搅拌摩擦焊焊接工装设计

摘要

搅拌摩擦焊技术是90年代发展起来的、自发明到工业应用时间跨度最短和发展最快的一项新型固相连接新技术，公认为是最有前途和最适合航空材料以及结构件制造的工艺方法之一。由于搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织均匀、接头力学性能优异，生产过程中安全、无飞溅、无烟尘烟气、无辐射，污染小、成本低等技术优势，因而在许多工业领域获得了广泛应用。在航天工业中，搅拌摩擦焊工艺在飞行器铝合金结构制造中的推广应用，在国外已显示出强劲的技术创新活力，给传统制造工艺带来了革命性的改造。

随着人们对搅拌摩擦焊技术认识的提高，预计在不远的将来，铝合金、镁合金、锌合金、钛合金等轻金属材料的连接将主要由搅拌摩擦焊来完成，尤其在运载火箭、高速铝合金列车、铝合金高速快艇、全铝合金汽车等项目中搅拌摩擦焊技术将会占主导地位。

本文设计出的搅拌摩擦焊焊机，总功率约3千瓦，适合于普通厚度的铝及其合金的工艺试验试件的焊接，搅拌摩擦头转速约6000r/min，焊接速度100—600mm/min，最大加工焊缝厚度20mm，焊缝长度600mm。文中介绍了搅拌摩擦焊焊接技术的基本原理和特点，概要地介绍了搅拌摩擦焊的技术优势、研究现状、工业应用和发展前景。针对工艺试验试件搅拌摩擦焊机，主要设计、计算和校核了设备各主要部分，均能够满足试验用焊机的要求。

该设备结构紧凑，简单，操作方便，与市场价格相比，成本很低。

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊；固相焊接；铝合金焊接；应用前景；焊机设计

Abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) was firstly used in the 1990s, which is

swiftest in development and is shortest in time from inventment to applyment, it is also treated as one of the technology of the most pertencial and the most suitable for aviation and struction manufaction. The joints welded by friction stir welding are homogeneous in microstructure and predominant in mechanical capacity. Because of the virtue, such as the security, no splash, no radiation and no pollution during friction stir welding, and so on, so this technique is widely utilized in industry. In aviation industry, aircrafts made by aluminium alloy are usually welded by friction stir welding. Abroad market is explored of FSW in other countries, and also making a reformation in the manufacture of watercraft.

With the further acknowledgement to FSW, the joint of aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy and titanium alloy will be welded by FSW. Especially, the carrier rocket, high velocity aluminium alloy train, high velocity alminium alloy speed boat and aluminium alloy vehicle will be possibly welded by the FSW.

This task is to sign a machine used in laboratory. Its power is about three kilowatt, rotation rate approximately is 6000r/min, and welding speed is from 100 to 600mm/min. It can be apply to welding the aluminium and aluminium alloy. In addition, the welding thickness can’t exceed 20mm and length 600mm. In this paper, the basal principle and features of FSW is introduced, and the priority, prospect and application are also expounded. Importantly, main parts of the FSW machine was designed and calculated, the calculation results shows that the FSW machine designed in the paper can accord with the demand of the testing in laboratory.

The device is simple and compact in structure. Comparing with the marketable price, its cost is very lower.

Key words：Friction stir welding，Solid phase welding，Aluminium alloy welding，