (18)3.3财务舞弊手段 (18)3.3.1购进业务环节 (19)3.3.2销售业务环节 (19)3.3.3关联交易环节 (21)3.3.4 货币资金结算环节 (22)3.3.5 其他手段 (22)3.4财务舞弊识别信号 (23)3.4.1 运营信号 (23)3.4.2 市场信号 (24)3.4.3 财务信号 (24)3.4.4 管理层信号 (25)第4章财务舞弊案例分析 (26)4.1紫光古汉背景介绍 (26)4.2紫光古汉财务舞弊案情况简介 (26)4.3 舞弊期间基本财务比率分析 (29)4.3.1 盈利能力分析 (31)4.3.2 成长能力分析 (34)4.3.3 偿债能力分析 (35)4.3.4 营运能力分析 (37)4.3.5 长期融资能力分析 (38)4.4 财务舞弊对紫光古汉的后续影响 (39)4.4.1 对企业股票的影响 (39)4.4.2 对盈利能力的影响 (41)4.4.3 对企业转型的影响 (43)4.4.4 紫光古汉后续发展困境 (47)4.5 与九芝堂的对比分析 (48)4.5.1 利润表对比分析 (48)4.5.2现金流量表对比分析 (52)4.5.3 资产负债表对比分析 (54)4.5.4 企业财务状况整体评价 (57)4.6 紫光古汉财务舞弊手段及成因 (58)4.7 案例启示 (59)第5章上市公司财务舞弊治理对策 (61)5.1 审计视角下财务舞弊治理对策 (61)5.1.1对购进业务环节财务舞弊的审计策略 (61)5.1.2对销售业务环节财务舞弊的审计策略 (61)5.1.3对关联交易环节财务舞弊的审计策略 (62)5.1.4对货币资金结算环节财务舞弊的审计策略 (62)5.2 制度视角下财务舞弊治理对策 (63)5.2.1证券市场制度的完善 (63)5.2.2信息披露制度的完善 (63)5.2.3法律法规的完善 (64)5.3 外部监管部门视角下财务舞弊治理对策 (64)5.3.1加强证监会监管力度 (64)5.3.2加强注册会计师协会监管力度 (65)5.3.3完善政府部门监管职能 (65)5.4 企业内部治理视角下财务舞弊治理对策 (66)5.4.1公司治理结构的完善 (66)5.4.2内部审计监督的完善 (67)5.5 舆论监督视角下财务舞弊治理对策 (67)5.6 投资者监督视角下财务舞弊治理对策 (68)第6章结语与本文局限性 (69)6.1 结语 (69)6.2 本文存在的局限性 (70)参考文献 (71)致谢 (74)个人简历 (75)第1章绪论1.1 研究背景和意义会计信息的基本要求是反应经济的真实性，然而，步入21世纪以来，随着全球经济进入高速发展的新阶段，越来越多的企业选择通过上市这一捷径来满足自身急切的融资需求。
review of accounting study
Review of Accounting StudyIntroductionAccounting study plays a crucial role in enabling businesses to make informed financial decisions and accurately present their financial performance. This article will review the different aspects of accounting study, including its importance, key theories, practical applications, and future trends.Importance of Accounting Study1.Historical Significance–Accounting has been practiced for centuries and has evolved over time, contributing to the development and growth ofvarious civilizations.–The study of accounting helps us understand the historical context and evolution of financial systems.2.Financial Decision Making–Accounting provides valuable information that aids inassessing the financial health and performance of businesses.–Decision-makers rely on accounting reports to make informed choices about investments, resource allocation, and futurestrategies.3.Transparency and Accountability–Accounting study promotes transparency, accountability, and ethical behavior in business operations.–By providing accurate and reliable financial information, accounting helps prevent fraud, mismanagement, and financialmisrepresentation.Key Theories in Accounting Study1.Historical Cost Principle–This principle states that assets should be recorded at their original cost, irrespective of their current marketvalue.–It ensures consistency and comparability in financialstatements.2.Revenue Recognition Principle–According to this principle, revenue should be recognized when it is earned and realized, regardless of when the cashis received.–It ensures accurate reporting of revenue and preventsmanipulation of financial statements.3.Matching Principle–The matching principle requires expenses to be recognized in the same period as the revenues they help generate.–It ensures accurate determination of net income and reflects the true economic effects of business operations.4.Substance Over Form Principle–This principle emphasizes the economic substance oftransactions rather than their legal form.–It prevents misleading financial reporting by focusing on the underlying economic reality.Practical Applications of Accounting Study1.Financial Statement Preparation–Accounting study provides the necessary knowledge and skills to prepare financial statements, including the balance sheet,income statement, and cash flow statement.–Accurate financial reporting is essential for stakeholders to assess the financial position and performance of abusiness.2.Auditing and Assurance Services–Accounting graduates can pursue careers in auditing, where they examine financial records, transactions, and internalcontrols to ensure compliance with accounting principles andregulations.–Auditors provide independent assurance to stakeholders that the financial statements are reliable and free from materialmisstatements.3.Managerial Decision Making–Accounting information helps managers make informeddecisions regarding cost control, budgeting, pricingstrategies, and investment opportunities.–Managers rely on accounting data to analyze profitability, cash flow, and performance ratios to drive organizationalgrowth and profitability.4.Tax Planning and Compliance–Accounting knowledge enables individuals and businesses to plan their taxes efficiently and ensure compliance with taxlaws and regulations.–Accountants play a significant role in preparing tax returns, optimizing tax benefits, and safeguarding against tax-related risks.Future Trends in Accounting Study1.Technology Integration–The accounting profession is embracing automation,artificial intelligence, and data analytics to enhanceefficiency and accuracy in financial reporting.–Technology-driven solutions such as cloud accounting,digital payments, and blockchain are transforming the wayaccounting is practiced.2.Sustainability Accounting–With the growing concern for sustainability andenvironmental impact, the study of sustainability accountingis gaining importance.–Businesses are exploring ways to measure and report their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performancealongside financial metrics.3.International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)–The adoption and convergence of IFRS are increasingworldwide, bringing about standardization and comparabilityin financial reporting.–Accounting professionals need to stay updated with thelatest developments in IFRS to ensure compliance andeffective global communication.4.Forensic Accounting–Due to an increase in financial fraud and white-collar crimes, forensic accounting is becoming a specialized fieldof study.–Forensic accountants investigate financial irregularities, provide litigation support, and help prevent and detectfraudulent activities.ConclusionAccounting study is essential for businesses and individuals alike, enabling accurate financial reporting, informed decision-making, and transparency. By understanding the key theories, practical applications, and future trends in accounting, we can appreciate its significance in the business world and its role in driving economic growth and ethical practices.。
什么是会计 What is accounting 英语作文
什么是会计What is accountingList of accounting researchtopicsAccounting definitionAccounting is recording financial transactions in an organization. It deals with summarizing, analyzing, and making the report of financial transactions and submitting it to various relevant agencies and tax collection authorities. These financial statements are the complete record of all the financial transactions in a company. It tells the company’s operations and position and the process of cash flow in the organization.Primary roles of an accountantAccounting is having a pivotal function in any business. Whether a business is small or large, there is a need for a person who can handle accounts of the company. Here the role of chartered accountant comes into play. The work of an accountant is creating the financial records and checking them to avoid any monetary loss to the company. Auditors and accountants work on the financial records of a firm and help them to run efficiently without hindrances.A job to carry out by accountants:Checking the accounts statements of the company and ensuring the accuracy in them.Accounts look after the company statements and records. They warrant whether statements and records obey the laws and regulations of the country or not.They work on tax policies, prepare payment sheets and tax return sheets for the business.Accounts check all the account books and accounting systems to see the cash flow.Maintain proper financial records of the company.Provide ideas to management to improve the company’s economic flow.They help the company by reducing the costs, open up the ways to generate revenue and profit to the company.Major problems accountants face in their jobAccounting serves substantial benefits to those who want to make a career in this field. It brings highly paid jobs. But there are certain challenges accountants face.Repetitive work creates monotony in life.If you are a part of a bigger organization, you might have a handsome salary package but may have a tiring job. In big companies, you have a certain role to play for a good time period and then only you can move up in a different role.Overtime jobsAccountants have to work more than the designated hours during the financial year. During this time they have to make tax reports and work on various events. Such a period can be a challenge for accountants as they have to work for more than 70 hours a week.Competitive environmentAccountants are having good intelligence, knowledge and focus. Thus, it brings competition in their field. For those who are starting their career have to work harder to take a position in this field.Working under pressureThere are times when you have a lot of pressure. Any mistake in the figures leads to a big loss for the company. Therefore, an accountant has to work under tremendous pressure and keep himself/herself updated throughout the job.One has to adhere to deadlinesWhen you are an accountant, you cannot negotiate with deadlines. You cannot delay the task or else, the company has to pay the heavy price for it. So, if you are a person who believes in procrastination, this career is not suitable for you.List of accounting research topics in different areas of accountingFinding good accounting research material is quite tough. There are various online academic websites such asKhan Academy that will guide you will accounting dissertation by providing research material on it. If you are struggling with topics, then below I have provided various topics. Take help from them.Managerial accounting research topicsProject accounting and risk analysis –Ways to identify and quantify the risk.Discuss the du Pont analysis as a method used for improving the performance of an organization.Concept of strategic management accounting and how it can be beneficial for the hotel industry.Discuss the competitive advantages of project accounting segments.Discuss how activity-based costing can help a firm by adding value to a project.An elaborative study on Ivy publishing – discuss the role of strategic management in the field of publishing.Discussion on strategic management and its significance within enterprises.What can be the possible ways to help the entrepreneur to accomplish productivity with the help of cost accounting methods.How cost accounting act as a managerial tool to help the inflow of material in manufacturing industries.A methodical review of cost accounting in heritage centres all over the world.Discuss the influence of cost of goods generated on pricing in the process of strategic decision making.What are the challenges of administering cost accounting in the oil and gas industries?Discuss the challenges thrown upon companies accessing and correctly managing the risk.What are the measures banks take to reduce and manage the risks? Discuss by taking the example of a bank different banks.An elaborative study of risk management in the defence sector in the US.Define country risk. Evaluate and analyse the concept of country risk in management literature.Literature review on managing the risk in the countries having unstable economic conditions.What is the significance of account management with reference to healthcare industries?Discuss the concept of key account management in the banking sectors.How key account management can play a vital role.in the reformation of the Russian mining industry.Broad research on the theoretical model of mental accounting.Discuss the determinants of the progress of accounting and financial reporting.How to verify the yearly depreciation of an asset?Distinguish between marginal costing and differential costing.How can you use qualitative and quantitative methods of research in cost accounting?Discuss the fundamental dynamics of corporate governance.Define the role of time in the process of cash flow.How the internet has played a significant role in the life of an accountant?What is earning management –Discuss the significance of earning management?What is depth management? Discuss the ideas that can reduce the growth of debt.What is accounting information? How accountants can make the correct decisions for the organization?Discuss the ways through which an organization cut of the taxes.Forensic accounting research topicsDiscussion over the effective measures to reduce the financial frauds in an organization.Elaborate and discuss Goldman Sachs security fraud case. How it could be prevented. Different aspects of this case.What role do forensic accountants plays?What are the various methods to examine forensic accounting?Skills required to be a forensic accountant. How skills play an important role in a forensic accountant’s life.Accounting theory research topicsDiscuss the historical development of different accounting theories in the last 40 years.Is there any impact of culture on accounting theories? Discuss the role of culture in formulating of accounting theory.How accounting theories play a substantial role in any type of business.What are the issues of positive and normative accounting theories? Discuss the differences between the two theories.Some more accounting research topicsA study over the performance of the stock exchange of Nigeria and how it helped in the economic development of Nigeria.Evaluate the importance of bookkeeping practices in small and medium scale industries and companies.What is audit independence? What are the effects of increasing accountability and transparency in the corporate sector?Discuss credit management and consequences of the bad debt in commercial banks.Study the impact of budgeting, and control on an organization. How it leads to profit in the manufacturing sector.The importance of source documents in a case study of Orji Chukwu and other chartered accountants for adult investigation.The issues faced in Nigerian Companies by external auditors (A case study of Akintolla Williams and Co. chartered accountants).Forensic accounting in the context of fraud detection and prevention (A case study of ETI OSA Local Government Council, Lagos State).The role played by auditors in keeping a check on fraud in establishments of government (A case study of state primary education board ENUGU).Implementation of an effective audit system in order to enhance corporate accountability ( A case study of Sheffield Risk Management Limited Oweri Imo State).Implementation of an accessment of effective audit and internal control in the public sector.Increasing rural development by using social auditing as a tool ( A case study of Exxon Mobile ket).Effect of tax audit and investigation on revenue generation in Nigeria.Reliability of financial reports and independence of auditors in the banking industry.Internal audit and its impact on detecting fraud and preventing it in future ( A case study of a Nigeria-based power holding company).These are the topics on accounting subject. Students can take help from these topics to write a term paper or dissertation on accounting.。
会计四大假设英语介绍作文
会计四大假设英语介绍作文Accounting is the language of business, providing a systematic way to record, summarize, and report financial transactions. To ensure consistency, comparability, and reliability in financial reporting, accountants rely on a set of fundamental assumptions. These assumptions serve as the foundation for accounting principles and practices. Here is an introduction to the four basic assumptions in accounting:1. Assumption of Going Concern:The going concern assumption is predicated on the belief that an entity will continue its operations for the foreseeable future. This assumption is crucial as it allows accountants to record assets and liabilities at amounts that reflect their use in the entity's ongoing operations. It also means that the entity is not expected to be liquidated or significantly scaled down in the near term.2. Assumption of Consistency:Consistency is about applying accounting policies and methods consistently from one period to another. This assumption ensures that financial statements are comparable over time. Investors and other stakeholders rely on this consistency to make informed decisions. Any changes in accounting policies should be disclosed and justified to maintain transparency.3. Assumption of Accrual Basis Accounting:Unlike cash basis accounting, which only records transactions when cash is exchanged, accrual basis accounting recognizes revenues and expenses when they are earned or incurred, not necessarily when cash is received or paid. This assumption provides a more accurate picture of a company's financial performance by matching revenues with the expenses incurred to generate them.4. Assumption of Monetary Unit:The monetary unit assumption assumes that the currency in which financial records are kept is stable in value. This means that the effects of inflation or deflation are not accounted for in the financial statements. While this simplifies accounting, it can also mask the true financial impact of economic changes over time.Understanding these basic assumptions is essential for anyone studying or working in the field of accounting. They provide the framework within which financial information is interpreted and used to make business decisions. Each assumption plays a vital role in ensuring that financial statements are reliable, relevant, and useful for decision-making purposes.。
关于什么是会计的作文英语
Accounting, often dubbed the language of business, is a field that Ive always found fascinating. Its not just about crunching numbers or balancing ledgers its about understanding the financial health of an organization and helping it make informed decisions. My journey into the world of accounting began in high school, where I took an introductory course that sparked my interest. Since then, Ive delved deeper into the subject, and heres what Ive learned about what accounting truly is.First and foremost, accounting is the systematic recording, summarizing, and reporting of financial transactions. Its a discipline that provides quantitative information about an entitys financial position, performance, and changes in financial position. This information is crucial for various stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and management, to make decisions.One of the core principles of accounting is the doubleentry system, which ensures that every transaction has a dual effect: a debit and a credit. This system helps maintain the balance of the general ledger, which is a comprehensive record of all financial transactions. The ledger, in turn, feeds into the financial statements, the most wellknown of which are the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.The balance sheet, prepared at specific points in time, provides a snapshot of what the company owns assets, owes liabilities, and is worth equity. Its a fundamental tool for assessing a companys financial stability. The income statement, on the other hand, summarizes the revenues, expenses, and net income over a period, offering insights into the profitability of the business.The cash flow statement tracks the inflow and outflow of cash, highlighting the companys ability to generate cash to sustain and grow its operations.Accounting also plays a critical role in budgeting and financial planning. By analyzing past financial data, accountants can help businesses set realistic targets for the future, allocate resources efficiently, and monitor performance against these targets. This forwardlooking aspect of accounting is vital for strategic decisionmaking.Moreover, accounting standards and principles, such as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS, ensure consistency, comparability, and transparency in financial reporting. These standards are essential for maintaining the integrity of financial statements and for building trust among investors and the public.In addition to the traditional aspects of accounting, the field has evolved with the advent of technology. Today, accountants leverage software and tools for data analysis, fraud detection, and risk management. The rise of digital currencies, blockchain technology, and artificial intelligence has also introduced new challenges and opportunities in the accounting profession.My personal experience with accounting has been both educational and rewarding. I remember the first time I prepared a balance sheet from scratch, the sense of accomplishment was immense. It was a tangible demonstration of how individual transactions come together to form a comprehensive picture of a companys financial health.Furthermore, participating in accounting clubs and competitions in high school allowed me to apply theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios. It was through these experiences that I realized the dynamic nature of accounting and its impact on business strategy and decisionmaking.In conclusion, accounting is much more than just numbers its a critical component of business operations. Its a field that requires analytical skills, attention to detail, and a deep understanding of business processes. As I continue to explore this discipline, I am excited about the possibilities it offers and the significant role it plays in shaping the economic landscape. Whether its ensuring compliance with financial regulations or providing insights for strategic business decisions, accounting is truly the backbone of any thriving organization.。
外国会计职业道德参考文献三篇
外国会计职业道德参考文献三篇会计职业道德外国参考文献一：[1]Marta Gluchmanová。
Theoretical and practical aspects of a professional ethics of teaching[J]. Human Affairs,2019,27（1）。
[2]Violeta State. Ethical Behavior and Assuring the Quality of Provided Services – the Case of Accounting Firms[J]. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies,2019,8（1）。
[3]Ying Han Fan,Gordon Woodbine,Wei Cheng. A study of Australian and Chinese accountants’ attitudes towards independence issues and the impact on ethical judgements[J]. Asian Review of Accounting,2019,21（3）。
[4]William E. Shafer,Richard S. Simmons,Rita W. Y. Yip. Social responsibility, professional commitment and tax fraud[J]. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal,2019,29（1）。
[5]Mohammad Nurunnabi. Auditors’ perceptions of the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS）in a developing country[J]. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies,2019,7（1）。
注册会计师审计失败案例研究以立信审计金亚科技为例
注册会计师审计失败案例研究以立信审计金亚科技为例一、本文概述Overview of this article随着经济的发展和资本市场的日益成熟，注册会计师审计在确保企业财务报告真实性、公正性和准确性方面扮演着举足轻重的角色。
然而，审计失败事件仍时有发生，这些失败不仅损害了投资者的利益，也影响了审计行业的声誉和公信力。
本文旨在通过对立信审计金亚科技这一具体案例的深入研究，探讨审计失败的原因、影响及防范措施。
With the development of the economy and the increasing maturity of the capital market, certified public accountant auditing plays a crucial role in ensuring the authenticity, fairness, and accuracy of corporate financial reports. However, audit failures still occur from time to time, which not only harm the interests of investors but also affect the reputation and credibility of the auditing industry. This article aims to explore the reasons, impacts, and preventive measures of audit failures through an in-depth study of the specific case of JinyaTechnology, a subsidiary of Zhongxin Audit.金亚科技作为一家在行业内具有一定影响力的企业，其财务报告的真实性和准确性对于投资者、债权人等利益相关者具有重要意义。
最经典案例分享英文作文
最经典案例分享英文作文One of the most iconic cases in history is the trial of O.J. Simpson. It was a media circus and captured the attention of the entire nation. The trial was filled with drama, controversy, and shocking twists and turns. It was a case that divided the country and sparked intense debates about race, celebrity, and the criminal justice system.The Watergate scandal is another classic case that has left a lasting impact on American politics. It involved a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, which was eventually linked back to the Nixon administration. The scandal led to the resignation of President Nixon and shook the public's trust in the government. It was a pivotal moment in American history and forever changed the way people viewed the presidency and the power of the media.The trial of Amanda Knox in Italy also captivated the world with its sensational and controversial nature. Knox,an American student studying abroad, was accused of murdering her roommate. The case was filled with conflicting evidence, questionable police conduct, and intense media scrutiny. It sparked international outrage and raised serious questions about the fairness of the Italian judicial system.The Enron scandal is a classic case of corporate fraud and corruption that rocked the business world. The energy company's rapid rise and spectacular fall revealed widespread accounting fraud and corruption at the highest levels. It led to the bankruptcy of the company, the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, one of the largest accounting firms in the world, and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which imposed stricter regulations on corporate governance and financial reporting.The case of the Central Park Five is a tragic and controversial example of a miscarriage of justice. Five black and Latino teenagers were wrongfully convicted of raping a white woman in Central Park. They spent years in prison before their convictions were overturned when thereal perpetrator confessed. The case exposed deep-seated racial biases in the criminal justice system and raised important questions about the treatment of minorities in America.The JonBenét Ramsey case is a haunting and unsolved mystery that continues to captivate the public's imagination. The six-year-old beauty queen was found murdered in her family's home, and the case remains unsolved to this day. It has sparked countless theories, investigations, and media coverage, and has become a cultural touchstone for discussions about crime, celebrity, and the media.。
ifrs 英语作文
ifrs 英语作文The Importance and Impact of IFRS in Global Accounting Standards.In today's interconnected global economy, the role of financial reporting and accounting standards has become increasingly significant. Among the various accounting frameworks, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have gained immense popularity and recognition due to their comprehensive nature and global applicability. This essay aims to delve into the importance and impact of IFRS in the field of accounting, highlighting its key features, adoption process, and implications for businesses and stakeholders worldwide.Background and Introduction to IFRS.IFRS, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), represent a set of accounting rules and principles that govern the financial reporting of publiccompanies and other organizations in over 140 jurisdictions worldwide. These standards are designed to ensure transparency, comparability, and reliability in financial statements, thus enhancing the decision-making process for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders.The origins of IFRS date back to the 1970s, when various countries began to recognize the need for harmonization in accounting practices. Over the years, through collaborations and mergers between different accounting standard-setting bodies, the IASB emerged as the primary authority.。
会计决算工作中的问题和改进计划
会计决算工作中的问题和改进计划Accounting financial statement work plays a crucial role in providing stakeholders with a complete and accurate picture of a company's financial health. However, there are several common problems that arise in this process that can impact the reliability and usefulness of financial information. For example, one common issue is the lack of transparency in financial reporting, which can lead to misleading or incomplete information being provided to stakeholders. This can erode trust and confidence in the company's financial statements, ultimately affecting its reputation and relationships with investors and other stakeholders. Therefore, it is essential to address these issues and implement improvements to enhance the quality and credibility of accounting financial statements.会计决算工作在向利益相关方提供公司财务健康状况完整准确的图景中发挥着至关重要的作用。
开票单位 英语单词
开票单位英语单词Billing Entity: An Essential Aspect of Invoicing and Financial Transparency.In the realm of business transactions and financial record-keeping, the concept of a "billing entity" plays a pivotal role. This term refers to the organization or individual responsible for issuing invoices and receiving payments for goods or services rendered. Understanding the billing entity is crucial for ensuring accurate invoicing, maintaining financial transparency, and fostering trust between buyer and seller.At its core, the billing entity is the legal or organizational identity that appears on invoices and other financial documents. This identity is typically associated with a unique tax registration number or other identifying codes, which facilitate tax reporting and compliance. The billing entity can be a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, individual, or any other entityrecognized by law as capable of entering into contracts and engaging in commercial activities.Invoices issued by the billing entity serve as the primary documentation of a transaction, detailing the products or services sold, the terms of payment, and any applicable taxes or fees. The accuracy of these invoices is paramount, as they directly impact the financial records of both the seller and the buyer. Incorrect invoices can lead to discrepancies in accounting, tax audits, and even legal disputes.The billing entity is also responsible for ensuringthat invoices are issued in a timely manner, adhering to any applicable laws or industry standards. Delayedinvoicing can affect cash flow and working capital, potentially causing financial strain for both parties involved. Therefore, it is essential for the billing entity to have efficient systems and processes in place to manage invoicing and payment collections.Financial transparency is another crucial aspect of thebilling entity. Buyers and sellers alike have a right to expect that the financial details of a transaction are accurately represented and easily accessible. The billing entity should be transparent about its pricing policies, payment terms, and any additional costs associated with a transaction. This transparency not only builds trust but also encourages repeat business and customer loyalty.Moreover, the billing entity plays a vital role in tax compliance. By issuing invoices with accurate tax information, the billing entity ensures that both it andits customers are fulfilling their tax obligations. This helps maintain the integrity of the tax system and prevents tax evasion or fraud.In the global business environment, the billingentity's role becomes even more complex. Cross-border transactions involve different currencies, tax laws, and regulatory frameworks. The billing entity must have a thorough understanding of these intricacies to ensure that invoices are issued correctly and comply with all applicable regulations.In summary, the billing entity is a fundamental component of any business transaction. It is responsible for accurate invoicing, financial transparency, tax compliance, and ensuring smooth payment collections. By understanding and appreciating the role of the billing entity, businesses can foster trust, maintain financial health, and grow their customer base.。
大数据与会计专业的毕业实习报告英语
大数据与会计专业的毕业实习报告英语Big Data and the Future of Accounting: An Internship Report.Introduction.The advent of big data has revolutionized various industries, including accounting. With the exponential growth of data generated by businesses and individuals, accountants now have access to vast amounts of information that can transform the way they work. This internship report explores the transformative impact of big data on the accounting profession and the essential role that accounting interns can play in leveraging this data to drive value for organizations.The Ascendance of Big Data in Accounting.Big data refers to the massive and complex datasets that are too large and intricate for traditional dataprocessing tools. In accounting, big data encompasses awide range of data sources, including financial transactions, customer data, operational data, and social media data. The sheer volume, variety, and velocity of this data present both opportunities and challenges for accountants.Opportunities:Enhanced Data Analytics: Big data analytics tools enable accountants to analyze data in new and innovative ways, uncovering insights that were previously hidden.Improved Decision-Making: With access to granular data, accountants can make more informed decisions, reducing risk and improving business outcomes.Automation and Efficiency: Big data technologies can automate repetitive tasks, such as data entry and reconciliation, freeing up accountants to focus on higher-value activities.Value Creation: Accountants can leverage big data to identify new revenue streams, optimize operations, and enhance customer experiences, creating significant valuefor organizations.Challenges:Data Management: Managing and securing large datasets poses challenges in terms of storage, processing, and governance.Skill Gap: The accounting profession faces a shortage of professionals with the skills and expertise required to analyze and interpret big data.Data Quality: Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of big data is essential for making meaningful inferences.Ethical Considerations: The privacy and ethical implications of collecting and using big data must be carefully considered.The Role of Accounting Interns.Accounting interns play a vital role in helping organizations harness the power of big data. Their enthusiasm, fresh perspectives, and eagerness to learn make them ideal candidates to drive data-driven initiatives.Data Analysis and Interpretation: Interns can assist with data analysis, using statistical techniques and visualization tools to uncover trends and patterns.Data Visualization: They can create compelling data visualizations that communicate findings effectively to stakeholders.Data Management and Security: Interns can help ensure the integrity and security of big data by developing and implementing data management policies.Tool Development and Implementation: They can contribute to the development and implementation of big data tools and technologies.Case Study: The Impact of Big Data on Auditing.One notable example of big data's impact on accountingis in the field of auditing. Traditional auditing methods involved sampling transactions and records, which could be time-consuming and limited in scope. Big data analytics, on the other hand, enables auditors to examine entire datasets, identifying anomalies and patterns that may indicate fraudor errors.Interns can play a key role in big data auditing by:Writing data extraction scripts to retrieve relevant data from various sources.Analyzing data using statistical software to identify outliers and anomalies.Developing dashboards and visualizations to communicate audit findings effectively.Conclusion.Big data has the potential to transform the accounting profession, empowering accountants with unprecedented insights and value-creation opportunities. Accounting interns have a crucial role to play in leveraging this data to drive innovation, improve decision-making, and create competitive advantages for organizations. By embracing big data and acquiring the necessary skills, interns can position themselves as future leaders in the data-driven accounting landscape.。
财务欺骗的英文作文
财务欺骗的英文作文Financial fraud is a serious issue that can have devastating consequences for individuals, businesses, and even entire economies. It involves deceitful practices such as falsifying financial statements, embezzling funds, or manipulating stock prices.The perpetrators of financial fraud often go to great lengths to cover their tracks and deceive investors, regulators, and the public. They may use complex schemes and techniques to hide their illegal activities and create the appearance of financial stability and success.One common form of financial fraud is insider trading, where individuals with access to confidential information about a company use that information to make trades and profit illegally. This can have a significant impact on the integrity of financial markets and erode trust in the system.Another form of financial fraud is accounting fraud, where companies manipulate their financial statements to inflate revenues, understate expenses, or conceal losses. This can mislead investors and creditors about the true financial health of the company and lead to significant financial losses.In some cases, financial fraud can be perpetrated by entire organizations or even governments. This can have far-reaching consequences, affecting not only the individuals directly involved but also innocent stakeholders who may suffer financial losses or reputational damage as a result.Overall, financial fraud is a serious crime that undermines the integrity of financial markets and erodes trust in the system. It is important for individuals, businesses, and regulators to remain vigilant and take steps to prevent and detect fraud before it causes irreparable harm.。
大数据对会计的影响英语作文
大数据对会计的影响英语作文Title: The Impact of Big Data on AccountingThe rapid advancement of technology in recent years has revolutionized various industries, and accounting is no exception.Big data, in particular, has emerged as a game-changer, transforming the way accountants perform their duties.This essay aims to explore the impact of big data on accounting in detail.First and foremost, big data has significantly enhanced the efficiency of accounting processes.traditional accounting processes were often manual and time-consuming, prone to errors and delays.However, with the advent of big data, accounting software can now process large volumes of data quickly and accurately.This has not only reduced the workload of accountants but has also allowed them to focus on more strategic tasks, such as financial analysis and planning.Moreover, big data has enabled accountants to provide more accurate and reliable financial information.With the ability to analyze vast amounts of data, accountants can now identify trends and patterns that were previously unnoticeable.This, in turn, leads to more informed decision-making by management, as they have access to more comprehensive and up-to-date financial information.Furthermore, big data has also improved the compliance and risk management capabilities of accounting departments.Accountants cannow use advanced data analytics techniques to detect potential fraud or errors in financial records.By identifying red flags and anomalies, accountants can take proactive measures to mitigate risks and ensure compliance with relevant regulations.In addition, the automation of certain accounting tasks has reduced the likelihood of errors and fraud.Big data analytics can help detect inconsistencies and discrepancies in financial data, making it easier for accountants to identify and address potential issues.This not only improves the accuracy of financial reporting but also enhances the overall integrity of the financial system.Lastly, big data has facilitated greater collaboration between accountants and other stakeholders within an organization.By sharing relevant financial data with colleagues in other departments, such as marketing or operations, accountants can gain a better understanding of the organization"s overall performance.This collaboration can lead to more informed decision-making and a greater alignment of financial goals with the organization"s strategic objectives.In conclusion, the impact of big data on accounting cannot be overstated.It has transformed the way accountants perform their duties, enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and compliance while also promoting collaboration within organizations.As technology continues to evolve, it is likely that the role of big data in accounting will only continue to grow,shaping the future of the accounting profession.。
介绍孟晚舟英语作文
介绍孟晚舟英语作文Meng Wanzhou, also known as Sabrina Meng, is a Chinese businesswoman who currently serves as the CFO of Huawei Technologies. She is the daughter of Ren Zhengfei, the founder of Huawei. Meng Wanzhou was born on February 13, 1972, in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China. She holds a bachelor's degree in accounting and a master's degree in management science from Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Meng Wanzhou joined Huawei in 1993 and has since played a key role in the company's global expansion. Under her leadership, Huawei has become one of the world's leading telecommunications equipment and consumer electronics manufacturers. Meng Wanzhou is widely credited with driving Huawei's international growth and establishing the company as a major player in the technology industry.In December 2018, Meng Wanzhou was arrested in Vancouver, Canada, at the request of the United States government. She faces charges of bank fraud, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit bank and wire fraud. The US alleges that Meng Wanzhou misled banks about Huawei's business dealings in Iran, violating US sanctions against the country.The arrest of Meng Wanzhou has sparked a diplomatic dispute between China and the US, with Chinese officials accusing the US of using Meng Wanzhou's case as a political tool to undermine Huawei's global competitiveness. The Chinese government has called for Meng Wanzhou's release and has accused the US of violating her rights.Meng Wanzhou's legal case is ongoing, and she continues to fight extradition to the US. Her arrest has raised concerns about the politicization of the legal system and the impact of theUS-China trade war on global business operations.Despite the controversy surrounding her arrest, Meng Wanzhou remains a respected figure in the technology industry and is widely regarded as a successful businesswoman. She has received numerous awards and accolades for her contributions to Huawei and the technology sector. Meng Wanzhou's case has highlighted the complex relationship between business, politics, and law in the modern world.。
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THE IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING FRAUD
会计舞弊的影响
1..The paper finds that financial pressure faces by the listed
companies is the direct incentives contributing to the fraudulent financial reports,while the ineffective corporate governance,poor CPA audit quality and insufficient punishment provide opportunity for fraudulent financial reporting.
财务报告舞弊严重干扰了证券市场秩序,损害了投资人利益。
(总) 2.With the gradual development of Chinese stock market,
accounting information disclosed by public companies has become an important source of information to investors when they are making their decisions, but because the financial statements frauds break out frequently in Chinese stock market. 随着我国证券市场的日益发展,上市公司公开披露的会计信息越来越成为投资者进行决策的重要信息来源,但是由于我国证券市场上的财务报告舞弊事件频频发生,损害了广大报告使用者的利益,在很大程度上造成他们对证券市场的信心不足,破坏了我国证券市场的健康发展。
3.Now,the phenomenon of accounting cheating is very serious.
当前,普遍存在做假账等会计舞弊行为,严重损害了国家利益并引发社会腐败
.
4.At present,the phenomenon of accounting malpra ct ices in China
is more and more intensive,this makes the reputation of Chinese ac countancy face the most severe belief crisis in history,This paper analyses the deep cause of accounting malpractices.
目前会计舞弊的行为愈演愈烈,使我国会计业面临着有史以来
最严重的信任危机。
5.But accounting malpractices is the hinder of the stock market
healthy development in China.
规范的信息披露是维护证券市场公开、公平、公正的根本保证,而会计舞弊却是阻碍我国资本市场健康发展的“毒瘤”。
在金融行业具体的表现有：
6.Reduce the level of trust that owners have that managers are in
fact acting in the interest of the owners and able to exert control.
所有权人对于管理者运用控制权的信赖程度下降(激化经营者与所有权人之间的矛盾)
7.confidence people have in the running major companies
decreased sharply. Responses of “A Great Deal” fell from an average of 25.6% in 1994-2000 to 17.3% in 2002; “Only Some”
went from 58.4% to 62.7%; and “Hardly Any” rose from 11.7% to 17.9%. Faced with this sudden and intense public scrutiny
and subsequent drop in investor confidence, top managers throughout the corporate world had to decide whether and how to react and bolster their image.
人们对于运营公司的信心正在降低。
一个报告表明，在1994-2000年到2002年，很有信心的人的比例从25.6%下降到17.3%。
只有一些信心的比例从58.4%上升到62.7%，几乎没有信心的比例从11.7%上升到17.9%。
面对这些突然而且频繁的公众焦虑，以及不断下降的投资者的信心，总经理们要做出如何表现，并且重新塑造他们的形象。
8.firms will have shifted the way in which they account for firm
performance by tailoring their message to these changed perceptions.
公司必须要转变他们的会计处理的方式。
他们要通过适当处理信息来记账公司的行为，以改变他们的观念。
9.institutional investors such as mutual funds, pension funds, and
bank trusts control a sizeable portion of publicly-traded U.S.
corporations.
机构投资人如互惠基金，养老基金，银行信托将要控制着美国公开交易的相当大比重。
10.shareholders of other firms who employe Arthur Andersen may
have wondered if unreported misdeeds and interdependent
auditing were happening at their firm, too, which would have forced the firms’ managers to react.
其他公司的股东雇佣像安达信这样的事务所的可能会对没有被报道处来的罪行和相互依赖的审计表示怀疑，这会迫使公司的经营者采取必要行动，进行反思。
11.firms tended to assign blame for negative outcomes
公司开始对不良的财务收支情况进行谴责。