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雅思新版task1范文(改良版)

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the changes which occurred.Write at least 150 words.model answer:The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990.Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America’s energy ten years later.There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used.Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.Write at least 150 words.model answer:The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between 1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year period, while the Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community showed an increase.In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following year the number increased by one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however, there was a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it stabilised at about 11 million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied greatly. It started at 19 million tonnes in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14 million tonnes and then climbed back to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes were exported from the European Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.the top of the table, are analyzed in relation to each country.As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching television. On the other hand, this figure is quite low for China where only 15% of people watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at 23%, whereas only2 to 5%of people in the other countries feel the same way. 20% of people in England enjoy sleeping as a pastime whereas in Canada and the USA, for example, the figure is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese like hobbies the most at 50%, as opposed to only 20% in France. It isn’t surprising that the highest percentage of beach-lovers is in Australia and the USA at 30%.(175 words)The graph below gives information about the preferred leisure activities of Australian children.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown.The graph shows the preferred leisure activities of Australian children aged 5-14. As might be expected, it is clear from the data that sedentary pursuits are far more popular nowadays than active ones.Of the 10,000 children that were interviewed, all the boys and girls stated that they enjoyed watching TV or videos in their spare time.In addition, the second most popular activity, attracting 80% of boys and 60% of girls, was playing electronic or computer games.While girls rated activities such as art and craft highly – just under 60% stated that they enjoyed these in their spare time – only 35% of boys opted for creative pastimes.Bike riding, on the other hand, was almost as popular as electronic games amongst boys and, perhaps surprisingly, almost 60% of girls said that they enjoyed this too.Skateboarding was relatively less popular amongst both boys and girls, although it still attracted 35% of boys and 25% of girls.(157 words)The bar chart below shows the results of a survey conducted by a personnel department at a major company. The survey was carried out on two groups of workers: those aged from 18-30 and those aged 45-60, and shows factors affecting their work performance.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.The bar chart indicates a survey on two different age groups on the factors contributing to make their environment pleasant for working.These factors are divided into external and internal factors. The internal factors are team spirit, competent boss, respect from colleagues and job satisfaction. The external factors are chance for personal development, job security, promotional prospects and money.On the internal factors above 50% in both age groups agreed that team spirit, competent boss and job satisfaction are essential to make their environment pleasant. Whereas on the external factors, there are contrasting results. On the chance for personal development and promotional aspects, 80% to 90% of the younger groups were in favor while only less than 50% of the older group thought so. A similar pattern is also noted on job security. With regards to money, 69% to 70% on both age group said it is essential.In conclusion, the internal factors have similar responses from the two age groups while they had dissimilar responses on the external factors.(170 words)The flow chart illustrates the production of coloured plastic paper clips in a small factory.Write a report for a university tutor describing the production process.Write at least 150 words.There are four main stages in the production of plastic paper clips from this small factory. Two of these stages involve actual preparation of the clips, while the other two consist of quality control before the clips are sent out from the factory to the retailers to be sold to the public.To begin with, molten plastic is poured into three different moulds depending on the colour required; the colours are red, blue and yellow. Once these clips emerge from the moulds a quality control machine checks them for strength. Unsatisfactory clips are rejected. In the third stage in the process the clips are stored by hand into two groups, mixed and single colours. When this stage is complete the groups are checked a second time to ensure that the colour mixtures are divided correctly into single colours and mixed colour batches. Finally, the clips are packed and dispatched to the markets.(152 words)Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.In this analysis we will examine thr ee pie charts. The first one is headed ‘World Spending.’ The second is‘World Population’ and the third is ‘Consumption of Resources.’In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.In the second chart entitled ‘World Population’, it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa. Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the world’s resource.To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe.The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.•You should write at least 150 words.•You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001.In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide. The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 per cent of the total volume was purchased. The second largest consumer was Latin America. Europe and Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 per cent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at 7 per cent of the total volume of sales.Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated. In that year, shares were valued at approximately $35. Between 1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly to $70 per share. They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at $80 per share in mid-98. From then until 2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-2000.The graphs below show the types of music albums purchased by people in Britain according to sex and age. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.•You should write at least 150 words.•You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The three graphs provide an overview of the types of music people purchase in the UK. At first glance we see that classical music is far less popular than pop or rock music.While slightly more women than men buy pop music, the rock market is dominated by men with 30% buying rock, compared to 17% of women. From the first graph we see that interest in pop music is steady from age 16 to 44 with 20% of the population continuing to buy pop CDs after the age of 45.The interest in rock music reaches its peak among the 25 to 34 year olds, though it never sells as well as pop. Interest also drops off after the age of 35 with an even sharper fall from age 45 onwards, a pattern which is the opposite to the classical music graph.。

雅思图表作文TASK1精讲精练

雅思图表作文TASK1精讲精练A理论部分：雅思小作文概论1、文章结构：主要分三部分：i。

introductory sentence；ii。

body paragraph;iii.Concluding sentence具体讲：第一段introductory sentence只要写一句话，交待图形（如the line graph， pie chart等等），描述对象(如图表描述的是the number of tourists visiting England），地点(如the US, the UK等）以及时间（如between 1988 and 1997等等）；另外要注意的就是第一段不能和图表上方已给的句子太过相似！否则，会失分的！第二部分一般写1~3段，这要视情况而定。

这部分主要就是对比不同的数据，如相似或相同的数据；某个数据是另一个数据的2倍;某个数据所占比例最大或最小等等。

最后一段concluding sentence也只要写一句话,主要是总结图表的整个趋势。

2。

文章的效果。

很多学生会发现小作文的例文特别简单（尤其是剑桥书里提供的）。

原因很简单，这个report 的目的就是要让university lecturer了解某个事物的发展趋势,所以写出来的文章必须结构清晰、易懂，绝对不能太复杂,也不要把每个数据都描写出来,只要描写有代表性的，重要的数据即可.以下为雅思小作文的四个基本步骤第一步：改写题目通过同义词转换在短短的1分钟内就写好作文的第一段。

举例:The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992.题目中划线的单词都可以进行同义转换:graph—figure， show—illustrate， percentage-proportion， major-key, from…to…—between…and…,第二步：分析时态1. 图表小作文大部分时候使用过去时态,因为出现的数据一般都是以往的统计数据，过去的情形和现在的情形很有可能完全不一样,因此用过去时态比较恰当。

托福口语Task1-6各题答题技巧(精选)

1.托福口语Task1-6各题答题技巧1、托福口语task1答题技巧task1最常考的就是偏好题，通过智课老师的仔细研究，这类题型常出现的话题是人物话题、地点话题、事件话题或者是物品话题。

针对这类题型，同学们可以针对一个话题不断的神话，而且完全可以一个例子通用到各类话题中。

如果在文章的开头进行表述，是将主体分为三部分来阐述，开题无需技巧，简单读题即可，把you都改成me，比起Ithink……开头可以省去相对多的思维时间。

内容一般找三个理由，为避免理由重复或累赘，建议就方便、经济、减压等常用理由进行练习，并结合不断问自己How及Why等问题来充实内容，完成example的部分。

最后用连词进行连接，这里有个技巧，就使用first,also,finally，因为三到六题综合题中这三个词常成为提示词出现，在前两题中使用可对其有一定敏感度。

2、托福口语task2答题技巧结合第一题，第二题内容分布完全相同，并且这两题对时间把握尤其重要，要求考生进行“掐表”练习，对45s有感性认识，当一定练习后，口语部分的考试不再是考内容的，而是考时间的，因此在考试过程中掐时间角度有很多技巧可言。

3、托福口语task3答题技巧最讨厌的是41s说完这句短废话后变成42s，离perfecttime还是有3秒钟，那么可以用一些装口吃或吞口水的考场技巧将时间掐到44s或45s。

最后是三到六题的综合题部分。

综合题由于会有听力和阅读，因此要求考生对信号词定位有所敏感，口语中涉及的技巧是即使不理解听力内容，遇到生疏单词、句子，记下读音，再完整地还给考官，一样得分。

第三题听力内容中一男一女进行谈话，就他们对阅读内容的态度与否(支持还是反对)，不可以从语气上进行判断，要根据记录内容的回推去确认，以免犯错。

4、托福口语task4答题技巧(1)用两三句话概括阅读段落大意，重点在听力段落描述(2)阅读段落中有提到，但没有在听力段落中提到的信息，答题时可以不说(3)半数问题可能只针对听力段落提问，回答可不提阅读段落，引用概念即可5、托福口语task5答题技巧(1)前半部分问题的描述尽量使用模版，节约时间(2)前半部分陈述问题+描述方案时做到条理清晰，描述准确(3)描述个人倾向意见时不强求两条理由，一条充分描述即可6、托福口语task6答题技巧(1)描述清楚起因，结果和主要特征最重要(2)两个例子或试验分别进行描述，说完一个再说另一个(3)尽量不要遗漏重要信息，同时注意不要张冠李戴2.托福口语考试的常见问题托福口语考试对于大部分考生来说是比较头疼的，甚至有些考生并不知道该把托福口语备考的时候用在什么地方。

【最新】人教精通版英语6年级下册教案：Task 1-2 (3)

T: Look! Last Sunday I bought so many things. What’s in my shopping bag? T: Let’s look and read!T: Hey, boys and girls. I bring my shopping bag here.T: Do you want to have alook?T: What are these?T: Yes, you can stick the cards on it.T: Do you like them?T: Try your best to get one, OK?T: I bought these things in the toy shop and stationery shop. Stationery means the school things you use, just like pens, notebooks…T: Which shop would you like to go? Why? Ss: (Read the words)Cap, teddy bear,chocolate…S: They’re puzzles.S: Wow!S: Yes!(Food & Drink ShopToy ShopStationery ShopClothes Shop)S1: I’d like to go tothe …shopS2: I’d like to go tothe …shop because …通过看图读购物袋中的单词，复习了学生们一至五年级所学的关于服装、学具、玩具、食品和饮品类的单词，为接下来的学习做好铺垫，唤醒学生们的旧知。

而通过看真实的购物袋中的内容，将情景融入到课堂中来。

将小组分组（拼图）和本节课的铺垫内容完成。

话题的直接引入让学生们可以进入到情景中思考，带着问题进入到本课的新授内容中学习。

03综合英语1、2、5、10单元第一篇文章的task1和task2(原版)

目录1 Task 1 (1)2 Task 2 (2)3 Task 1 (3)4 Task 2 (3)5 Task 1 (4)6 Task 2 (4)7 Task 1 (6)8 Task 2 (6)Unit11Task 11. Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate(alleviate) that risk.2. You need to help them identify you as a prospective (expected) " key player ".3.Kelly was outstanding and outshone ( surpassed ) every other player on the field.4.Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates ( originates ) collaborations.5.He is a former science who transitioned ( transferred ) to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.6. The unions mobilized ( organized) thousands of workers in a protest against the cuts.7. This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions ( beliefs ).His speech was made with such great ambiguity ( vagueness) that neither supporter nor opponent could be certain of his true position.9. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets ( advantages ) above their technical assets.10. This approach, combined with a liberal use of the pronoun " we " and not just "I" when describing your accomplishments, can change the company's perception ( impression ) of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator.11. I'm trying to foster ( encourage ) an interest in classical music in my children.12.A German company collaborated ( cooperated ) with a Swiss firm to develop the product.2Task 2(1).public1.Detail of the highly sensitive information have not been made public.(know about by most people)2.The palace and its ground are open to the public during the summer months.( all the people in a country )3.The disclosure of the information will not be a criminal offence if it can be shown that it was in the public.( relating to or involving people in general, rather than being limited to a particular group of people) (2).discipline1. Working at home requires a good deal of discipline.( the ability to control your own behavior, so that you do what you expected to do )2. I didn't enjoy studying Philosophy-I found it too much of a theoretical discipline.( an area of knowledge or teaching, especially one such as history, chemistry, mathematics, etc. that is studied at a university )3. Different cultures have different ways of discipline their children .( to teach someone to obey rules and control their behavior )(3).reference1. The article made no reference to previous research on the subject.( a part of something you say or write in which you mention a person or thing )2. Ask your teacher to act as one of your reference.( a person who provide information about your character and abilities )3.The book will become a standard work of reference.( the act of looking at something for information)(4).strength1.He never ceased to be amazed by her physical strength.( the physical power and energy that makes someone strong )2. The great strength of our plan lies in its simplicity.( a particular quality or ability that gives someone or something an advantage )(5). personality1.He said he left the company because of a personality clash with the director.( someone 's character, especially the way they behave towards other people )2. It's partly the architecture which gives the town its personality.( the qualities which make a place or thing different and interesting )(6).demonstrate1. Supporters demonstrated outside the courtroom during the trial.( to protest or support something in public with a lot of other people )2. The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition.( to show or prove something clearly )Unit23Task 11. Each and every restaurant provides delicious yet economical culinary fare ( food ).2. GuangDong Province is located in southern China, with a moderate (mild) climate and abundant produce all year round.3. The culinary culture has exerted a far-reaching ( widespread ) influence on other parts of China.4. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic ( genuine).5. The names of Chinese dishes are diverse ( varied ).6. This dish of streaky ( fatty ) pork is prepared over a slow fire.7. People later name it Dongpo Meat, to commemorate ( honor ) this gifted and generous poet.8. It is famous for leaving a lingering ( continuing ) aftertaste in the mouth.9. The eating process is a time to show humility ( modesty ) and concern for other.10.Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River after being politically wronged ( treated unjustly ).4Task 21. budA. A blossom develops from a bud (n.)B. In this poem, the budding (adj.) flower means youth.2. accessA. The only access (n.) to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.B. Users can access (v.) their voice mail remotely.3. tasteA. The medicine had a slightly bitter taste (n.)B. There was a lot of hard work before we first tasted (v.) success.4. foolA. Katherine was nobody's fool (n.) when it came to money.B. It's no good fooling (v.) yourself. He's not coming back.5. produceA. The factory produces (v.) an incredible 100 cars per hour.B. We sell tinned goods and local produce. (n.)6. garnishA. They garnish (v.) the room with modern paintings.B. The chicken was served with garnish (n.) of parsley and green onion.7. reignA. The Queen reign (v.) but does not rule.B. The king's reign (n.) lasted for 30 years.8. concernA. Environment protection is a growing concern (n.) In China.B. He loved his wife, and concerned (v.) for her happiness.9. nameA. The building is named (v.) after a successful entrepreneur.B. Could I call you by your first name (n.) ?10. practiceA. I've practiced (v.) playing the piano for five years.B. It is his practice (n.) to take a walk after dinner every evening.Unit55Task 11.The speaker announced the establishment ( setup ) of a new college.2. He has traveled extensively in China, recording every facet ( aspect ) of life.3. This negative attitude is surprisingly prevalent ( common ) among young boys.4. At that point, the public sector deficit was estimated (judged) among young boys.5. It was claimed ( stated ) that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.6. Wildlife seems to flourish ( grow well ) in the area.7. He lives in Australia now, so we only see him very occasionally ( sometimes).8. She has been commissioned ( contracted ) to write a new national anthem.9. One of the most prestigious ( admired ) universities in the country is looking for a new president.10. He wouldn't let me reimburse ( pay ) him for the cost of his journey.11. Gaining confidence is a major component ( part ) when developing leadership skills.12. We need to be given greater flexibility ( ability to make changes ) in the use of resources.13. He'll never get anywhere working for himself-he lacks self-discipline ( self control ).6Task 2(1)1. It's one of the greatest masterpieces of Western art.2. I never quite mastered the art of walking in high heels.3. He doesn't have mastery of the basic rules of grammar.(2)1. He has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform.2. You can commission them to paint something especially for you.3. She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.(3)1. Franklin is in charge of executing the company's reorganization plan.2. The solicitors are proceeding with the execution of her mother's will.3. He sits on the executive committee that manages the bank.(4)1. Bear's Cafe needs to pay more attention to presentation and taste.2. The goddess is represented as a woman with cow's horns.3. The sword was presented by the family to the museum.4. Were you present when the news was announced.(5)1. The patent lists six inventors who worked on the system.2. Foreign investors have shown considerable interest in the venture.3. Caesar planned vast projects and emerged as great military innovator.(6)1.We had to stop for breath before we got to the top.2. She lay awake listening to her sister's steady breathing.3.The bank's new on-line service is still growing at a breathtaking pace.4. I was a little breathless and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.(7)1. The emotional and physical strain of the previous day had left him exhausted.2. The drug produced no obvious physiological response.3.Robyn's loss of memory is a psychological problem, rather than a physical one.(8)1. Martial arts teach respect, discipline, and cooperation.2. We are trying to get the baby into a routine of feeding and sleeping.3. You must discipline yourself to finish your work on time.(9)1. You're getting better-you just need a little more practice.2. The new drug has performed well in tests.3. Gemma spent hours trying to perfect her technique.4. In those days it was not though entirely proper for a woman to be on the stage.(10)1. The decision provoked an angry reaction from local residents.2. It took hours of negotiations to bring about a reconciliation between the two sides.3. The demonstrators offered little or no resistance to the police.4. There has been no response to his remarks from the government.Unit107Task 11. The academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a long-standing national consensus ( agreement ) about the value of education.2. She gave a staggeringly ( amazingly ) good performance in the TV program as a police officer investigating a murder.3. The President expects that the research them will work together to explore the complex issues in an open and collegial ( cooperative ) manner to find a solution.4. A monk who lives in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of contemplation ( thinking).5. Iron began to supersede ( replace ) bronze for tool making about 3000 years ago.6. She was staring out over the lake, composing ( creating) a poem in her mind.7. Not all countries appoint a poet laureate ( honored ) but most countries have many poets.8. We cannot predict with any accuracy how current discoveries and scholarship ( learning ) will influence future generations.9. We also have an obligation to ensure that the scholarly work of the academy is widely disseminated ( spread ).10. It would take nearly a book in itself to explain the scope, rigor ( strictness ), and stress of those tests.8Task 21. To solve a problem you have to understand its underlying causes.2. Once we've had the disease, we're usually immune for life.3. I was rather quiet as I didn't feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject.4. A broad and balanced education is a(n) imperative for raising standards.5. The fort was vulnerable to attack from the north.6. Their ideas diffused quickly across Europe.7. Economic concerns are foremost in many voters ' minds.8. I went to a(n) scholarly lecture this morning.9. The report illuminated the difficult issues at the heart of scientific policy.10. He is a man of ambition and eloquence.。

雅思小作文---TASK1图表题

雅思小作文 T A S K 1 图表题规律注意事项：1 . Task1 是客观写作，要求客观真实。

2 . 客观性：不应该有任何图里没有而靠自己主观想象加入的成分。

结尾段针对图形做出的总结性结论也应该是根据图表的实际内容做出的符合逻辑的总结。

准确性：图表里面的数据介绍要力求精确，不能抄错数字。

但当一个特征点没有落在一个准确的坐标值上时，允许进行合理的目测或估计一个大概数值。

详尽性：要有层次感，并不需要把所有的数字都推到文章里。

3 . 类型Table 表格题Line Graph 线图Bar Chart 柱状图Pie Chart 饼状图Process Chart 流程图4 . 看图要注意单位，标题和图例。

5 . 对于多数小作文题，题中给出了几个图就对应的写出几个主体段。

题目里只给出一个图，根据图中包含几类图形元素写几个主体段。

图中只给了一个图，但图中所含图形元素很多，则分类。

题目中出现多线多柱多饼，用“对应提取法“，把每组里的对应元素提出来组织主体段。

6 . 时态和发生时间意义对应。

陈述永恒事实的句型，其主句的谓语动词必定用一般现在时。

若题目里没有出现时间，则全文都使用一般现在时。

7 . 结构开头段(1~2句)改写原题主体段1 总体概括具体介绍数字主体段N 总体概括具体介绍数字结尾段(1~2句)介绍总数(若图里并没有明确的给出总数，则省略)结论(根据图里的数据得出有一定合理性的结论)8 . 开头段的改写题目中ShowProportion InformationThe number/amount of FamilyMalesFemaleInfluence改写成illustrate /compare percentagedatathe figure for householdmenwomenaffect/effectCategories kinds/typesSubway system Storeunderground railway/train system shop9 . 介绍数据或描述变化趋势的常用词。

牛津译林版九年级上册Unit 1《Know yourself》(Task)教学设计

牛津译林版九年级上册Unit 1《Know yourself》（Task）教学设计一. 教材分析《Know yourself》是人教版牛津译林九年级上册第一单元Task部分的内容。

本课的主题是了解自己，通过介绍一位名叫Mike的学生，让学生学会如何用英语介绍自己的性格、兴趣和梦想。

本课的主要语言点是描述性格、兴趣和梦想的词汇和句型，如：open-minded, hardworking, interested in, etc. 通过本课的学习，学生能够提高用英语进行自我介绍的能力，同时培养他们的自信心和自我认知能力。

二. 学情分析九年级的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础，能够听、说、读、写简单的英语句子。

但是，他们在使用英语进行自我介绍时，往往会感到紧张和不自信。

此外，他们对描述自己性格、兴趣和梦想的语言表达还不够熟练。

因此，在教学过程中，教师需要关注学生的情感态度，帮助他们建立自信，同时提供足够的语言输入和实践机会。

三. 教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够掌握描述性格、兴趣和梦想的词汇和句型，如：open-minded, hardworking, interested in, etc.2.能力目标：学生能够用英语进行自我介绍，表达自己的性格、兴趣和梦想。

3.情感目标：学生能够建立自信，勇于展示自己。

四. 教学重难点1.重点：描述性格、兴趣和梦想的词汇和句型。

2.难点：如何运用所学语言知识进行流畅的自我介绍。

五. 教学方法1.任务型教学法：通过完成任务，让学生在实际语境中运用所学知识。

2.交际法：鼓励学生积极参与课堂交流，提高他们的口语表达能力。

3.情感教学法：关注学生的情感态度，帮助他们建立自信。

六. 教学准备1.教材：人教版牛津译林九年级上册。

2.多媒体设备：电脑、投影仪、音响等。

3.教学课件：根据教学内容设计的课件。

4.作业素材：相关阅读材料和练习题。

七. 教学过程1.导入（5分钟）利用多媒体展示一位学生的照片，让学生猜测这位学生的性格、兴趣和梦想。

(word完整版)IELTS5-Test1-Task1范文

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040.In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan， approximately 7% in Sweden and 9％ in the US. However， while the figures for Western countries grew to about 15％ in around 1990, the figures for Japan dipped to only 2。

5% for much of his period， before rising to almost 5% again at the present time.In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries。

A自己写的内容(整理)-口语task1,task2

Person:人物：你最admire的一个人是谁？/ 一个对你一生重要的人/对你影响最深刻的人Famous peopleHelen kellerScientistThe scientist I admire most is Albert Einstein who changed the way we understand the universe. In the year Nineteen-Oh-Five, Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine, including one of the most important scientific documents in history.Albert Einstein's theories of relativity are about the basic ideas we use to describe natural happenings. They are about time, space, mass, movement, and gravity. This theory offered new ideas about gravity and the close relationship between matter and energy. Besides his scientific achievements, he was a simple man in life and showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. That’s why I admire him most.AthleteThe athlete I like most is Liu Xiang who is one of the most famous athletes in China. He not only won Gold medal at the Athens Olympics but also keeps the world record. He sets a good example to indicate that persistence and hard working make perfect. His spirits encourage lots of young people in our country. Furthermore, he is a kind-hearted person as well. He has donated his precious track shoes to charity foundations. So，because of these contributions and good characters, I regard Liu Xiang as my favorite athlete.Normal peopleMotherMy mother has influenced me greatly in the past years. Since she suffered from an incurable disease more than twenty years ago and was told that this disease may cause greater pain than cancer could. But she held a positive attitude towards life and always told me that we should not yield to disasters in life but to strive for hope and spare no effort to realize our dream. Her perseverance and determination have told me what true bravery is and stimulated me to pursue my goal and cherish what we have. That’s why I regard my mother as the most important/influential person in my life.T eacherThe teacher who influences me most is my teacher of Architecture history because she changed my attitude towards designing. She is an excellent designer with a great passion for architecture and teaching.In addition, she respects our individual understanding of the distinctive styles in history and encourages us to pursue our own way of learning and designing. As my tutor, she gives me advice not only on my design work but also on the difficulties I meet in school life. Besides, she is an easy-going person so we always have discussions freely. During the years on the campus, I gradually formed my new ideas of design, passion, and independent thinking. That’s why I think she is the best teacher.性格：你认为作为一个朋友最重要的特点是什么/what qualities should a leader have/一个人在团队工作中最重要的quality/好老师的character/一个你敬佩的人的好性格/what do you think are the characteristics of a good parent?The characteristics of friendsThere are several characteristics that I think a true friend should have. First, a true friend should be sincere. That means he or she becomes my friend just for me, not for my possession, power or other considerations. And a true friend should be candid, which means when I’m going to do something wrong, he or she would dissuade me and they would not just flatter me but point out my defects. Second, I believe that a friend in need is a friend indeed. When I’m in trouble, he or she is here and supports me; when I’m depressed, he or she would stay with me and encourage me. In addition, a true friend should be reliable enough so that I can share my secrets and feelings with him or her. Therefore, I think these are the important characteristics that a true friend should have.The characteristics of a leaderThere are several characteristics that I think a leader should have. First, a good leader should acquire the ability to organize people with different backgrounds. A leader may be patient enough to listen to his underlings and still keep hisown mind. As a leader, he or she might encounter disputes among team members in making a decision. In that case, he or she must be careful enough to analyze the proposals and decisive enough to make the final decision. In addition, a good leader should treat team members fairly without bias or discrimination, which would greatly stimulate those diligent members so the efficiency of the whole team can be improved. Therefore, I think they are the most important characteristics.The characteristics of a teacherIn my opinion, a good teacher should first love the job and then love his or her students and treat them fairly without bias or discrimination. A good teacher must be patient enough to teach his or her students and stimulate their interest in pursuing what they like. Besides, knowledge is not the only thing that students should acquire at school, I think. Teachers should be open-minded to encourage students to understand the idea of independent thinking so that students could learn more by themselves. A good teacher will not tell students all the answers but leave them a space to work it out themselves. Besides, teachers are supposed to instruct students to respect and love their fellows. In short, love for the job and students, patience and desire to stimulate students’ potential, instruction of love and respect are the most important characteristics a good teacher should possess.The characteristics of a parentIn my opinion, good parents should be patient enough to listen to their children and stimulate their interest in pursuing what they like. Parents are supposed to be open-minded to encourage children to understand the idea of independent thinking so that they could learn to deal with their own work. Besides, parents’ behavior and personal values will influence their children so parents need to pay attention to children’s health both physical and psychological and don’t put much press on their kids. In short, patience, understanding, and tolerance are the most important characteristics that good parents should have.The characteristics in teamworkIn my opinion, the good characteristics for a person in a team should include reliability, loyalty, patience, skill of good communication and passion for work. First, a reliable and loyal team member will always get work done and meet the requirements. In addition, members in a team need to deal with affairs together so a good communication skill will be indispensable for a member to work with his colleagues efficiently. Besides, a person with great desire and passion will work positively and actively so the efficiency of the whole team can be improved. And great passion often makes the person strive for better performance and improvement of their products or service. In short, I think these are good characteristics of a team member.PlaceA country：If you could live abroad, where would you go/ What place you never visited before do you want to visit most/ Describe a place you have never been to but like to go someday.The country I’d like to visit most should be Norway. First it’s said that the country’s name “Norway” means the way to the north. I live in south China so I always have a plan of going to north regions to enjoy the different and fresh landscape there, especially the snow in winter. It never snows in my home town and the city I’m living in. Second, I heard of Norway from fairy stories when I was still a little kid. So I always hope that I could go there some day. Besides, I’m very interested in different cultures around the world, especially those different from my own. In addition, I made several Norwegian friends last year when they visited my campus. So I hope to meet them in their country. I think they are the main reasons.A public area: Talk about you favorite park or public area/你和朋友在一起的时候喜欢去哪个地方/介绍你最喜欢的城市的一个地方In my spare time, I like to go to the stadium in the city and the sports center there. First, taking exercise there is very interesting and often I could meet new people and play together. Sometimes we could become friends after having fun. In addition, the sports facilities there are excellent and I could find almost whatever I’d like to play with. Besides, I like the environment around the center because of the fresh air and grassland. Sometimes I go there not for sports but for relaxationwith friends or for taking photos. That’s because I like photography and this is an ideal place. Even walking around here would relieve my stress, especially after several days of hard work. That’s why I like to go there.如果你去restaurant 或者café，你总注意的是什么features. Features of cafe or restaurant you likeIf I choose a restaurant or café, I think the most important factor is the food and drink provided there. Of course I would like to go to restaurants with delicious food. In addition, the environment there should be elegant and free of noise so that I could meet friends there and have a nice conversation. Besides, the service in that restaurant should be nice and attentive so I would enjoy every second staying there and like to go back some day later. One of the reasons for going to restaurants is that I like to try new foods. Consequently an attractive restaurant should try to offer something new and keep those popular ones.Hometown: The favorite place in your town.When you are away from home, what do you miss most?When I am away from hometown, the place that occurs to me most should be my home, especially my bedroom. My bedroom is the private space where I can do whatever I want to. When I was tired, I liked to lie down on my big bed and listen to favorite music. When I was excited, I would try out new ideas and watch movies or play card games with my best friends there. Sometimes we just talked with each other and confided our own secrets which we wouldn’t tell our parents. Besides, I would like to paint and make sketches in my bedroom because I can concentrate on my work without disturbance.Home: Which room do you like most?同上ExperienceImpressed experience: an enjoyable event impressed in your childhood/说一个参加过的memorial活动/most memorable events in your childhood.The most memorable event in my life is the moment when I first arrived at this city four years ago and got off the train. It was pretty hot that evening. I knew I was supposed to spend five years here and I was curious to meet my new classmates in this college. When I got out of the railway station, I looked out into the buildings along the road. Everything seemed fresh to me and I even began to imagine the landscape and architecture on the campus. That was the beginning of my college life and the five years will greatly influence my future life so I think it is the most memorable one.Important decisionThe most important decision for me is to choose to study architecture in this university. Upon high school graduation, I had to choose from plenty of universities and majors so I followed my desire and passion. I like the feeling of being a designer, the feeling of doing something new, something creative. Architecture is just one ideal choice which requires innovation and creativity. Besides I grow up in a small city where the local environment is getting worse and worse. I hope that I could gain the ability of architectural and landscape design so as to serve both the community and my own calling. In addition, this decision is of great importance to me because the five years I have to spend on campus are the essential period in my life. That’s why I think it the most important decision.Embarrassing momentThe most embarrassing moment I have ever experienced is that I slept in the class of architecture history but suddenly fell down to the ground. On that day I took the architecture history class in the afternoon. But I have been working on several other subjects for days and have to hand in the design assignments before that afternoon. So I didn’t sleep the last night and felt quite sleepy in the class. Finally I had a nap during the break and suddenly fell down to the ground. I was so embarrassed because the teacher and all the other students were staring at me. What a big surprise. I guess that might be the most embarrassing one.Challenging: Describe one of your challenging experience你怎么攻克的Opportunity: 说一个你有过得opportunity，并解释。

托福独立口语TASK1题型细节分析(精选)

1.托福独立口语TASK1题型细节分析1、新托福口语的task1以生活类话题为主，相对综合口语的答题要求并不是那么复杂。

这个task的题目并不涉及到阅读和听力短文，学生只需回答听到的问题即可。

学生会有15秒的准备时间和45秒的回答时间。

但是，这道考题并不是单纯的就一个话题进行论述，而是给出两种观点，考生就这两种观点发表自己的看法，并且通常需要给出自己的偏向。

在论述的过程中，考生能否给出具有说服力的理由是得分的关键。

其实这部分的考题非常类似于雅思大作文task2的考题的出题形式，并且在回答思路上也是非常相近的。

2、托福task1虽然属于生活类话题，但话题的覆盖面还是相当广的。

常见的有：媒体类、教育类、环境类、抽象类、工作类、休闲娱乐类、生活类、地点类等。

3、应对这样的考题有很多种方式和结构，在这里，我们推荐给大家一种较为简单的结构。

首先先给出一个让步，即先就自己不同意的意见进行论述，并阐明这种观点的可取之处。

2.托福口语如何高效备考托福口语的练习方法有很多，从背模板到做官方真题Official等等都是其中之一。

在众多的学习方法中，有些方法因为较高的时间投入和回报而受到考生推崇。

托福口语如何练习的问题一直困扰许多同学，大家缺乏有效的练习手段，而只能依赖大量做题来摸索出路。

1、口语材料巧准备针对托福口语的第一题，我们常把它称作独立任务。

应对这样的托福口语考试题目，我们可以准备一些常用的口语段子，大家可以根据不同话题准备几个属于自己的口语段子，这样在需要时就可得心应手。

针对托福口语的2-4题，大家可以做出问题的基本框架，利用这个框架来帮住自己理清思路。

把听到的内容填进空中，再在相关的地方填上自己的看法，这样答案便可轻松得到了。

2、模拟练习升水平在做了上述准备后，你便可以自己托福口语考试实战练习，看看自己的能力了。

你可以利用OG和模拟考软件来多加练习。

另外到了考前最后一个月，把预测的题目全部做一遍，测一下自己的口语水平。

新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程1答案截图及课文翻译(完整版)

•
红色方块标记(■)表示该练习为必答题。
•
红色星号(*)表示该练习为客观题。
•
打勾(S表示您已完成的练习。
•
励表示老师批改后的成绩。如果您的老师没有批改，主观题的缺省分值为0%,客观题的分值为
系统自动打分。
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点击J或做可杳看您该题的详细答题情况。
• 数。
单元平均成绩=该单元计入教科书成绩的章节得分百分和/该单元需计入教科书成绩的章节总
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Reading in detail: VoCabUlary exercises TaSk 4

软件版本控制与Git考试

软件版本控制与Git考试（答案见尾页）一、选择题1. Git是一个开源的分布式版本控制系统，它的英文全称是什么？A. GitB. HTTPSC. SVND. CVSS2. Git中，用于将本地提交推送到远程仓库的命令是？A. pullB. pushC. commitD. merge3. 在Git中，如果合并后产生了冲突，通常如何解决冲突？A. 保存修改并继续合并B. 使用`git add`将修改标记为已解决C. 使用文本编辑器直接在文件中进行冲突修改D. 使用`git checkout`强制覆盖远程仓库的版本4. Git中，分支管理的策略有哪些？A. 创建新的分支并切换到新分支B. 在当前分支的基础上创建新分支C. 切换到已经存在的另一个分支D. 删除本地的本地分支5. Git中，用于查看提交历史和提交信息的命令是？A. git logB. git showC. git diffD. git blame6. Git中，用于将一个分支的更改合并到另一个分支的命令是？A. mergeB. rebaseC. cherry-pickD. merge --squash7. Git中，什么是浅克隆？它有什么特点？A. 浅克隆是指仅克隆了部分历史记录的分支B. 浅克隆的速度比深克隆快C. 浅克隆可以包含未跟踪的新文件D. 浅克隆无法共享对象文件8. Git中，如何撤销最近的一次提交？A. 使用`git revert`B. 使用`git reset`和`HEAD~1`C. 使用`git reset`和`HEAD~2`D. 使用`git cherry-pick`回滚到上一个提交9. Git中，什么是钩子（hook）？它在Git中的作用是什么？A. 钩子是在特定事件发生时被自动执行的脚本B. 钩子可以用于自动执行代码检查、测试等C. 钩子只在提交时起作用D. 钩子只能用于添加提交信息的前缀10. Git中，如何查看本地仓库的所有分支以及当前所在的分支？A. `git branch`B. `git status`C. `git branch -a`D. `git branch -r`11. Git是一个用于代码版本管理的分布式版本控制系统，它的英文全称是什么？A. GitB. CVSSC. SVND. Mercurial12. Git中，用于跟踪和管理代码更改的命令是？A. commitB. pushC. pullD. all of the above13. 在Git中，如果合并分支时出现冲突，你需要如何解决？A. 重新编写代码B. 使用合并策略C. 使用rebaseD. 手动编辑冲突文件14. Git中，用于创建新仓库的命令是什么？A. git initB. git createC. git newD. git repository15. Git中，用于将本地分支推送到远程仓库的命令是？A. git pushB. git sendC. git postD. git push origin16. Git中，用于查看提交历史和日志的命令是什么？A. git logB. git historyC. git showD. git log all17. Git中，用于比较两个分支之间差异的命令是什么？A. git diffB. git compareC. git diff3D. git merge18. Git中，用于设置用户姓名和邮箱的命令是什么？A. git config --global "Your Name"B.gitconfig--globaluser.email"*********************"C. git config --local "Your Name"D.gitconfig--localuser.email"*********************"19. Git中，用于从远程仓库拉取最新版本的命令是什么？A. git fetchB. git pullC. git updateD. git get20. Git中，用于将本地分支推送到远程仓库并创建新分支的命令是什么？A. git push -u origin branch_nameB. git push -u origin new_branch_nameC. git push -u origin branch_name:new_branch_nameD. git push -u origin new_branch_name:branch_name21. Git是一个用于代码版本控制的哪个工具？A. CVCS（Centralized Version Control System）B. SVN（Subversion）C. MercurialD. Git22. Git中，以下哪个命令可以用来查看提交历史？A. git logB. git diffC. git commitD. git status23. 在Git中，如何撤销最近的一次提交？A. git revertB. git resetC. git cherry-pickD. git merge24. Git中，分支创建的命令是什么？A. git branchB. git checkoutC. git pushD. git merge25. Git中，哪个命令用于将本地分支推送到远程仓库？A. git pushB. git pullC. git fetchD. git merge26. Git中，如何查看文件被哪些提交修改过？A. git logB. git diffC. git file-modeD. git blame27. Git中，哪个命令用于比较两个分支之间的差异？A. git diffB. git mergeC. git cherry-pickD. git bisect28. Git中，如何将一个分支的更改合并到另一个分支？A. git mergeB. git rebaseC. git patchD. git merge-tree29. Git中，哪个命令用于创建一个新的分支？A. git checkout -bB. git branch -bC. git branch --newD. git checkout --orphan30. Git中，如何查看所有本地分支及其状态？A. git branchB. git statusC. git branch -aD. git reflog31. Git是一个用于版本控制的哪个工具？A. 文本编辑器B. 集成开发环境（IDE）C. 仓库管理软件D. 以上都不是32. Git中，用于跟踪更改的命令是？A. commitB. branchC. mergeD. tag33. 在Git中，如果合并分支时出现冲突，你应该：A. 保存工作区文件，继续合并B. 使用git merge --continue命令C. 使用git merge --abort命令D. 重新打开一个新分支进行合并34. Git中的分支管理策略是什么？A. 创建新分支并立即合并到主分支B. 每次提交都生成一个新的分支C. 根据需要创建和合并分支D. 限制每个仓库的分支数量35. Git中的标签（tag）用于标记：A. 代码的版本号B. 项目的里程碑C. 分支的起点D. 代码的预览版本36. Git中的浅克隆（shallow clone）是指仅克隆最近的一次提交记录，这样做的好处是什么？A. 减少克隆所需的时间和存储空间B. 加速克隆过程C. 方便在远程仓库之间切换D. 提高克隆的安全性37. Git中的合并冲突是如何产生的？A. 同一文件的同一部分被不同的开发者修改B. 两个不同分支的相同文件存在不同的更改C. 两个不同分支的相同文件存在相同的更改D. 以上都不是38. Git中的rebase命令用于：A. 将一个分支的提交移到另一个分支B. 创建新的提交记录，将多个提交压缩成一个提交C. 修改提交历史记录D. 以上都不是39. Git中的push命令用于：A. 将本地仓库的提交推送到远程仓库B. 从远程仓库拉取最新的提交记录C. 创建一个新的分支D. 以上都不是40. Git中的commit命令用于：A. 提交本地仓库的更改B. 从远程仓库拉取最新的提交记录C. 创建一个新的分支D. 以上都不是二、问答题1. 什么是Git？2. Git的工作原理是什么？3. 如何配置Git？4. 什么是Git仓库？5. 如何将更改提交到Git仓库？6. 什么是分支？7. 什么是合并？8. 什么是远程仓库？参考答案选择题：1. A2. B3. C4. ABCD5. AB6. A7. ACD8. A9. AB 10. C11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. C21. D 22. A 23. A 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. C31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. A 40. A问答题：1. 什么是Git？Git是一个分布式版本控制系统，用于跟踪代码的更改和管理项目的版本历史。

2020年托福口语真题独立口语任务task1

2020托福口语真题task11/4上午：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：Students learning through videos is as effective as taking class in classroom. Use specific examples and details to support your answer.下午：library应该是安静让人学习的还是跟同学interact的1/5Some people like to shop at stores. That sell many different types of products while others like to shop at stores that specialize in a single type of product. Which do you prefer? include details and examples to support your explanation1/11大学里规定，每一周学生的打工时间不能超过一定小时你是否同意？1/12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be required to pass a sport physical exam (swimming, running) before they graduate. Why? （重复2018.7.7NA）7/11Some people prefer to travel to new place, while others prefer to revisit a place they have been to before. Which do you prefer and why?7/18Some students prefer to make friends with people who are about the same age. Other students prefer to make friends with people of different ages. Which why do you prefer and why?7/25Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To truly know about a county, it is necessary to learn a major language of this country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? the determining factor of a student’s success in schools very much depends on the amount of intelligence?（重复2017.11.25）8/16Some people prefer to hold parties, while others do not like to hold parties or other social events. They prefer to participate in parties. Which way do you prefer and why?8/19Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children who have participated in physical activities from an early age can be more aggressive when they grow up.8/22A company introduced a new policy that employees will have more free time to relax and do other activities on workdays. Do you agree or disagree with this policy? Why or why not?When a brand-new product launches, some people prefer to buy it and experience it at first time, while some people would prefer to wait for a while, after the price goes down, to buy that product. Which one is your habit and why? Give specific explanation in your response.8/26Do you agree or disagree with the statement that watching videos online is a more effective learning method than attending classes?8/29Some college students prefer to take classes during the summer, while others prefer to go off from campus so that they can have a rest or take a job.Which one would you prefer to choose? Give specific explanation in your response.8/30When you hang out with your friends, in terms of where to play, do you prefer to make decisions by yourself or byyou and your friends together? Give specific explanation in your response.9/6Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important for children to leave their homes to visit their relatives or friends for a short period of time. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. （重复2016.12.3）9/9Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When watching TV, should we discuss the plot with our families or keep silent? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.9/12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University library should be open to the public. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.9/13Some parents always try to prevent their children from making mistakes, while others allow their kids to keep trying and make mistakes. Which opinion do you think is better and why?9/19Imagine that you have been accepted by two different universities, one university is well-known for its excellent academic program, but it's expensive, while the other is less well-known, but has offered you with scholarship to pay for your intuition fee. Which university would you prefer? explain why.9/23Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:it is important for young people to learn domestic skills such as cooking, sewing, caring for children.（重复2016.12.11）9/26Some people think students should learn mathematics when they study in colleges, while others think only thosestudents who need it in the future should learn mathematics in colleges. Which one do you prefer and why?9/27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All the university students should be required to learn math and science including those who major in art and music.10/10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Boss should maintain close friendship with employees.10/14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Children should approach computer and other electronic devices as early as possible?10/17When students are reading, some choose books from the reading list their schools give.Others choose books by themselves. Which do you prefer？10/24There is a two-professor team teaching one course together. One of them gives the lecture and the other one gives the assignment. Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not?10/31Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Employees shouldn’t send personal text or emails during work hours.11/1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to learn about a country is to watch television shows about this country.11/7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to improve writing skills, all university studentsshould be required to take writing or composition courses in their first year of college even if these courses are not in their field of study.11/8Do you agree or disagree with the statement that parents should prevent their children from pursuing jobs in competitive fields such as actors, musicians and athletes?11/11Some professors prefer to answer students’questions at any time of the class, while other professors prefer to answer questions raised by students at the end of the class, which one do you think is better for learning and why?11/14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Good friends always make best roommates.11/15Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students learn more when teachers assign a lot of homework.11/21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is a good idea to use educational games in class.（重复2016.4.9）11/22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Good teachers can admit they make mistakes or don’t know something.Please give specific details to support your opinion.11/29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？The professor who have received good evaluations from students should be promoted.（重复2019.4.17在家考）12/2Some people think that those children who do not want to keep learning a musical instrument course should be required to keep learning the course; while others think that those children should be allowed to make decisions by themselves (they can still do exercises by themselves without continuin g with the class). What is your opinion andwhy?Please give specific details to support your opinion.（重复2018.10.15）12/5When you have a disagreement with your friends, do you prefer to talk it out face to face, or send an email or a text message to solve it?（重复2019.9.21）12/6Some people think college students should learn specific courses like teaching orengineering . Others think they should learn general courses. Which do you prefer?12/12When your friends send a message to you, you prefer to reply right away or reply later？12/19Your university is planning to require all first-year students to take a class in which they would learn how to use the resources available at the university library and apply those skills in writing a long research paper, do you think this is a good idea?12/20When professors are considering assignresearch to the students , they should assign a specific research topic or let students to decided the research topic ?。

C#多线程五之Task（任务）一

C#多线程五之Task（任务）⼀1、简介为什么MS要推出Task,⽽不推Thread和ThreadPool,以下是我的见解:(1)、Thread的Api并不靠谱,甚⾄MS⾃⼰都不推荐,原因,它将整个Thread类都不开放给Windows Sotre程序,且它的Api过于强⼤,如果在程序中过度使⽤,维护的成本太⾼,想想代码中充斥着挂起线程,阻塞线程、后期的应⽤程序很难维护.(2)、ThreadPool最⼤的问题是,所有的辅助线程都是异步的,没有向Thread的Join⽅法那样去等待⼀个线程执⾏完,然后执⾏回调函数的机制,也就是你⽆法判断线程什么时候执⾏完,也没有机制获得线程的返回值,所有MS推出了Task来解决Thread和ThreadPool的问题当然最主要的是,Thread和Thread好⽤.因为Task是它们的升级版,升级版当然⽐较好.2、Task的缺点虽然Task以其强⼤的Api,以及封装,让我们在CLR环境下,能完成⾼效率的编程,但是它并不是没有缺点的,⾼效率的背后,肯定带来的性能的损失,这⼀点很多类似的框架都能说明,⽐如EF,强⼤的背后,⼤量的使⽤了反射等操作,所以虽然开发效率提升了,但是性能却下降了,这⾥不想说太多,所以简单的api 可能不会产⽣过多的性能损耗,所以这也是为什么⼤型互联⽹项⽬,更愿意使⽤原⽣Ado或者Dapper去做.所以这些在我们的实际开发中,这些都需要我们去权衡.有得必有失.下⾯来简单的说下Task具体在哪⾥会产⽣性能损失:很直观,直接分析ThreadPool类和Task类的构造:ThreadPool类很简洁,没有任何的字段和属性!Task类，1700⾏代码,⾥⾯有⼤量的字段和属性,⼤致如下:还包括对⽗任务的引⽤、任务调度器(TaskScheduler)的引⽤、对回调⽅法的引⽤、对执⾏上下⽂(ExecutionContext)的引⽤、对ManualResetEventSlim信号量的引⽤、还有CancellationToken取消信号量(我把它理解为信号量)的引⽤、⼀个ContinueWithTask的任务集合的引⽤、还有未抛出异常的Task对象集合的引⽤等等,这些后⾯的⽂章都会介绍.所以,不分析具体的性能损耗点,但是单单两个类的构造,你就能清楚使⽤那个类创建线程所产⽣的性能消耗⼤.3、实战(1)、不带返回值,实现和ThreadPool线程池线程⼀样的效果static void Main(string[] args){var result=Task.Run(() => Calculate("这个参数很六啊"));Console.WriteLine("主线程有没有在继续执⾏,look look");Console.ReadKey();}static void Calculate(string param){Console.WriteLine("⼦线程开始执⾏,带着主线程给它传递的参数呢!参数是:{0}",param);Thread.Sleep(2000);Console.WriteLine("⼦线程执⾏完了");}根据输出,发现主线程并没有等带⼦线程执⾏完毕,通过开启⼀个新线程之后,⽴刻返回去执⾏它⾃⼰的任务.(2)、带返回值static void Main(string[] args){var result=Task.Run(() => Calculate(1));Console.WriteLine(result.Result);Console.WriteLine("主线程有没有在继续执⾏,look look");Console.ReadKey();}///<summary>///简单递归计算n+(n-1)+.....+1///</summary>///<param name="param"></param>///<returns></returns>static int Calculate(int param){if (param == 1)return1;return param + Calculate(param - 1);}⽆论给Calculate⽅法传递的参数多⼩,主线程都等待⼦线程返回结果后,在继续执⾏它的任务.所以可以得出结论.调⽤⼦线程返回值的Result属性相等于调⽤了Wait⽅法,当然Task确实提供了这个实例⽅法,但是使⽤Result属性⼀样有这个效果.主线程会等待⼦线程执⾏完毕在执⾏它的任务.(3)、关于Task的⼩要点当主线程通过Task开启了⼀个⼦线程之后,返回做⾃⼰的事情,当它执⾏到Wait⽅法,这个时候主线程会阻塞,CPU的执⾏速度很快,所以它会去判断⼦线程有没有开始执⾏,如果没有执⾏,那么它会⾃⼰去做⼦线程的任务,⽽不是开启⼀个新的线程去做.这样就节约了系统资源.这样就不会存在线程阻塞的情况.所有事情都由主线程⼲完.(4)、关于简单的死锁问题⼀般死锁的产⽣,都是多线程争⽤相同的资源导致的.下⾯就来重现⼀下.private static object lockObj = new object();static void Main(string[] args){var result=Task.Run(() => Calculate(100));lock (lockObj){Console.WriteLine("主线程这个时候争⽤了lockObj锁,并执⾏⼦线程");Console.WriteLine(result.Result);}Console.WriteLine("主线程有没有在继续执⾏,look look");Console.ReadKey();}///<summary>///简单递归计算n+(n-1)+.....+1///</summary>///<param name="param"></param>///<returns></returns>static int Calculate(int param){lock (lockObj){Console.WriteLine("⼦线程这个时候也去争⽤lockObj锁,发现主线程已经争⽤了这个锁,那么它等待主线程释放这个锁,但是主线程正等待它执⾏完!");Console.WriteLine("好了,这个时候就发⽣了死锁现象.主线程等⼦线程执⾏完,⼦线程等主线程释放lockObj锁,两个线程在相互等待,死锁了");}if (param == 1)return1;return param + Calculate(param - 1);}光标⼀直在那闪啊闪,好吧,那就都等着吧.谁都执⾏不下去了.解决办法很简单.在创建⼀个新的锁,这个就不代码演⽰了.(5)、取消Task创建的⼦线程取消Task创建的线程和取消ThreadPool创建的⼦线程⼀样,通过CancellationTokenSource类实现,代码如下:var cancellationSource = new CancellationTokenSource();cancellationSource.Cancel();try {Task.Run(() => ChildThread(cancellationSource.Token));}catch(AggregateException ex){//处理⼦线程抛出的异常ex.Handle((x) => x is OperationCanceledException);}Console.WriteLine("主线程继续做它的事情");Console.ReadKey();}///<summary>///⼦线程///</summary>static void ChildThread(CancellationToken token){token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();Console.WriteLine("⼦线程做完了它的事情");}(6)、任务完成时启动新的任务 ContinueWith当使⽤Task进⾏多线程任务开发时,不建议使⽤Wait⽅法或者Result属性,去阻塞主线程,原因如下:i、会卡界⾯ii、伸缩性好的软件,不会这么做,除⾮迫不得已iii、很有可能创建新的线程,浪费资源(如果主线程执⾏的⾜够快,它可能⾃⼰去完成⼦线程的任务,⽽不是创建新的线程)代码如下:static void Main(string[] args){//开启⼀个⼦线程进⾏计算操作var watch = Stopwatch.StartNew();Task<int> task=Task.Run(() => ChildThreadOne());//当⼦线程⼀计算完毕之后,开启⼀个新的线程去执⾏输出⼦线程⼀的结果,这⾥新的线程不会阻塞//只有当⼦线程完成计算输出后,它才会开启,并输出⼦线程的值//所以该程序并不会发⽣线程阻塞的情况task.ContinueWith(x =>{watch.Stop();Console.WriteLine("输出⼦线程⼀的返回值:{0},耗时:{1}", task.Result, watch.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000);});Console.WriteLine("主线程继续做它的事情");Console.ReadKey();}///<summary>///⼦线程⼀///</summary>///<returns></returns>static int ChildThreadOne(){Thread.Sleep(2000);//模拟长时间运算return666;}这⾥注意两点:(1)、这⾥ContinueWith会检测到⼦线程完成之后,⽴即启动⼀个新的线程去显⽰结果.不会存在⼦线程还没有完成计算的情况下,输出⼀个空值,或者发⽣异常,这⼀点,CLR能保证.(2)、这⾥ContinueWith会返回⼀个Task对象⽰例,所以可以调⽤Wait⽅法,或者Result属性,单⼀般不建议这么做,还是那句话会阻塞线程.⼀般都忽略这个Task实例,所以需要谨慎使⽤.static void Main(string[] args){Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => ChildThreadOne());var t1=task.ContinueWith((x) => ChildOneContinueOne(task.Result));var t2=task.ContinueWith((x) => ChildOneContinueTwo(task.Result));t1.ContinueWith(x => { Console.WriteLine("输出⼦线程⼀的计算结果加10后的结果值:{0}", t1.Result); });t2.ContinueWith(x => { Console.WriteLine("输出⼦线程⼀的计算结果乘10后的结果值:{0}", t2.Result); });Console.WriteLine("主线程继续做它的事情");Console.ReadKey();}///<summary>///⼦线程⼀///</summary>///<returns></returns>static int ChildThreadOne(){Thread.Sleep(2000);//模拟长时间运算return10;}///<summary>///在⼦线程⼀完成计算后,开启⼀个新的线程对⼦线程⼀的结果进⾏+66操作///</summary>///<param name="childOneResult"></param>///<returns></returns>static int ChildOneContinueOne(int childOneResult){Console.WriteLine("ChildOneContinueOne线程拿到的⼦线程⼀的结果值为{0}", childOneResult);Thread.Sleep(2000);//模拟长时间计算任务return10 + childOneResult;}///<summary>///在⼦线程⼀完成计算后,开启⼀个新的线程对⼦线程⼀的结果进⾏乘66操作///</summary>///<param name="childOneResult"></param>///<returns></returns>static int ChildOneContinueTwo(int childOneResult){Console.WriteLine("ChildOneContinueTwo线程拿到的⼦线程⼀的结果值为{0}", childOneResult);Thread.Sleep(2000);//模拟长时间计算任务return10 * childOneResult;}⽤ContinueWith做了⼀件有趣的事情,⼤致思路是我们在开发过程中会遇到,到我们拿到⼀个线程的返回值后,⽴即开启两个新的线程去做两个⽅向的任务,如下图:这在开发中经常使⽤,整个过程没有任务阻塞线程.暂时没有发现多线程争⽤问题.原理浅析:Task对象实例包含⼀个ContinueWith任务的⼀个集合,所以可以使⽤Task对象多次调⽤ContinueWith⽅法(就像上⾯的代码⼀样),所有的线程都会进⼊线程池的队列中,当Task任务执⾏完毕,线程池回依次调⽤它们.(2)、使⽤ContinueWith中产⽣的特殊情况当⼦线程发⽣异常、取消、或者超时时,这个时候就要告诉线程池如何处理唤起线程,⽽不是⽆视,⼦线程的异常,所以MS给ContinueWith提供了⼀个TaskContinuationOptions枚举,来处理这个问题.下⾯介绍⼏个常⽤的.TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion 主要当前⾯的任务,完美的完成任务,才能执⾏延续任务.class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => ChildThreadOne());task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("⼦线程⼀的延续任务,只有在⼦线程⼀完美的完成的任务的情况下,才会执⾏"), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion); Console.WriteLine("主线程继续执⾏它的操作");Console.ReadKey();//必须加这⾏代码,因为Task时线程池线程,属于后台线程}///<summary>///⼦线程⼀///</summary>static int ChildThreadOne(){Thread.Sleep(2000);//模拟执⾏长时间计算任务Console.WriteLine("⼦线程⼀完成了计算任务,返回值6");return6;}}这⾥,看着,让⼦线程⼀抛出异常,看看延续任务会不会继续执⾏.static void Main(string[] args){Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => ChildThreadOne());task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("⼦线程⼀的延续任务,只有在⼦线程⼀完美的完成的任务的情况下,才会执⾏"), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion); Console.WriteLine("主线程继续执⾏它的操作");Console.ReadKey();//必须加这⾏代码,因为Task时线程池线程,属于后台线程}///<summary>///⼦线程⼀///</summary>static int ChildThreadOne(){Thread.Sleep(2000);//模拟执⾏长时间计算任务Console.WriteLine("⼦线程⼀完成了计算任务,返回值6");throw new Exception("模拟抛出异常");}因为⼦线程⼀抛出了异常,所以延续任务没有执⾏.这⾥取消线程,也不会执⾏延续任务,因为MS为了区分Task的任务完成和任务取消,选择让取消的任务抛出OperationCanceledException异常,所以和抛出简单⼀样,延续任务并不会执⾏.超时同理.TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted 当前⾯的任务抛出未处理的异常是,执⾏延续任务.static void Main(string[] args){CancellationTokenSource source = new CancellationTokenSource();Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => ChildThreadOne(source.Token));task.ContinueWith(t =>{Console.WriteLine("⼦线程⼀的延续任务,只有在⼦线程⼀抛出了未处理的异常,才会执⾏,这⾥尝试处理抛出的异常");//⼀般记⽇志,Logger.Error("");task.Exception.Handle(x =>{Console.WriteLine("最好在这⾥就处理掉异常,以免让外部try canth捕获到,并处理产⽣的性能损失");if (x is OperationCanceledException){Console.WriteLine("⼦线程⼀抛出了取消异常,异常信息为{0}", x.Message);}else {Console.WriteLine("⼦线程⼀抛出了⼀般异常,异常信息为{0}", x.Message);}return true;//返回true,告诉CLR异常已被处理,这样外部try catch就捕获不到了.});}, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted);Console.WriteLine("主线程继续执⾏它的操作");source.Cancel();Console.ReadKey();//必须加这⾏代码,因为Task时线程池线程,属于后台线程}///<summary>///⼦线程⼀///</summary>static int ChildThreadOne(CancellationToken cancellation){Thread.Sleep(2000);//模拟执⾏长时间计算任务Console.WriteLine("⼦线程⼀完成了计算任务,返回值6");cancellation.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();//抛出取消异常return6;}这⾥建议对TaskContinueWith做⼀个封装,让它能处理不同的异常,并且这样异常,能在内部就被全部处理掉,⽽不需要在外部进⾏try catch处理,并且有⼀个友好的异常记录和输出.这⾥我就不做了,有需要的可以联系我.ok,这⾥就介绍TaskContinuationOptions常⽤的两个值,其余的⽤法都差不多,可以看Ms的提供的备注,或者参看MSDN,这⾥就不全介绍了.。

铁路客运英语task 1-4-In the Waiting Room

After a long journey, you must be very tired. Come in, please!
（5）多漂亮的候车室呀！
What a nice waiting-room!/How beautiful the waiting-room is!
点I击II.添U加se标fu题l E文xp字ressions
小卖部，食堂
dining room
食堂
II. Dialogues
Dialogue Four
station square souvenir walk straight forward at the first turning go ahead
n.纪念品，纪念物前进；进行
II. Dialogues
products
土特产
18. station master
站长
19. ticket collector/ticket examiner
检票员
20. passenger clerk
客运员
II. Dialogues
Dialogue One
have a rest take a rest
休息一下
waiting room
around the station? B:没剩下太多时间了，您必须在10分钟之内回来。
There is not too much time left, you must be back in 10 minutes. (8)请记住不要误了火车。 Mind that you don’t miss the train，please. (9)您可以在一号候车室候车，或者您也可以去贵宾候车室。 You can wait for the train in No.1 waiting room, or you can also go to the VIP room.

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writing 2
Directions: Take a look at the table below. It shows the number of road accidents in
370 children who are between 2 and 16 years old were injured on the road accidents in Britain. These accidents occurred when they on the way to school, play or ride in the street and shop for their parents.
This graph shows that the accidents mainly occurred when children play in the street and the number of injured persons is 214. Among these people, 98 are from 2 to 4 years old, which is the largest number of the casualties. Age 5 to 7 years old takes the second place. Compared with the accidents happened at others’ spots, those happened on the way to school caused the less injury which only totally had 25 people hurt. The table indicates that children between 5 and 7 years old are the most injured and the data is 152 wounded.
In conclusion, parents should take good care of their children not only when they have fun on the road but also when they are asked to purchase something for parents.
得分：4.5
评语：
1. 不会进行table的写作，没有很好地完成横纵轴的比较和说明；
2. 对比不明确，取样不清晰
3. 小作文首段的写作以及结构的划分错误
4. 句子和单词使用错误率高。