C11.exercises

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Exercises

EXERCISESI. Match the following items and the text. They refer to preparing and sending the paper.1. Choice of the journal ………………………….2. Guidelines …………………………3. Length of the paper …………………………4 . Cover letter ………………………….5. Declaration ………………………….6. Confirmation of receipt ………………………….7. Review process ………………………….a) The usual length of a paper is about 6,000 to 9,000 words, i.e., about 6 to 9 pages (however, mathematics papers can be longer). Do not exceed this figure because some journals may return the paper for shortening. One journal page = 1,000 words.b) The journal´s editor will confirm that the contribution has been received and will forward it to a reviewer who will then judge the quality of the paper and often also your English.c) Almost all journals now appear also in electronic form. Your supervisor will know which journal in your field is the most suitable for you. You can also find one when searching for papers by keywords. However, not all the papers you find in this way give the name of the journal.d) All journals inform about their publication policy on their web pages. They give detailed information to authors on how to prepare a paper for submission and even offer a form/template for electronic submission.e) Some journals will publish a paper only if a statement is attached saying that the paper presents an original contribution to the researched problem and that the facts have not been published elsewhere. (See Exercise XXXIV.)f) To submit the paper, check if the journal accepts papers only in electronic form (which is becoming prevailing practice) or if a hard copy is to be sent as well. It is polite to accompany the paper with a short cover letter (sometimes a blank space is left on the submission form). (See also Guidelines for Academic Writing: How to write a formal letter).g) After the paper has been peer-reviewed, you will most probably be asked to revise some sections or parts and to work on your English, i.e. correct language errors, change some formulations or even the style, as required by the journal. When you have done that, send the paper back and wait for the announcement that it has been accepted for publication. TitleII. What errors can you find in the following titles?1. Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants Aren´t the Solution.2. The Burn-up Calculations of the Dukovany and Temelín Nuclear Power Plant Fuel for the Independent State Monitoring System in the Czech Republic.3. Why Are The Wavelength And Delivery Systems The Most Important Factors In using A Dental Hard-Tissue Laser?Ad 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Ad 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. AD 3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Author´s /Authors´ names and AffiliationsIII. Choose a topic from your present research on which you would like to write a paper. Think about what you would like to call it and whom you would like to have as co-authors/a co-author. Following the advice given above, give the title of your paper, authors´ names and affiliations, and contact address.AbstractIV. Fill in verbs in the tense and voice (active/passive) appropriate in the given context.1. Dynamic Behavior of the Doubly Fed Induction Generatorduring Three-Phase Voltage DipsThe use of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) in large wind turbines …………………………………….. (become) quite common over the last few years. These machines ………………………………. (provide) variable speed and …………………………………. (drive) with a power converter which is sized for a small percentage of the turbine-rated power. A drawback of the DFIG …………………………….. (be) that it ………………………………. (be) very sensitive to grid disturbances, especially to voltage dips. However, the operation of this machine in these situations ………………………………… only ………………………….. (study) in the literature by means of simulations. This paper ……………………………….. (develop) a theoretical analysis of the dynamic behavior of the induction machine during three-phase voltage dips. The proposed analysis …………………………………….. (contribute) to understanding the causes of the problem and …………………………………….. (represent) a very useful tool to improve the existing solutions and propose new alternatives. Experimental results ………………………………….. (be) in good agreement with those obtained theoretically and …………………………………. (validate) the proposed analysis.(From IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 3, Sept. 2007, p. 709)2. Phthalocynanine Layers for Humidity DetectionThis study ………………………………… (deal) with research into different types of phthalocynanines for humidity detection. Thin layers of various phthalocynanines ………………………………………. (expose) to water vapours and their electrical properties ………………………………….. (measure). Potentially suitable materials ……………………………………… (deposit) on the substrates with interdigital electrodes. Subsequently, impedance-humidity characteristics …………………………………. (measure). Comparison of these materials, their features and responses to humidity ………………………………. (discuss) in more detail. (Abstract by a PhD student)V. Read the following abstract.a) In which parts of the paper could the sentences listed below (1-4) be used?Output and Efficiency of the Closed-Cycle Gas TurbineThe paper considers the closed-cycle gas turbine plant from the educational aspect ofknowledge and understanding. The special qualitative features of the T-s diagram arediscussed and a quantitative treatment of a simple model is presented. A new expression forthe maximum efficiency is given and interesting aspects of the results are discussed.Technical and educational conclusions are drawn from the work.(Used with the publisher´s permission)a)1. The paper considers ... ……………………………………………………….2. The special qualitative features … ……………………………………………………….3. A new expression for … ………………………………………………………..4. Technical and educational aspects … ……………………………………………………….b) Add keywords to the abstract. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..c) Read the title and the abstract once more. Does the title convey well the content of theabstract? Try to reformulate it. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………VI. Study the following text.A systematic modelling and simulation approach for JIT performance optimisationRobust computer-aided simulation and modelling tools help to visualise, analyse and optimise complex production processes with a reasonable amount of time and investment. Areview of the literature shows that simulation and modelling have not been extensivelyapplied in just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing environments. Also there remains a lack of a comprehensive mechanism to identify the most significant JIT drivers for the purpose ofsystem process optimisation. The prime objective of this study is to close this gap byapplying computer based simulation tools and linear mathematical modelling to identify theimpact of selected key JIT parameters on performance in an automotive component—manufacturing environment. Research shows that variables such as inconsistent task distribution, variation on operator performance, misconception of total quality managementphilosophy and lack of set-up time elimination plans disrupt ideal JIT production. In thisstudy, ProModel simulation and modelling software is used to model and simulate different experimental scenarios in order to understand and quantify the impact of selected input keyJIT variables on objective functions (i.e. process time and takt time). The outcome is a robust mathematical model that highlights the significance of JIT drivers in the manually operatedmixed-model assembly lines.(From Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 24, 2008, p. 735)Which lines describe1. the topic ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2. the background ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3. the method(s) and approach ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4. the results ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5. the conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Give the numbers of the lines and the first words of the first sentence(s).VII. The paragraphs in the following abstract have been scrambled.i. Rearrange them so that they form a cohesive text.ii. Suggest a title and keywords.a) Here, we focused on developing a method to detect a person trying to illegally cross the border by hiding in a car.b) Due to the high sensitivity of the pressure sensor, consideration was given to the effect of external disturbances such as ground vibration and wind force acting on the car.c) The proposed method is based on pneumatics. A silicon tube (inner diameter 4mm) with one end plugged by a highly sensitive pressure sensor and the other end capped is sandwiched between two rigid boards and placed on the ground at the entrance gate of the border.d) This paper describes a novel method for detecting the presence of a person hiding in a car. One of the important strategies of homeland security is border control. In particular, strict and effective monitoring to control illegal immigration is a key strategy for maintaining public safety and a healthy local economy, and is essential for preventing the entry of terrorists.e) Here, we propose a heartbeat detection filter robust against disturbances but sensitive to the heartbeat signal and an index to discriminate between the presence and non-presence of a person, and we present the experimental results obtained using the proposed method under various disturbance conditions.f) When one wheel of the car is on the board and the engine is stopped, the pressure sensor can detect human vital signs such as heartbeat, which cannot be concealed.(From IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 11, no. 9, Sept. 2011, p. 1872)i. 1. ….. 2. ….. 3. ….. 4. ….. 5. ….. 6. …..ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………VIII. Imagine you are someone interested in renewable energy sources, especially wind power. Read the following abstract written by a student and say whether you would/would not like to read the whole paper and why. Is there any information you miss? Comparison of the Abstract with the Conclusion might be helpful.AbstractWind power plants must provide the same power quality as other power plants. Special attention is paid to the requirement of supplied energy stability because wind power plants are connected to the grid. It is very important to understand the sources of disturbances that affect power quality. The main parameters monitored are frequency and voltage, which have to be kept as stable as possible. The current and power can also be measured. However, the relationship between voltage quality and energy quality is unknown.Now read the conclusion.ConclusionFrom the measurements described above it is obvious that the wind turbine operation agrees with the EN 50160 standard. The only problem arose with flicker as the measured data were not realistic. Consequently, flicker will have to be measured again. All the other parameters did, however, meet the standard.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………IX. In which parts of the abstract can you find the following phrases?a) Quite recently, considerable attention has been paid to ………b) X was computed with the finite difference formula …………c) The results show clearly that …………..d) The issues related to ………….. are briefly addressed …………e) X is in very good agreement with ………..f) The comparison of numerical results with ………… confirms that ………….g) The paper summarizes our knowledge of …………..h) Progress has been made towards understanding ………….i) Nevertheless, more experimental data are required.j) This paper presents ……………k) The technique applied has confirmed that ……………..l) X and Y were compared.m) It can be concluded that ………..1. topic and background ……………………………………………………………………………….2. method and approach ……………………………………………………………………………….3. results ………………………………………………………………………………4. conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………….X. Choose a paper from a journal in your field. Distribute copies of the abstract to the class. Say whether you find it well-written or not quite satisfactory. Give reasons.Take into account both the content and wording.e the topic of your Master Thesis(even if written in Czech), and think of two sentences introducing the problem, two sentences saying how you solved it, two giving the results and one drawing the conclusion. Try to formulate them in English, paying attention to grammar. Make use of the phrases presented in Guidelines for Academic Writing: How to write a paper (Useful phrases).Now compare your English abstract with the one from your Thesis. What have you found? How many words have you used? Add keywords.XII. Use the abstract you have prepared in Ex. VIII. and develop each part to obtain about 200 words.XIII. Write an abstract on the research project you are now involved in.1. State the motivation, the topic, its background and importance (2 sentences).2. State the purpose of your research (1 sentence)3. Describe the method of addressing the issue (2 sentences)4. Present the results (2 sentences)5. Draw conclusions from the results (1 sentence)Finally, count the number of words you have used. Are you within the usual abstract word limit? If not, extend the abstract by using supporting facts.Add keywords.Sections of the paperIntroductionXIV. Fill the gaps with the appropriate tense and voice of the verbs given in capitals.1. Currently, there …………………………. a growing interest to develop technology that………………………………… objects to become interactive with digital services accessibleon the Internet. BE, ALLOW2. Traditionally, physicians …………………………………… palpation to detect breast cancer. USE3. Simulation results ………………………………… in Section III. PRESENT4. A discrete model ………………………………. by X et al. in 1990 [4]. OBTAIN5. Many researchers ……………………………….. to find a solution to this problem [4] – [8] but without success so far. TRY6. There ……………………………. a growing interest in the development and application ofrenewable energy sources over the last decade. BE7. Coal-fired plants ………………………………… to vary their outputs in response to changingelectricity demand. OBLIGE (now)8. This paper ……………………………………. as follows. ORGANIZE9. X [4] ……………………………….. that low development and maintenance costs have led to the increasing popularity of component-based development. ARGUE10. Induction motors ……………………………………. as a universally accepted choice in industrial applications. REGARD11. The implementation of information systems ………………………………… increasingly…………………………………….. in significant impacts upon the host organization´s culture.RESULT12. The paper ……………………………… the difference in specific spectra of the PPG signalbetween pre-alcohol and post-alcohol intake states. INVESTIGATEXV. Complete the texts with the appropriate forms of the verbs given below.1.include be develop reach devote Considerable efforts ……………………………………………… to studying the scheduling problemof energy storage devices. Promising results …………………………………………. in most studies in terms of electricity savings. These approaches …………………………………….. the decomposition technique [3], dynamic programming [4], Lagrange relaxation [5], and nonlinear programming [6]. Although the features of these scheduling methods ………………………….. different, they ……………………………………… in order to reduce their computation time or memory requirements.(From IEEE transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, No. 3, Sept. 2007, p. 774)2.present develop achieve describe show prove be (2x)The prototype which ………………………………………… is fully ………………………………………….in this paper. The last section ………………………………. the experimental results, which …………………………………………… good agreement with the computed values.The study …………………………………. that this series DESM ……………………………………. an interesting solution for widening the motor speed range with an improved efficiency: a speed increase of 2.8 …………………………………….., while for the surface PM synchronous motor it …………………………………… less than 2.(From IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 3, Sept. 2007, p. 656)3.investigate fall proposeFor this reason, several alternative approaches for the implementation of the PSM ………………………………………………… [2]. In general, these techniques …………………………………under three major groups: angle rotation [3]-[8], ROM compression [9]-[14], and polynomial interpolation methods [15]-[25]. The use of nonlinear DACs [26]-[32] and the application of delta-sigma techniques [33]-[37] ……………………………………. also ………………………………... in literature.(From IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, I: Regular Papers, vol. 58., no. 10,Oct. 2011, p. 2409)4.be concerned be (2x) take placeCalculus of integer orders …………………………………….. once the basic essential mathematical tool for analysis, synthesis, response behavior, theorems, and many novel applications for any dynamical system from 1695 until 1960. However, these integer values …………………………a very narrow subset of the real orders, and so during the last five decades, a dramatic shift ………………………………………….. and many scientific researchers …………………………………………. instead with fractional calculus.(From IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, I: Regular Papers, vol. 58, no. 10,Oct. 2011, p. 2388)5.operate reach be considerWind energy ……………………………………. now …………………………………….. as an actual alternative to the conventional and pollutant energy sources such as oil, gas, and coal. Global wind power ………………………………… 47 GW in 2004 with a 20% growth in this year [1]. Due to their advantageous characteristics, most of the grid connected wind turbines ………………………………….. at a variable speed [2]. Among the different alternatives to obtain variable speed, the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) …………………………… the most used. (From IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 3, Sept. 2007, p. 709)XVI. Read carefully the following introduction. Find all the verbs and explain the use of different tenses in each sentence (stated fact, general objective, dated fact, gradual change, particular part of the research).To understand the text correctly, it is important to know that the year of its publication was 2003.Diffusing the Internet in the Arab World: The Role ofSocial Norms and Technological Culturation1. The regional setting is dynamic.2. Internet use and the general demand for information technology (IT) hardware and services in the Middle East are growing, with a projected market value of 8.9 billion dollars by 2005 [1].3. Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) accounted for about 59% of 2001 demand and as much as 64% of the future forecast.4. In 2001, the launching of Egypt´s first free Internet service provider Noorillustrated wide commitment to market opportunities. 5. It is no wonder that the Internet and burgeoning world of e-commerce and Net-enhancement are viewed as engines of economic growth for Egypt in the 21st century, and why Arab countries such as Egypt are exemplars of how to leapfrog [2] into the IT era [3]. 6. While it is easy to ride this wave of enthusiasm for innovations such as the Internet, failing to understand the factors that influence diffusion at the micro level is still a threat. 7. Past experience shows that technology diffusion is not a straightforward process [4]. 8. Based on prior theoretical work, our field study gathered quantitative and qualitative data from Arab knowledge workers and top and middle-level managers, nearly all of whom were Internet-savvy. 9. We examine the acceptance of the Internet by the respondents themselves as well as their perceptions of organizational acceptance.(From IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management vol. 50, No. 1, Feb. 2003, p. 45)1. is stated fact2. ………………………………………………….3. ………………………………………………….4. ..……………………………………………….5. …………………………………………………6. …………………………………………………7. ………………………………………………..8. ………………………………………………..9. ………………………………………………..XVII. Fill in verbs from the list below. Sometimes more than one verb is appropriate. Check whether you understand all the verbs.deal play do perform appear find take address investigate propose concentrate devote gain become focus lack obtain pay carry out arrive study1. Experimentation has always ………………………… an important role.2. Ceramic materials have been ………………………… in importance in recent years.3. A great effort has been ………………………… to …4. Considerable attention has been ………………………… to ...5. Much research has been ………………………… out on …6. This issue has been widely ………………………… for several years.7. Much research on … has been ……………………… by X and Y.8. In recent years, research on … has ……………………….. very popular.9. Current research is ………………………… on …10. Several publications on ... have ………………………… in recent years.11. Researchers from the Škoda Research Institute have ………………………… various methods for … .12. Only very few publications can be …………………………. in the literature that …13. However, very few publications have …………………………. into account the fact that …14. There are still some interesting and relevant issues to be ……………………………….15. However, studies on … are still ……………………………….16. The results ……………………………….. by X suggest that …17. Our team has …………………………… at the conclusion that …18. The paper I am going to review …………………………….. with …19. Our study is …………………………... with …XVIII. Choose a paper from a journal in your field. Distribute copies of the introduction tothe class. Say whether you find it well-written or not quite satisfactory. Give reasons.Take into acount both the content and wording.XIX. Write ten sentences in English to highlight the main points of the Introduction sectionof your Master thesis.Body/Core of the paperMaterials and Methods/Methods of ApproachXX. Underline the verb forms (with the exception of infinitives and past participles) in thefollowing extracts and explain the use of tenses.1.The resonators were initially exposed to 1500 sccm dry air at 35°C for over six hours todrive off H2O from the substrate surfaces. Following this, the flow rate was reduced to 100sccm and the humidity was increased by 825 ppm every 60 minutes, for seven hours. Theresults of this experiment are depicted in Fig. 4.With the initial application of 825 ppm humid air, the normal frequency shift of the pureSH-SAW resonator is 11.9 ppm. For each subsequent 825 increase in humidity thereafter, the normalized frequency shift changes by less than 5.1 ppm.(From IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 11, no. 9, Sept. 2011, p. 1772)2.Fig. 4 shows the sensing device used in the verification experiments. Forty-eightrectangular shaped spacers with dimensions 400x30x10 mm are set on the base board. Thespacers are made of a soft, sponge type material. Six silicon tubes, each with a pressuresensor, are set among the spacers. The tubes cover the entire area of the board and arecompressed by vertical and horizontal forces, as shown in the front view in Fig. 1. …. A lowfrequency microphone (…….) was selected as the highly sensitive pressure sensor.(From IEEE Sensors Journal, vol.11,no. 9,Sept. 2011, p. 1874)3.However, this method is not easy to implement as the average wind power …. has to bepredicted ahead of time. Unless the prediction is accurate, the wind can accelerate ordecelerate the turbine outside its stable operating range. The constant power strategy is notadvised in practice.(From IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 3, Sept. 2007, p. 787)4.An Avista Laboratories SR-12 500 W PEM fuel cell was used to obtain data for testing themodels. The SR-12 is a self-contained unit with a 48-cell PEM stack in 12 removablecartridges, startup battery, cooling fan, and control hardware. The SR-12 uses high-purity99.95% hydrogen delivered at 7 psi.(From IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 3, Sept. 2007, p. 750)XXI. What information did you present in the Materials and Methods section of yourMaster thesis? How many parts did you divide it into? What tenses would you use if youwere to present it in English? Give examples.ResultsXXII. Read the following part of a Results section and comment on the tenses in thenumbered sentences.Development of Sensing Device to Detect Persons Hiding in a Car1. Fig. 11(a-d) shows the histogram of the index when one person or two persons are (a) inthe driver´s seat of the camper, (b) in the assistant driver´s seat, (c) in a seat in the backcabin, and (d) on the roof. 2. Fig. 11(e) is the histogram of the index when no one was in thecar and no one was walking near the car, and when many people were walking in the vicinityof the car, as shown in Fig. 11(e). ……………………………………………………… . 3. Fig. 11(e) showsthe results when no one was in the car and there were either weak or strong disturbancevibrations. 4. The distribution is similar to that shown in Fig. 10 when no one was in thesedan-type car. 5. The most frequent distribution is concentrated around F = 0.015. 6. As canbe seen from the histogram in Fig. 11(a)-(e), index F decreases in proportion to the distancebetween the person´s position and the sensing device board. 7. This is because the signalattenuates in proportion to the distance. 8. However, when a person is in the car, even aslight body movement provides a greater value of index F. 9. Thus, the distribution is morewidely spread than when no one is in the car. 10. Even with the difference in histogramdistribution due to the different cars and hiding positions, there was still a clear difference indistribution when people were in the car and when no one was in the car. 11. Index F can beused to discriminate between the presence and nonpresence of people in a car beinginspected.(From: IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 11, No. 9, Oct. 2011, p. 1876)1. shows, are ………………………………………………………………………2. is; was, was walking, were walking ………………………………………………………………………3. shows; was, were ……………………………………………………………………..4. is; was ……………………………………………………………………..5. is concentrated ………………………………………………………………………6. can be seen; decreases ………………………………………………………………………7. is; attenuates ……………………………………………………………………………..8. is; provides ………………………………………………………………………9. is spread, is ………………………………………………………………………10. was, were, was ……………………………………………………………………..11. can be used ……………………………………………………………………..XXIII. What were the main results of your Master thesis? Summarize them in five to tensentences.DiscussionXXIV. Read the extracts from the Discussion below. What is their purpose?Development of Sensing Device to Detect Persons Hiding in a Car1. From the histograms in Figs. 9-11, we considered how to set a threshold T h for judging the presence or non-presence of a person hiding in the car. …………………………………….. . For both the sedan and the camper, if index F is less than 0.12, there is a 90% probability that no one is hiding in the vehicle.2. The results do not perfectly discriminate between the presence and non-presence of a person due to the disturbance from the dynamic pressure of wind and ground vibration. If the inspection was conducted in a closed area, the judgment accuracy would be improved. Nonetheless, by identifying the high probability of a concealed person, a more detailed inspection could be carried out, which would make the inspection procedure more efficient.3. Regarding detection time, the X-ray method requires shorter time than this system, but [6] indicates the danger of using the X-ray method for finding illegal immigrants because of their exposure to X-rays. This system needs more detection time than X-ray because the system requires the drivers and all fellow passengers to get out of the vehicles, but compared with the hands-on searching by border officers, the system can reduce the detection time without the dangers such as the exposure to radiation.(From IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 11, no. 9, Sept. 2011, pp. 1876 – 1878)1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. XXV. Did you include a separate Discussion section in your Master thesis or did you make it part of the Results section? Give reasons.Conclusion(s)XXVI. First read the extracts from the following Introduction. Then study the Conclusion. Compare the extracts with the Conclusion and say whether the Conclusion provides answers to the problem as stated in the Introduction.Development of Sensing Device to Detect Persons Hiding in a CarIntroductionIllegal immigration from neighboring countries is a serious problem ………………………………. . Accurate devices to quickly and easily find people hiding in vehicles are necessary to maintain strict border control as well as make the illegal immigration procedure more effective.Generally, a border officer checks the inside and/or outside of a vehicle to determine if anyone is hiding there. ……………………………………… . Alternatives to this manual method have been considered, such as the X-ray equipment …………………………………… [4] and …………………… …………………… [5]. However, these methods require a high initial cost …………………………………. . Moreover, the danger of using the X-ray method for finding illegal immigrants is indicated because the illegal immigrants would be exposed to X-rays [6]. A simpler method which uses microvibrations to detect a concealed person has been proposed [7]. We also proposed a similar method ………………………………. [8].These methods, however, are sensitive not only to human microvibrations but also to external disturbances such as ground vibration and wind force acting on the vehicle.This paper describes a novel pneumatic method that uses silicon air tubes and a low-frequency condenser microphone as a pressure sensor highly sensitive to the heartbeat signals of a person hiding in a vehicle but robust against external disturbances such as。

2023-2024学年七年级上学期第一次月考英语试题

2023—2024学年第一学期七年级英语科月考试卷一、单项选择(每小题1分，共20分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

( )1. —Can Amy play ________ drums?—Yes. And she can play ________ chess, too.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; 不填D. a；不填( )2. Li Jing often helps me ________ my geography.A. atB. inC. ofD. with( )3. —Mike, what’s your favorite subject, math ________ science?—Math.A. andB. orC. butD. so( )4. Mom, I need you ________ me a pencil box.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. to buying( )5. Helen likes the ________ Where are we going, Dad? very much.A. showB. testC. tripD. festival( )6. Linda’s brother can’t ________ “apple”, but he ________ “banana” easily.A. spell; spellsB. spell; spellC. spells; spellsD. spells; spell( )7. My brother Peter is good at ______ model planes.A. makeB. makesC. to makeD. making( )8. We want four tall boys ________ the school music festival.A. onB. fromC. withD. for( )9. —Let’s join the scienc e club. —________.A. Come onB. Here you areC. You, tooD. Sounds good( )10. —Must I finish my homework today?—No,________. You can finish it tomorrow.A. you don’tB. you can’tC. you needn’tD. you mustn’t( ) 11. Tom has ______ breakfast every morning. And he always eats ______ good breakfast.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. 不填; the( ) 12. Boys and girls, it’s time ______ cl ass now.A. toB. forC. inD. with( ) 13. My grandfather likes to do morning ______. He often ______ in the park.A. exercise; exerciseB. exercises; exerciseC. exercises; exercisesD. exercise; exercises( ) 14. Amy, ______ the noodles taste ______?A. do; wellB. do; goodC. are; wellD. are; good( ) 15. —What’s the English for 9:50? —It’s ______.A. ten to nineB. fifty nineC. ten to tenD. ten past nine ( ) 16. —Do you have time ______ soccer with me? —Yes, I ______.A. to play; haveB. playing; haveC. to play; doD. playing; do ( ) 17. hamburgers are unhealthy, so I ______ eat them.A. alwaysB. usuallyC. sometimesD. never( ) 18. —______? —She is an English teacher.A. What’s your sister’s nameB. How is your sisterC. What’s your sister’s j obD. How old is your sister( ) 19. Joe _______ in No. 6 Middle School. He thinks it’s a good _______.A. works; workB. work; jobC. works; jobD. work; work( ) 20. —_______ do you go to the old people’s home?—On the weekend.A. WhyB. WhenC. HowD. What time二、完形填空(每小题1分，共20分)先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

Exercises(Ellipsis)

English Grammar Exercises:( Ellipsis)1. You needn’t tell me, if you don’t want ____.A) doing B) so C) such D) to2. “W ho’s got all my money?” “I ____.”A) do B) have C) am D) got3. “S o you’r e lost, little boy. Why didn’t you hang on to your mother’s skirt?” “____, but I couldn’t reach it.”A) I hanged to B) I did to C) I didn’t hang to D) I tried to4. “W ill you go home tomorrow evening?” “N o. I am going to a lecture, or at least, I am planning ____.”A) on B) to C) so D) it5. “I’m hungry.” “I’d like a sandwich. ____?”A) Would you B) Do you C) Couldn’t you D) Don’t you6. “I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.” “ I ____.”A) so not hope so B) do not hope C) hope not so D) hope not7. He didn’t pass the test but he still ____.A) hopes so B) hopes to C) hopes it D) hopes that8. He hasn’t made his application yet, but he ____.A) plans to B) plans doing C) is planning D) plans9. “S am was not a graduate student.” “N o, ____.”A) I wasn’t either B) I was not, neither C) eithe r wasn’t I D) neither I was10. None of us could agree on where to go on vacation, so we went to different places, ____.A) they to France and I to Germany B) them to France and me to GermanyC) them for France and me for Germany D) me to France and they to Germany11. “S hall I invite Tom to my party?” “Y es. It’l l be nice if you ____.”A) do B) do invite C) are D) invite12. “D on’t you think Dorothy’s health has been ruined by smoking?” “Y es. She told me ____ herself.”A) the fact B) this thing C) it D) so13. “I s Prof. Tate very sick?” “I’m afraid ____.”A) so B) this C) to D) that14. “I t’s a contagious disease, isn’t it?” “I don’t believe ____.”A) so B) in that C) such D) in it15. “I hope that John will not play basketball tomorrow.” “Yes, I ____.”A) hope it too B) hope too C) hope that too D) hope so too16. Did you have any trouble ____ through the snow?A) drove B) drive C) driving D) to drive17. The bus was so crowded that he had a hard time ____.A) got off B) getting off C) to get off D) get off18. I don’t think you will have any difficulty ____ electric circuits.A) to design B) designing C) for designing D) design19. The children have been in the backyard ____.A) longly B) for long C) a long time D) since a long time20. The city lies thirty-eight miles ____ Chicago.A) northwest of B) northwesterly into C) to northwestern D) northwestward by21. Are you warm enough? ____.A) Yes, perfectly B) Yes, it is C) No, I am not D) Fine, I’d like to22. “D o you follow me?” “____.”A) No, I am not B) Yes, perfectly C) Yes, it is D) Yes, I will23. “Have you been here long?” “____.”A) No, not very B) Not much C) Yes, only little D) No, only yesterday24. “Y ou can’t come today, can you?” “____.”A) Yes, I can come tomorrow B) Yes, I can’t come tomorrowC) No, but I can come tomorrow D) No, I can come tomorrow25. “D id you eat yet?” “____.”A) Yes, let’s have lunch together B) No, let’s go there sometimeC) Yes, about an hour ago D) No, I haven’t taken it26. The team ____ waiting for finally arrived.A) who been B) whom we had C) who we D) we had been27. There is no one else ____, is there?A) she can go B) she can go to C) to whom to go D) for her to go28. “W hat game is popular with them?” “The ____ most is tennis.”A) game they like it B) best game they like it C) best game they like D) game they like29. She was unable to make an appointment with the celebrity ____.A) she had hoped to interview B) to interviewC) she to interview had hoped D) had hoped she to interview30. The New Frontier, ____, got off to a slow start.A)the name of the program which John F. Kennedy gave B) the name John F. Kennedy gave to his programC) John F. Kennedy named his program D) while the program named by John F. Kennedy31. Would you read my letter and correct the mistake, if ____?A) some B) ever C) any D) never32. The sympathetic audience understood his speech, no matter how ____.A) it slurs B) slurred C) it was slur D) slurs33. The deadline, ____, had been extended to accommodate our schedule.A) passing B) although past C) while being passed D) passed34. ____ asleep, the young child was really awake and listening.A) Although pretending to be B) Being C) To be D) Although pretended to be35. Wood furniture does not depreciate in value ____ properly handled and protected.A) if B) and C) has D) that36. Whatever ____, the club go for an outdoor swim on New Year’s Day.A) cold B) weather C) it may be cold D) the temperature37．____ brilliant, Aaron Burr was unreliable.A) Though B) He was C) Though he D) Being38. The stronger ____ magnetic field, the greater the voltage produced by a generator.A) than the B) is the C) that the D) the39. ____, flowers need a lot of sun and water.A) When growth B) When they growing C) They are growing D) When growing40. ____ the ancient and honored style of wrestling, the professional version of the sport is largely amateur theatrics.A) Compare it to B) If compared to C) It compared to D) Comparing41. ____, the mind lets suppressed thoughts surface.A) While we dream B) While dreaming C) While we dreaming D) While the mind it dreams42. ____, glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes.A) When well fitted B)Well fitted when C)Well fitted if D) If well fitted when44. The 55-mile per hour speed limit must be observed ____.A) where applicable B) where it applicable C) where is applicable D) where application45. Armadillos(犰狳) seek protection from nearby undergrowth ____.A) when are they threatened B) when they threatened C) when are threatened D) when threatened46. ____, Alice in Wonderland appeals to many adult readers, too.A) Though it written for children B) Though for children writtenC) Though written for children D) It was written for children47. ____, the nurse checked the patient’s temperature.A) Called the doctor B) Before calling the doctor C) The doctor calling D) Before the doctor calling48. Characters in realistic literature tend to be more complex than ____.A) romantic literature B) those in romantic literature C) those are romantic literature D) romantic literature is49. ___ charcoal and sulphur, potassium nitrate(硝酸钾) forms an explosive mixture.A) The combination of B) Combining C) To combine D) When combined with50. ____, the candidate checked his facts.A) Before making the speech B) Before he is making the speechC) Before the speech is making D) Making their speech51. Pedestrians should look to the left and right ____ the street.A) when crossing B) when they be crossing C) they cross D) when to cross52. ____, people and objects are presented in a flat, often angular, abstract manner in Jacob Lawrence’s paintings.A) Always able to recognize B) The ability to recognize alwaysC) While always recognizable D) Always can be recognized53. The sailor, home at last, is happy ____.A) he be sitting the garden B) whenever sitting in the gardenC) in the garden sittingD) whenever sit in the garden54. While traveling in Europe, ____.A) Jane Addams was stirred by the social reform movementB) it was the social reform movement that stirred Jane AddamsC) the social reform movement stirred Jane AddamsD) Jane Addams, stirred by the social reform movement55. While attempting to reach his home before the storm, ____.A) the bicycle of John broke down B) it happened that John’s bike broke downC) the storm caught John D) John had an accident on his bicycleKey: DBDBA DBAAA ADAAD CBBCA CBACC DBDAB CBBAA DADDB BAAD CBBDA ACBAD。

C Exercises

A. 前缀 prefix
dis- discourage （否定） in-/im-/il-/ir- incorrect/impossible/illegal/irregular （不、非） en- enable (使可能) mis- mistake (误) re- return ( 重复、再) un-\non- unfair, nonsense (不、非) de- decrease 减少，下降
My first day at senior high
P5 构词法：派生法
词根
前缀
en . courage . ment
后缀
3.派生法
派生法是由词根加词缀构成新词。构成的新词称为派生词。词缀分为前缀和后缀。除少数前缀外，前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般只改变词性，不引起词义变化。
plete the sentences P7/3
boredwith the lesson. 1. bored/boring: (1) I wasn’t _____
(2) The journey home from school was ______. boring interested in her 2. interested/interesting: I was very __________ teaching method. 3. amazed/amazing： The computer screen is absolutely _________. amazing disappointed 4. disappointed/disappointing: He was ___________ because Ms Shen won’t be the teacher every day. 5. embarrassed/embarrassing: Group work activities won’t make you embarrassed ____________ because you can keep quiet if you want to . 6. bored/boring:The journey home from school was ___________ boring

exercises1

科技英语的文章特点

结构严谨逻辑严密文体多样
论文、综述、实验报告、教材、专利、说明书等。
科技文体的一般特征
(1) 无人称（Impersonal) (2) 语气正式 (Formal in Mode of Speech)
(3) 陈述客观、准确(Objective and Accurate in Statement)
English to Chinese:
ASHRAE Research Strategic Plan 2010-2015

1组 Goal 1、Goal 6 2组 Goal 2、 Goal 3 3组 Goal 10、 Goal 7 4组 Goal 11 5组 Goal 8、 Goal 9 6组 Goal 4、 Goal 5
(a) Mathematics is used in many different fields. (被动句) (b) People use mathematics in many different fields.（主动句）
语法特点（3）----后置定语多汉语常用前置定语，英语常用后置定语，尤其是科技英语。
科技英语的翻译方法内容回顾
一．科技英语的特点二．科技英语的翻译标准三．科技英语的翻译过程
随时关注国际同行，体会技术市场变化
专业网站
ASHRAE: The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, Air-Conditioning Engineers 美国供热、制冷与空调工程师学会 Air & Waste Management Association 空气和废弃物管理协会
becomes lighter, and rises because of the difference in density of the adjacent fluid.

【word】《英语国家概况》期末复习提要

《英语国家概况》期末复习提要《英语国家概况》期末复习提要内蒙古电大责任教师宋慧文“英语国家概况”是中央广播电视大学英语专业的必修科目之一.本课程是通过英语阅读主要英语国家社会,文化背景材料,扩大知识面的文化知识课.所选教材是《英语国家社会文化入门》.本书分上下两册.上册内容包括英国部分l2章,澳大利亚部分4章和新西兰部分2章.每章都附有词汇表(V ocabulary),注释(Notes),本课重点(FCPoints),练习(Exercises)以及思考题(QuestionsforThought).通过学习本课程,学生应了解这三个国家的社会文化概貌,掌握这些国家的有关地理,历史,政治,经济,社会生活和文化传统的基本知识.具体而言,学生首先应认真通读各章的课文,借助课后的词汇表和注释,力求理解课文的基本内容,如:历史事件,社会背景,有关人物和时间地点等等.为帮助学生理解,注释部分不仅解释了课文中的难点,而且提供了一些必要的背景知识.本课重点部分列出课文的主要线索.这些内容是考查重点,学生复习时应尤其注意.练习部分共有三种题型:名词解释,填空和多项选择,目的是帮助学生进一步加深对课文的理解,并提供一个通过自我检测了解所学知识掌握程度的机会.书后附有标准答案.思考题是为了引导学生灵活运用所学知识,培养综合分析的能力.思考题不在考试范围之内.考试试题共分4个部分,所有考题内容不超过本教科书课文的范围.第一部分是选择题,2O小题,每题1分,共2O分,要求学生根据问题从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个正确答案.例如:问:WhichgroupofpeopleinBritain CANNOTvoteingeneralelections?选项为:[A]membersoftheHouseof Commons[B]LordsintheHouseofLords[C]theUKcitizensabovetheageof18[D]citizensoftheIrishRepubliclivingintheUK这是上册英国部分第4章”Polities”的内容,从课文中我们知道,英国上议院的议员是不能参加大选的,所以正确的选项应为[B], 有关A,B,C,D的内容都可以在”polities”这一章中找到.第二部分是填空题.每个空格为一题,2O个小题,每题1.5分,共3O分.例如: Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunder——,Britainhasgainedastrongposition intheoffshoreoilindustry.这是英国部分第5章”TheUK Economy”的内容,从课文中我们知道这是指英国北海的石油和天然气资源,所以正确答案应为”theNorthSea”.这一部分答题时除应注意内容的准确性外,还应注意拼写,大小写及定冠词,不定冠词等.如这题中的”the”就不能遗漏,否则会被扣分.第三部分是简答题.10个小题,每小题2分,共2O分.要求学生用一句话简答问题.例如:问题为:Howmanykindsofhorse—racingalethereinBritainandwhatalethey?这是英国部分第7章”SportsinBritain”的内容,在英国共有两种赛马比赛:平地赛马一8】一和障碍赛马.因为这一部分答题时要求用一句话回答,所以要用一句完整的句子,语法和拼写都要注意.这个问题的正确回答应该是: Therearetwokindsofhorse——racingin Britain:flatracingandsteeplechasing.这部分考题形式在教材练习中没有出现过,需要学生在学习过程中自己综合.但只要对课文重点内容熟悉,对其他练习熟悉,这部分考题也不难.第四部分是解释题,在8题中任选6题,每小题5分,共30分.要求学生用简洁的英语(不超过5句话)解释每个词语.这部分主要考查学生的综合概括表达能力,问题的主要点应该抓住,同时注意语法,用词等.例题目:CharlesDickens这是英国部分第6章”BritishLiterature’’中的内容.按要求,学生应把有关狄更斯的知识综合概括一下,分为几点来写:他是什么时代的人,在文学史上的地位,作品的特点,代表作等等,简单扼要地总结一下.因为评分时是按点给分的,所以回答要全面,同时也应注意语法结构.下面的答案可作参考: CharlesDickensisregardedaSoneofthe greatest19th—centuryEnglishwriters.(2分)Hisworksarecharactericedbyvividcomic characterizationandsocialcriticism.(2分)He wrotemanywell—knownnovels,including OliverTwist,A TaleofTwoCities,David Copperfield,tonalTlejustafew.(1分)《英语国家概况》模拟试题I,.Thereare20questionsinthispart. Eachquestionisfollowedbyfourchoices markedA,B,CandD.Choosethecorrect answertoeachofthequestionsandwrite youransweratthecorrespondingplaceonthe82一ANSWERSHEET.(20points)1.TheTowerofLondon.andhistorical sight,locatedinthecentreofLondon,WaS builtby.A.KingHaroldB.RobinHoodC.OliveCromwellD.WilliamtheConqueror2.1972WaStheworstyearofthe politicaltroublesinNorthemIrelandbecause ●._.,-._____.__-_●●●_一●A.13Catholicswereshotdeadbythe policeB.468peoplewerekilledinNorthem IrelandC.thegovemmentcarriedoutapolicy known aS”internment’’D.bloodykillingof468peoplefortified CatholieoppositiontotheBritishpresenceinNorthemIreland3.WhichofthefollowingisN0Ttrue abouttheBritishConstitution.*A.ItiSadocumentwhichlistsoutthe baSicprinciplesforgovemmentB.ItiSthefoundationofBritish governancetodayC.ConventionsandLawspassedby ParliamentarepartoftheConstitutionD.Thecoinmonlawsarepartofthe Constitution4.WhoiStheleaderoftheBritish Labourpartyatpresent?A.JohnMajorB.TonyBlairC.HaroldWilsonD.MargaretThatcher5.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheUKeconomyisN0Ttrue?A.BritainremainsoneoftheGroupof SevenlargeindustrialeconomiesB.Britainhasexperiencedarelative economicdeclinesince1945C.Therehasbeenaperiodofsteady decreasingoflivingstandardsD.Somesmallereconomieshave overtakentheUKintermsofoutputper capita6.WhichofthefollowingsportsWasnot inventedinBritain?A.FootballB.TennisC.ArcheryD.Cricket7.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout theGuyFawkes’Night?A.ItiscelebratedbyScottishpeoplein NovemberB.ItiscelebratedbyEnglishpeoplein NovemberC.ItiscelebratedbyScottishpeoplein AugustD.ItiscelebratedbyEnglishpeoplein August8.Whichofthefollowingschoolswouldadmitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheir academicabilitiesinBritain?prehensiveschoolsB.SecondaryschoolsC.IndependentschoolsD.Grammarschools9.Whichofthefollowingaboutclass systemintheUKisNoTtrue.9A.Peopleofdifferentclassestendtoread differentkindsofnewspaperB.CIass—divisionisonlydecidedby people’SincomeC.Th0ughsocialadvancementis possible,classaffectsaperson’slife—chancesD.Thewaypeoplespeakidentifies themselvestoparticularclass10.InBritain.thegreatmajorityof parentssendtheirchilderntoA.privateschoolsB.independentschoolsC.stateschoolsD.publicschools11.WhichofthefollowingisNOT characteristicofthehereditaryaristocracyin theUK?A.Thenobletitlescanbeinheritedby thechildrenB,Theyusuallyownhistorichousesin thecountryC.Theyaretherichestgroupofpeople intheUKD.Theseniormemberscanbelordsin theHouseofLords12.NowdaystheBritishforeignpolicyis largelyshapedbyitspraticipationinA.theCommonwealthB.theEuropeanEconomicCommunityC.theUnitedNations,theEuropean Union,UA T0,etcD.aEuropeanfederalgovernment13.WhichofthefollwingistheBritish oldestdailynewspaper?A.TheTelegraphB.TheNewsoftheWorldC.TheGuardianD.TheTimes14.WhichofthefollwoingisN0T consideredacharacteristicofLondon?A.TheculturalcentreB.ThebusinesscentreC.ThefinancialcentreD.Thesportscentre15.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheBritisParliamentiSNoTtrue?A.Parliamenthasnopowertochange 一83—thetermsoftheConstitutionB.Therearenolegalrestrainsupon ParliamentC.Parliamenthasthesupremepowerof passinglawsD.strictlyspeaking,theQueenispartof theParliament16.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisthecapitalofScotland?A.EdinburghB.GlasgowC.CardiffD.Manchester17.WhydidtheEnglishgovemment encouragepeoplefromScotlandandNorthem EnglandtoemigratetotheNorthofIrelandin the17thcentury?A.Theywanttoincreaseitscontrolover IrelandB.Theyhadtoomanypeopleanddidnot haveenoughspaceforthemC.Theyintendedtoexpandtheir investmentD.TheYbelievedthatIrelandWasthe bestplaceforthem18.Whichofthefollowingtwocountries areaheadofBritaininaerospaceindustry?A.TheU.S.andRussiaB.TheU.S.andGermanyC.FranceandRussiaD.GermanyandRussia19.WhichofthefollowingbooksiswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucer?A.BeowulfB.TheUsterCycleC.More tD’ArthurD.TheCanterburyTales20.Ⅵichofthefollowingistrulyasport oftheroyalfamily?A.CricketB.HorseracingC.GolfingD.Skiing1I.Theretitlealtogether15blanksinthe一84一followingsentences.Fillintheblanksandand writeyouransweratthecorrespondingplaces ontheANSWERSHEET.(30points) Britainconsistsof(21)——nations, including(22)——,(23)——,and(24) InBritain.theofficialheadofstateiS (25)——whiletherealcentreofpolitical lifeisin(26).Normally.aBritishgovemmentcanbein powerfor(27)——years,andthenishasto resighandholdageneralelection.In1979,theConservativePartyunder (28)——cameintopowerandcarriedouta programmeofprivatization.Since1945.theUKeconomyhas experienced(29)——declineratherthan (30)——decline. Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunderthe(31)——,Britainvhasgainedastrong positionintheoffshoreoilindustry. InBritain,parentscanchoosebetween sendingtheirchildrento(32)——schoolsor (33)——schools. Parentsfromwealthiermiddleclassin Britainprefertosendtheirchildrento(34) schoolsS0astohavebetter(35)——●Ⅲ.Theretitle10questionsinthispart. Answereachofthe sentenceandwrite correspondingplaceSHEET.(20points)36.WhatarecountriesoftheUK? questionsinonefull youranswerattheontheANSWER thefourconstituent37.Whichpartofthegovernmentinthe UKhasthepowertochangethetermsofthe Constitution?38.WhatarethetwobroadstylisticperiodsfortheBritishliteratureinthe20th century?39.Whichholidayisthebiggestandbest lovedBritishholiday?40.WhatdoesthenicknameOxbridge standfor?41.Whichtwoareasoftheworldhave suppliedthemajorityofBritishrecent immigrants?42.Whodecideonthegeneraldirection ofBritain’Sforeignpolicy?43.WhandidBritainiointheEuropean EconomicCommunity?44.WhichisthelargestcityinScotland?45.WhendopeopleinNorthernIreland CelebrateSt.PatrickDay?IV.Explaineachofthefollowing6outof8innomolethanfivesentences.Write youranswerattheappropriateplaceonthe -ANSWERSHEET.(3opoints)46.MargaretThatcher47.theBillofRightsof168948.theLabourPartyofBritain49.theBrontesisters50.theRoyalAscotprehensiveschoolsintheUK52.theAnglo—Saxons53.WilliamShakespeare参考答案I.Thereale20questionsinthispart. Eachquestioninfollowedbyfourchoices markedA-B-CandD.Chooesthecorrectansewertoeachofthequestionsandwrite youransweratthecorrespondingplaceonthe ANSWERSHEET.1.D2.A3.D4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.C1O.C11.C12.C13.D14.D15.A16.A17.A18.A19.D20.BⅡ.Therearealtogether15blandsinthe followingsentences.Fillintheblandsand writeyouransweratthecorrespondingplaces ontheANSWERSHEEI’.21.four22.Scotland23.walas24.NorthernIreland25.Queenfive26.theHouseofCommonsMargaret27.five28.Thatcher29.areative30.anabsolute31.NorthSea32.State33.Private34.privatecationllI.Thereare10questionsinthispart. AnswereachofthequestionsinonefIIllsentenceandwriteyouransweratthe correspondingplaceontheANSWER SHEEI’.36.Thefourconstituentcountriesofthe UK.TheyareEngland,Scotland,Wra1asand NorthernIreland.37.Parliamenthasthepowertochange thetermsoftheConstitution.38.Thetwobroadstylisticperiodsare ModernismandPostmodernism.39.Christmasisthebiggestandbest lovedBritishholiday.40.OxbridgestandsforOxford UniversityandCambridgeUniversity. 41.Thetwoare~1sareSouthAsiaand Caribbeancountries.42.ThePrimeMinisterandCabinet decideonthegeneraldirectionofBritain’S foreighpolicy.43.BritainjointheEurpeanEconomic Communityin1972.44.G1asgowisthelargestcityin一85—Scotland.45.PeopleinNorthernIrelandcelebrateSt.Patrick’sDayonMarch17.VI.Explaineachofthefollowing6outof8innomorethanfivesentences.Write youranswerattheappropriateplaceonthe ANSWERSHEI.46.MargaretThatchercalTleintopower asBritishfirstwomanPrimeMinisterin1979 whenherConservativepartywonthegeneral election.Sheadvocatedtheideaofsmal1 governmentandfree—marketeconomics. DuringhertermasthePrimeMinister,she carriedoutpoliciestoprivatizethenationalized industryandcuttaxrates.Asaresult,many businessesboomedbutemploymentrate increased.ShewaslaterreplacedbyJohn Majorin1990.47.In1688,KingJamesII’sdaughterMaryandherhusbandWilliamwereinvited bythepoliticiansandchurchauthoritiesto takethethrone,onconditionthattheywould respecttherightsofParliament.Afterthis GloriousRevolution,theBillofRightswas passedin1689toensurethattheKingnever beabletoignoreParliament.48.TheLaboutrPartyinoneofthetwo biggestpartiesintheUK.itisalsothenewest party,createdbythetradeunionmovementat theendofthe19thcentury.Itisasocialist party,believingthatasocietyshouldbe relativelyequalineconomicterms,andthat thegovernmentshouldredistributethewealth betweentherichandthepoor.Italsothinks thatthegovernmentshouldprovidearangeof publicservicesforallthepeople.49.TheBrontesistersarethedaughters一86一oftheviearofavillagechurchinY orkshireof England.Thoughtheywerepoor,theywereeducatedandrespectable.Theyalldiedyoung, butwererememberedlongaftertheirdeath fortheircontributiontoEnglish1iterature. Charlottewaswel1一knownforJaneEyreand EmilywasnotedforherWutheringHeights. Theyhadtousemalepseudonymsinorderto gettheirbookspublished.50.TheRoyalAscotisthebiggestsocial eventassociatedwithhorseracingintheUK. Peopledressupandgotoshowofftheir? fashionablechothesaswel1towatchtheraces. andplacetheirbets.Womenespeciallywear veryelaborateandexotichats.Thiseventgets muchattentionfromthemediaandthe public.prehensiveschoolsarethemost popularsecondaryschoolsinBritaintoday. Suchschoolsadmitchildrenwithoutreference totheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneral education.Pupilscanstudyeverythingfrom academicsubjectslikeliteraturetomore practicalsubjectslikecooking.52.TheAnglo—Saxonsweretwogroups ofGermanicpeopleswhosettleddownin Englandfromthe5thcentury.Theywere regardedastheansestorsoftheEnglishand thefoundersofEngland.53.WiIliamShakespearewasanEnglish dramatistandpoetintheElizabethanage.He? isgenerallyregardesasthegreatestplaywright inEnglishliterature.Hisplaysfallintothree categories:tragediessuchasHamlet,comedies suchasMerchantofV eniceandhistorical playsLikeCharlesII.。

exercises

命题人：倪新华AIncreasingly, over the past ten years, people--- especially young people –have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, especially processed food(加工过的食品), is not good for the health. As a result, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives(添加剂) and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers(化肥), widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple words, this means that the soil has been nourished(给…营养) by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming area.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry(家禽)：there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other sides of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually unnecessary food. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Y et all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fibre.1. People have become more interested in natural foods because______.A. they want to keep healthyB. they want to taste all kinds of foodsC. natural foods are more delicious than processed foodsD. they want to return to nature2. Chickens raised in poultry farms are all of the following EXCEPT that _____.A. they are fed on food which is little better than garbageB. they live in very crowded conditionC. the eggs they produce lack vitaminsD. they are allowed to move about and eat freely3. According to the passage, ______.A. people can only find sugar to give them energyB. sugar is bad for the healthC. the use of sugar is habit formingD. sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing usefulBSweet potatoes are fat-free, high in fiber and full of the vitamins that research suggests reduce your risk of life-shortening diseases. To stay healthy, we must eat more fruits and vegetables, and sweet potatoes are a great source of beta carotene(胡萝卜素)and other carotenoids(which the body turns into vitamin A). According to a study of the diets of almost 90,000 nurses, eating about one cup a day of fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids can cut your risk of stroke in half and reduce your risk of heart disease by 22 percent. Other research suggests beta carotene protects against breast, lung and stomach cancers. Beta carotene is the most famous member of the carotenoids family. In face, a medium-sized sweet potato contains nearly 12mg of beta carotene(anti-aging experts usually suggest 6 to 11 mg per day). Sweet potatoes are also a low-fat source of vitamin E. Research has linked high E diets with a lower risk of heart disease. This vitamin pill in an orange jacket also packs a vitamin C punchit which has more C than apricots (a kind of fruit). Research suggests that vitamin C protects against ailments (小疾) ranging from cataracts(an eye disease) to cancer. In addition, a UCLA (University of California Los Angeles) study linked high vitamin C diets with a longer life. Recent studies have showed that antioxidant Vitamins C, E and beta carotene fight a fierce battle against free radicals (自由基），which cause cell (细胞)damage and lead to various illness. Therefore, to keep fit, eat more sweet potatoes.4. According to the text, there exists a lot of ______in sweet potatoes.A. fiber, beta carotene, other carotenoids, V itamin E and CB. beta carotene, other carotenoids, fiber, V itamin A and EC. V itamin A, beta carotene, fiber, V itamin E and CD. beta carotene, other carotenoids, V itamin A and E5. This text as a whole suggests that eating sweet potatoes can help______.A. cut your risk of stroke and heart diseaseB. protect against breast, lung and stomach cancersC. protect against ailments ranging from cataracts to cancersD. you stay healthy and reduce your risk of life-shortening diseases6 ― This vitamin pill in an orange jacket‖in the passage refers to______.A. sweet potatoB. vitamin C pillC. vitamin E pillD. beta carotene7. The best title of this passage might be______.A. The vitamin superstarB. On sweet potatoesC. Beta carotene and vitaminsD. Diet and disease命题人：倪新华I．单词拼写1. Y ou should ______(节食)and take more exercise.2. Old as he is, he has such______(精力)that he can work 14 hours a day.3. The teacher told him not to______(为…叹息) over the failure of yesterday’s test.4. Mum, I don’t want any cake; I’m______( 减肥).5. Y ou shouldn’t have had your son telling people______(谎言) here and there.6. The men who were fighting g _____at each other.7. Only having r___vegetables, fruit and water for a dinner could not offer enough energy.8. There was a sign in the window of his restaurant: ―C______ are God!‖.9. To see if the food would be popular, he decided to do some r ______in the market.10. His English was so l_____ that he couldn’t even tell the foreign friend where he was from.IV. 单项填空1. The competition between the 2 restaurants was______.A. inB. onC. awayD. out2. He thought of his mutton kebabs and fatty pork ______in the finest oil.A. cookingB. cookC. cookedD. to cook3. ------How do you like the plan?------______.A. I like it very muchB. It’s betterC. It’s wellD. Nothing could be better4. Y ou can keep healthy by taking regular exercises. Which of the following words is closest to the underlined word in meaning?A. fitB. youngC. thinD. pretty5. To regain their ______after a hard game, the players lay on the grass.A. forceB. energyC. powerD. health6. The man who thought of ______a gas engine with wheels was the inventor of the automobiles.A. comparingB. combiningC. competingD. connecting7. The chairman asked me to ______my speech to 20 minutes.A. makeB. giveC. limitD. explain8. Don’t try to cheat the taxman(税务人员); you’ll never ______it.A. get out ofB. get intoC. get alongD. get away with9. What a pity! He ______the only chance of success.A. put downB. threw awayC. gave inD. broke off10. Scientists need to do a lot of ______and experiments before they can understand and find a cure for things.A. searchB. resourcesC. researchD. experience11. When you get to the motorway, follow the ______for London.A. masksB. signsC. pointsD. plans12. The old lady ______by selling used newspapers.A. gets her livingB. makes a lifeC. earns her livingD. earns a life13. He lost his ______and fell off his bicycle.A. balanceB. strengthC. powerD. waytIII. 词语辨析：用所给词或词组的正确形式填空。

Exercises[共2页]

268 (2) What is IoS denoting?(3) What will IoM do?(4) What will terminals be able to do?(5) How does the Internet of Things fuse the digital world and the real world?(6) What are the tangible business benefits the Internet of Things will bring?(7) In the Internet of Things infrastructure, what do these different entities or "things" do?(8) What are the characteristics of social things?(9) In the IoT architecture, what will intelligent middleware do?(10) How do things respond to stimuli from the environment in the physical world?〖Ex. 2〗阅读下面的短文，回答问题Many of the initial developments towards the Internet of Things have focused on the combination of Auto-I D and networked infrastructures in business to-business logistics and product life cycle applications. However, a future Internet of Things can provide a broader vision and also enable everyone to access and contribute rich information about things and locations. The success of social networks to share experience and personalized insights shows also great potential for integration with business-centric applications. The integration and interoperability with mainstream business software platforms can be enhanced and extended by real-time analytics, business intelligence and agent-based autonomous services. I nformation sharing may be rewarded through incentives, thus transforming the I nternet of Things from a cost-focused experiment to a revenue-generating infrastructure to enable trading of enriched information and accelerate business innovation. Mash-ups and end-user programming will enable people to contribute to the I nternet of Things with data, presentation and functionality. Things-generated physical world content and events from Auto-ID, sensors, actuators or meshed networks will be aggregated and combined with information from virtual worlds, such as business databases and Web 2.0 applications, and processed based on new business intelligence concepts. Direct action on the physical world will be supported through machine-interfaces and introduction of agile strategies. This chapter aims to provide a concept for a future architecture of the Internet of Things, including a definition, a review of developments, a list of key requirements and a technical design for possible implementation of the future Internet of Things. As open issues, the evaluation of usability by stakeholders in user-centric as well as business-centric scenarios is discussed and the need for quantifying costs and benefits for businesses, consumers, society and the environment is emphasized. Finally, guidelines are derived, for use by researchers as well as practitioners.(1) What does the success of social networks to share experience and personalized insights show?(2) What will Mash-ups and end-user programming do?(3) How can the integration and interoperability with mainstream business software platforms be enhanced and extended?(4) How will direct action on the physical world be supported?(5) What can a future Internet of Things do?(6) What have many of the initial developments towards the Internet of Things focused on?。

exercise用法及固定搭配

exercise用法及固定搭配Hey, friend! Let's talk about "exercise" today. You know, "exercise" is one of those words that's super important in our daily lives.When we talk about "exercise" as a verb, it means to do physical activities to make your body stronger and healthier. For example, I exercise every morning. I run around the park, feeling the fresh air on my face. It's like I'm having a conversation with nature while I exercise. And you? Do you exercise? Maybe you prefer to exercise in a gym, lifting weights or using those fancy exercise machines.One common fixed - up with "exercise" as a verb is "exercise caution." Oh man, this is really crucial! Imagine you're crossing a busy street. You have to exercise caution, just like when you're doing a new and difficult exercise routine. You don't want to rush into it without thinking. It's like walking on thin ice. You gotta be careful.Another one is "exercise control." Let's say you really love chocolate cake, but you know it's not so good for you if you havetoo much. So you need to exercise control over your desire to eat it all the time. It's a battle within yourself, like a little angel and a little devil sitting on your shoulders. The angel is telling you to exercise control, and the devil is saying "Just one more slice!"Now, when "exercise" is a noun, it refers to the activity itself. There are all kinds of exercises. There's aerobic exercise, like dancing or cycling. My sister loves aerobic exercise. She says it makes her feel like she has wings and can fly. And then there's strength - building exercise. My brother is all about that. He wants to look like those superheroes in the movies. He's always doing push - ups and sit - ups.A great fixed phrase with "exercise" as a noun is "do exercise." It's so simple yet so important. We should all do exercise regularly. If we don't, it's like leaving a beautiful garden uncared for. It'll just wither away. There's also "take exercise," which means pretty much the same thing. It's like choosing to take a journey to a healthier you.In a school or work setting, we often hear about "exercise books." These are the notebooks where we write down ourthoughts, our lessons, or our work tasks. It's a different kind of "exercise" in a way. It's like exercising our minds instead of our bodies. You know, like when you're trying to solve a really tough math problem. It's mental exercise.There are also some expressions related to exercise that are a bit more complex. For instance, "exercise one's rights." In a democratic society, we can exercise our rights to vote, to speak freely, and so on. It's like having a superpower, but we have to use it responsibly. If we don't exercise our rights, it's like having a magic wand but never using it. What a waste!Another one is "exercise an option." In the business world, people often have options in contracts. They can exercise an option to buy or sell something. It's like having a key to a treasure chest, but you have to decide when to use that key.Exercise is not just about getting fit physically. It can also be about improving our mental state. When I exercise, I feel less stressed. It's like all my worries are sweating out of me. And I'm sure you've felt that way too, or at least you will if you start exercising more.Some people think that exercise is a chore. Oh, come on! It's not like that at all. It's like a gift you give to yourself. It's time for you to focus on yourself, to improve yourself. You know those days when you just don't feel like doing anything? Well, that's when exercise can be your best friend. It'll pick you up and give you the energy you need.In conclusion, "exercise" whether as a verb or a noun, has a whole bunch of meanings and fixed phrases associated with it. It's an essential part of our lives, like the fuel in a car that keeps us going. So, don't be lazy. Get out there and exercise! Whether it's physical exercise to keep your body in shape or mental exercise to keep your mind sharp, it's all good.。

人教版九年级第一单元知识点

6.key words 关键词7.make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误8.be born with 天生具有9.depend on 取决于；依靠10.pay attention to〔介词〕留意，关注11.connect …with… 把……和……连接/联络起来12.Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧13.be stressed out 焦虑担心的；压力过大14.ask the teacher for help 向老师寻求扶植15.be afraid of doing sth/ be afraid to do sth 胆怯做某事16.fall in love with 爱上17.body language 肢体语言18.key words 关键词19.look up 查阅；向上看20.repeat out loud 大声跟读【Exercise】完成句子1.她说她通过做英语练习来学习语法.She said she studied grammar En glish exercises.2.你通过对话来练习英语口语吗Do you practice spoken English3.制作单词卡对学习英语单词很有扶植。

is very helpful to learn English words.4.我认为学习英语的最好方式是运用它。

I think the best way to learn English is.5.请问,你是怎样练习听力技能的Excuse me,do you practice6. 这两个国家有许多一样点。

The two countries have a lot __________ __________.7. 学习语言的时候，你不能胆怯犯错误。

When learning a language, you can’t __________ __________ __________ make mistakes.8. 大声朗读有助于你培育语感。

高二英语下学期unit-17-exercises

9. Jane’s _d_is_a_b_i_li_ty_ does not prevent her from reaching her goals in life.
10. He _a_d_ju_s_t_e_d_ the telescope so that he could see the stars more clearly.
Task 2. Word study
Play a game of aபைடு நூலகம்ting and guessing:
1. a market at a special place at a particular period. (fair) 2. visually impaired. (blind) 3. the cart that someone who has no feeling below his waist uses to get around. (wheelchair) 4. change a little in order to be suitable. (adjust) 5. help and advice esp. on problems with one’s personal life.
7. Some dogs have been trained to help people who are _v_is_u__a_ll_y_ impaired.
8. The new government programme will __a_s_s_is_t__ disabled students who want to get a college degree.
无线投屏/
菇王子晶莹洁白的牙齿受到震颤，但精神感觉很爽！再看妃赫瓜中士平常的亮红色果冻般的胸部，此时正惨碎成手镯样的亮黑色飞光，全速射向远方，妃赫瓜中士猛咆着发疯般地跳出界外，疾速将平常的亮红色果冻般的胸部复原，但元气已损失不少神怪蘑菇王子：“老妖怪，你的手段水平好像不怎么样哦……妃赫瓜中士：“我再让你看看什么是秀丽派！什么是傲慢流！什么是粗野傲慢风格！”蘑菇王子：“您要是没什么新科目，我可不想哄你玩喽！”妃赫瓜中士：“你敢小瞧我，我再让你尝尝『紫鸟蚌精病床钩』的风采！”妃赫瓜中士陡然耍了一套，窜鸟水母翻九千度外加貂哼牙膏旋一百周半的招数，接着又玩了一个，妖体鸟飞凌空翻七百二十度外加呆转十五周的冷峻招式。接着淡紫色肥肠般的身材闪眼间流出暗黄色的豹鬼残隐味……不大的的紫红色熊猫一样的皮鞭雪晓围腰透出残嗥坟茔声和咻咻声……圆圆的雪白色怪石似的猪精星怪盔忽亮忽暗穿出妖精魂哼般的晃动！紧接着把深黑色海星形态的手掌甩了甩，只见二十道闪烁的活似灯泡般的奇烟，突然从凸凹的脚中飞出，随着一声低沉古怪的轰响，深黄色的大地开始抖动摇晃起来，一种怪怪的鸡妖晚欢味在恬淡的空气中飞舞！最后颤起老态的脖子一叫，威猛地从里面窜出一道奇光，他抓住奇光奇妙地一扭，一组红晶晶、森幽幽的功夫『蓝银缸圣耳塞爪』便显露出来，只见这个这玩意儿，一边闪烁，一边发出“哈呵”的疑声！……悠然间妃赫瓜中士全速地摆起时尚的戒指，只见他摇晃的纯灰色瓦刀形态的鼻子中，狂傲地流出五十片油条状的雨丝，随着妃赫瓜中士的摆动，油条状的雨丝像油饼一样在拇指神秘地搞出飘飘光烟……紧接着妃赫瓜中士又用自己圆圆的雪白色怪石似的猪精星怪盔忽悠出水青色粗犷飞舞的阳台，只见他白杏仁色琴弓般的眉毛中，飘然射出五十团耍舞着『紫鸟蚌精病床钩』的仙翅枕头毽子状的木瓜，随着妃赫瓜中士的甩动，仙翅枕头毽子状的木瓜像鸭头一样，朝着蘑菇王子淡红色的古树般的嘴唇怪踢过来！紧跟着妃赫瓜中士也转耍着功夫像细竹般的怪影一样朝蘑菇王子怪踢过来蘑菇王子陡然来了一出，蹦猪香皂翻九千度外加蟹乐灵芝旋一百周半的招数，接着又搞了个，团身犀醉后空翻七百二十度外加傻转七周的惊人招式！接着镶嵌着无数奇宝的瓜皮滑板立刻弹出凶粉病态色的麦花鸽睡味……神奇的星光肚脐喷出精灵海跳声和哈呵声……晴朗明亮的声音朦朦胧胧窜出浓梦水晶般的漫舞。紧接着把犹如白色亮玉般的牙齿摇了摇，只见七道萦绕的如同琵琶般的彩影，突然从飘洒如风的、酷似雄狮模样的亮黑色头发中飞出，随着一声

english exercises (unit 11 语法与词汇知识)

English Exercises (Unit 11 语法与词汇知识)1.Whom do you suspect ______ the crime?A. forB. ofC. toD. at2.The police don’t know who committed the crime, but they _______ Jones.A. thinkB. imagineC. suspectD. hope3.she never doubted for a moment ______ she was right.A. thatB. whetherC. whyD. how4.His health required that he ______ as early as possible.A. went to bedB. would go to bedC. was going to bedD. go to bed5.Your composition is good but your handwriting still requires ______.A. improvingB. improvedC. being improvedD. to improve6.Their requirement that he ______ one year’s experience is reasonable.A. hadB. hasC. haveD. would have7.As this is his first time to Beijing, he is ______ where to go for a visit.A. unable forB. sure aboutC. uncertain aboutD. uncertain for8.______ that the door is locked before you leave the room.A. Making sureB. Make sureC. Be sureD. To make sure9.Which one is wrong?A. It is sure that his horse will win the race.B. I’m sure his horse will win the race.C. It is certain that his horse will win the race B. His horse is sure to win the race.10.He ______ office in 2000 and ______ office a year later.A. takes; leavesB. took; resignedC. takes; leftD. resign; take11.His mother hasn’t come, so he has to resign ______to ______ for her.A. himself; waitB. him; waitingC. himself; waitingD. him; waited12.We offered him our congratulations ______ his passing the college entrance exam.A. atB. onC. forD. of13.We ______ him on his birthday and held a party to ______ it.A. congratulate; celebrateB. celebrate; congratulateC. congratulated; celebratedD. congratulated; celebrate14.At first, he doubted my honesty but at last he ______.A. smooths away itB. smooths it awayC. smoothed it awayD. smoothed away it15.The sea has ______ and they are going fishing.A. smoothed awayB. smoothed downC. smoothed overD.. smoothed out16.Chairman Mao ______ to be unforgettable in the hearts of the Chinese people.A. provedB. regardedC. thoughtD. considered17.The sports meet ______ to be a great success.A. turned upB. turned outC. turned onD. turned in18.It is ______ for a young man like you not to study hard.A. shamefulB. shameC. a shameD. shameless19.He agreed ______ what I said at the meeting, but we didn’t agree ______ how to do it.A. on; onB. with; withC. with; onD. to; with20.We agreed ______ here, but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have met21. Some teachers couldn’t agree ____ the spring outing, but all the students agreed ____ the plan.A. with; withB. on; toC. to; withD. about; on22.The great man ______ a lot ______ society before he died.A. have contributed; onB. had contributed; toC. contributed; atD. contributes; for23.The leader valued the ______ he ______ to the space development program.A. contribute; makesB. contribution; had madeC. contribute; madeD. contribution; made424.His explanation can’t be accepted ______ satisfactory.A. as beingB. like beingC. as havingD. like25.Mary finally ______ Bruce as her life-long companion.A. receivedB. acceptedC. madeD. honoured26.We have stuck ______ each other for 10 years.A. toB. withC. onD. from27.______ your own idea, I support you and I’m sure of your success.A. Hold onB. Put upC. Go on withD. Stick to28.He insisted on Tom ______ sent to hospital.A. beB. would beC. beingD. should be29.The old couple are living ______, for their only son works abroad after graduation.A. on their ownB. of their ownC. separatelyD. particularly30.She lost her deskmate’s book, so she had to give him a book ______.A. on his ownB. on her ownC. of his ownD. of her own31.______ he will return to his native land.A. It is long before thatB. It is before long thatC. It won’t be long beforeD. It will be before long that32.I heard of the actor ______ and I will meet him ______.A. before long; before longB. long before; long beforeC. before long; long beforeD. long before; before long33.He was familiar ______ the animals. That means these animals were familiar ______ him.A. to; withB. with; toC. to; toD. with; with34.My coat is ______ yours in colour.A. similar toB. familiar toC. familiar withD. similar with35.______ the sake of ______ more money he left home and went to London.A. For; getB. For; gettingC. To; getD. To; getting36.He ______ to be told everything, but they refused.A. thoughtB. consideredC. demandedD. suggested37.The parents ______ that school free the students of too much homework.A. expectB. hopeC. whatD. demand38.Dr. Bethune, together with some doctors was sent to the front, where medical workers were __A. in great needB. in great demand ofC. needed badD. demanded in39.The teacher ______ us to hand in the papers on time.A. demandedB. askedC. hopedD. made40.Not only ______ polluted but ______ crowded.A. was the city; were the streetsB. the city was; were the streetsC. was the city; the streets wereD. the city was; the streets were41.Not only I but also Tom and Mary ______ fond of watching television.A. amB. isC. areD. be42.Neither the students nor the teacher ________anything about him.A. knowB. knowsC. to knowD. knowing43.______, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is44.Your painting is well done, ______, you can do it better, I’m sure.A. butB. whileC. howeverD. instead45.______ you say, I won’t believe you.A. No matter howB. No matter whatC. HoweverD. Wherever46.______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed47.Tom was very happy for ______ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited48. –How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-- The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.A. to solving; makingB. to solving; madeC. to solve; makingD. to solve; made49.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught50.– Let me tell you something about the journalists.--Don’t you remember ______ me the story?A. toldB. tellingC. to tellD. to have told51.Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ______.A. he’d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure52. – What do you suppose made her look so unhappy? --________ her wallet.A. LoseB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing53.The train was ______ when we hurriedly got to the platform.A. pulling onB. pulling offC. pulling roundD. pulling out54.I know nothing about the young lady ______ she is from Beijing.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides55.What ______ of students pass the exam in your class?A. per centB. percentC. numbersD. percentage56.If you had ______ you test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewermistakes.A. looked upB. thought aboutC. gone overD. gone round57.–What were you doing when Tony phoned you?--- I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower.A. had startedB. startedC. have startedD. was starting58.Once a decision had been made, all of us should _______it.A. direct toB. stick toC. lead toD. refer to59.He was ________ of selling state secrets and arrested last month.A. doubtedB. suspectedC. respectedD. inspected60.He felt ______ by his lack of money when his friend asked him for help.A. embarrassedB. excitedC. embracedD. satisfied61.Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists62.He ______ his post because he had been offered a better job.A. resignedB. retiredC. dismissedD. fired63.I feel ______ my action, because I did what was right.A. shameB. no shame byC. shamefulD. no shame for64.It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) ______ the world leading inventor forsixty years.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. was65.Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.A. takes upB. makes upC. saves upD. puts up66.The colour purple is a ______ of red and blue.A. combinationB. collectionC. unityD. joint67.A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded byclever and qualified noblemen at court.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. that68.You should be think of the situation ______ this word should be used.A. whereB. in thatC. thatD. which69.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change70.In the reading-room, we found her ______ at a desk, with her eyes ______ on a book.A. sitting; fixingB. seating; fixedC. sit; keepingD. seated; kept71.The WTO can’t ______ its name if it doesn’t include a country with the population of onethird of the whole world.A. live up toB. live toC. make up toD. make to72.In some parts of London, ______ a bus means ______for another.A. missing; to waitB. to miss; to waitC. missing; waitingD. missing; to be waiting73.We happen to be of _______ age, and we all go in for ______ football.A. the same; theB. /; /C. an; /D. an; the74.The Chinese team won 63 medals in the Athens 2004 Olympic Games, 32 ______ were goldmedals, ______ China was ranked in the second place.A. of which; by whichB. of them; by themC. of which; by whomD. of them; by which75.I don’t like the film. What do you make ______ it?A. the most ofB. much ofC. ofD. nothing of76.______, at the age of 17 to 18, many young people dream of going to university.A. It is well know thatB. As is well knownC. That is well knownD. Which is well known that77.I ______ my way through bushes and tall weeds to the front door and rang the bell.A. lostB. feltC. tookD. made78.______ the best of working with our classmates, it is important to recognize their strengthsand weaknesses.A. To makeB. MakeC. MakingD. Made79.He took a deep breath to calm himself, but his voice still sounded _______.A. excitingB. excitedC. exciteD. excitement80. –How often do eat out? --_______, but usually once a week.A. Have no ideaB. It dependsC. As usualD. Generally speaking81.–How can Indian peasants be encouraged to produce more crops?--The solution ________ a change in land ownership.A. lies inB. leads toC. takes inD. turns inKeys:01—05 B C A D A 06—10 C C B A B 11—15 C B D C B 16—20 A B C C C 21—25 B B B A B 26—30 B D C A D 31—35 B D B A B 36—40 C D A B C 41—45 C B D C B 46—50 C D B C B 51—55 D C D C D 56—60 C D B B A 61—65 B A D D A 66—70 A D A A D 71—75 A C C A C 76—81 B D A B B A。

雅思c11t1s1阅读原文

雅思c11t1s1阅读原文英文回答：The reading passage in IELTS Cambridge 11 Test 1 Section 1 discusses the topic of urban planning and the impact it has on the environment. The passage explains that urban planning plays a crucial role in creating sustainable and livable cities. It highlights the importance of considering environmental factors such as air quality, green spaces, and transportation systems when designing urban areas.One example mentioned in the passage is the city of Curitiba in Brazil. The city's urban planning focused on creating an efficient public transportation system, which reduced the number of cars on the road and minimized air pollution. As a result, Curitiba became a model city for sustainable urban development.Another example is the city of Freiburg in Germany. Thepassage mentions that Freiburg implemented a comprehensive urban planning strategy that prioritized sustainable energy sources and green architecture. The city now generates a significant portion of its energy from renewable sources and has become a leader in sustainable urban design.These examples demonstrate how effective urban planning can positively impact the environment. By considering factors such as transportation, energy sources, and green spaces, cities can create a more sustainable and livable environment for their residents.中文回答：雅思第11册第1套第1篇阅读原文讨论了城市规划对环境的影响。

ExercisesforRenaissanceandShakespeare

ExercisesforRenaissanceandShakespeareExercises for Renaissance and Shakespeare1. The essence of humanism is to ______.(A) restore a medieval reverence for the church(B) avoid the circumstances of earthly life(C) explore the next world in which men could live after death(D) emphasize human qualities2. Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following except________.(A) Hamlet and King Lear (B) Antony and Cleopatra and Macbeth(C) Julius Caesar and Othello (D) The Merchant of Venice andA Midsummer Night’s Dream3. Shakespeare’s comedies include all the following except________.(A) As You Like It and Twelfth Night(B) All’s Well Ends Well and Measure for Measure(C) King Lear and Othello(D) The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream4. “To be, or not to be: that is the question”is the famous line in Hamlet which expresses the Hamlet’s ______ character.(A) resolute (B)resolute and hesitant (C)stubborn(D)indecisive and hesitant5. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?(A) The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.(B) The speaker satirizes human vanity.(C) The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.(D) The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.1. In Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylock because _____.(A) his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industry. (B) his enterprise went bankrupt.(C) Bassanio was able to pay his own debt (D) his ships had all been lost.2. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?(A) The speaker eulogized the power of Nature. (B) The speaker satirizes human vanity.(C) The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. (D) The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.1. _______are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.2. In 1588, the progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state and enabled her to inflict a defeat on the _______Invincible Armada.3. _______ is anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.4. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____.5. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist Thomas More wrote his ______in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.6. ______is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.7. Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and are generally regarded as William Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.Questions for The Merchant of Venice1.The most interesting character in this play is Shylock. Some people think him as a cruel miser, deservinghis punishment while others consider him a victim of discrimination. From what you know of the play, what do you think of this character? To what extent does this character deserves our sympathy? Discuss with your classmates.2.After reading the “trial scene”, have you changed your idea about Shylock? Refer to the Question 6, andtry to defend your position with evidence from the text.3.Portia gives an eloquent speech on mercy when she tries to persuade Shylock to give up his bond.Consider the punishment received by Shylock, do you think the Christians are being merciful to Shylock?4.In Shakespeare’s day, the playwrights did not give details of stage direction in their play text. In this play,for example, nothing is said about how Shylock leaves the stage. Is he content? Or is he sad? Does he show his anger? If you were the actor playing the role of Shylock, how would you perform his exit. Questions for “To be, or not to be”1.What does Hamlet mean by “Thus conscience does make cowards of us all” (line 28)?2.What’s Hamlet’s dilemma? What has caused his dilemma?3.What’s Hamlet’s conception of life and death reflected in this soliloquy?4.Why does Hamlet refrain from taking action?5.Do you think Hamlet is justified in his hesitation? Why or why not?Questions for “Sonnet 18”1) Why does the persona “I” compare his lover to a summer’s day?2) Why the lover is more lovely and more temperate than a summer’s day?3) What is the persona’s opinion on beauty, immortal or temporary?4) What’s the theme of the poem?5) Why the poem is called sonnet in terms of poetic form?6) How many sonnets did Shakespeare write in his lifetime?Exercises for Revolution and Restoration1. The representative of the “Metaphysical” poetry is ______, whose poems are famous for his use of fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.A. John DonneB. John MiltonC. William BlakeD. Robert Burns2. English absolute monarchy was once again adopted in the reign of ________after the Queen Elizabeth.A. Edward VIB. James IC. Charles ID. Queen Ann3. The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for __________.A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationC. universal truthD. self- fulfillment4. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from _______.A. the RenaissanceB. the Old TestamentC. Greek MythologyD. the New Testament5. _________ is shown in John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress.A. UtopianismB. IdealismC. RealismD. Romanticism1.John Milton’s Paradise Lost opens with the description ofa meeting among the fallen angels, and endswith the departure of _______ and ________ from the Garden of Eden.2.The Pilgrim’s Progress tells of the spiritual pilgrimage of _________, who flies from the City ofDestruction, and finally comes to the Delectable Mountains and the Celestial City.1. Satan is undoubtedly an important character in Milton’s poem. Waldo Clarke says of Satan, “Pride is his ruling passion and next to it an indomitable courage and hope.” Can you find evidence from the two extracts that you have read to support or refute Clarke’s claim? How would you describe Satan?2. Why is Milton the greatest poet of the period? What is the significance of Paradise Lost?。

Exercises (keys)

Graduate English for the 21st Century Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words you have learned in the text without referring to the original. The first letter for each word is given.
b. A cloned child was imagined to create hypothetical families — a copy of one partner in a homosexual relationship or of a single parent, for example. c. Cloning is also suggested as a means of bringing back a relative, usually a child, killed tragically. d. Copying is also suggested as a means by which parents can have the child of their dreams.
Graduate English for the 21st Century Reading Comprehension
Answer the following questions according to the text. 2. According to the author, why do people want copies?
Graduate English for the 21st Century

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Risk, Cost of Capital, and Capital Budgeting5. 【Calculating WACC】Mullineaux Corporation has a target capital structure of 55 percent common stock and 45 percent debt. Its cost of equity is 16 percent, and the cost of debt is 9 percent. The relevant tax rate is 35 percent. What is Mullineaux’s WACC?11. Finding the WACC Given the following information for Huntington Power Co., ﬁnd the WACC. Assume the company’s tax rate is 35 percent.Debt: 4,000 7 percent coupon bonds outstanding, $1,000 par value, 20 years to maturity, selling for 103 percent of par; the bonds make semiannual payments.Common stock: 90,000 shares outstanding, selling for $57 per share; the beta is 1.10.Market: 8 percent market risk premium and 6 percent risk-free rate.12. 【Finding the WACC】Titan Mining Corporation has 9 million shares of common stock outstanding and 120,000 8.5 percent semiannual bonds outstanding, par value $1,000 each. The common stock currently sells for $34 per share and has a beta of 1.20, and the bonds have 15 years to maturity and sell for 93 percent of par. The market risk premium is 10 percent, T-bills are yielding 5 percent, and Titan Mining’s tax rate is 35 percent.a. What is the ﬁrm’s market value capital structure?b. If Titan Mining is evaluating a new in vestment project that has the same risk as the ﬁrm’s typical project, what rate should the ﬁrm use to discount the project’s cash ﬂows?13. 【SML and WACC】An all-equity ﬁrm is considering the following projects:The T-bill rate is 5 percent, and the expected return on the market is 12 percent.a. Which projects have a higher expected return than the ﬁrm’s 12 percent cost of capital?b. Which projects should be accepted?c. Which projects would be incorrectly accepted or rejected if the ﬁrm’s overall cost of capital were used as a hurdle rate?16. 【W ACC and NPV】Photochronograph Corporation (PC) manufactures time series photographic equipment. It is currently at its target debt-equity ratio of 1.3. It’s considering building a new $45 million manufacturing facility. This new plant is expected to generate aftertax cash ﬂows of$5.7 million in perpetuity. There are three ﬁnancing options:1. A new issue of common stock. The required return on the company’s equity is 17 percent.2. A new issue of 20-year bonds. If the company issues these new bonds at an annual coupon rate of 9 percent, they will sell at par.3. Increased use of accounts payable ﬁnancing. Because this ﬁnancing is part of the company’s ongoing daily business, the company assigns it a cost that is the same as the overall ﬁrm WACC. Management has a target ratio of accounts payable to long-term debt of .20. (Assume there is no difference between the pretax and aftertax accounts payable cost.)What is the NPV of the new plant? Assume that PC has a 35 percent tax rate.Solutions5. Using the equation to calculate the WACC, we find:WACC = .60 (.16) + .40(.09)(1 – .35) = .1194 or 11.94%11.We will begin by finding the market value of each type of financing. We find:MV D = 4,000($1,000)(1.03) = $4,120,000MV E = 90,000($57) = $5,130,000And the total market value of the firm is:V = $4,120,000 + 5,130,000 = $9,250,000Now, we can find the cost of equity using the CAPM. The cost of equity is:R E = .06 + 1.10(.08) = .1480 or 14.80%The cost of debt is the YTM of the bonds, so:P0 = $1,030 = $35(PVIFA R%,40) + $1,000(PVIF R%,40)R = 3.36%YTM = 3.36% × 2 = 6.72%And the aftertax cost of debt is:R D = (1 – .35)(.0672) = .0437 or 4.37%Now we have all of the components to calculate the W ACC. The W ACC is:WACC = .0437(4.12/9.25) + .1480(5.13/9.25) = .1015 or 10.15%Notice that we didn’t include the (1 – t C) term in the WACC equation. We simply used the aftertax cost of debt in the equation, so the term is not needed here.12. a.We will begin by finding the market value of each type of financing. We find:MV D = 120,000(元1,000)(0.93) = 元111,600,000MV E = 9,000,000(元34) = 元306,000,000And the total market value of the firm is:V = 元111,600,000 + 306,000,000 = 元417,600,000 So, the market value weights of the company’s financing is: D/V = 元111,600,000/元417,600,000 = .2672E/V = 元111,600,000/元417,600,000 = .7328b.For projects equally as risky as the firm itself, the WACC should be used as thediscount rate.First we can find the cost of equity using the CAPM. The cost of equity is:R E = .05 + 1.20(.10) = .1700 or 17.00%The cost of debt is the YTM of the bonds, so:P0 = 元930 = 元42.5(PVIFA R%,30) + 元1,000(PVIF R%,30)R = 4.69%YTM = 4.69% × 2 = 9.38%And the aftertax cost of debt is:R D = (1 – .35)(.0938) = .0610 or 6.10%Now we can calculate the WACC as:WACC = .1700(.7328) + .0610 (.2672) = .1409 or 14.09%13. a.Projects X, Y and Z.ing the CAPM to consider the projects, we need to calculate the expected returnof each project given its level of risk. This expected return should then be comparedto the expected return of the project. If the return calculated using the CAPM ishigher than the project expected return, we should accept the project; if not, wereject the project. After considering risk via the CAPM:E[W] = .05 + .60(.12 – .05) = .0920 < .11, so accept WE[X] = .05 + .90(.12 – .05) = .1130 < .13, so accept XE[Y] = .05 + 1.20(.12 – .05) = .1340 < .14, so accept YE[Z] = .05 + 1.70(.12 – .05) = .1690 > .16, so reject Zc. Project W would be incorrectly rejected; Project Z would be incorrectly accepted.16.We can use the debt-equity ratio to calculate the weights of equity and debt. The debt of thecompany has a weight for long-term debt and a weight for accounts payable. We can use the weight given for accounts payable to calculate the weight of accounts payable and the weight of long-term debt. The weight of each will be:Accounts payable weight = .20/1.20 = .17Long-term debt weight = 1/1.20 = .83Since the accounts payable has the same cost as the overall WACC, we can write theequation for the W ACC as:WACC = (1/2.3)(.17) + (1.3/2.3)[(.20/1.2)W ACC + (1/1.2)(.09)(1 – .35)]Solving for WACC, we find:WACC = .0739 + .5652[(.20/1.2)WACC + .0488]WACC = .0739 + (.0942)W ACC + .0276(.9058)W ACC = .1015WACC = .1132 or 11.32%Since the cash flows go to perpetuity, we can calculate the future cash inflows using the equation for the PV of a perpetuity. The NPV is:NPV = –$45,000,000 + ($5,700,000/.1132)NPV = –$45,000,000 + 50,372,552 = $5,372,552。