Vibration control of high-rise buildings for wind a robust passive and active tuned mass damper
超高层圆形建筑竖向控制施工技术
2004年9月journal of guang dong communication polytechnic September.2004 文章编号：1671-8496-(2004)03-0070-03超高层圆形建筑竖向控制施工技术梁伟雄（广东省建筑工程集团有限公司，广东广州 510010）摘要:高层建筑施工垂直度控制是施工测量的关键环节，而圆形结构的垂直度控制难度更大。
在超高层圆形建筑施工中，通过采取内控法与外控法相结合的施工测量控制技术，使建筑物的竖向控制达到了高精度要求。
关键词：超高层建筑施工测量垂直度控制中图分类号：TU971文献标识码：AThe Vertical Control of Construction Technique during High-riseCircular BuildingLIANG Wei-xiong(Construction Project Group Co.Ltd. of Gungdong Province, Guangzhou 510010,China)Abstract: The control of vertical degree is a key sector of constructional measurement during constructing a high-rise.The control of circular building’s vertical degree is more difficult. To solve such difficult problem, we adopt internal control combine with external control technology was adopted, which made vertical control meet the demand for high precision.Key Words: high-rise building; constructional measurement; vertical control1 工程概况佛山市百花广场位于市区中心地段，总投资3.3亿元，建筑面积110 000 m2，该工程基础为人工挖孔灌注桩，主体为框架—核芯筒结构体系，主楼共48层（其中地下2层），高156.90 m，建筑物平面为正圆，内正圆为核芯筒结构外边，直径为10 m，外正圆为建筑物轮廓框架柱边，直径为20 m。
高层楼房爆破拆除模拟研究与实践应用
0引言城市用地日益紧张，同时又受城区狭窄场地、施工进度、人员财产安全等影响，使得爆破拆除技术在城区建筑改造重建工程中越来越常见。
得益于计算机技术的更新迭代，建（构）筑物的爆破拆除技术有了快速的发展，到如今已经形成较为完备的工程科学技术体系[1-2]。
通过数值仿真模拟建（构）筑物的倒塌过程及形态已经有较多的研究[3-7]，本文基于前人的研究，采用双向微折叠爆破拆除技术，运用底层卸载减振方法，使用ANSYS/LS.DYNA 软件对高层建筑物破坏过程和触地振动进行了研究，与实际监测数据进行比对，验证双向微折叠爆破拆除技术在工程爆破中的效应，优化施工方案，以期研究成果能够对类似的爆破拆除工程提供一定的借鉴。
1爆破原理及方法1.1拆除原理一般来说，建（构）筑物的爆破拆除是根据设计思路来反向考虑的，即通过破坏柱、梁、楼板等主要称重支撑构件，打破结构的受力稳定平衡，使其在重力的作用下失稳倒塌解体。
爆破切口形成之后，切口处剩余结构要能够在短时间内支撑上部结构；同时，在重力形成的倾覆力矩作用下，支撑上部结构绕切口处支点转动。
撑住和转动几乎是同时发生的，只有当建筑物转动并产生一定的能量之后，才能够发生碰撞破碎和触地解体。
所以，爆破切口的形式对于爆破拆除的倒塌方向和效果至关重要，对爆破切口的形式也有一定的要求[8]。
1.2双向微折叠爆破拆除技术双向微折叠爆破拆除技术属于折叠倒塌形式的一种特殊形式，主要是根据某些特殊的拆除爆破工程实践所设计的一种切口形式。
结构开设上下两个切口，切口形式可以根据工程实际分别设计，上部切口开口朝向与主倒塌方向相反，率先起爆，用来控制地面振动、触地冲击距离等，降低对狭小场地的要求；下部切口开口朝向为主倒塌方向，结合场地环境设计，保证主体结构解体破坏。
它的原理基于以下步骤：①结构分析：在进行拆除前，对建筑物或结构物进行仔细分析，确定其内部的构造和强度分布，包括建筑物的材料类型、支撑结构、强度等方面的详细信息。
雅思作文高层建筑范文
雅思作文高层建筑范文英文回答：High-rise buildings have become increasingly prevalent in urban landscapes, driven by factors such as population growth, land scarcity, and technological advancements. Their construction has sparked heated debates, with proponents extolling their benefits while detractors raise concerns. This essay will delve into the advantages and disadvantages of high-rise buildings, examining their impact on urban planning, societal well-being, and environmental sustainability.One of the primary advantages of high-rise buildings is their enhanced space efficiency. By vertically extending structures, they enable the utilization of limited land resources in densely populated areas. This compactness allows for the development of more housing units, commercial spaces, and public amenities within a confined urban footprint. Additionally, high-rise buildings oftenincorporate innovative design features that maximizenatural light and ventilation, improving the living and working conditions for occupants.Furthermore, high-rise buildings can contribute tourban renewal and revitalization. Their construction can spur economic development by attracting businesses, investors, and tourists to emerging or underdeveloped areas. The creation of new job opportunities and therevitalization of public spaces can enhance the vibrancyand attractiveness of cities. Moreover, high-rise buildings can serve as landmarks and architectural icons, definingthe skylines of cities and becoming symbols of urban identity.However, the construction of high-rise buildings also presents challenges and potential drawbacks. One of the major concerns is the strain they can place oninfrastructure and public services. The increasedpopulation density and increased demand for energy, water, and transportation can overwhelm existing infrastructure systems, leading to congestion, pollution, and serviceoutages. Moreover, the construction of high-rise buildings can disrupt surrounding neighborhoods, causing noise, dust, and traffic disruptions.Another concern is the impact of high-rise buildings on the environment. The production of materials, energy consumption, and waste generation associated with their construction can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of environmental degradation. Additionally, the use of glass and other reflective materials in high-rise buildings can create the "urban heat island" effect, where temperatures in densely built areas can be significantly higher than in surrounding areas.Additionally, there are social and psychological considerations associated with high-rise living. Some residents may experience feelings of isolation oralienation due to the lack of direct access to ground-level amenities and green spaces. The vertical nature of high-rise buildings can also pose accessibility challenges for individuals with disabilities and the elderly. Furthermore, the concentration of people in high-rise buildings can leadto a sense of overcrowding and social fragmentation.In conclusion, the construction of high-rise buildings offers both advantages and disadvantages. Their space efficiency and potential for urban renewal are significant benefits, but they must be weighed against the potential strain on infrastructure, environmental impact, and social concerns. Careful planning, design, and regulation are essential to ensure that high-rise buildings contribute positively to urban development while minimizing their negative consequences.中文回答：随着人口增长、土地稀缺和技术进步等因素的影响，摩天大楼在城市景观中变得愈发普遍。
风荷载特点
高层建筑横向承载力摘要：随着经济的发展,近年来高层建筑尤其是体型复杂的超高层建筑得到了蓬勃的发展。
一般而言，高层建筑物占地面积少，建筑面积大，造型独特，相对集中。
这一特点使得高层建筑物在人口稠密的大城市迅速发展。
但是高层建筑物上风荷载也越来越大，导致水平荷载不断增大。
因此，高层建筑物需要较大的承载力和刚度来解决水平荷载的问题。
关键词：风载荷高层建筑物影响在高层建筑中，竖向荷载对结构设计产生重要影响，但水平荷载却起着决定性作用。
因为建筑自重和楼面使用荷载在竖向构件中所引起的轴力和弯矩的数值，仅与建筑高度的一次方成正比；而水平荷载对结构产生的倾覆力矩、以及由此在竖向构件中所引起的轴力，是与建筑高度的两次方成正比；另一方面，对一定高度建筑来说，竖向荷载大体上是定值，而作为水平荷载的风荷载和地震作用，其数值是随着结构动力性的不同而有较大的变化。
对一些较柔的高层建筑，风荷载是结构设计的控制因素，随着建筑物高度的增高，风荷载的影响越来越大。
高层建筑中除了地震作用的水平力以外，主要的侧向荷载是风荷载，在荷载组合时往往起控制作用。
因此，高层建筑在风荷载作用下的结构分析与设计引起了研究人员和工程师们的重视。
建筑设计应符合抗震概念设计的要求，不应采用严重不规则的设计方案。
高层建筑不应采用严重不规则的结构体系，应符合下列要求：1、应具有必要的承载能力、刚度和变形能力；2、应避免因部分结构或构件的破坏而导致整个结构丧失承受重力荷载、风荷载和地震作用的能力；3、对可能出现的薄弱部位，应采取有效措施予以加强。
高层建筑的结构体系尚宜符合要求：结构的竖向和水平布置宜具有合理的刚度和承载力分布，避免因局部突变和扭转效应而形成薄弱部位。
风荷载是结构的重要设计荷载，特别对于高耸结构(如烟囱、塔架、桅杆等)、高层建筑、大跨度桥梁、冷却塔、屋盖等，有时甚至起到决定性的作用，因而抗风设计是工程结构中的重要课题。
近二十年来，国内外建造了超高层建筑和大跨度结构。
外文翻译---高层建筑施工的控制要点
文献翻译High-rise building construction control pointsconstruction process. Data statistics show Ruoyin increase the moisture content of sand, sand rate fell 2% to 3%, concrete strength will be decreased by 15% to 20%, while the quantity of cement and 5% to 20%, gravel and sands affect 5% to 20%; water-cement ratio affect more by l%, 5% strength of a 10% reduction. Since the impact so great, it should take appropriate measures to control.(1) According to the regional market conditions for different proportions of raw materials testing, construction process to ensure the timely adjustment of the ratio, such as 5 ~ 40mm stones, M <2.3 fine sand to do a ,5-40mm gravel, M ≥ 2.3 in the sand to do a set of so.(2) the ratio of combination of laboratory water content of raw materials, for construction with mud content ratio adjusted to ensure that the ratio of the actual laboratory versatility. In the actual construction work to strengthen the checks of raw materials, sand and gravel gradation bad, take appropriate measures to adjust, such as the amount of incorporation of 0.5? L ~ 10?L sand and gravel.2.2 The strict conservation systemBy pumping concrete high-rise building and more. Pumping concrete can not only shorten the construction period, but also to improve the performance of concrete construction. However, the use of certain projects that the ratio of raw materials, vibration control strictly the case, there is still lack of concrete strength. Ana1 IntroductionWith the vigorous development of China's economy, building science and construction technology has been developing rapidly. Especially in urban areas, with land full of tension and further the comprehensive utilization of land, high-rise buildings are increasingly becoming the main urban construction. In general, 9 ~ 16 layers (<50m) for a class of high-level, 17 to 25 layers (<75m) for the second category level, 26 to 40 layers (<100m) for the three high-level,> 40 layer (>100m) for the super-class level. As the multi-storey high-rise buildings into relatively large,and long construction period, large amount of concrete pouring, construction quality and safety, has its particularity, the author further enhance the quality and ensure the safety point of view, combined with some experience in practice , my personal views.2, the intensity of high-rise building controlStrength mainly refers to the strength of concrete. As the large amount of high-rise buildings of concrete and long construction period, impact of climate and working conditions of many factors, sometimes discrete, a concrete strength, and even failure. So how to overcome and control the strength of the concrete well off?2.1 ratio of the selectedProject started before the general design requirements are formulated according to different strength grade of concrete, and have to do statutory testing agencies graded test, after the report to be graded, according to grading to do with the ratio test (laboratory ratio), do the same in the actual construction of the implementation. But the problem is with the site grading is consistent with the lysis of the reasons, mostly for looting period, a serious shortage of curing time. According to experts, the test results, the strength of conservation than all wet 28 days: 3 days is all wet conservation: conservation of the air were 2:1.5:1 28d. This shows the importance of conservation.(1) of the large volume of concrete should be poured large conservation programs, from the beginning to the conservation of the end of the conservation should be responsible, from the subjective consciousness and conservation should have sufficient knowledge. Conservation programs should be personnel, water, day and night, covering measures to consider other aspects, does not leak key details.(2) to strengthen the conservation of the inspection. Conservation measures taken and the situation on site maintenance track record of timely detection of problems and ensure the effectiveness of conservation.2.3 Reinforced Concrete Strength EvaluationExcluding the non-standard test block production of the phenomenon. When the strength of concrete block design strength test than when it is the strengthassessment is good? Not really. "Concrete Strength Testing Standards" (GBJ107) provides concrete strength inspection and evaluation should be conducted in batches. An acceptance by the strength grade of concrete batch the same age and the production of the same process conditions and the same proportion of the concrete composition.Choose one according to the appropriate conditions, all of which relate to a standard deviation of the problem. As the cycle of high-rise building construction, concrete pouring and curing such a large difference in climatic conditions, concrete tests have greater dispersion of values, that is the standard deviation is too large, such as generally judged as a group, are likely to fail and should therefore be divided approved, according to the same conditions of the designated group were assessed, this is consistent with national regulatory requirements, in line with the actual scene.3 high-rise building "three-wire" controlAxis, elevation, vertical meridian degree similar to buildings. High-rise buildings, because covers a wide range, the operation is difficult, often in the phenomenon of displacement or not allowed. "Three line" control is a major high-rise building difficult.3.1 Control of verticality(1) control the vertical degree is the foundation to ensure the quality of high-rise building is one of the key links. In order to control the verticality of the building construction, the first column should be based on building network layout situation, first building to determine the location of the four corner columns. The installation of four corner columns template, pop up along the thickness of the outer column line, vertical mode, plus support line was determined by hanging the vertical column degree: 100% in ensuring verticality, the aligned template support outside line reinforcement , pouring of concrete. When four prism form removal, the other columns to the four columns for the baseline columns, brace wire, positive control flatness and straightness.(2) the vertical degree of control during the application of double laser plus heavy hammer for more experience, so adding more vertical degree of accuracy,while with the inner and outer pair of vertical control to high-rise buildings can reduce investment and measurement errors to a minimum.3.2 Axis Control(1) axis passes. High-rise building construction process, the scaffolding and construction layer sync up, leading to a number of reference points from the external measurements can not be cited. Therefore, the structure in the construction of ± 0.00, after review and correct axis to - floor as the base layer in the maximum vertical and horizontal to the embedded multi-block 200 * 200 * 8mm steel plate, the plate marked on the control of axis or main axis of control points: 2 layer and above construction to the floor as the base layer corresponding position on each floor to remain set 200 * 200mm square hole, using a large line of Hammer cited the lower floor of the control points measured, then axis of theodolite and steel tape measure to correct , release layers, and detailed dimension axis line.(2) the control of the process line. Hang two lines, pouring a good wall, which is the key to the process line control. Pouring wall, it is appropriate to 18mm thick high-quality laminated plywood, a large-scale fixed combination of outer walls, interior demolition combination of bulk dispersion model number. This wall roughness is guaranteed, but we must note that the verticality of the wall. To do this: ①template support wall when the strict control of the four corners, four corners of the vertical to ensure a minimum degree of deviation within: ②when pouring coagulation, the wall outside the plane of the waist and the top of the hanging wire to ensure that line and the template is always consistent, timely adjustment problems are identified, so as to achieve linear control.3.3 elevation control line(1) Pre-control axis in each layer at least four holes (generally top up by at least three cited measure) for elevation of the location, supplemented by the sum of multi-level review, and then supplemented with water level copy level, review the 4:00 is in the same horizontal plane to ensure the accuracy of elevation.(2) elevation of which of the four holes required to improve the accuracy of their own, because of the construction process template, casting, loading and otherreasons, the hole may lose benchmark elevation effect. So we must ensure the reliability of the measuring point lead, strengthen the exit of the hole template support, supplemented by a diameter of 12 steel control the thickness of the floor area to ensure the accuracy of elevation.(3) in the building corners, surrounded by the conditions set-storey office, review the cumulative story points up on each floor are attached to the position review, to prevent the accumulated error is too large. Level elevation of the review process must achieve each level of the four-storey entrance control points and review points outside the horizontal plane before being confirmed at the same level of accuracy, to achieve elevation control.(4) Building Crack ControlFrom our "concrete with structural design specification" GB50010-2002 Table 3.3.4 shows that crack width in a different environment, different structure of the crack width of concrete have different control standards, allowing a maximum of 0.2mm crack ~ 0.4? L. But as for crack control should be the main pre-control, and so broken up, and slit increases the longer it is a last resort remedy. Cracks into motion, unstable, stable, closed, several major types of healing. While aggregate production within the solidification micro-cracks is inevitable, but from the point of view of quality should be minimized. As the strength of concrete high-rise buildings generally high, concrete in large quantities, and with a basement, it cracks more likely. The following description of the principal on crack "open", "anti" relevant measures.The so-called "put" is the free deformation of the structure completely unconstrained state, when there is enough room for deformation of the measures taken by; so-called "anti" is in a bound state, the structure of the deformation in the room when there is not enough to prevent cracks measures taken.高层建筑施工的控制要点1.引言随着我国社会经济的蓬勃发展，建筑科学和建筑技术也有了高速发展。
高楼对中国的影响英语作文
高楼对中国的影响英语作文The impact of high-rise buildings in China is undeniable. These towering structures have become symbols of modernity and economic prosperity, shaping the urban landscape and redefining the skyline.High-rise buildings have transformed the way peoplelive and work in China. With limited space in urban areas, these tall structures provide much-needed housing, office space, and commercial facilities. They have also contributed to the densification of cities, allowing for more efficient land use and better infrastructure planning.The construction and maintenance of high-rise buildings have created a demand for skilled labor and advanced technology in China. This has led to the development of a robust construction industry and the adoption of innovative building techniques, positioning China as a global leaderin skyscraper engineering and design.The presence of high-rise buildings has also had a profound impact on the environment in China. The increased energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with these structures have raised concerns about sustainability and urban air quality. However, efforts are being made to address these issues through the implementation of green building standards and the use of renewable energy sources.In addition to their practical functions, high-rise buildings have become cultural landmarks and tourist attractions in China. They have become symbols of progress and ambition, drawing visitors from around the world to marvel at their architectural grandeur and technological marvels.The proliferation of high-rise buildings has also sparked discussions about social inequality and urban development in China. While these structures represent economic growth and urbanization, they have also exacerbated the gap between the rich and the poor, leading to issues of housing affordability and social segregation.In conclusion, high-rise buildings have had a multifaceted impact on China, shaping its urban environment, economy, technology, and culture. While they have brought about significant changes, they have also raised important questions about sustainability, equality, and the future of urban development in the country.。
世贸大厦“坐塌”分析与高层建筑的分区隔震
世贸大厦“坐塌”分析与高层建筑的分区隔震许佳萍 张同忠 闫维波(北京工业大学地震工程与结构诊治北京市重点试验室 北京 100022)摘 要 飞机撞击和爆炸产生的应力波在楼体中的传播和叠加,产生了巨大的反复破坏应力,使得世贸大厦承重结构发生塑性破坏,从而使之发生“坐塌”而非倾斜倒塌。
世贸大厦冲击部位上部结构倒塌虽然不可避免,但可通过采取一定的减震措施来避免下部结构的倒塌。
鉴于此,提出了超高层建筑结构振动分区控制的思想,并为今后超高层建筑的抗震提供一个设想。
关键词 高层建筑 振动控制 分区ANA LYSIS OF THE WO RLD TRA D E C ENTRE CAVE 2IN COLLAPSE AN D SEISMICIS OLATION OF THE HIGH 2RISE BU ILDI NG I N S UBAREAXu J ia ping Zha ng T o ngz hong Y a n Weibo(B eiji ng Key Laborat ory of Eart hquake Engineeri ng and St ruct u ral Ret rofit ,B eiji ng U ni ver s it y of Technology B eiji ng 100022)ABSTRA CT The bearing str ucture of the World Trade Centre ,where pla stic breakage happened in the end ,was broke n by t he repeated str ess arised from the wa ve sprea ding a nd superpo sing which ca used by ae ropla ne cra sh and explo sion ,all of whic h made the WTC not overturning but cave 2in collapse.Although it was inevitale t hat the upper str uct ure of impacted area collapsed ,ye t the collapse of the net her pa rt can could be avoided by some co unter measures ,called e ner gy a ssumption.So it is put forwar d an idea tha t ca n control the vibration of a high 2rise building in suba rea.This idea is so realistic that it ca n p rovide t he aseismic design fo r the building wit h suc h a good co nception.KEY WO R DS high 2rise building vibration cont rol subarea第一作者:许佳萍 女 1981年5月出生 硕士研究生Email :singy35@email s.bjut 收稿日期681 世界贸易大厦“坐塌”原因简析根据工程波动理论和冲击力学理论,可把世贸大厦的破坏过程分为:1)飞机冲击产生的剪切波动;2)飞机爆炸冲击产生的水平和竖向波动;3)长时间高温燃烧和燃烧部分材料的软化;4)被撞部位上部结构的倒塌对下部结构的动力放大。
某超高层TMD风振控制设计及时程分析验证
高层建筑的利弊英语作文
高层建筑的利弊英语作文英文回答：Advantages of High-Rise Buildings.Efficient land use: High-rise buildings maximize vertical space, reducing the need for sprawling developments and conserving valuable land.Increased density: High-rise buildings allow a significant number of people to live or work in a compact area, promoting efficient use of urban spaces.Environmental sustainability: High-rise buildings often incorporate energy-efficient design, waste management systems, and green spaces, minimizing their environmental impact.Economic benefits: High-rise developments attract businesses, residents, and tourists, creating economicgrowth and job opportunities.Improved transportation: High-rise buildings often include built-in transportation hubs or are located near public transit, facilitating convenient access to different parts of the city.Urban revitalization: High-rise projects can breathe new life into neglected areas, fostering urban renewal and creating vibrant communities.Aesthetic appeal: Modern high-rise buildings often become iconic landmarks, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of cities and creating visually stimulating environments.Disadvantages of High-Rise Buildings.Costly construction and maintenance: High-rise buildings involve significant upfront costs for construction and ongoing expenses for maintenance,including elevators, plumbing, and fire safety systems.Overcrowding and privacy concerns: High-rise buildings can lead to overcrowding and reduced privacy, especially in dense urban areas.Wind and seismic vulnerability: Tall buildings are more susceptible to wind and earthquake forces, requiring robust structural engineering and safety measures.Views and sunlight obstruction: High-rise buildings can block views and sunlight for neighboring buildings, potentially affecting the living conditions of residents.Social isolation and anonymity: Living in high-rise buildings may contribute to social isolation and anonymity due to the large number of residents and limited opportunities for personal connections.Fire safety challenges: High-rise buildings pose significant challenges for fire safety, requiring advanced sprinkler systems, smoke detectors, and evacuation procedures.Depreciation and obsolescence: High-rise buildings can lose value over time as newer and more advanced designs emerge, leading to potential depreciation and obsolescence.中文回答：高层建筑的优点。
如何应对高楼危机英语作文
如何应对高楼危机英语作文Title: Dealing with High-rise Crisis。
In the modern era, the prevalence of high-risebuildings has become a defining feature of urban landscapes worldwide. While these structures signify progress and urban development, they also present unique challenges, particularly in times of crisis. Whether it's a fire, earthquake, or other emergencies, effectively responding to high-rise crises requires careful planning, coordination, and implementation of strategies to ensure the safety and well-being of occupants. In this essay, we will explore various measures and protocols for addressing high-rise crises.First and foremost, preparedness is key to mitigating the impact of a high-rise crisis. Building management and occupants should collaborate to develop comprehensive emergency plans tailored to the specific characteristics of the building and its occupants. This includes conductingregular drills and training exercises to familiarize residents with evacuation procedures and emergency protocols. Additionally, installing and maintaining firefighting and life safety systems, such as sprinklers, smoke detectors, and emergency lighting, is essential to enhancing the building's resilience against crises.In the event of a high-rise crisis, effective communication is paramount. Building management must establish clear channels of communication to disseminate critical information to occupants promptly. This may involve utilizing various communication tools such as intercom systems, emergency notification systems, and mobile applications to reach individuals across the building efficiently. Furthermore, establishing communication with external emergency response agencies ensures coordinated efforts and timely assistance during crises.Evacuation is often necessary in high-rise crises, but it poses unique challenges due to the vertical nature of the buildings and the potential for congestion instairwells and exits. Therefore, implementing efficient evacuation strategies is crucial. This may include designating evacuation routes, assembly areas, and safe zones within the building. Additionally, leveraging technology, such as evacuation assistance devices and evacuation chairs, can facilitate the safe evacuation of individuals with mobility impairments or disabilities.Moreover, integrating technology into high-rise crisis management enhances response capabilities and situational awareness. For instance, real-time monitoring systems can provide insights into the status of building systems, occupancy levels, and environmental conditions, enabling proactive decision-making and resource allocation during crises. Similarly, utilizing drones and other aerial platforms for reconnaissance purposes can provide valuable visual data to inform response efforts, particularly in large or complex high-rise structures.Collaboration among stakeholders is essential for effective high-rise crisis management. Building management, emergency responders, government agencies, and communityorganizations must work together to coordinate response efforts, share resources, and address challenges collaboratively. Establishing partnerships and mutual aid agreements facilitates a unified response and ensures that all necessary resources are mobilized promptly to mitigate the impact of crises.In conclusion, addressing high-rise crises requires a multifaceted approach encompassing preparedness, communication, evacuation, technology integration, and collaboration among stakeholders. By implementing comprehensive emergency plans, leveraging technology, and fostering collaboration, we can enhance the resilience of high-rise buildings and ensure the safety and well-being of occupants during crises. As urban populations continue to grow, prioritizing high-rise crisis management is imperative to create safer and more resilient communities.。
修改的Skyhook变刚度隔振器的振动控制
修改的Skyhook变刚度隔振器的振动控制Chapter 1 IntroductionThe control of vibration is crucial in many engineering fields, and it is particularly important in the design of high-rise buildings and suspension bridges. The use of semi-active or passive dampers is a common approach to achieving vibration control. Among them, the Skyhook damper has been widely used due to its simple structure and excellent performance in reducing vibration. However, it has been observed that the traditional Skyhook damper may become less effective when the structure to be controlled has significant changes in its stiffness. In this paper, a modified Skyhook damper with variable stiffness will be proposed to improve the vibration control performance under variable stiffness conditions.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewThe Skyhook damper was first proposed by Karnopp et al. (1974) as a semi-active damper that can be used to reduce the vibration of mechanical systems. It consists of a dashpot and a spring that are connected in parallel, with the damper force proportional to the relative velocity between the two ends of the dashpot. The Skyhook damper is simple to implement and has the advantage of not requiring energy input from an external source. However, the effectiveness of this damper in vibration control may decrease when the mechanical system undergoes significant changes in stiffness. Several modifications of the Skyhook damper have been proposed to address the issue of reduced effectiveness under variable stiffness conditions. Among them, a variable stiffness Skyhook damper is a promising approach that can provide betterperformance in vibration control.Chapter 3 Theoretical AnalysisIn this chapter, the theoretical analysis of the modified Skyhook damper with variable stiffness will be presented. The damper consists of a variable stiffness spring and a dashpot. The stiffness of the spring is changed based on the relative displacement between the two ends of the damper. The force exerted by the damper is a combination of the damping force and the spring force. The stiffness of the spring is dynamically adjusted by the controller based on the real-time measured displacement of the structure.Chapter 4 Experimental StudyTo evaluate the performance of the modified Skyhook damper, a one-story building model will be used as a test subject. The model will be equipped with a traditional Skyhook damper as a benchmark and a modified Skyhook damper with variable stiffness. The stiffness of the modified Skyhook damper will be adjusted based on the relative displacement of the building model. The vibration responses of the model will be recorded under different excitation scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified Skyhook damper in vibration control.Chapter 5 ConclusionThe modified Skyhook damper with variable stiffness has been proposed in this paper to improve the performance of the traditional Skyhook damper under variable stiffness conditions.The theoretical analysis and experimental study demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified damper in vibration control. The results show that the modified Skyhook damper with variable stiffness can achieve better vibration control performance than the traditional Skyhook damper under variable stiffness conditions. The proposed modified Skyhook damper can be applied to various engineering fields, including high-rise buildings, suspension bridges, and other mechanical systems that require vibration control.。
高层建筑的利弊英语作文
高层建筑的利弊英语作文English: High-rise buildings have their own advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, they allow for more efficient land use in already crowded urban areas, providing housing for more people in a limited space. Additionally, the vertical nature of high-rise buildings can offer stunning views of the city skyline and surrounding scenery. High-rise buildings also have the potential to become iconic landmarks, adding to the identity and character of a city. On the other hand, high-rise buildings can contribute to overcrowding, traffic congestion, and pollution in urban areas. They may also block natural light and ventilation for surrounding buildings, potentially leading to a decrease in quality of life for residents. In terms of safety, high-rise buildings pose a greater risk in the event of fires or other emergencies, requiring sophisticated evacuation plans and safety measures to be in place.中文翻译: 高层建筑有其自身的优点和缺点。
超高层建筑减振降噪浮筑地板施工技术
智能施工NO.01 202484智能城市 INTELLIGENT CITY超高层建筑减振降噪浮筑地板施工技术高磊（中铁建设集团有限公司，北京 100043）摘要：建筑物的高度不同，振动等级也存在差异，在超高建筑浮筑地板施工中，通常将5层作为一个单元开展振动等级的相关计算。
文章设计了一个具有钢弹簧的减震器安设在材料铺设面上，隔离管道内的噪声源，减小材料自身振动，并对施工工艺进行探讨。
研究显示，减振降噪地板的降噪能力令人满意，能够有效提升地板舒适性。
关键词：超高层建筑；浮筑地板；减振降噪中图分类号：TU112.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-1936（2024）01-0084-03DOI ：10.19301/ki.zncs.2024.01.026Construction technology for vibration reduction and noise control offloating floors in super-high-rise buildingsGAO LeiAbstract ：The vibration levels in buildings vary according to their heights. In the construction of floating floors for super-high-rise buildings, calculations related to vibration levels are typically conducted for each unit of five floors. This paper designs a damper with steel springs installed on the material laying surface to isolate noise sources within the pipelines, reduce material self-vibration, and discuss the construction process. The research demonstrates that the noise reduction capability of the vibration-reducing and noise-controlling floor is satisfactory, effectively enhancing the floor comfort.Key words : super-high-rise buildings; floating floors; vibration reduction and noise control1 工程概况本研究项目为某学院教学楼，拥有独立空间198间，每层空间的格局和大小都存在差异，楼体建筑结构复杂，设计为房中房。
困在电梯里英语作文
困在电梯里英语作文Title: Trapped in the Elevator。
Being trapped in an elevator is an experience that can induce panic and anxiety in even the most composed individuals. The confined space, uncertainty, and lack of control over the situation can be overwhelming. In this essay, I will recount my personal encounter with being trapped in an elevator and reflect on the emotions and thoughts that accompanied this ordeal.It was a typical weekday afternoon when I stepped into the elevator of a high-rise building, heading to the 20th floor for a meeting. As the doors closed and the elevator began its ascent, I suddenly felt a jolt, followed by an eerie silence. The elevator came to an abrupt halt, leaving me suspended in mid-air.Initially, I attempted to remain calm, reminding myself that help would arrive soon. However, as minutes turnedinto what felt like hours, the sense of isolation and confinement started to take its toll. With each passing moment, my mind raced with thoughts of worst-case scenarios. What if nobody realized I was trapped? What if the elevator malfunctioned further, leading to a catastrophic accident?As time dragged on, I found myself grappling with a myriad of emotions. Fear, frustration, and helplessness consumed me, threatening to overwhelm my rationality. Theair inside the elevator felt stifling, and the walls seemed to close in on me with every passing second. I longed for fresh air and open space, away from the suffocatingconfines of the elevator.Despite my best efforts to remain composed, moments of sheer panic crept in, causing my heart to race and my palms to sweat. The lack of communication with the outside world only exacerbated my anxiety, leaving me feeling utterly isolated and vulnerable. Each distant sound or faint vibration of the elevator only served to heighten my apprehension, fueling my imagination with endless possibilities of what could go wrong.In the midst of my turmoil, however, a glimmer of hope emerged as I heard muffled voices and footsteps outside the elevator. Relief washed over me as I realized that help was finally on the way. The sound of the doors being pried open felt like music to my ears, signaling my imminent escape from the claustrophobic confines of the elevator.Stepping out into the corridor, I was greeted by concerned faces and reassuring words from the building staff. Despite the ordeal I had just endured, I felt a profound sense of gratitude for the swift response of the rescue team and the kindness of strangers who had come to my aid.In hindsight, being trapped in the elevator was a harrowing experience that tested my resilience and mental fortitude. It taught me valuable lessons about thefragility of control and the importance of maintaining composure in the face of adversity. While the memory ofthat ordeal still lingers in my mind, I emerged from the experience with a newfound appreciation for the simple joysof freedom and safety.In conclusion, being trapped in an elevator is an experience that can evoke a range of emotions, from fear and anxiety to gratitude and relief. It is a reminder of our vulnerability as human beings and the importance of remaining calm and resourceful in times of crisis. As I reflect on my own encounter with being trapped in an elevator, I am reminded of the resilience of the human spirit and the power of hope in overcoming even the most daunting challenges.。
高楼的好处和坏处英语作文
高楼的好处和坏处英语作文High-rise buildings have become an integral part of modern urban landscapes worldwide. These towering structures, reaching heights that were once unimaginable, have become a symbol of progress, economic prosperity, and architectural innovation. However, the rise of high-rise buildings has also brought about a myriad of both benefits and drawbacks that have sparked ongoing debates among urban planners, architects, and the general public. In this essay, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of high-rise buildings, examining their impact on the environment, the economy, and the quality of life for those who reside within them.One of the primary advantages of high-rise buildings is their ability to maximize the use of limited urban land. In densely populated cities, where space is at a premium, high-rise structures allow for the efficient utilization of available land, enabling more people to live and work in a smaller geographical area. This can help alleviate the pressure on urban sprawl, reducing the need for extensive horizontal expansion and preserving valuable green spaces and agricultural land on the outskirts of cities. By concentrating developmentvertically, high-rise buildings can contribute to more sustainable and compact urban planning, which can have positive implications for transportation, infrastructure, and the overall environmental footprint of a city.Another significant advantage of high-rise buildings is their potential to enhance the economic viability of urban areas. These towering structures can serve as hubs for commercial and business activities, attracting investment, creating job opportunities, and generating revenue for local governments through taxes and other economic activities. The concentration of offices, retail spaces, and residential units within high-rise buildings can foster a thriving economic ecosystem, where businesses can benefit from increased foot traffic, proximity to clients and customers, and access to a diverse pool of talent and resources.Furthermore, high-rise buildings can offer a unique and desirable living experience for residents. Many modern high-rise developments incorporate luxurious amenities, such as fitness centers, swimming pools, rooftop gardens, and panoramic views of the surrounding cityscape. These amenities can enhance the quality of life for residents, providing them with convenient access to recreational and leisure activities without the need to venture outside the building. Additionally, high-rise living can offer a sense of exclusivity and prestige, which can be particularly appealing toaffluent individuals and families seeking a premium urban lifestyle.However, the rise of high-rise buildings is not without its drawbacks. One of the primary concerns is the potential impact on the environment. The construction and operation of high-rise buildings can have a significant carbon footprint, with the energy-intensive processes involved in their construction and the ongoing energy consumption required for heating, cooling, and powering these towering structures. Additionally, the concentration of people and activities within a small geographical area can place a strain on local infrastructure, such as water and waste management systems, potentially leading to environmental degradation and resource depletion.Another significant drawback of high-rise buildings is the potential for social isolation and a diminished sense of community. The vertical nature of high-rise living can limit opportunities for spontaneous social interaction and the development of strong neighborhood connections. Residents may feel disconnected from the surrounding community, leading to a sense of isolation and a lack of social cohesion. This can be particularly problematic for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or those with limited mobility, who may struggle to maintain social ties and access essential services.Furthermore, high-rise buildings can pose significant challenges interms of emergency response and disaster management. In the event of a fire, natural disaster, or other emergency situations, the evacuation of large numbers of people from high-rise structures can be a complex and potentially dangerous endeavor. The reliance on elevators and the sheer height of these buildings can hinder the effectiveness of emergency services, putting the safety and well-being of residents at risk.In conclusion, the debate surrounding the advantages and disadvantages of high-rise buildings is a complex and multifaceted one. While these towering structures offer the potential for efficient land use, economic growth, and a premium living experience, they also present significant environmental, social, and safety concerns that must be carefully considered by urban planners, architects, and policymakers. As cities continue to evolve and the demand for high-rise living increases, it is crucial that a balanced and holistic approach is taken to ensure that the benefits of these structures are maximized while the drawbacks are mitigated to the greatest extent possible. By addressing the challenges and embracing the opportunities presented by high-rise buildings, we can work towards the creation of more sustainable, livable, and equitable urban environments.。
高层建筑物轴线测设的方法实施要点
高层建筑物轴线测设的方法实施要点英文部分。
Methods of Axis Measurement of High-Rise Buildings and Key Implementation Points.1. Traditional Theodolite Method.Establish a baseline on the ground floor of the building.Set up a theodolite at one end of the baseline and orient it parallel to the baseline.Sight the other end of the baseline and record the angle.Move the theodolite to the other end of the baseline and sight the original point.Calculate the deflection angle between the two sightings.Repeat the process for all axis lines.2. Laser Tracker Method.Establish a reference point on the ground floor of the building.Set up a laser tracker at the reference point and orient it to the north direction.Scan the axis lines on each floor and record the coordinates of key points.Calculate the deflection angles between the scanned points on each floor.Key Implementation Points.Accuracy: Ensure accuracy by using high-qualityequipment and following precise measurement techniques.Environmental Conditions: Consider environmental factors such as temperature, wind, and vibration during measurement.Calibration: Regularly calibrate equipment to maintain accuracy.Data Processing: Use reliable software for data processing to minimize errors.Communication: Establish clear communication channels between surveyors and construction personnel.Coordination: Coordinate closely with other trades to prevent interference.Safety: Implement appropriate safety measures, such as using harnesses and ladders.中文部分。
基于数值模拟的双箱梁起重机风载荷研究
基于数值模拟的双箱梁起重机风载荷研究吴学阳;程文明;王玉璞;菅凌霄【摘要】用计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟了双箱梁周围的风场绕流特性,不仅得到流场的压力、速度和涡旋的分布,还计算了箱梁截面的体型系数、挡风折减系数.对不同尺度的箱梁结构进行数值模拟分析,得出体型系数变化规律,并将数值模拟结果与国内外研究结果对比,分离箱梁的气动减阻优势使其与《规范》中单梁相比体型系数较小.由于涡流的影响,使后梁所受载荷转向,挡风折减系数出现一零点值.【期刊名称】《机械设计与制造》【年(卷),期】2016(000)002【总页数】4页(P1-4)【关键词】起重机;结构风载荷;双箱梁;数值风洞【作者】吴学阳;程文明;王玉璞;菅凌霄【作者单位】西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031;西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031;西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031;西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,四川成都610031【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TH16;TH121在起重机设计中，风载荷不仅是结构受力分析的重要载荷，而且也是计算大小车走行机构电机功率以及分析门机稳定性的主要依据。
体型系数C和挡风折减系数η是确定结构风载荷的两个主要参数，而现行《起重机设计规范》[1]（以下简称《规范》）中对风载荷的规定借鉴于《建筑结构荷载规范》[2]，《规范》对只对单一构件的体型系数C做了规定，而起重机实际风压是不均匀，应针对其整体结构的变化做一详细分析。
目前国内外对起重机风载荷的研究主要有：基于随机振动的理论研究、现场实测、风洞实验、数值模拟。
静载分析多采用风洞试验，数值模拟越来越受到青睐，高速数字计算机技术的进步使得由一套数学耦合的非线性偏微分方程和相应的边界条件所描述的流动问题可以在较短的时间和低成本下得到解决。
文中通过计算流体力学理论方法（CFD）和CFX软件的单向流固耦合分析方法，对大型双梁通用门式起重机进行风载模拟，研究双梁结构在不同长细比、高宽比、间隔比下的分压分布情况和体型系数的变化规律，并对比国内外研究结果，以验证数值模拟方法和对国内《规范》修正提供依据，以供工程设计参考。
High-Rise Buildings
Several High-rise Building Structure Systems
Rigid-Frame systems
Rigid-frame systems for resisting vertical and lateral loads have long been accepted as an important and standard means for designing buildings. They are employed for lowand medium-rise buildings up to high-rise buildings perhaps 70 or 100 stories high. When compared to shear-wall systems, these rigid frames provide excellent opportunity for rectangular penetration of wall surfaces both within and at the outside of a building. They also make use of the stiffness in beams and columns that are required for the building in any case, but the columns are made stronger when rigidly connected to resist the lateral as well as vertical forces through frame bending.
Taipei
Some Famous High-rise Buildings
高层住宅落地窗_低窗台防护措施研究_韦诗誉_李先立
韦诗誉，清华大学建筑学院博士生；李先立，山东创业房地产开发有限公司总工程师。
高层住宅落地窗、低窗台防护措施研究■ 韦诗誉 Wei Shiyu 李先立 Li Xianli【摘 要】近年高层住宅中因大量使用落地窗、低窗台所带来的安全问题被广泛关注，本文在梳理与落地窗、低窗台防护高度、强度、防火间距及材料做法相关规范的基础上对高层住宅的防护措施进行了研究，并提出了适宜的解决方案。
【关键词】高层住宅；落地窗；低窗台防护措施；防护高度；防火间距【Abstract 】Safety issues caused by French windows and low windowsills widely used in high-rise housing have been widely concerned in recent years. The Thesis researches preventive measures of high-rise residential buildings based on related speci-fications of preventive heights, intensities, fire separation distances, and material mak-ing methods of French windows and low windowsills, and proposes appropriate solutions.【Keywords 】 high-rise housing, French windows, preventive measures of low windowsills, preventive heights, fire separation distancesResearch on Preventive Measures for French Windows and Low Windowsills of High-Rise Housing０ 前言窗是表达高层住宅立面效果的重要构件，除此之外，窗的演变过程，也体现出社会经济发展、建筑技术进步、居民生活品质提升的演进过程。
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DOI: /10.12989/sss.2014.13.3.473
473
Vibration control of high-rise buildings for wind: a robust passive and active tuned mass damper
Corresponding author, Assistant Professor, E-mail: aly@
Copyright © 2014 Techno-Press, Ltd. /?journal=sss&subpage=8
ISSN: 1738-1584 (Print), 1738-1991 (Online)
474
Aly Mousaad Aly
(Ghorbani-Tanha et al. 2009). A TMD consists of a small spring-mass damped system connected to a primary structure (Fig. 1(a)). The frequency of the TMD is tuned to a particular structural frequency so when that frequency is excited the TMD will resonate and hence dissipate the input energy acting on the structure. Maximum response reduction in the primary structure is attained when the damping and tuning frequency ratios of the TMD system arrive at their optimal values. In any case, the tuning frequency of the TMD depends on the uncertain estimate of the natural frequency of the primary structure. Although there have been advancements in finite element (FE) techniques and the fact that the frequency of the primary structure can be measured on-site during the installation of the TMD, uncertainties in the dominant frequency may exist. This may lead to a detuned scenario, where the performance of the device is dramatically reduced. The uncertainties can be a result of some localized damage or changes in the ambient conditions, such as, wind speed (aeroelastic effects, Gu and Peng 2002), temperature, relative humidity, building occupancy and other factors that might occur with the building during its service life. Even without evidence of structural damage, long-term monitoring studies reveal that structural modal frequencies exhibited substantial seasonal variation (Xia et al. 2006, Sohn et al. 1999, Lee and Yun 2006, Yuen and Kuok 2010). Clinton et al. (2006) analyzed long-term structural monitoring records of two reinforced concrete buildings. Under no structural damage, the background weather conditions, including rainfall and temperature variation, induced considerable fluctuation of the modal frequencies. According to Liu and DeWolf (2007), the maximum difference in the modal frequencies could be up to 6% under an overall temperature variation of 21oC. A common technique that can help improve the robustness of the TMD under frequency changes is the use of an active tuned mass damper (ATMD). ATMDs are also known as hybrid mass dampers. An ATMD can be created by introducing an active control force to act between the primary structure and the TMD. By doing so, both the effectiveness and the robustness of the TMD can be enhanced. Investigations on the performance and design techniques of ATMDs have been carried out by many researchers (Gu and Peng 2002, Aly et al. 2008, Li et al. 2010, Lu et al. 2012, Aly 2012). Gu and Peng (2002) presented an experimental study of active control of wind-induced vibration of a tall building. Bani-Hani (2007) used neural networks for vibration control of wind-induced response of a tall building with an ATMD. Li et al. (2010) presented an optimum design methodology of an active tuned mass damper for asymmetric structures. Recently, Lu et al. (2012) conducted vibration control using ATMD and site measurements on the Shanghai World Financial Center Tower.
(Received July 3, 2012, evised May 25, 2013, Accepted July 5, 2013)
Abstract. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) have been installed in many high-rise buildings, to improve their
resiliency under dynamic loads. However, high-rise buildings may experience natural frequency changes under ambient temperature fluctuations, extreme wind loads and relative humidity variations. This makes the design of a TMD challenging and may lead to a detuned scenario, which can reduce significantly the performance. To alleviate this problem, the current paper presents a proposed approach for the design of a robust and efficient TMD. The approach accounts for the uncertain natural frequency, the optimization objective and the input excitation. The study shows that robust design parameters can be different from the optimal parameters. Nevertheless, predetermined optimal parameters are useful to attain design robustness. A case study of a high-rise building is executed. The TMD designed with the proposed approach showed its robustness and effectiveness in reducing the responses of high-rise buildings under multidirectional wind. The case study represents an engineered design that is instructive. The results show that shear buildings may be controlled with less effort than cantilever buildings. Structural control performance in high-rise buildings may depend on the shape of the building, hence the flow patterns, as well as the wind direction angle. To further increase the performance of the robust TMD in one lateral direction, active control using LQG and fuzzy logic controllers was carried out. The performance of the controllers is remarkable in enhancing the response reduction. In addition, the fuzzy logic controller may be more robust than the LQG controller. high-rise buildings; wind-induced vibration; robust control; tuned mass damper; optimal design; white-noise; LQG controller; fuzzy logic controller