【VIP专享】Toefl Writing Notes21
TOEFL-WRITING-托福写作
• e.g. Where there is a will ,there is a way.
• 有压迫的地方就有反抗。 • Where there is oppression ,there is rebellion. • 有女人的地方就有商机。 • Where there are women ,there are business opportunities. • 有政府的地方就有贪污。 • Where there is a government ,there is corruption.
• Introduction:
•
TOEFL iBT:The Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet Based Test.
•
ETS: Educational Testing Service 美国考试服务中心
• 托福作为语言考试的本质：
• 测试考生对英语的综合应用能力——包括听、说、读、写的独立能力和综合能力 • （每个部分满分30分，总分120分）；
•
increase : n. / decrease
•
定从
•
in the last decade(s)
•
significant / gradual / slight
•
number / amount (修饰不可数n）
• Try :在过去的二十年中，花在食物上的钱逐渐减少了。
• In the last two decades ,there has been a gradual decrease • in the amount of money that is spent on food.
• 2.段落格式使用缩进式或者齐头式
TPO21综合写作听力阅读范文独立写作范文托福写作机经
TPO21综合写作听力阅读范文独立写作范文托福写作机经TPO21综合写作：Reading:Genetic modifications, a process used to change an organism's genes and hence its characteristics, is now being used to improve trees. Through genetic modification, it is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, grow faster, or withstand adverse conditions. Planning genetically modified trees on a large scale promises to bring a number of benefits.First, genetically modified trees are designed to be hardier than natural trees; that is, they are more likely to survive than their unmodified counterparts. In Hawaii, for example, a new pest-resistant species of payapa tree has been developed in response to ringshot virus infections that have repeatedly damaged the native papaya-tree population. Planning the genetically modified papayas has largely put an end to the ringshot problem. Moreover, genetically modified trees promise to bring a number of economic benefits to those who grow then. Genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give greater yields of food, fruit, or other products- and be hardier. This allows tree farmers to get faster and greater returns on their farming investment and save on pesticides as well. [hardy: resistant to cold, 耐寒]Finally, the use of genetically modified trees can prevent overexploitation of wild trees. Because of the growing demand for firewood or building timber, many forests around the world are being cut down faster than they can be replaced. Introducing genetically modified trees designed for fast growth and highyield in given geographic conditions would satisfy the demand for wood in many of those areas and save the endangered native trees, which often include unique or rare species.Lecture:Sure, there are some benefits of planting genetically modified trees, but are these trees really as great as they first sound? When you examine the subject closely, here are some serious problems and costs associated with using genetically modified trees.First, genetically modified trees may be resistant to one particular condition, but that does not necessarily ensure their survival. You see, a typical non-modified tree population is genetically diverse. That means that, for most threatening conditions, for climates, insects and other pests, whatever, there will be at least some individual trees or any given species of trees that are resisted. So even if most of one kind of tree are killed, those few resisted ones will survive and ensure the survival of that species of tree. But genetically modified trees are genetically much more uniformed, so if they are exposed to an environmental challenge they have not been designed for, they will all die. So if the climate changes or a new pest invades the area, the genetically modified trees will likely be completely wiped out.Now as the second point, there are hidden costs associated with growing genetically modified trees. You see, the companies that genetically modified the trees tend to charge farmers much more for each seed than unmodified tree seeds would cost. Also, as you've grown the tree, you cannot collect the seeds and plant a new tree for free. By law, you have to pay the company every time you plant.And finally, genetically modified trees might actually cause even more damage to the local wild trees. You see, genetically modified trees are often grown more aggressively than natural trees do. And genetically modified trees are typically planted among natural trees. As a result, the genetically modified trees out compete the native trees for resources: sunlight, soil, nutrients and water, eventually crowding out the natural trees.Integrated writing sample essay:The professor claims that there are serious problems and costs associated with planting genetically modified trees, challenging the view in the reading passage that planting genetically modified trees on a large scale promises to bring tremendous benefits.First, the passage says that genetic modification is a good way to protect the trees against harsh natural conditions or possible infections because they are designed to be hardier. However, the lecturer claims that genetic modification does not ensure their survival because these trees are genetically more unified. So, if their genes are not designed for a particular condition, such as climate change or invasion of new pests, they might be eradicated altogether.Second, the passage says that genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give more fruits and therefore provide greater financial returns for the growers. However, the lecturer points out that this is not the whole picture, because the seeds of genetically modified trees are more costly and the law requires farmers to pay for the company for every genetically modified tree that is planted.Finally, the passage says that genetic modification is a good solution for the protection of wild trees from overexploitation.But the professor points out that these trees are genetically more aggressive and typically planted among the natural trees. They might out compete the natural trees for natural resources and eventually edge them out.独立写作：For future career success, is the ability to relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school?1P: 咩个人都渴望获得success，但成功需要付出extraordinary efforts，而且还需要an element of luck和一定的社会关系；因为这是一个强调团队合作和cooperation的时代。
ut-austin入学英语要求
ut-austin入学英语要求English Answer:Undergraduate Admissions: English Proficiency Requirements.TOEFL iBT.Minimum score: 100。
Minimum section scores: Reading 22, Listening 22, Speaking 23, Writing 21。
IELTS Academic.Minimum overall score: 7.0。
Minimum section scores: Reading 7.0, Listening 7.0, Speaking 7.0, Writing 6.5。
Pearson Test of English (PTE Academic)。
Minimum overall score: 68。
Minimum section scores: Listening 65, Reading 68, Speaking 65, Writing 65。
Duolingo English Test.Minimum overall score: 120。
Exemptions.Native English speakers (as defined by UT Austin)。
Students who have completed a high school diploma or equivalent in a country where English is the primary language of instruction.Students who have completed at least two years of full-time, post-secondary coursework in a country where English is the primary language of instruction.Additional Notes.The English proficiency requirement applies to all undergraduate applicants whose native language is not English.Applicants who do not meet the minimum English proficiency requirements may be eligible for English language support services through UT Austin's English Language Institute (ELI).The ELI offers a variety of English language courses and programs designed to help students improve their English skills and prepare for academic success at UT Austin.中文回答：本科入学英语要求。
【托福写作备考】TPO21独立写作题目及高分范文——人际关系
【托福写作备考】TPO21独立写作题目及高分范文——人际关系在托福写作练习过程中，相信TPO材料中的作文题目都会是大家的首选练习材料。
但是，对于每个题目仅仅只是练习写还是不够的，有针对性的解析和指导性，才会让TPO材料更有其使用价值。
那么，下面我们就为大家带来TPO写作材料的系列解析内容。
托福独立写作题目及范文：人际关系Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.分类: 独立写作话题: 个人成功托福TPO21独立写作范文：Everyone in the society is seeking for success in career, but what is the key factor of becoming successful? There are two choices – good networking and hardworking. Although someone tend to choose the first aspect, I definitely agree that hardworking at school should be a key factor of success. Without hardworking at school, success in the future cannot be guaranteed.To gain success in our future career, we must have solid knowledge of the field we choose. Under this circumstance, doing hard at school is the best way to quip ourselves with background knowledge. Although sometimes we may find things we have studied at school sort of unpractical, it is basic to handle real problems at work. Take myself as an example; I am now a senior major injournalism. I studied how to interview, how to write summaries and journals andhow to make comments on subjects at school. I worked very hard and in the thirdyear, I got a chance to be an intern in China Economic Daily. During this time,I totally put my knowledge into use and handle the real journalism with only afew problems. If I did not study hard and had no knowledge of journalism, how could I handle this internship?Another thing we can get from our hard work is the way of solving problems.During the time we studied at school, methods of learning and solving problems are also of great importance. These methods can be put into use even when we graduate, since we all have o update our knowledge and solve problems when weare at work. Again take myself as an example, when I did my internship, I had towrite down a lot of details of a certain event in just a few minutes. It was really difficult, but since I had found out a method of writing fast at school,I could put down things on paper really efficiently. This method provided a lotof help.While some one may claim that we cannot ignore the importance of networkingsince a good networking may offer you greater chances to gain success. Anyway, Iadmit that we cannot get rid of a good networking. However, if we are not studying hard and have no abilities to do things well, how can people pay attention on us or even provide us good opportunities? Hardworking is basic.All in all, hardworking should be the key factor of becoming successful. Itprovides foundations of our success in the future.。
新托福TPO21独立作文解析
新托福TPO21独立作文解析上海环球雅思今天，环球雅思的小编为大家带来了新托福TPO21独立作文解析，供大家参考使用。
环球雅思将与您分享更多精彩内容！INDEPENDENT WRITING“For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school”严师分析：这是一个教育题材的经典话题。
要做到有说服力并表达丰富，就得先把思路打开。
具体地说眼前的题目，一个人才，首先要有一定智商，往往表现为学习成绩；更重要的是情商，人际技巧与坚持乐观都是情商的体现；最后还可上升到品德，价值观，人格魅力。
要提醒福神们的是，作文的艺术就在于自圆其说，所以一定要挑自己熟悉的写！可以先用严师的specific这一利器，想想看什么样的职业明显是更需要整合资源与人互动的？企业家吧，销售人员吧，管理人员吧；什么样的职业明显更依赖个人的专业知识与创造力呢？作家，画家，音乐人？严师可能更熟悉前者，你也可以挑自己熟悉的行业，站个队先。
而自圆其说地过程你可以从严师对下面这篇福神范例的修改意见里体会各种要害与机关：）请看下面五段文字：Different jobs have different requirements. Some professions like medical research and art performance demand more technical know-how than social skills, so I disagree with the opinion that the capability to socialize outweighs studying diligently in school.严师对开头的点评：很沉稳的开头，ability to relate well to people被换成capability to socialize;studying hard 被换成studying diligently; more important than 被换成 outweigh; 另外technical know-how也是很好的特色用词。
托福考试的英文作文范文
Notes on the TOEFL examinationThe TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is an essential exam that measures an individual's English proficiency. It is a standard admission requirement for non-native English speakers who wish to enroll in English-speaking universities, colleges, or professional schools. The exam evaluates an individual's proficiency in reading,writing, listening, and speaking in English. Scores rangefrom 0 to 120, and students should aim for a score of atleast 80 for undergraduate admission and at least 90 for graduate admission.The TOEFL examination has four sections: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The reading section includes threeto five reading passages with 12 to 14 questions each. The writing section includes two prompts where students are required to write an essay based on a given topic. Thelistening section comprises of four to six lectures or conversations, and students answer multiple-choice questions based on these. The speaking section consists of six tasks where students have to present their opinions on varioustopics and scenarios.To succeed in the TOEFL examination, students should follow some critical tips and guidelines:1. Use past papers to practice and improve time management.2. Build a strong vocabulary by reading newspapers, magazines, and novels.3. Watch English TV shows, movies, and listen to English podcasts.4. Master the grammar rules by taking a refresher course.5. Seek feedback from others on your English speaking and writing skills.Some other essential factors to consider include preparing for the exam well in advance, avoiding cramming, and developing an efficient test-taking strategy. Students should also get enough rest, exercise, and eat healthy foods before taking the exam.In conclusion, the TOEFL examination is an important measure of an individual's English proficiency and a crucial admission requirement for non-native English speakers. To succeed in the exam, students need to prepare well, practice regularly, build vocabulary, master grammar rules, and adopt an efficient test-taking strategy. By following these tips and guidelines, students can increase their chances of securing the minimum required score for admission.。
【托福写作备考】TPO21综合写作文本与解析
【托福写作备考】TPO21综合写作文本与解析TPO 21阅读材料：Genetic modification, a process used to change an organism’s genes and henceits characteristics, is not being used to improve trees. Through geneticmodification, it is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, growfaster, or withstand adverse conditions. Planting genetically modified trees ona large scale promises to bring a number of benefits.中文翻译：基因改良是通过改变有机体的基因，进而改变其性状的过程。
目前还没有用来改良树木。
通过基因改良，可能创造出具有产量高、生长快、抗逆强特点的树木。
很大程度上，种植基因改良树木可以带来诸多益处。
First, genetically modified trees are designed to be hardier than naturetrees; that it, they are more likely to survive than their unmodifiedcounterparts. In Hawaii, for example, a new pest-resistant species of papayatree has been developed in response to ring-spot virus infections that haverepeatedly damaged the native papaya-tree population. Planting the geneticallymodified papayas has largely put an end to the ring-spot problem.中文翻译：首先，基因改良树木设计得比天然树木更能承受不良环境。
TPO21 综合写作 听力 阅读 范文 独立写作 范文 托福写作机经
TPO21综合写作：Reading:Genetic modifications, a process used to change an organism's genes and hence its characteristics, is now being used to improve trees. Through genetic modification, it is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, grow faster, or withstand adverse conditions. Planning genetically modified trees on a large scale promises to bring a number of benefits.First, genetically modified trees are designed to be hardier than natural trees; that is, they are more likely to survive than their unmodified counterparts. In Hawaii, for example, a new pest-resistant species of payapa tree has been developed in response to ringshot virus infections that have repeatedly damaged the native papaya-tree population. Planning the genetically modified papayas has largely put an end to the ringshot problem. Moreover, genetically modified trees promise to bring a number of economic benefits to those who grow then. Genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give greater yields of food, fruit, or other products- and be hardier. This allows tree farmers to get faster and greater returns on their farming investment and save on pesticides as well. [hardy: resistant to cold, 耐寒]Finally, the use of genetically modified trees can prevent overexploitation of wild trees. Because of the growing demand for firewood or building timber, many forests around the world are being cut down faster than they can be replaced. Introducing genetically modified trees designed for fast growth and high yield in given geographic conditions would satisfy the demand for wood in many of those areas and save the endangered native trees, which often include unique or rare species.Lecture:Sure, there are some benefits of planting genetically modified trees, but are these trees really as great as they first sound? When you examine the subject closely, here are some serious problems and costs associated with using genetically modified trees.First, genetically modified trees may be resistant to one particular condition, but that does not necessarily ensure their survival. You see, a typical non-modified tree population is genetically diverse. That means that, for most threatening conditions, for climates, insects and other pests, whatever, there will be at least some individual trees or any given species of trees that are resisted. So even if most of one kind of tree are killed, those few resisted ones will survive and ensure the survival of that species of tree. But genetically modified trees are genetically much more uniformed, so if they are exposed to an environmental challenge they have not been designed for, they will all die. So if the climate changes or a new pest invades the area, the genetically modified trees will likely be completely wiped out.Now as the second point, there are hidden costs associated with growing genetically modified trees. You see, the companies that genetically modified the trees tend to charge farmers much more for each seed than unmodified tree seeds would cost. Also, as you've grown the tree, you cannot collect the seeds and plant a new tree for free. By law, you have to pay the company every time you plant.And finally, genetically modified trees might actually cause even more damage to the local wild trees. You see, genetically modified trees are often grown more aggressively than natural trees do. And genetically modified trees are typically planted among natural trees. As a result, the genetically modified trees out compete the native trees for resources: sunlight, soil, nutrients and water, eventually crowding out the natural trees.Integrated writing sample essay:The professor claims that there are serious problems and costs associated with planting genetically modified trees, challenging the view in the reading passage that planting genetically modified trees on a large scale promises to bring tremendous benefits.First, the passage says that genetic modification is a good way to protect the trees against harsh natural conditions or possible infections because they are designed to be hardier. However, the lecturer claims that genetic modification does not ensure their survival because these trees are genetically more unified. So, if their genes are not designed for a particular condition, such as climate change or invasion of new pests, they might be eradicated altogether.Second, the passage says that genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give more fruits and therefore provide greater financial returns for the growers. However, the lecturer points out that this is not the whole picture, because the seeds of genetically modified trees are more costly and the law requires farmers to pay for the company for every genetically modified tree that is planted.Finally, the passage says that genetic modification is a good solution for the protection of wild trees from overexploitation. But the professor points out that these trees are genetically more aggressive and typically planted among the natural trees. They might out compete the natural trees for natural resources and eventually edge them out.独立写作：For future career success, is the ability to relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school?1P: 咩个人都渴望获得success，但成功需要付出extraordinary efforts，而且还需要an element of luck和一定的社会关系；因为这是一个强调团队合作和cooperation的时代。
托福备考21天攻略
托福备考21天攻略关于托福备考21天攻略以下是本人21天一战新托福，考试113分的详细备考规划和经验，也可以说是攻略吧，并不适用每个人，不过也拿出来分享一下。
总分：113 Reading 30 Listening 27 Speaking 26 Writing 30先来说一下我的整个新托福考试准备过程吧:说实话，我感觉托福的备考很大程度决定于你本身的英语水平。
如果英语水平或英语功底够扎实，则复习时间还是很短的，而且效果也比较好。
如果英语水平不是很好，复习时间会相应长一些，也会收到同样的'效果。
平时英语能力的提高非常重要，这里的那些个方法就不提了，最重要的是持之以恒，要喜欢，而不是当作一项任务)现在来说一下21天怎样帮助你快速把能力转变成分数。
新托福考试复习资料：OG , TPO , DELTA, BARRON 等大概考试一年以前上过新东方托福班，备考过程则完全自主。
1-7天这应该是比较难熬的一段时间，你会发现自己对题目没有感觉。
这一段时间最重要的就是要进入备考状态，仔细研读OG的例题和评分标准，对考试的题型要熟悉，一些模版可以有意识地使用。
这7天内，一定要开始过单词，这些单词我以前背过，所以我只是在回炉，用的是21天词汇和老俞的书。
我在这一个时期尝试做了一下BARRON和DELTA，主要是熟悉机考环境和页面。
BARRON偏难，难的也不是方向，DELTA偏简单，和真题也有一段差距。
所以，建议在这7天内把这两项作为补充练习。
7-14天这一段时期应当实现质的变化。
词汇此时应当已经过了大部分了，我花了10天过了两本词书。
这一段时间内，复习资料主要集中在几套TPO 上。
做TPO时，要全神贯注，做完后要进行错题归类和总结。
做TPO时可以稍微超时，没有关系。
在这7天，我研读了口语、写作评分标准、模版和若干篇范文，同时对于一些类似185道题库做了细致分析，写出了每一道题的思路。
这个非常重要，可以帮助你快速破题、成文，这也是为什么我上考场后对写作很有信心的原因。
托福听力试题
托福听力试题PRACTICE TOEFL iBT LISTENING SECTIONThis section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English.You should listen to each conversation and lecture only one time.After each conversation or lecture, you will answer some questions about it. The questions typically ask about the main idea and supporting details. Some questions ask about a speaker's purpose or attitude. Answer the questions based on what is stated or implied by the speakers.You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.In some questions, you will see this icon: PLAY-Audio This means that you will hear, but not see, part of the question.Most questions are worth 1 point. If a question is worth more than 1 point, it will have special directions that indicate how many pointsyou can receive.You will have 55 Minutes to listen to the Conversations and Lectures and to answer the questions. You should answer each question, even if you must guess the answer.Listen to Track 11 on the CD. PLAY-Audio Questions Directions: Mark your answer by filling in the oval next to your choice.1.Why does the student go to see the professor?o To prepare for her graduate school interview o To get ad vice about her graduate school applicationo To give the professor her graduate schoolapplicationo To find out if she was accepted into graduate school 2.According to the professor, what informationshould the student include in her statement ofpurpose?Choose 2 answers.□H er academic motivation□H er background in medicine□S ome personal information□T he ways her teachers have influenced her3.What does the professor consider unusual about the student’s back gr ound?o Her work experienceo Her creat ive writing experienceo Her athletic achievementso Her music training4.Why does the professor tell a story about his friend who went to medical school?o To warn the student about how difficult graduate school can beo To illustrate a point he is makin go To help the student relaxo To change the subject5.What does the professor imply about the people who admit students to graduate school? o They often lack expertise in the fields of the applicants.o They do not usually read the statement of purpose.o They are influenced by the appearance of an application o They remember most of the applications they receive.Listen to Track 12 on the CD. PLAY-Audio Questions 6.What are the students mainly discussing? o Drugs that are harmful to the human body o B acteria that produce antibioticso DNA that is related to athletic performanceo Genes that protect bacteria from antibiotics7.Listen again to part of the conversation by playing track 13Then answer the question.o To find out if the man has done his as signment o To ask the man to find out if the library is openo To let the man know that she cannot study much longer o To ask if the man has ever met her roommate 8. According to the conversation, why are transposes sometimes call ed “jumping genes”? o They are able to move from one bacteria cell to another.o They are found in people with exceptional jumping ability.o They occur in every other generation of bacteria.o Their movements are rapid and unpredictable.9. According to the conversation, what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes?Choose 2 answers.□The resistance genes are carried from nearby cells. □The resistance genes are carried by white blood cells. □The resistance genes are inherited from the parent cell□The resistan ce genes are carried byantibiotics.10.What can be inferred about the resistance genes discussed in the conversation?o They are found in all bacteria cells.o They are not able to resist antibiotics.o They make the treatment of bacterial diseases more difficulto They are essential to the body,s defenses against bacteria.Listen to Track 14 on the PHAY-AudioQuestions11.What is the talk mainly about?o A common method of managing water supplieso The formation of underground water systems o Natu ral processes that renew water supplies o Maintaining the purity of underground water systems12.What is the professor’s point of view concerning the method of “safe yield”?o It has helped to preserve the environment.o It should be researched in states other than Arizona o It is not an effective resource policy.o It ignores the different ways people use water.13.According to the professor, what are two problemsassociated with removing water from anunderground system?Choose 2 answers.□P ollutants c an enter the water more quickly.□T he surface area can dry and crack.□The amount of water stored in the system can drop□D ependent streams and springs can dry up.14.Listen again to part of the lecture by playing track 15 PLAY-AudioThen answer the question.o To find out whether the students are familiar with the issueo To introduce a new problem for discussiono To respond to a student’s questiono To encourage the students to care about the topic 15.What is a key feature of a sustainable water system?o It is able to satisfy short-term and long-term needs.o It is not affected by changing environmental conditionso It usually originates in lakes, springs, or streams. o It is not used to su pply human needs・16.What does the professor imply about water systems managed by the “safe yield” method?o They recharge at a rapid rate.o They are not sustainable.o They must have large storage areaso They provide a poor quality of waterListen to Track 16 on the PHAY-AudioQuestions17.Why does the professor talk about Plato's description of society?o To explain why societies face certain problems o To point out problems with Plato’s ethicaltheoryo To introduce students to the political structure of ancient Greeceo To help explain Plato's view ab out the nature of the human soul18.Listen again to part of the lecture by playing track 17. PLAY-AudioThen answer the question.o It may be familiar to some of the students.o It will be discussed in more detail in a later class o It is not an interesti ng theory.o It is not a very complicated theory.19.Listen again to part of the lecture by playing track 18. PLAY-AudioThen answer the question.o To find out if students have understood what shejust saido To suggest an answer to a question that she justaskedo To express disagreement with a point made by Platoo To explain why harmony is difficult for a society to achieve20.What are two points that reflect Plato's views about education?Choose 2 answers.□A ll people can be trained to become leader s.□A ll people should learn to use their intellect.□Leaders should be responsible for the education of workers and soldiers□All people should learn about the nature of the human soul.21.Based on information in the lecture, indicatewhether the statements below about human emotion reflect beliefs held by Plato.For each sentence, put a checkmark in the YES or NO column.22.According to Plato, what is the main characteristic of a good or just person? o The parts of the person's soul exist in harmony.o The person does not try to control other people.o The person’s relationshi ps with other people are harmonious.o The person does not act in an emotional manner.Listen to track 19 on the CD. PLAY-Audio Questions 23.What is the main topic of the lecture?o The size of root systemso Various types of root systemso The nutrients required by rye plants o Improving two types of plant species 24. According to the professor, why did one scientist grow a rye plant in water?o To expose the roots to sunlighto To be able to fertilize it with gaso To be able to see its entire root syst em o To see how minerals penetrate its roots 25. Listen again to part of the lecture by playing track 20. PLAY-Audio Then answer the question.o She wanted to correct the wording of a previous statement.o She wishes she did not have to bubble gas throughit.o She realized the odor of gas could be unpleasant.o She forgot to tell the students about a step in the experiment26.The professor mentions houseplants that receivetoo much water. Why does she mention them?o To show that many different types of p lants can grow in watero To explain why plants grown in water should have a gas bubbled through themo To remind the students of the importance of their next experimento To make a point about the length of houseplants'roots27.Listen again to part of the lecture by playing track 21. PLAY-AudioThen answer the question.o Why a mistake made in textbooks was never corrected o Why she does not believe that the roots of ryeplants extend to 1,000 kmo How the roots of rye plants develop to such a great lengtho How plants grown in water make use of fertilizer 28.According to the professor, what similarity is there between crabgrass and rye plants?o Both start growing in the month of May.o Both have root systems that require a lot of watero Both have more shoot surface than root surface.o Both produce many shoots from a single seed.Listen to track 22 on the CD. PLAY-Audio Questions 29.What is the lecture mainly about?o Technological innovations in the automobile industry o The organizational structure of companieso Ways to improve efficiency in an engineering departmento Methods of resolving conflicts in organizations 30. Why does the professor talk about a construction company that has work in different cities?o To give an example of functional org anization o To give an example of organization around projectso To illustrate problems with functional organization o To illustrate the types of conflict that can arise in companies31.Listen again to part of the lecture by playing track 23. PLAY-AudioThen answer the question.o He does not understand why the student is talking about engineers.o He wants to know how the engineers will communicate with their coworkerso The student has not provided a complete answer tohis question.o He wants the studen t to do more research on the topic.32.What is an example of a violation of the “unity of command” principle?o More than one person supervises the same employee.o A company decides not to standardize its products. o Several project managers are responsi ble for designing a new producto An employee does not follow a supervisor's instructions.33.According to the professor, where might there bea conflict in an organizationalstructure based on both projects and function? o Between architects and finance expertso Between the need to specialize and the need to standardizeo Between two engineers who work on the same project o Between the needs of projects in different cities34. Indicate whether each sentence below describesfunctional organization or project organization. Place a checkmark in the correct box.It encourages people with similar expertise to work closely together.FunctionalOrganizationProject Organization。
托福英语口语与写作能力测试 选择题 60题
1. What is the main purpose of the TOEFL test?A. To test mathematical skillsB. To evaluate English proficiencyC. To assess physical fitnessD. To measure artistic abilities2. Which of the following is NOT a component of the TOEFL iBT?A. ReadingB. WritingC. SpeakingD. Calculus3. How many minutes are typically allotted for the TOEFL speaking secti on?A. 15 minutesB. 20 minutesC. 30 minutesD. 60 minutes4. Which of the following is a common topic for TOEFL writing tasks?A. The benefits of space explorationB. The history of computer programmingC. The impact of climate changeD. All of the above5. What is the recommended word count for the integrated writing task i n TOEFL?A. 150-225 wordsB. 250-300 wordsC. 300-350 wordsD. 350-400 words6. Which of the following is a strategy for improving TOEFL speaking sk ills?A. Memorizing mathematical formulasB. Practicing pronunciation with native speakersC. Studying historical eventsD. Learning advanced physics7. What is the scoring range for the TOEFL iBT?A. 0-100B. 0-120C. 0-200D. 0-3008. Which of the following is NOT a speaking task type in the TOEFL iBT?A. Independent taskB. Integrated taskC. Descriptive taskD. Opinion task9. What is the typical length of a TOEFL writing essay?A. 1 paragraphB. 2-3 paragraphsC. 4-5 paragraphsD. 6-7 paragraphs10. Which of the following is a recommended resource for TOEFL preparat ion?A. Khan AcademyB. CourseraC. TOEFL official guideD. All of the above11. What is the main focus of the integrated writing task in TOEFL?A. Summarizing a lectureB. Comparing a lecture and a readingC. Writing a research paperD. Creating a debate12. Which of the following is a characteristic of effective TOEFL speak ing responses?A. Using complex vocabularyB. Speaking rapidlyC. Providing clear examplesD. Ignoring the question13. What is the time limit for the independent writing task in TOEFL?A. 20 minutesB. 30 minutesC. 40 minutesD. 60 minutes14. Which of the following is a tip for managing time during the TOEFL test?A. Spend more time on easier questionsB. Skip difficult questionsC. Allocate time evenly across sectionsD. Rush through the test15. What is the purpose of the reading section in TOEFL?A. To test mathematical reasoningB. To evaluate English reading comprehensionC. To assess physical enduranceD. To measure artistic creativity16. Which of the following is a common mistake in TOEFL writing?A. Using too many examplesB. Not providing a clear thesis statementC. Writing too longD. All of the above17. What is the recommended preparation time for the TOEFL test?A. 1 monthB. 3 monthsC. 6 monthsD. 1 year18. Which of the following is a strategy for improving TOEFL reading sk ills?A. Reading academic articlesB. Watching moviesC. Playing video gamesD. Listening to music19. What is the main difference between the independent and integrated speaking tasks in TOEFL?A. Length of responseB. Source of informationC. Scoring criteriaD. Time allotted20. Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-scoring TOEFL essay?A. Poor grammarB. Lack of organizationC. Clear and coherent argumentsD. Off-topic content21. What is the purpose of the listening section in TOEFL?A. To test mathematical skillsB. To evaluate English listening comprehensionC. To assess physical fitnessD. To measure artistic abilities22. Which of the following is a recommended practice for TOEFL listenin g?A. Skipping the audioB. Taking notesC. Ignoring the questionsD. Rushing through the audio23. What is the typical format of the TOEFL speaking section?A. Multiple-choice questionsB. Short responses and integrated tasksC. Long essaysD. Calculations24. Which of the following is a common topic for TOEFL speaking tasks?A. Personal experiencesB. Historical eventsC. Scientific theoriesD. All of the above25. What is the main focus of the independent writing task in TOEFL?A. Summarizing a lectureB. Comparing a lecture and a readingC. Expressing personal opinionD. Creating a debate26. Which of the following is a characteristic of effective TOEFL writi ng responses?A. Using simple vocabularyB. Providing clear examplesC. Ignoring the promptD. Writing randomly27. What is the time limit for the integrated writing task in TOEFL?A. 20 minutesB. 30 minutesC. 40 minutesD. 60 minutes28. Which of the following is a tip for managing time during the TOEFL speaking section?A. Speak rapidlyB. Take your time to organize thoughtsC. Ignore the timerD. Skip questions29. What is the purpose of the speaking section in TOEFL?A. To test mathematical reasoningB. To evaluate English speaking proficiencyC. To assess physical enduranceD. To measure artistic creativity30. Which of the following is a common mistake in TOEFL speaking?A. Using too many examplesB. Not providing a clear thesis statementC. Speaking too longD. All of the above31. What is the recommended preparation time for the TOEFL speaking sec tion?A. 1 monthB. 3 monthsC. 6 monthsD. 1 year32. Which of the following is a strategy for improving TOEFL speaking s kills?A. Reading academic articlesB. Watching moviesC. Practicing pronunciationD. Listening to music33. What is the main difference between the independent and integrated writing tasks in TOEFL?A. Length of responseB. Source of informationC. Scoring criteriaD. Time allotted34. Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-scoring TOEFL speaking response?A. Poor grammarB. Lack of organizationC. Clear and coherent argumentsD. Off-topic content35. What is the purpose of the writing section in TOEFL?A. To test mathematical skillsB. To evaluate English writing proficiencyC. To assess physical fitnessD. To measure artistic abilities36. Which of the following is a recommended practice for TOEFL writing?A. Skipping the promptB. Taking notesC. Ignoring the questionsD. Rushing through the essay37. What is the typical format of the TOEFL writing section?A. Multiple-choice questionsB. Short responses and integrated tasksC. Long essaysD. Calculations38. Which of the following is a common topic for TOEFL writing tasks?A. Personal experiencesB. Historical eventsC. Scientific theoriesD. All of the above39. What is the main focus of the integrated speaking task in TOEFL?A. Summarizing a lectureB. Comparing a lecture and a readingC. Expressing personal opinionD. Creating a debate40. Which of the following is a characteristic of effective TOEFL speak ing responses?A. Using simple vocabularyB. Providing clear examplesC. Ignoring the promptD. Speaking randomly41. What is the time limit for the independent speaking task in TOEFL?A. 20 minutesB. 30 minutesC. 40 minutesD. 60 minutes42. Which of the following is a tip for managing time during the TOEFL writing section?A. Write rapidlyB. Take your time to organize thoughtsC. Ignore the timerD. Skip questions43. What is the purpose of the writing section in TOEFL?A. To test mathematical reasoningB. To evaluate English writing proficiencyC. To assess physical enduranceD. To measure artistic creativity44. Which of the following is a common mistake in TOEFL writing?A. Using too many examplesB. Not providing a clear thesis statementC. Writing too longD. All of the above45. What is the recommended preparation time for the TOEFL writing sect ion?A. 1 monthB. 3 monthsC. 6 monthsD. 1 year46. Which of the following is a strategy for improving TOEFL writing sk ills?A. Reading academic articlesB. Watching moviesC. Practicing grammarD. Listening to music47. What is the main difference between the independent and integrated speaking tasks in TOEFL?A. Length of responseB. Source of informationC. Scoring criteriaD. Time allotted48. Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-scoring TOEFL writing response?A. Poor grammarB. Lack of organizationC. Clear and coherent argumentsD. Off-topic content49. What is the purpose of the speaking section in TOEFL?A. To test mathematical skillsB. To evaluate English speaking proficiencyC. To assess physical fitnessD. To measure artistic abilities50. Which of the following is a recommended practice for TOEFL speaking?A. Skipping the promptB. Taking notesC. Ignoring the questionsD. Rushing through the response51. What is the typical format of the TOEFL speaking section?A. Multiple-choice questionsB. Short responses and integrated tasksC. Long essaysD. Calculations52. Which of the following is a common topic for TOEFL speaking tasks?A. Personal experiencesB. Historical eventsC. Scientific theoriesD. All of the above53. What is the main focus of the independent speaking task in TOEFL?A. Summarizing a lectureB. Comparing a lecture and a readingC. Expressing personal opinionD. Creating a debate54. Which of the following is a characteristic of effective TOEFL speak ing responses?A. Using simple vocabularyB. Providing clear examplesC. Ignoring the promptD. Speaking randomly55. What is the time limit for the integrated speaking task in TOEFL?A. 20 minutesB. 30 minutesC. 40 minutesD. 60 minutes56. Which of the following is a tip for managing time during the TOEFL speaking section?A. Speak rapidlyB. Take your time to organize thoughtsC. Ignore the timerD. Skip questions57. What is the purpose of the speaking section in TOEFL?A. To test mathematical reasoningB. To evaluate English speaking proficiencyC. To assess physical enduranceD. To measure artistic creativity58. Which of the following is a common mistake in TOEFL speaking?A. Using too many examplesB. Not providing a clear thesis statementC. Speaking too longD. All of the above59. What is the recommended preparation time for the TOEFL speaking sec tion?A. 1 monthB. 3 monthsC. 6 monthsD. 1 year60. Which of the following is a strategy for improving TOEFL speaking s kills?A. Reading academic articlesB. Watching moviesC. Practicing pronunciationD. Listening to music答案部分1. B2. D3. B4. D6. B7. B8. C9. C10. D11. B12. C13. B14. C15. B16. B17. B18. A19. B20. C21. B22. B23. B24. D25. C26. B27. A28. B29. B30. D31. B32. C33. B34. C35. B36. B37. C38. D39. B40. B41. B42. B43. B44. D45. B46. C47. B48. C49. B50. B51. B52. D53. C54. B56. B57. B58. D59. B60. C。
TOEFL Writing instructions
Integrated WritingWhen reading the passage, remember to search for 5 points before the 3 minutes are up1) What is the discussion topic2) What is the writer’s opinion on the topic3) What is the writer’s first argument point?4) What is the writer’s second argument point?5) What is the writer’s third argument point?From the listening passage, you would be able to know whether the speaker agrees or disagrees with the writer after a few sentences. If the speaker agrees/disagrees, you would need to listen to what is the supporting / counter points. When you listen to the support/counter points, do not just listen out for “What”, also listen out for “Why”The format for writing for disagreeing should be:Both the reading and listening passage discusses about the (TOPIC). The writer from the reading passage believes that (WRITER’S OPINIONS) and supports it by saying/providing (WRITER’S 3 REASONS-BRIEFLY[optional] but the speaker from the listening passage disagrees by rebuking the points given.Firstly, the writer suggests (FIRST REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE). However, the speaker says that (FIRST REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE)Next, the writer states (SECOND FIRST REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE). Conversely, the speaker mentions that (SECOND REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE)Lastly, the writer points out (THIRD REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE). In contrast, the speaker asserts that (THIRD REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE)Maintains/thinks/indicates/claims………………The format for writing for agreeing should be:Both the reading and listening passage discusses about the (TOPIC). The writer from the reading passage believes that (WRITER’S OPINIONS) and supports it by saying/giving (WRITER’S 3 REASONS-BRIEFLY) and the speaker from the listening passage agrees by providing supporting evidences.Firstly, the writer suggests (FIRST REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE). To add on, the speaker says that (FIRST REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE)Next, the writer states (SECOND FIRST REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE). Similarly, the speaker mentions that (SECOND REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE)Lastly, the writer points out (THIRD REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE). Furthermore, the speaker asserts that (THIRD REASON FOLLOWED BY EVIDENCE)Independent WritingFormat:Introduction1) What do you understand from the question? (1-2)Provide your understanding with one/two of the following methods- Background- Paraphrase- Quotation- Definition- Metaphor/Analogy2) What is your answer to the question? (1)Provide your answer in the clearest/simplest/most direct possible manner.3) What are the reasons for your choice? (1-2)Provide two reasons BRIEFLYBody (Paragraph 2 & 3)4) Can you repeat your first reason in detail? (1-2)5) Can you explain your first reason? (1-2)6) Can you provide an example to support your first reason? (3-4)7) Can you explain your first example? (1-2)8) Can you repeat your answer in a paraphrase manner? (1-2)9) Can you repeat your second reason in detail? (1-2)10) Can you explain your second reason? (1-2)11) Can you provide an example to support your second reason? (3-4)12) Can you explain your second example? (1-2)13) Can you repeat your answer in a paraphrase manner? (1-2)Conclusion14) Can you repeat your answer and two reasons in a paraphrasing manner? (2-3)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Remember to ensure you write at least 450 words.Do not type and delete over and over again, type out whatever that is in your head beforecorrecting all your grammar and spelling mistakes at the same time for each paragraph.Last but not least, PLAN! If you fail to plan, you plan to fail!SPEAKINGQn 1 (15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to speak)- Try not to write notes because you would not have the time to write, think and prepare!- Always start off your answer by repeating the question and end off by saying “for the following reasons.”- Always look at the time!- Group your format into 5 sec, 20sec, 20 sec.first 5 sec – provide an answernext 20 sec – provide a reason and elaboratelast 20 sec – provide a second reason or an example to support your first reasonQn 2 (15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to speak)- Write notes based on personal preference but it should be really short.- Always start off your answer by repeating the question and end off by saying “for the following reasons.”- Always look at the time!- Group your format into 5 sec, 20sec, 20 sec.first 5 sec – provide an answernext 20 sec – provide a reason and elaboratelast 20 sec – provide a second reason or an example to support your first reason - if it is a preference question, you can give one example to say why the side you have chosen is good and another example to show why the side you have not chosen is bad.Qn 3 (30 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to speak)- You HAVE to write notes!- NO personal opinions!!! You are only REPORTING!- Always look at the time!- From the reading passage, please find out if the article is an announcement, letter or notice, Know what are the two reasons behind the announcement, letter or notice.- From the listening passage, please find out if one of the speakers agrees or disagrees with the announcement, letter or notice, and the two reasons behind agreeing/disagreeing.- Group your format into 10 sec, 10sec, 10 sec, 5 sec, 10 sec, 10 secfirst 10 sec – tell us what is the article and what it talks aboutnext 10 sec – tell us the first reason given in the articlenext 10 sec – tell us the second reason given in the articlenext 5 sec – tell us whether the speaker in the conversation agrees/disagreesnext 10 sec – tell us the first reason given by the speakernext 10 sec – tell us the second reason given by the speakerThe remaining 5 seconds is for you to control because you might overshot some of the recommended timeQn 4 (30 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to speak)- You HAVE to write notes!- NO personal opinion!!! You are only REPORTING!- From the reading passage, note down the title and the definition, do remember the definition is usually found in one of the sentence that contains the title.- Group your format into 10 sec and two sets of 25secfirst 10 sec – tell us what is the title and the definitionfor the remaining 50 seconds, group into two groups of 25 sec based on your notes, always remember to look at the time. If you do not really understand the listening passage, do not GIVE UP, just repeat by saying a story based on notes you have written.Qn 5 (20 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to speak)- You HAVE to write notes!- Half personal, half REPORTING!From the listening passage, determine the problem one of the speaker is having and the two possible solutions he/she have. Remember to also note that with each solution, there is a drawback.- Group your format into 10 sec, 10 sec, 10 sec and two sets of 15secfirst 10 sec – tell us the problemnext 10 sec – tell us the first solution with the drawbacknext 10 sec – tell us the second solution with the drawbackIn your remaining 30 sec, group into two groups of 15 seconds, in one of the set, eradicate the disadvantage of the solution you have chosen and in the next set, make the disadvantage of the solution you did not choose to be even worse.Take note, if you spend more than 30 sec on summarizing the listening passage, then just focus on why you have pick the chosen solution by eradicating the disadvantage.Qn 6 (20 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to speak)- You HAVE to write notes!- No personal opinions, only REPORTING!- Just take notes!!!!!!- Group your format into 3 sets of 20 sec or 2 sets of 30 secalways remember to look at the time. If you do not really understand the listening passage, donot GIVE UP, just repeat a story based on notes you have written.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Overall, remember to speak, do not keep quiet, control your hand movements, speak loudly and confidently, open up your mouth The best way to practice your speaking is to speak into a mirror!。
托福super21独立写作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to take a secure job with a low pay than to take a job with a high pay but is easy to lose.(101031CN=090925NA)Today, many people eagerly seek a high-paying yet insecure job in order to confront the great financial pressures surrounding us, such as soaring living costs. In contrast, others, who are inclined to lead lives of less abundance, prefer jobs with low pay that are more secure. As far as I am concerned, the sort of job an individual seeks should depend on his or her age.The young, who need to prepare for their future lives, can afford to take a stab at jobs with high pay that are high-risk. Young people, full of vigor yet without the burdens of family, are well suited to risky jobs. For example, one of my friends works for a big fund company, earning a high salary in a situation where the competition is fairly severe. Although he works long hours, the rewards he obtains from this job satisfy his demand for a house in the city as well as his need to prepare for a wedding and to support his future family. More importantly, he feels a sense of achievement by succeeding in the face of fierce competition. In this way, the job meets his needs both materially and psychologically.Although a high-salary job might fulfill a person’s desire for a decent lifestyle, such a job is not suitable for middle-aged people who cannotexpend the energy involved in the work and who cannot risk losing their jobs. For example, unemployed people in their 40s and 50s cannot easily find a new job to make a living, as these people, unlike the young, cannot readily gain new skills in a short time, which leads to companies’ reluctance to hire them. When people in this age group who earn high salaries lose their jobs, most of them run into a dilemma, as they are incapable of affording the high cost of raising children. Thus,middle-aged people are not advised to have low-security jobs.In summary, an apparently insecure job with high pay does not meet everyone’s n eeds, and neither does a low-pay, secure job. Only when we become aware of our requirements can we make a wise decision.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teaching is harder than it was in the past.I agree that teaching is harder now than it was in the past. There are multiple viewpoints and cultures that have to be considered, it’s harder to keep the attention of contemporary students, and some schools do not have enough money to properly teach certain things.Topics that were discussed in school used to be more straightforward. Whoever was doing the teaching would take the point of view of their own culture (and the culture of his or her students). For instance,American schools used to teach that the explorers who discovered America, like Christopher Columbus, were brave and admirable. American schoolchildren were made to feel simply good about themselves and their country’s history. That must have been easy to teach! But these days, we are so much more sensitive to the stories of other cultures. Teachers have to consider the feelings of the native people that the explorers mistreated and killed, to begin with. With any historical lesson, it is now normal for teachers to sympathize with the oppressed, the women, and the people that for centuries had no voice. And the beliefs of other cultures and countries are explored just as much as the customs of one’s own country. This is a good thing, certainly! But it is more complicated and takes a lot more time to teach.It is also harder to keep the attention of students these days, with so much technology everywhere. In class, they can sneak peeks at their cell phones and text their friends. If they are college students in a lecture hall where laptops are allowed, they might be playing games on their computer rather than taking notes. Students doing their homework on their computer can find the internet to be a distraction.But technology can also be a problem if there isn’t enough of it. The world has come so far in the world of science that a school can greatly suffer if it doesn’t have the proper equipment. What if a biology classcan’t afford microscopes? What if a video editing class can’t afford the latest editing programs? It can be difficult to keep up and that must make teaching harder.Teaching is more difficult today than it was in the past because things are more complicated. Many different viewpoints must be taught, technology can distract students, and yet a lack of proper technology in the classroom can disadvantage students.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Today people cannot buy products based on information in their advertisements because advertisements are less honest than before.I disagree with this. Although the main goal of advertisements is still to get you to buy their product, I actually think advertisements are more honest than they used to be. They are less sentimental and more blunt, they are more creative, and advertisements for important items like medicine are legally required to tell viewers the facts. Advertisements used to be quite sentimental and corny. They would show a perfect, smiling family gathered around the breakfast table and acting as if bacon was the most wonderful thing in the world. Or an advertisement would show a beautiful housewife desperate to please her handsomehusband by getting his shirts clean. They were just so obviously fake and exaggerated. But these days, advertisements are more blunt andto-the-point. They’ll tell you to buy a certain brand of bacon because it’s c rispy and delicious. They’ll tell you to buy a particular laundry soap because your clothes will look nice. They aren’t promising perfection in your life, just for the products to be pleasant to use. That sounds honest enough.The advertisements of today are also more creative. They show not just one scenario for using a product, but several. A woman could wear her new high heels at work, at a party, out on the town, in class, on vacation, and so on. Once again, none of these claims are outrageous. The ads aren’t saying that women will be overcome with intense joy by their shoes. They’re just mentioning realistic situations that many different women can connect with.The products that one most wants to have honest advertisements are medicines. And I’d say th at they do! In the distant past, there used to be advertisements for tonics and syrups that supposedly could cure tons of different ailments. But they didn’t go into scientific detail in the ads and usually the medicines didn’t actually work. However, in t his day and age, medicine advertisements legally have to tell you of both the benefits and the risks of their products. Unfortunately, sometimes the list of risks goeson for a large portion of the commercial! But at least viewers know that they are gettin g the truth, even if it’s not all good news.That’s why I think advertisements are more honest today than they were in the past. They are more down-to-earth, they are creative with their scenarios, and medicine ads legally have to tell you the facts about their product.Should the government support artists or should artists support themselves?The government should support artists who contribute their skills and talents to improve their community. In my view, art is a necessity for a better quality of life. So, if the government supports artists whose works promote a better quality of life, then our environments will be more beautiful, people will be happier, and we don’t have to worry about “starving artists”.First of all, let’s take a look at our env ironments. If we look outside, we can see so much beauty that accompanies nature. Skilled artists have built sculptures, painted pictures, and drawings that signify the advancements of civilization, and tell a rich story of a culture’s history. These artif acts will become an invaluable part of the history that will be passed down togenerations later. Thus, the beauty that is built today will be honored tomorrow. It’s not just the beauty; it’s how we feel when we look at beauty. The good thing about art is that beauty is in the eye of the beholder.Second, people seem to be generally happier when they are able to visualize the things in their environment. Having something pretty to look at generally aids in improving the overall happiness level. For example, if someone is depressed, being able to see a lovely painting or drawing will instantly give them a better feeling, and sometimes a sense of hope. The government should be able to support artists who work to make their environment more comfortable and creative.Third, an even more important reason for the government to support artists is because we have too many “starving artists” who are extremely talented, but who can’t find regular day jobs like other professions. Therefore, their income is often very sp oradic, and unpredictable, so it’s really difficult to budget and make a decent living. The word “starving artists” evokes images of artists who are “dying.” However, what’s really happening is that “art itself” is slowly dying. Therefore, governments can save art and the artists with support that stimulates the environment and the economy.Finally, imagine a world without art. That would be a world with no beauty, and no happiness. That would be a world starving for art. Therefore, to keep our environments beautiful, whether inside or outside, on the floor, wall, or ceiling, it’s imperative that government provide some much needed support for artists who often labor long for little pay. To enable artists to share their gifts and talents and to contribute to the betterment of the community, government support of artists should ensure that we never have to live in a dull, colorless, and shapeless world.。
托福11月21日写作机经——环球教育
♍♎1关于机经，浅尝辄止，非正道也！你的文笔和流畅度，都不会因为仅知道这个话题而改变。
2 机经仅解决破题问题，看过不准备，中了也没用——准备好答案，背熟，实属正道也!3最后，奉劝各位托福小主，不要把机经当投机，否则，too young too simple,sometimes naive. ♌♋温馨提示刘文娟目录独立写作 (2)综合写作 (60)独立写作1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology designed to makeour life simpler actually makes our life more complicated.Score 5:It cannot be denied that technology enables people to live a better and more convenient life today. People have been enjoying high-tech products such as smart phones, car navigation system, and laptops, to name a few. However, it does not mean that those high-tech tools make our life easier now than in the past. In fact, technology makes our life far more complicated today as illustrated in the following parts.High-tech tools can save lots of labor work, but sometimes they are not as “smart” as we expect. I would like to use car navigation system as an example. In the past, people could only refer to printed maps to find ways to their destinations. Nowadays, car navigation system can automatically find the right path for us. It seems that car navigation system is far more convenient than printed maps. However, in order to install the system, we need to download the digital maps before ahead and make sure that our destinations are recognizable.If the system fails to recognize the destination, it sometimes does not stop navigating, but lead us to somewhere else. Once I was driving from California to a Native American Reservation in Arizona, the car navigation failed to find the right path and led me to a small town that I had never heard of. Fortunately, I found a gas station and the employees there showed me the correct way. My own experience shows that high-tech products might not be always as reliable as we expect.Another example of how technology has made our life more complicated is online shopping.Nowadays, more and more people choose to shop clothes online, so to save time and efforts.Admittedly, shopping online is convenient to some extent compared with going to a shopping mall, because we could stay at home and check out with several clicks. All we need to do then is to wait until our new clothes are delivered to us. However, many people had terrible shopping experience in that the colors and designs of those clothes are not exactly the same as they are described online. Moreover, the size might not fit us, which is not expected either.In this case, we need to follow a complicated returning process, completing forms needed for returning and going to the local express service to send the clothes back. The process of returning is extremely daunting, which usually takes a long time for us to get our money back.Based on the above discussion, it could be concluded that sometimes technology is not as convenient as we expect. Should we just refuse to use high-tech products? I do not think so. I believe that modern technology is still developing, and it will definitely make our life more and more comfortable and convenient in the future.Score 4:It cannot be denied that technology enables people to live a better and more convenient life today. However, it does not mean that those high-tech tools make our life easier now than in the past. In fact, technology makes our life far more complicated for the following reasons.High-tech tools can save lots of labor work, but sometimes they are not as “smart” as we expected. I would like to use car navigation system as an example. In the past, people could only refer to printed maps to find ways to their destinations. Nowadays, car navigation system can automatically find the right path for us. However, in order to use the navigation system, we need to download the digital maps before ahead and to make sure that our destinations are recognizable. Once when I was driving from California to a Native American Reservation in Arizona, the car navigation failed to find the right path. Luckily, I found a gas station and the employees there showed me the way. My own experience shows that high-tech products might not be always as reliable as we expect.Another example of how technology has made our life more complicated is online shopping.Nowadays, more and more people choose to shop clothes online, so to save time and efforts.Admittedly, shopping online is convenient to some extent compared with going to a shopping mall because we could stay at home and check out with a several clicks. All we need to do then is to wait until our new clothes are delivered to us. However, many people had terrible shopping experience in that the colors and designs of those clothes are not exactly the same as they are described online. Moreover, the size might not fit us, which is not expected either.In this case, we need to follow a complicate returning process, completing forms needed for returning and going to the local express service to send the clothes back. The process of returning is extremely daunting and sometimes it takes a long time for us to get our money back.Based on the above discussion, it could be concluded that sometimes technology is not as convenient as it should be. Should we just refuse to use high-tech products? I do not think so.I believe that technology is still developing, and it will definitely make our life more andmore comfortable and convenient in the future.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order for a business tosucceed, it mustput more money in advertising.Score 5:In order to gain profits and occupy a larger portion of market, companies have developed many ways to increase their market share, including spending money onadvertising. Some people believe that a company cannot achieve success unless they invest more money on advertising. However, the effectiveness and influence of an advertisement does not solely depend on how much money was put in it; also, there are several circumstances that a business should cut down its budgets on advertising and invest more on other projects.To begin with, low-cost advertisements could be attractive enough for customers and help companies to occupy a large portion of the market. For instance, there are advertisements of Coca-Cola everywhere around the world, and Coca-Cola seems to be the most competitive brand among companies selling beverages. Coca-Cola’s advertisements are perceived as more interesting and attractive than the ones of Pepsi and other companies of the same kind. It is the idea and content of Coca-Cola’s advertisement matter instead of how much money being put into the advertisement. A simple cartoon with fancy ideas which come from ordinary people instead of a celebrity designer may have greater influence than scenes that got shot on famous spots with post-processing.Moreover, some small companies in lack of the money to create widespread advertisements need to invest on other things first such as the quality of their products and marketing. When it comes to shops that sell cookies, for example, they should improve the flavors of their products first. Then, letting customers taste their free samples may be a better strategy than those posters on walls for advertising. In addition, sometimes companies suffering from crisis should put more money on human resources and adjusting the configuration of different departments within the companies. Unless they have solved the crisis, they have no reason to emphasize too much on advertising.Based on the above discussions, a company has many choices other than investing more on advertising to make a business to be successful. Admittedly, advertising investment is so important that it is often a decisive factor to the success of a company; however, it is not always the predominant factor.Score 4:In order to achieve profits, companies have developed many ways to increase their market share, including spending money on advertising. Some people believe that a company must put more money into advertising in order to achieve success. However, there are several circumstances that a business should cut down its budgets on advertising and invest more on other projects.To begin with, low-cost advertisements could be attractive enough for customers and help companies to occupy a large portion of the market. For instance, there are advertisements of Coca-Cola everywhere around the world, which seem to be the most competitive brand among companies selling beverages. Coca-Cola’s advertisements are perceived as more interesting and attractive than the ones of Pepsi and other companies of the same kind. It is the idea and content of the advertisement matter instead of how much money being put into the advertisement. A simple cartoon with fancy ideas which come from ordinary people instead of a celebrated designer may have greater influence than scenes thatgot shot on famous spots with all kinds of post-processing.Moreover, some small companies in lack of the money to create widespread advertisements need to invest on other things first such as the quality of their products and marketing. When it comes to shops that sell cookies, for example, they should improve the flavors of their products first. Then, letting customers taste their free yummy cookies may bea better strategy than those posters on walls printed with yummy samples. In addition,sometimes companies suffering from crisis should put more money on human resources and adjusting the configuration of different departments within the companies. Unless they have solved the crisis, they have no reason to focus their attention and pay more on advertising.Based on the above discussions, a company has many choices other than investing more on advertising to make a business to be successful. Admittedly, advertising investment is so important that it is often a decisive factor to the success of a company; however, it is not always the predominant factor.3.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Workers would be muchhappier if they are doing different types of tasks during their workday than doing the same task.Score 5：In today’s workplace, employees are assigned with more demanding tasks than in the past. It is common that workers sometimes need to complete multiple types of task rather than to repeat the same type of task. Despite the fact that doing repeated works is easier for most employees, I believe that employees would be happier if different types of tasks are distributed to them.Working on different types of tasks could help workers develop a sense of belonging in the company, which will make workers become more self-motivated to do their assignments, and thus become much happier. While working on multiple types of tasks, workers could develop varied skills, meet with colleagues from different departments, and learn about the company’s cultures and values as well. During this process, it is very likely that workers find themselves an indispensible part in the company, and then develop a sense of belonging. As a result, workers become more self-motivated and more willing to devote themselves to their work. In this sense, workers will definitely feel much happier because they are self-driven when doing their assignments.Furthermore, working on various types of tasks, workers have more opportunities to get promoted and therefore earn higher salaries, which will undoubtedly lead to happiness. As it is mentioned in the previous paragraph, employees’ skills related to different ty pes of tasks could be improved if they continue working on those tasks. Once employees become professionals in multiple fields, the company will offer them more promotion opportunities, compared with those who are simply skillful in a single field. In this sense, employees could earn higher salaries and become much happier.Admittedly, it is easier for one to repeat one type of task all the time. However, if workers keep repeating the same task everyday, they will feel bored and less motivated soon. It seems that workers have to meet with the same group of people and follow the same procedure.There is little hope to receive more training and develop new skills, let alone to get promoted.It is not difficult to imagine that workers will become unhappy in this situation.To sum up, working on different types of tasks could enable workers to become more motivated and to earn higher salaries in the future. Therefore, workers would be much happier while doing those tasks, compared with repeating the same task all the time.Score 4：Nowadays, employees are assigned with more difficult tasks than in the past. Sometimes, workers need to complete multiple types of task rather than repeat the same type of task.Although doing repeated works is easier for most employees, I believe that employees would be happier if different types of tasks are assigned to them.Working on different types of tasks could help workers develop a sense of belonging in the company, which will make workers become more self-motivated to do their assignments.While working on those tasks, workers could develop varied skills, meet with different colleagues, and learn about the company’s cultures and values as well. During this process, workers will find themselves an indispensible part in the company, and develop a sense of belonging. Thus, workers become more self-motivated and will definitely feel happy.Furthermore, doing various types of tasks, workers have more opportunities to get promoted and therefore earn higher salaries. As it is mentio ned in the previous paragraph, employees’ skills of different types of tasks could be improved if they keep working on those tasks. Once they become professionals in completing those tasks, the company will offer them more promotion opportunities, compared with those who are simply skillful in a single field. In this sense, employees could earn higher salaries and become much happier.Admittedly, it is easier for one to repeat one type of task all the time. However, if workers keep repeating the same task everyday, they will feel bored and less motivated soon. It seems that workers have to meet with the same group of people and follow the same procedure everyday. There is little hope to receive more training and develop new skills, let alone to get promoted. It is not difficult to imagine that workers will become unhappy in this situation.To sum up, working on different types of tasks could enable workers to become more motivated and to earn higher salaries in the future. Therefore, workers would be much happier while doing those tasks, compared with doing the same task all the time.4.The opinions of celebrities, such as entertainers and athletes, are more important to theyoungerpeople than they are to the older people.Score 5:Today’s celebrities, such as e ntertainers and athletes, usually show up on TV or post their viewpoints through the Internet, thus young people who tend to make more use of modern technology have more opportunities to hear the voice of those celebrities. Compared withyoung people, the older usually have their own role models, and might not be influenced by celebrities today. Some people believe that the opinions of celebrities are more important to younger people than to the older people. However, I believe that the older should value the celebrities’ opinions as well.To begin with, it is a good way to help older people keep themselves updated through learning from entertainers and athletes. Keeping learning updated news as well as viewpoints of those celebrities could benefit older people in many ways. For example, more shared topics between the old and the young could be created. To illustrate, older people could get familiar with what today’s young people are interested in and thus can discuss with their children or even grandchildren about the hot topics. Through those talks and discussions, the generation gap between the old and the young will gradually disappear; the old will not feel isolated from the younger generation. As a result, they might even feel more energetic than before spending more time with young people. It is not exaggerated to say that watching news and TV shows of celebrities could help the old to maintain mental health to a certain extent.Moreover, many old people are referred to as “stubborn” because they only b elieve what they have learned from their experience in the past. With the development of the society and modern technology, everything changes fast, thus some rules and principles in the past do not work the way as they used to do. It is advisable for the old to learn the views and opinions of the young generation, and avoid sticking to the old-fashioned rules. In addition, entertainers and athletes, who are different from politicians, usually tend to speak for ordinary people rather than political parties. Therefore, I believe that their viewpoints towards certain social issues could represent the voice of the people. In this sense, it is at least not harmful for the old to learn from the celebrities.To sum up, it is beneficial for old people to learn from celebrities’ opinions, which could benefit their mental health and could keep them informed and updated.Score 4:Today’s celebrities, such as entertainers and athletes, usually show up through TV and the Internet, thus young people who tend to make more use of modern technology have more opportunities to hear the voice of those celebrities. Compared with young people, the older usually have their own role models, and might not be influenced by celebrities today. Some people believe that the opinions of celebrities are more important to younger people than to the older people. However, I believe that the older should value the celebrities’ opinions as well.To begin with, it is a good way to help older people keep themselves updated through learning from entertainers and athletes. Keeping learning updated news as well as viewpoints of those celebrities could benefit older people in many ways. For example, more shared topics between the old and the young could be created. To illustrate, older people could get familiar with what today’s young people are interested in and thus could discuss with their children or even grandchildren about the hot topics. Through those talks and discussions, the generation gap between the old and the young will gradually disappear; the old will not feel isolated from the younger generation. As a result, they might even feel more energetic than before spending more time with young people.Moreover, many old people are refer red to as “stubborn” because they only believe what they have learned from their experience in the past. With the development of the society and modern technology, everything changes fast, thus some rules and principles in the past do not work the way as they used to do. It is advisable for the old to learn the views and opinions of the young generation, and avoid sticking to the old-fashioned rules. In addition, entertainers and athletes, who are different from politicians, usually tend to speak for ordinary people rather than political parties. Therefore, I believe that their viewpoints towards certain social issues could represent the voice of the people. In this sense, it is at least not harmful for the old to learn from the celebrities.To sum up, it is beneficial for old people to learn from celebrities’ opinions, which could benefit their mental health and could keep them informed and updated.5.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The rules that the whole societytodayexpect young people to follow are too strict.Score 5:Nowadays, young people need to follow rules at home, in schools and universities, as well as workplace. It seems that those rules that society expects them to follow are sometimes too overwhelming and strict that impose lots of pressure on young people. However, I do believe that rules are vital for youngsters in their life.At home, parents usually require children to follows some rules to ensure their children’s safety or to help children develop a sense of responsibility. From the perspective of young people, it seems annoying sometimes that parents force them to get back home before midnight, for example. However, in some communities that are not safe, it is dangerous for the young, especially female to hang out too late. Another example is that many parents ask their children to do some housework after school. Despite the fact that nowadays students have intensive learning schedule even after school, doing housework could definitely benefit them because the young could learn how hard it is to keep a house organized and sense the difficulties of their parents. Gradually, they could develop a sense of responsibility towards their families, which could benefit their future study and work.In schools, universities, and workplace, young people still need to follow some rules that seem to be strict but necessary. In East Asian, young people should pay special attention to their language use when talking to people who are older or of higher social status, which is a way to show respect to these two groups of people. For example, a respectful form of addressing senior citizens and people of higher social status need to be used in daily communications. Though some young people find it daunting to switch from one form of language use to another, they could learn to be humble working with professors at school or cooperating with colleagues at work.Based on the above discussion, the rules that young people need to follow in nowadays’ society, though strict, are necessary to a certain extent. They could help young people become more independent and humble in their future study or work.Score 4:Young people need to follow rules at home, in schools and universities, as well as workplace.It seems that those rules that society expects them to follow are sometimes too overwhelmingthat elicit lots of pressure on young people. However, I do believe that rules are vital for youngsters in their life.At home, parents usually require children to follows some rules to ensure their children’s safety or to help children develop a sense of responsibility. From the perspective of young people, it seems annoying sometimes that parents force them to get back home before midnight. However, in some communities that are not safe, it is dangerous to hang out too late. Another example is that many parents ask their children to do some housework after school. Despite the fact that nowadays students are facing great pressure from academic study, doing housework could definitely benefit them because the young could learn how hard it is to keep a house organized and sense the difficulties of their parents. Gradually, they could develop a sense of responsibility towards their families, which could benefit their future study and work.In schools, universities, and workplace, young people still need to follow some rules which seem to be too strict but necessary. In East Asian, young people should pay special attention to their language when talking to people who are older or of higher social status, which is a way to show respect to these two groups of people. For example, a respectful form of addressing senior citizens and people of higher social status need to be used in daily communications. Though some young people find it daunting to switch from one form of language use to another, young people could learn to be humble working with professors at school or cooperating with colleagues at work.Based on the above discussion, the rules that young people need to follow in nowadays’ society, though strict, are necessary to a certain extent. They could help young people become more independent and humble in their future study or work.6. A leader should have strong opinions and not change his or her mind about thoseopinions.Score 5：Some people believe that a leader should hold strong opinions and should not change them even when others disagree with them because this is an important way to show a strong leadership. However, I believe that in today’s workplace, the democratic style does have its place in business. Therefore, sometimes a leader should provide his or her team members with opportunities to express their opinions. If necessary, a leader should change his or herTo start with, a leader’s primary task is to stimulate and motivate their colleagues to come up with creative ideas, which benefit teamwork to a large extent. In workplace, most tasks require teamwork where everyone in the team needs to contribute. The role of a leader is to stimulate all his or her team members to express their opinions rather than to become a dictator who make every decision on his or her own. It is not exaggerated to say that sometimes team members are always the source of innovative ideas and plans, which could definitely benefit the company. In order to motivate the team members, a leader should not only create an atmosphere that everyone could feel free to speak up but also respect thethoughts of his or her colleagues.Moreover, it happens that sometimes a leader’s decision could be wrong and will exert negative influence on the team’s work. As everyone knows, no one is perfect and people do make mistakes. If a leader hold strong opinions that might result in setbacks, and he or she refuses to change, the whole team’s project will be affected by his or her dictation. As a result, the team members will become reluctant to contribute to the team and might even quit the current job for a better one. On the contrary, if the leader is humble enough to change their opinions and listen to others’ suggestions, the team could avoid future loss. More importantly, the team members will look up to the leader because he or she has an open mind and is wil ling to accept others’ opinions.As I have read from an article published online, “decision making is when the leader gives up ownership and control of a decision and allows the group to vote”. Nowadays, a leader should encourage his or her colleagues to actively participate in the decision-making process, and should change their opinions when it is necessary.Score 4：Some people believe that a leader should hold strong opinions and should not change them even when others disagree with them. However, I bel ieve that in today’s workplace, the democratic style does have its place in business. Therefore, sometimes a leader should provide his or her team members with opportunities to express their opinions. If necessary, a leader should change his or her opinions as well.In workplace, most tasks require teamwork where everyone in the team needs to contribute. The role of a leader is to stimulate all his or her team members to express their opinions and motivate them to work on their assignments rather than to become a dictator who make every decision on his or her own. It is not exaggerated to say that sometimes team members are always the source of creative ideas and plans, which could definitely benefit the company. In order to motivate the team members, a leader should not only create an atmosphere that everyone could feel free to speak up but also respect the thoughts of his or her colleagues. Moreover, it happens that sometimes a leader’s decision could be wrong and will exert negative influence on the team’s work. As everyone knows, no one is perfect and people do make mistakes. If a leader hold strong opinions that might result in setbacks, and he or she refuse to change, the whole team’s project will be affected by his or her dictation. As a result, the team members will become less motivated in their work and might even leave the company for another to find a better job. On the contrary, if the leader is humble enough to change their opinions and listen to others’ suggestions, the team could avoid future l oss. More importantly, the team members will look up to the leader because he or she has an open mind and is willing to accept others’ opinions.Based on the above discussion, a leader should not hold strong opinions and should change their opinions when it is necessary. Nowadays, a leader should encourage his or her。
11月21日托福考试独立写作
11月21日托福考试独立写作11月21日托福考试独立写作范文Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important thing that people have learned is from their families.考题分析：是否新题：是题材：教育类观点：不同意，人学到的最重要的事情应该源于我们的思考和经验的积累。
写作思路：1. 个人理智的`形成必须来源于深刻的思考，有了这些重要的思考方法我们才能够理智地思索一些重要的抽象问题，而不是像动物一样。
2. 个人潜能的实现必须通过接触社会来获得。
只有通过和他人交往，我们才能发现自己的价值，发挥自己的潜能。
【范文分享】What is the purpose of life? Aristotle in his legendary masterpiece “Ethics” enlightened us with the pursuance of happiness. In my opinion, although a man’s family is essential for the formation of his character and temperament, the awareness of the most important lesson, self-realization, can only be acquired through in-depth deliberation and accumulation of experience about the society.The development of reason, or the so-called rationality, which is an important aspect of self-realization, is only feasible with careful and lengthy consideration. A man has to spend a great deal of time on study in order to know the proper methods of thinking such as analyzation and evaluation. For most people, learning academic knowledge at school facilitates the process ofowning these skills though the value of self-education should not be underestimated too. For example, the study of math can equip students with the skill of deduction while they can acquaint themselves with the method of induction through learning physics. Eventually, possessing the knowledge of thinking enables the man to ponder the abstract questions such as who he is and what unique functions he has as a rational being in contrast to a fractious animal. The outcome of his careful evaluation about pros and cons toward these questions reflects the progress he made and his maturity about the development of reason.Learning the other aspect of self-realization, which is to recognize and realize one’s full potential, is indispensable from close and intensive interaction with the society. As plausible as it seems, pure speculation cannot provide real and concrete ideas in relation to what a man should aim to do and how to achieve the goal during his short life. Indeed, it is naïve to believe that you can calibrate yourself in the society at a somewhat moderate and comfortable position without being conscious of the extreme high and the lower end of the life at least. The experience of material life and interaction with other members of the society not only illustrate the actual consequence of making choice but also reveal the meaning of abstract virtues such as honesty, courage, fairness, etc., in reality. These valuable life lessons can help the man to be aware of his potential and the path to realize it.In conclusion, it is my opinion that the most important lesson people should learn can only be taught through oneself rather than family.【11月21日托福考试独立写作范文】。
【托福综合写作真题】
【托福综合写作真题】 Genetic Modification （TPO21_W1）According to the lecture, the professor casts serious doubts on the article and maintains that none of the benefits of planting genetically modified trees mentioned in the reading paragraphs are convincing as the author claims by illustrating several evidences as follows.The first point retorted by the professor is as to the survival of these genetically modified trees, and she asserts that although genetically modified trees may be hardier than natural trees in one or several particular conditions, it does not necessarily mean that they can still survive in some other environmental conditions. Since genetically unmodified trees are usually genetically diverse, they are far more likely to survive when they face some threatening conditions, including climate change, insects’ invasion and etc. On account of that some given species of trees among genetically unmodified ones can keep alive due to their resistance to such threatening conditions. On the other hand, if these genetically modified trees were not specifically designed for overcoming such environmental challenge, they would all die in that whole area.Secondly, in terms of the economic benefits brought about by introducing genetically modified trees, opposite to the reading material, the professor points out that a hidden consequence is overlooked in this case. That is, farmers growing genetically modified ones would spend more money purchasing these tree seeds. Additionally, instead of freely collecting seeds to plant trees all by farmers themselves, they have to pay these seed corporations every time when farmers need to plant trees. Thus, the author’s view seems flawed.Finally, the professor believes that genetically modified trees would actually cause more damage to local wild trees, because genetically modified ones grow more aggressively than natural ones do. Besides, genetically modified trees often outcompete the native ones for resources, such as sunlight, water, soil, and nutrients, leading to their crowding out among natural trees. By contrast, the author’s viewpoint that the fast growth and high yield of genetically modified trees would satisfy human beings’demand for wood and further help save the endangered native trees seems less convincing.In sum, the author’s opinions toward three benefits of planting genetically modified trees are totally disproved by the professor.。
托福口语TPO21Task6(听力 解析 范文)
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福口语TPO21Task6(听力+解析+范文)摘要：托福口语TPO21Task6(听力+解析+范文)!口语是中国考生们认为比较困难的一项，同学们在多次练习了之后还是感觉进步不大。
小编在这里为同学们介绍托福口语TPO21Task6(听力+解析+范文)，希望同学们能够认真参考。
托福口语TPO21Task6(听力+解析+范文)。
口语是中国考生们认为比较困难的一项，同学们在多次练习了之后还是感觉进步不大。
小编在这里为同学们介绍托福口语 TPO21Task6(听力+解析+范文)，希望同学们能够认真参考。
Listening Part:听力原文:Listen to a part of a lecture from a history class. The professor is talking about the Industrial Revolution.(female professor)Back in the18th century, in a time known as the Industrial Revolution, some countries, well, England in particular, started using new technology, like steam-powered machines to produce goods. And the use of these machines brought about some significant changes. Let’s go over two main changes that occurred.One change was that the center of production moved from homes to factories. Um, let’s take fabric, or cloth, as an example. Historically, for a very long time, people had made cloth by hand in their homes, earning a little money from their home-based cloth production. But then these new steam-powered machines for weaving cloth were invented and placed in factories, and these mach ines could weave cloth much more quickly and efficiently. So there wasn’t any reason to keep making cloth slowly in homes when it could be made faster on factory machines. Thus the majority of cloth productions shifted from home-based businesses to factory production.Another result of the new technology is that cities started forming around factories, like let’s say there was a cloth factor y that was built in a certain small village. Now, of course, the factor y needed workers to operate the machines used in cloth production. So the factory would hire a lot of rural workers who would then move from the country side to the village. So instead of spreading all over the country side, the workers started to congregate in the village with the factory. As a result, the village got bigger and bigger and eventually grew to a city.上述就是小编为同学们介绍的托福口语TPO21Task6(听力+解析+范文)。
【托福写作】托福写作21分难考吗
【托福写作】托福写作21分难考吗托福写作21是考生们人数最为集中的分数。
许多考生总是在托福写作中进入21分的瓶颈时期。
那么托福写作21分难考吗?如何突破21分瓶颈期，下面我们就来一起看一下。
【托福写作】托福写作21分难考吗什么样的分数是中等档位呢?答案是21分，这个分数是一个经过一定训练能够够得着的分数，并且达到了21分之后，才有可能向更高的分数段迈进。
1.写作21分相当于什么水平?托福考试分为四个档位：良好/Good (24–30) 一般/Fair(17–23) 有限/Limited (1–16) 0/Zero分 (0)，而21分恰好属于“一般(fair)”的中偏高档水平。
写作21分说明这个学生writing这一项比其他53%学生要高，也就是达到了中等偏高的水平，所以说这个分数是非常合理并且可以达到的(reachable and reasonable)。
2.怎样的作文能够拿到21分?托福写作分为综合写作和独立写作两项，每一项各占50%的分数，若想总分超过21分，则两项都得达到fair的水平，也就是两项都得在中等偏上这个水平。
总的来说，21分档位的作文有如下特征：语法没有大的错误，偶见单三忘记加s、时态错误的问题，但是全文不超过5处;用词准确，可能是普通词，但是不会出现词性混淆的问题;全文结构清晰(一般写“总--分--总”最为保险，也最简单);全文有逻辑，综合写作细节可能会有遗漏一部分，但能把正反两方总观点阐述清楚;独立写作不跑题、不偏题，能适当给出一些简单的例子来佐证自己的观点，字数起码在330词以上(不建议独立写作写300零几个词，稍微多写一些)。
下面我们来看一个例子：托福写作题目：A NEW ACQUIANTANCE OF YOURS IS THINKING ABOUT STUDYING YOUR NATIVE LANGUAGE. hOW WOULD U CONVINCE HIM OR HER THAT THIS WOULD BE A GOOD DECISION? USE SPECIFIC REASONS AND DETAILS IN YOUR RESPONSE.托福写作21分例文：In my point of view, there are a lot of reasons why one should study my native language-Chinese. Here are some of them.在我看来，人们学习我的母语中文的原因很多。
托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO21-3
托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO21-3托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。
本文带来的是TPO21-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO21-3Autobiographical memoryparagraph1Think back to your childhood and try to identify your earliest memory.How old were you?Most people are not able to recount memories for experiences prior to the age of three years,a phenomenon called infantile amnesia.The question of why infantile amnesia occurs has intrigued psychologists for decades,especially in light of ample evidence that infants and young children can display impressive memory capabilities.Many find that understanding the general nature of autobiographical memory,that is, memory for events that have occurred in one’s own life,can provide some important clues to this mystery. Between ages three and four,children begin to give fairly lengthy and cohesive descriptions of events in their past.What factors are responsible for this developmental turning point?Q2According to paragraph1,infantile amnesia has intrigued psychologists becauseA The ability to recount memories prior to three years of age seems to be connected to intelligence in adulthoodB Psychologists do not understand why some people are able to recount memories from before the age of three years,while others are not able do soC Psychologists do not understand the connection between infantile amnesia and autobiographical memoryD Although psychologists have evidence that infants have memory abilities,most people connot remember life events that happened before the age of three years.解析;以intrigue psychologists做关键词定位至第三句，就是上题词汇题那句，说为什么会发生婴儿期健忘症这个问题已经困扰了人们很久，特别是考虑到存在孩子有了些记忆这一证据的存在，也就是说没法解释为什么有证据还infantile amnesia，所以正确答案是D。
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Toefl Independent Writing Notes单一对象题目 (2)1. All high-school students should take basic economic courses (2)2. People should pay to use public transportation (2)选择对比题目 (3)1.The universities should spend money on improving facilities(labs and generalrequirements)rather than hiring famous teachers (3)2. Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office (3)表目的题目 (4)1. One of the ways that parents can help children to be ready for adult life is to ask them to doa part-time job (4)2. Young people should try different jobs before they decide which job or career they will doin the long term (5)绝对词题目 (5)1. The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers’ salary (5)2. The most important investment for a big company is to improve worker’s working ability.62. Most business people are motivated only by the desire for money (6)4. The best way for parents to teach children about responsibility is to have them care for ananimal (6)政府类题目 (7)1. It is important for government to protect wild animals and wilderness areas for futuregeneration (7)2. Governments should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economicdevelopment (7)社会现象、时代差异 (8)1. Young people today are less dependent on their parents than those in the past (8)2. The young people today are more willing to help others than those in the past (8)3. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: (8)The world is changing so quickly that people now are less happy or less satisfied than in the past (8)4. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: (8)It is easier for parents to raise their children than 50 years ago (8)开头段 (9)1. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: (9)It is easier for parents to raise their children than 50 years ago (9)单一对象题目1. All high-school students should take basic economic courses.Ts: learn to manageDs: learn:basic knowledge –R: encounterTs: learn interestDs:learn purpose collegeTs: increase pressureDs:2. People should pay to use public transportation.DisagreeTS: it is the governments’ responsibility to pay-DS: fees already included in taxes tax payer salary → tax → welfare → public transportation →TS: makes transportation inconvenientDS: queues at ticket office→waste of time→disobey the principle of public transportation EG: subways in chinaIn addition, a huge problem caused by paying is that, the efficiency of civic transportation has been reduced. People spend more time on queuing at ticket offices instead of traveling to destination. Though buying a transportation card may somehow helps with the problem, swiping the card also costs time and causes the congestion. To illustrate, in the capital city of my country, millions of people travel to work by subway. They get up very early in order to get into the lines that wait to enter the metro stations, wasting most of their precious morning outside the subways. This phenomenon goes against the original idea of public transportation-to save time on traffic for citizens.多用其他单词TS: solve traffic problemsDS: free in public transportation→more people choose to use public transportation because of the cost→decrease the number of private cars→solve traffic congestion → rush hour →Exp:→选择对比题目1. The universities should spend money on improving facilities(labs and general requirements)rather than hiring famous teachers.Improve teachersA+: TS: tutor -->guideDS:经验-->extra knowledgy-->suggest-->flexibleA+: TS: school 提升DS:1.reputation-->authority2.enrollment-->apply3.moneyB-: TS: more moneyDS:equipment-->update-->costImprove facilitiesA+: TS: improve teaching efficiencyA+: TS: school improveA+: TS: students interest2. Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office.(working at home=tele working=tele commuting)Office betterTS: atmosphere, office betterDS: bunch of people-->arouse passion/motivation/ EG: learning in libraryHome comfortable,TS: efficiency, office betterDS: office: better equipment-->help working-->improve efficiencyOffice :new arrangements-->direct-->fastOffice: People with different skills and experience-->discuss-->solve problemHome: less professional equipmentHome: information delay/misunderstandingHome: solve problem by own-->cost more timeWorking at office has superiority in efficiency to tele working. To start with, equipment incompanies, such as photocopiers and faxes, are commonly professional. These machines help significantly with handling businesses and seldom can be seen at residences. In addition, newly made arrangements can be delivered directly in office. This makes details being clearly informed, also has amendments arrived right on time. Besides, coming to some serious problems there are various skilled and experienced people in companies to discuss with. While through tele commuting, information told by computers and telephones might be delayed and misunderstood. Even solving problems by people themselves sometimes costs a mass of time and comes to no end.Home betterTS: efficiencyDS: home:arrange own schedule-->suitable-->efficientStart working right awayOffice-->company schedule-->less flexibilityWaste time on trafficTS: creative workDS: home: do things they want-->inspireOffice: strict rules-->constrain innovation表目的题目1. One of the ways that parents can help children to be ready for adult life is to ask them to do a part-time job.disagreeTS: part-time job-->studyDS: pp-->dis-->time-->pressureAcademic-->leisure-->TS: bad influenceDS: nature-->weak controlBehavior-->mental health-->shape personalityTS: other activitiesAgreeExperience: social, economy, 磨练意志2. Young people should try different jobs before they decide which job or career they will do in the long term.DisagreeTS: different jobs--> shallowDS: different area --> not professional on each one--> no good understanding on each one -->generalist --〉 not helpingTS: different jobs--> resumeDS: boss confuse--> change a lot--> cannot dedicate in one thing--> lack of consistence--> cannot take responsibility--> bad influence on career--〉In addition, changing jobs frequently may result in delivering bad impression on the resume. In most cases, shifting the jobs is not an appearance of great ability, but a performance of lack of consistence. Research shows that people who change jobs a lot usually won’t be able to reach high positions in their companies. In which case, these people are commonly considered as employees who cannot focus to one thing. As a result of low sense of responsibility, they have less possibility to take significant cases in their career than those who dedicate in one job. Therefore, instead of helping decide the career, trying different jobs even has negative influence on one’s career.TS: other methods helpDS: 1. ask full experienced wise people--> what kind of job appropriate2. Improve skills--> successful on cases--> possibly develop interest on current job3. Change job until nothing more to reach--> great understanding and experience on careers--> decide what to do next绝对词题目1. The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers’ salary.TS: Increase--> good--> motivate teacherDS: develop methodologyHigh salary--> attract more teacherTS: but--> increase salary not bestDS: teacher measure teaching with money--> teachers don’t responsible without high salary--> Uneven pattern--> townsPromise good--> costTS: other waysDS: equipment, system different money, training course2. The most important investment for a big company is to improve worker’s working abilityTS: working ability is importantDS: efficiency, attitude, etcTS: most important--> working ability--> not good to companyDS: just value working ability--> employee rigor--> salary, position--> bad in leading Employee change job--> lose human resourceGreat costTS: other importantDS: working environment, enterprise culture, business relationship2. Most business people are motivated only by the desire for money.TS: business people do have desire for moneyDS: the original principle for business people is to create fortune--> desire for money is a good motivation--> allows businessman to seize opportunitiesTS: business people only motivated by desire of money lead to bad resultDS: corruption--> disrupt market orderTake unscrupulous measures to achieve goals--> adverse effect on commercial circlesThese influences--> vicious circle--> working area--> eventually impact on themselves--> motivated only by the desire is not appropriate and realisticTS: business people motivated by other desiresDS: business relationship desire, position desire, career desire, life goal desire,4. The best way for parents to teach children about responsibility is to have them care for an animal.TS: truly take care of animal can teach responsibility to childrenDS: animals--> teach children life is delicatecare about othersTS: not the best wayDS: taking care costs great effort--> tiredOnly play with pets--> miss opportunities play with other children--> lack of social skillAccidental death--> hurt feelingsTS: other waysDS:parents themselves be good modelslearn stories about responsibility eg: cartoon characters that children loveFind a hobby and insist on it政府类题目1. It is important for government to protect wild animals and wilderness areas for future generation.TS: --> sustainable developmentDS: eco-balance, ecosystem--> biodiversity--> biosphere-->sustainable develop--> restoreTS: responsibilityDS: biggest organization--> well-being environment--> meet need--> improve qualityTS: gov have moneyDS: invest--> fax--> gov funding/spending--> budget--> environmentTourism, economy, etcTS: authority--> dep, 个人2. Governments should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development.On economyTS: government has fundingDS: invest in Economy--> basic need for country--> guarantee other areas--> improve allTS: government has responsibilityDS: economy develop--> citizens have more money and welfare--> low pressure healthy life style--> peaceful society--> win-winTS: preserve environment is a long-term processDS: environment don’t change in years--> need huge amount of money--> developing country cannot afford--> slow down developmentFirst improve economy--> then preserve environment--> best solution(eg: Britain after industrial revolution)社会现象、时代差异1. Young people today are less dependent on their parents than those in the past.TS: tech pr>pDS: p:no science&technology--> problem--> refer to parentsBut present: Internet--> problem-->...TS: economyDS:TS: educationTS: culture2. The young people today are more willing to help others than those in the past. Education, economy, society, technology3. Do you agree or disagree with the statement:The world is changing so quickly that people now are less happy or less satisfied than in the past.Economy, technology, diversity4. Do you agree or disagree with the statement:It is easier for parents to raise their children than 50 years ago.AgreeTS: economyDS: pre: more money--> better life for children--> no worry about food, shelter, study --> happy childhood--> good personP: family struggle to survive--> pay less attention to children--> cause problemsTS: gov policy&lawsDS: pre gov: care more about kids--> policies--> funding--> welfare to children and poor family Laws preventing children from harmP gov: care more about development--> bad environment for children--> children workers, etc --> dangerous both physically and mentallyLess laws--> criminals hurt children--> parents hard to raiseTS: societyDS: pre society--> organizations, institutes for children-->1. Support parents cannot afford to raise children-->2. Supervise--> bad people & parentsP society--> less consciousness, wars, etc--> less people care--> bad condition for parents to raise children开头段1. Do you agree or disagree with the statement:It is easier for parents to raise their children than 50 years ago.Most of the people believed that it was easier to bring up a kid 50 years ago than it is now, because there was less pressure in the society back to half centuries ago, and that the environment then was unpolluted and livable. Yet in my opinion, modern society provides various superior aspects from economy, policies, morality, etc. Such developments allow parents taking less effort to raise their children.。