SCI文章中表达因果关系的几个词汇

【SCI教程】因果关系的推导及一些相关的概念

【SCI教程】因果关系的推导及一些相关的概念许多临床研究的问题，尤其是病因学研究，危险因素的研究，往往涉及到因果关系的求证。

例如红斑狼疮的遗传学研究中，我们需要从多个的基因位点中筛选出哪个或那些与红斑狼疮有关；临床上，髋关节损害常常加速强直性脊椎炎致残，我们可能想要了解哪些因素与强直性脊椎炎的髋关节损害有关；我们还可能需要了解哪些抗风湿药可能会导致结缔组织病的性腺功能衰竭；等等。

因此，因果关系的推导是临床研究中最基本的技能。

严格地说，随机对照试验也是一种特定的因果关系推导，上一讲的预后因素分析也可以说是一种因果关系的推导。

这里主要是简要地讨论病因学的研究，以及因果关系推导中一些有关的概念。

1．研究策略推导因果关系主要应用两个分析性的研究策略，队列研究和病例-对照研究。

虽然描述性研究（病例组分析，横断面研究等）也可以在某些情况下提示可能存在因果关系，但主要是用于建立因果关系的假说，验证假说一般需要分析性研究，即队列研究和病例-对照研究。

本刊过去一些相关的文章已讨论过队列研究和病例-对照研究的区别[1]，上一讲也介绍了队列研究的方法[2]。

这里主要讨论病例-对照研究的基本方法。

病例-对照研究是一种回顾性的研究，首先需要选择一个病例组和一个对照组，回顾两组研究个体对研究因素的暴露情况。

与队列研究一样，需要结合专业知识，尽量将各种可能有关的因素，均纳入研究因素。

一方面不遗漏有意义的病因，另一方面可以通过多元回归等方法筛选和校正各因素之间的相互混杂。

病例-对照研究特别适合于发病率较低的疾病的病因学研究。

但是需注意在两个研究组的样本选择时避免偏倚，对照组往往要求与病例组是同一人群中的非患病者。

作病例-对照研究时，研究者需时时警惕和采取措施防止偏倚的存在[3]。

病例-对照研究的优点在于(1)在分析性研究中，病例-对照研究是最节省时间和费用的研究策略；(2)尤其适用于发病率较低的病因学研究；(3)适合于潜伏期较长的病变的病因学研究；(4)可以对一个病进行病因学的多因素分析；(5)可以用优势比（OR值）间接反映暴露因素对疾病的危险性。

学术写作常用词汇句型

学术写作常用词汇句型一、表示因果关系的词汇与句型。

1. 词汇。

- because [bɪˈkɔːz]：连词，“因为”。

例如：He didn't come because he was ill.- since [sɪns]：连词，“既然；因为”，可表示已知的原因。

例如：Since you are here, you can help me.- as [æz]：连词，“由于”，强调两个动作同时发生或某事为众人所知的原因。

例如：As it was raining heavily, we stayed at home.- therefore [ˈðeəfɔː(r)]：副词，“因此；所以”。

例如：He was ill, and therefore could not come.- consequently [ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli]：副词，“因此；结果”。

例如：She missed the train and consequently was late for the meeting.- so [səʊ]：连词，“所以”，口语和书面语都常用。

例如：It was raining, so we took an umbrella.2. 句型。

- The reason why... is that...：“……的原因是……”。

例如：The reason why he failed the exam is that he didn't study hard.- Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + noun phrase, clause：“由于……”。

- Due to [djuː tuː]：例如：Due to the bad weather, the flight was delayed.- Owing to [ˈəʊɪŋ tuː]：例如：Owing to his carelessness, he made a lot of mistakes.- Thanks to [θæŋks tuː]：常带有感激的意味，例如：Thanks to your help, I passed the exam.二、表示比较和对比的词汇与句型。

SCI连接词转折词大全

一) 连接词（1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…, and, both…and…。

（2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等。

（3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first（second…）time, the minute等。

（4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。

（5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。

（6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what’s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。

（7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all 等。

(二)、常用句型1、be worth doing 值得做……2、be busy doing 忙着做……3、too…to do 太……而不能做……4、so+adj./adv. as to do 如……以致于做5、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花某人……时间做某事6、sb.spends some time doing sth. 某人花……时间做某事7、It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是……8、It's up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人做某事9、sb. have some difficulty/ trouble in doing sth. 某人做某事很费劲10、The more…the more… 越……越……11、It's no good/use doing sth. 做某事没好处/用处。

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇引导语：一般把英语的听、说、读、写能力称为“四会”，其中“写”是最后也是最难掌握的一项技能。

其实要想写出一篇文章了解一些起承转合的词汇是我们走出的第一步。

掌握了英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇一篇普通的文章自然不在话下。

现在就由YJBYS的`店铺带大家一起了解一下英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇吧!英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇篇11. 并列关系and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2. 转折关系although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite3. 顺序关系first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next4. 因果关系as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of5. 归纳关系as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word几个用得比较多的句子:As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influenceto the least extent.Obviously, in every aspect, …This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇篇2一、表示特定的顺序关系First, firstly, second, secondly, third, next, then, finally, lastly，in the end, eventually, at last, at length, above all etc.Eg:1）Firstly, this car looks awful, andseco ndly, it’s unreliable.2）Eventually, your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.二、表示顺承、递进、补充Also, too, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what's more, besides, what's worse, similary etc.Eg:1）Chrysanthemums are such b eautiful flowers, andwhat’s more, they are very easy to grow.2）The cricketer played badly.In addition, he was extremely rude to press photographers.三、表示让步However, on the other hand, but, yet, though, nevertheless, in contrast, despite, in spite of, in any case etc.Eg:1）I was a little afraid.However, I decided to try it.2）She had little chance of getting the job.Nevertheless, she decided to apply.四、进行举例For example, to illustrate, for instance, like, such as.Eg:1）A lot of people want to leave now——Henry,for example.2）You may have questions which you wish to raise.For instance, who will oversee your work and how will feedback be given?五、换种方式That is, in other words, to put it another wayEg:1）In other words, can we hire her for this job?2）I mean,to put it another way, if you had to do it all over again, is there anything you'd do differently?六、表示事实In fact, indeed, as a matter of fact，in reality, actually, to tell you the truth.Eg:1）The film was very badindeed.2）As a matter of fact, she is much older than her husband.3）Smoking is a dangerous habit.In fact, it is one of the major risk factors that lead to cancer.七、话题总结on the whole, in short, all in all, in gerneral, in a wordEg:1）On the whole, these projects were a failure.2）In short, the film was not bad.八、表示条件if, unless, once(一旦）, as long as, in case+句子 etc.Eg:1）I'm not happyunlessI ride or drive every day.2）In casewe need to call him.九、表示目的in order to, so as to, so that, for fear that.1）In order tosucceed, you must overcome any hardships.2）I took an umbrella with meforfear thatit might rain.十、表示原因for, as, since, now that, because, rsult from due to, on account of.1）He had a great desire to have a home of his ownforhe had always lived with my grandmother.2）He is called Mitch,becausehis name is Mitchell...【英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇】。

雅思阅读关键词整理：表因果关系

最权威的国际教育服务平台
资料来源：教育优选 /
雅思阅读关键词整理：表因果关系
本文是雅思阅读关键词整理：表因果关系，供大家参考。

在我们做雅思阅读的时候，需要特别注意IELTS 阅读关键词，这一类词往往会表述下一句话的重要性。

(1) 大因果关系/分句间因果关系(即：原因、结果是两句话)
because ， in that ， as ， since ， for ， so(that)， therefore ， thus ， hence ， as a result
(2) 小因果关系/句内因果关系(在一句话中，通过v.来表达)
例如：Increased air temperature brought about higher sea levels. Cause ， lead to ， result in/ from ， contribute to ， pose ， help ， create ， affect ， influence ， attribute to.
Attribute A to B ，把A 归因于B (因为B 所以A)。

医学SCI论文常用词

1.人,研究对象：individuals,characters,people,persons,subject,participant.2.募集对象：enroll,recruit3.事情,事件：affair,business,matter,thing.4.越来越多：Increasing(ly),growing--more and more5.非常：overwhelmingly,exceedingly,extremely,intensely,very6.开展检查等：perform,carry out,do,use to7.抑制：inhibit,suppress,restrain8.促进,增强：promote,stimulate,enhance9.调控：regulate,adjust10.危害,损害：disrupt,disturb,arrest,destroy,interrupt,break up11.导致,引起：give rise to,lead to,result in,trigger,cause,bring about/on,induce,produce,stimulate,responsible for12.因此：consequently,accordingly,so,thus,therefore,hence,as a result,in consequence,as aconsequence13.由于,因为：because of,by reason that,in respect that,due to,on account of,because,since,seeing14.此外：moreover,furthermore,besides,in addition,what is more15.例如：as an example,for example,for instance,such as.16.关于：concerning,about,regarding,in regard to,as regards,in respect of,with respect to,asfor,with/in referance to17.提示：indicate,show,suggest,infer,imply,be indicative of,be suggestive of18.表明：exhibit,demonstrate,manifest,show,present,reveal,disclose19.推断：speculate,suppose,hypothesize,conjecture20.我认为：for my part,from my own perspective,in my opinion/view,to my point of view21.认为：harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is universallyacknowledged that,think22.吸引注意：sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb,sb take interest in/sb be interested in,capture one's attention,attract one's attention.23.不必要的：hardly necessary,hardly inevitable,unnecessary,avoidable,needless.24.必要的：indispensable,necessary,needful,essential,requisite,imperative.25.反对：frown on sth,be against,disagree with,disapprove,object to,oppose to.26.同意：agree with,in agreement with27.有益的：beneficial,rewarding,helpful,advantageous28.有危险的：hazardous,dangerous29.许多：an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,a host of,if not most,many30.一些：a slice of,quiet a few,some.31.少的：little,small,limited32.没有：little if anything,little or nothing,hardly.33.共同的：shared,common34.相互作用：interaction,communication,reciprocity,mutual effect.35.与...一致：be consistent with,agree with,fit into,corresponding to,match,inaccordancewith36.重要的：crucial,paramount,important,significant,vital,momentous.37.困难的：formidable,arduous,difficult,hard.38.典型的：quintessential,typical,representative,classic39.总结来说：in conclusion,in summery,in a word,to sum up,all in all,as a conclusion40.常见的连接词:However,also,in addition,consequently,afterwards,further,although,unlike,in contrast,Similarly,Unfortunately,alternatively,parallel results,In order to,despite, Compared with,other results。

英语因果关系词语与结构总结

因果关系词语与结构总结词语：because （of）, as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in (from), consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, it follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence句型：in my mind , the following factors/reasons/causes need to be taken into consideration.我认为，我们需要考虑下列因素/原因：There are several reasons for this phenomenon/why…-(as follows).造成这种现象的原因如下：And I present two explanations for this:对于此，我有如下两点愚见：The reasons are chiefly as follows. 主要原因如下：There are numerous reasons why ____, and I explore a few of the most important ones here.为什么___________，原因很多，在此列举几个较为重要的原因。

The reasons are presented below. 原因如下。

There are three premier(主要的)/best/ most important, largest, significant, obvious, crucial causes as follows.以下这些是造成这一问题的最主要/最好/最重要/最大/最有意义/明显/因。

SCI常用词语辨析

SCI常用词语辨析(1).largely , mostly , mainly, chiefly, greatly, primarily, principally, generally.largely表示主要的，大部分的。

一般形容程度和范围，强调程度上。

例如: His successes were largely due to luck.他的成功主要靠运气。

mostly通常表数量，大多数，例如:They mostly are girls. 表示他们大多数是女孩。

mainly指主要部分，突出在一系列事物中的相对重要性。

通常表示主要地，不表数量，例如:The article is mainly about friendship. 这个文章主要是讲友谊的。

chiefly侧重某人或某物在众多的人或物中占主要和显著地位。

greatly 通常强调程度的高。

primarily侧重基本地，首要地。

principally侧重居首要地位。

generally通常强调普遍性。

(2). indispensable, essential, necessary, requisite这些形容词均有"必不可少的，必需的"之意。

indispensable 语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺少性。

Eg:A library is indispensable to a college.大学里图书馆是必不可少的。

essential 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。

Eg:Hard work is essential to success.成功必须努力工作。

necessary 最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。

It is necessary that he be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。

requisite 正式用词，特指为实现某一目的或得到某种结果而应有的需要，有时可与necessary换用。

医学SCI论文常用词

1.人,研究对象：individuals,characters,people,persons,subject,participant.2.募集对象：enroll,recruit3.事情,事件：affair,business,matter,thing.4.越来越多：Increasing(ly),growing--more and more5.非常：overwhelmingly,exceedingly,extremely,intensely,very6.开展检查等：perform,carry out,do,use to7.抑制：inhibit,suppress,restrain8.促进,增强：promote,stimulate,enhance9.调控：regulate,adjust10.危害,损害：disrupt,disturb,arrest,destroy,interrupt,break up11.导致,引起：give rise to,lead to,result in,trigger,cause,bring about/on,induce,produce,stimulate,responsible for12.因此：consequently,accordingly,so,thus,therefore,hence,as a result,in consequence,as aconsequence13.由于,因为：because of,by reason that,in respect that,due to,on account of,because,since,seeing14.此外：moreover,furthermore,besides,in addition,what is more15.例如：as an example,for example,for instance,such as.16.关于：concerning,about,regarding,in regard to,as regards,in respect of,with respect to,asfor,with/in referance to17.提示：indicate,show,suggest,infer,imply,be indicative of,be suggestive of18.表明：exhibit,demonstrate,manifest,show,present,reveal,disclose19.推断：speculate,suppose,hypothesize,conjecture20.我认为：for my part,from my own perspective,in my opinion/view,to my point of view21.认为：harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is universallyacknowledged that,think22.吸引注意：sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb,sb take interest in/sb be interested in,capture one's attention,attract one's attention.23.不必要的：hardly necessary,hardly inevitable,unnecessary,avoidable,needless.24.必要的：indispensable,necessary,needful,essential,requisite,imperative.25.反对：frown on sth,be against,disagree with,disapprove,object to,oppose to.26.同意：agree with,in agreement with27.有益的：beneficial,rewarding,helpful,advantageous28.有危险的：hazardous,dangerous29.许多：an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,a host of,if not most,many30.一些：a slice of,quiet a few,some.31.少的：little,small,limited32.没有：little if anything,little or nothing,hardly.33.共同的：shared,common34.相互作用：interaction,communication,reciprocity,mutual effect.35.与...一致：be consistent with,agree with,fit into,corresponding to,match,inaccordancewith36.重要的：crucial,paramount,important,significant,vital,momentous.37.困难的：formidable,arduous,difficult,hard.38.典型的：quintessential,typical,representative,classic39.总结来说：in conclusion,in summery,in a word,to sum up,all in all,as a conclusion40.常见的连接词:However,also,in addition,consequently,afterwards,further,although,unlike,in contrast,Similarly,Unfortunately,alternatively,parallel results,In order to,despite, Compared with,other results。

表达因果关系的词与词组.

2.cause/lead to
在主动语态的句子中，to cause/to lead to 意义相近，表示“导致，引起”。需注意在lead to 中 to 为介词，其后需跟名词、名词性短语或代词等，另外，lead to 不能用于被动语态。
情态动词表示劝告
must, should, ought to 后接动词原型这种句式可用于提出建议或给予劝告。
2.should/shouldn't
should 意思是“应该”，用于第二人称时可表示温和的建议或命令，也可表示强烈的语气。
2.should/shouldn't
试比较： You should see a doctor now. 你现在就应该去看病。 You should mind your own business. ( 你该只管好你自己的事。（意为别管闲事）
3.ought to
ought to 和 should 往往意义相近，在日常生活交际中人们多用后者。注意 ought to 否定形式： You ought to lock the door at night. 夜间你应该锁门。 You ought not to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。
表达因果关系的词与词组
1.due to due to 表示“由于”，可作表语，用于 be due to 结构，to 为介词，其后需跟名词、名词性短语或代词等; due to 也可用作状语。
1. due to
例如： The high rate of unemployment is due to the recession.失业率高是由于经济不景气造成的。（作表语） His success is due to hard work.他的成功是努力工作的结果。（作表语） The match was cancelled due to rain. 因为下雨比赛被取消了。（做状语）

SCI文章中表达因果关系的几个词汇

SCI文章中表达因果关系的几个词汇Abstract Calling activity in frogs is energetically demanding to males because they usually perform at or near their physiological capacities.（Bevier，1997）最先想到的词汇，不过似乎也是最不常见的The preexisting bias for males with swords in fishes of the genera Xiphophorus and Priapella might result from a more general preference for body size, a preference that is widespread among these types of fishes.由…原因导致Bat predation was the selection force responsible for opening the ultrasonic world to moths; its relaxation has allowed this sensory channel to be used for communication.先原因后结果Thus, female preferences and male traits coevolve through genetic correlation.Thus 如此，因此。

我们常常想不起这个词，但是它比so更加书面化多了。

Two interesting possibilities relate to how stimulus organization and presentation influence the receiver’s attention, and how processes of stimulus generalization and categorization can lead to receiver biases.导致，动态的因果关系连词。

SCI连接词转折词大全

一) 连接词连接词（1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…, and, both…and…。

（2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等。

等。

（3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first等。

（second…）time, the minute等。

（4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。

（然而）等。

（5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。

等。

（6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what’s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。

（7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all 等。

等。

(二)、常用句型、常用句型1、be worth doing 值得做值得做…… 2、be busy doing 忙着做忙着做…… 3、too…to do 太……而不能做…… 4、so+adj./adv. as to do 如……以致于做以致于做5、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 时间做某事花某人……时间做某事6、sb.spends some time doing sth. 某人花……时间做某事时间做某事7、It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是…… 8、It's up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人做某事应由某人做某事9、sb. have some difficulty/ trouble in doing sth. 某人做某事很费劲某人做某事很费劲10、The more…the more… 越……越…… 11、It's no good/use doing sth. 做某事没好处/用处。

考研英语阅读中有哪些因果逻辑？快找出来!

考研英语阅读中有哪些因果逻辑？快找出来！在考研英语中常用来表示因果关系的词语。

1连词so/since/for/therefore2词组due to/owing to/thanks to/lead to/result in/be attributed to。

3名词、动词consequence/reason/cause看到这些词，我们就需要注意了：一般来说，上下句之间会存在一定的因果关系，试卷也容易在这些地方出题。

另外，还有一些比较隐蔽的因果逻辑关系，虽然没有出现以上这些词汇，但是在文章内容上仍具有因果联系。

下面我们就来具体看一下。

4分词-ed/-ingIn just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.此句中，动词transform的现在分词短语作句子状语，表结果。

数百万的母亲去上班的后果是改变了基本的家庭经济状况。

5介词withFor much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.此句中，with引导的独立主格结构说明了推行saving-account model的后果——退休人员把他们的大部分或全部有保障的报酬变成依赖于投资回报的报酬。

6从句解释说明Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. 此句中，that引导的同位语从句说明了现实残酷的原因——他们会在有生之年花光退休金。

27个指标 sci 结构方程

27个指标 sci 结构方程
对于SCI（结构方程模型）的研究，我们需要考虑多个指标来
评估模型的拟合度、因果关系和预测能力。

以下是一些可能用到的
指标：
1. 模型拟合度指标，包括卡方值、自由度、均方根误差逼近度
指数（RMSEA）、比较拟合指数（CFI）、增值拟合指数（TLI）等，
用于评估模型与观察数据的拟合程度。

2. 因果关系指标，路径系数、标准化路径系数、t值、p值等，用于评估模型中变量之间的因果关系是否显著。

3. 预测能力指标，R方值、修正的R方值、均方根误差（RMSE）、预测残差和残差平方和等，用于评估模型对未来数据的
预测能力。

4. 可信度指标，包括内部一致性（Cronbach's alpha）、复测
可信度等，用于评估测量工具的可信度。

5. 效应量指标，包括标准化效应量、偏差比、中介效应等，用
于评估模型中变量之间的影响程度。

在SCI研究中，这些指标可以帮助研究者全面评估模型的质量和可靠性，从而得出科学可信的结论。

同时，还需要考虑模型的理论基础、样本的代表性、研究假设的合理性等因素，以确保研究结果的可靠性和有效性。

希望这些信息对你有所帮助。

表达因果关系的英语句式

表达因果关系的英语句式1. 表达因果关系的英语短语一、because of英 [biˈkɔz ɔv] 美 [bɪˈkɔz ʌv]释义：因为，由于；基于例句：The game was postponed because of rain.因下雨，比赛延期了。

二、thanks to英[θæŋks tu：] 美[θæŋks tu]释义：幸亏，多亏，由于例句：Thanks to your advice, he did the right thing.由于你的忠告，他做对了。

三、as a result of英[æz ei riˈzʌlt ɔv] 美[æz e rɪˈzʌlt ʌv]释义：因；由于…的结果；起因例句：Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment.由于放疗，她开始掉头发。

四、on account of英 [ɔn əˈkaunt ɔv] 美 [ɑn əˈkaʊnt ʌv]释义：adv.由于‘’基于例句：The flight was postponed on account of bad weather.因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。

五、due to英 [dju: tu：] 美 [du tu]释义：由于；因为例句：They arrived late due to a motorway hold-up.他们因高速公路交通堵塞迟到了。

2. 表达因果关系的英语短语最低0.27元开通文库会员，查看完整内容> 原发布者：mingyuezai 表示因果关系的英语表达法英语中表示因果关系的方式很多。

除原因状语从句之外，名词、介词、连接副词、主动词、并列连词和从属连词等也都可以用来表示逻辑上的因果关系。

一、名词表示逻辑上的因果关系常用的表示因果关系的名词有result,cause和reason等。

英语四级阅读常考逻辑关系：因果关系

英语四级阅读常考逻辑关系：因果关系2016年英语四级阅读常考逻辑关系：因果关系阅读理解，还有一个关键就是：读懂句子，掌握各个句子之前的逻辑关系，这样才能顺利的理解文章的意思。

下面就让我们一起看看阅读中常考的逻辑关系吧!首先是我们最熟悉的因果关系。

因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的.一个重要部分。

隐性因果：A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce 如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.在这段话中，有lead to表示了导致的意思，即结果，而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。

B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to如：“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected，as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proc e.”在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。

除了so和therefore,你还知道哪些表达因果关系的词组？

除了so和therefore，知道哪些表达因果关系的词组？有一种逻辑关系叫做“因果关系”，即相应的原因和结果，表示原因（因为）的常用词组或句式已经讲过了，今天就来讲一讲表示结果关系词组（所以）的那些常见表达吧。

有一种逻辑关系叫做“因果关系”，即相应的原因和结果，表示原因（因为）的常用英语词汇或句式已经讲过了（戳这里），今天就来讲一讲表示结果（所以）的那些常见表达吧。

第一类：表示“所以/因此”的单词so,therefore,thus,hence,consequently这几个词都可以表示“所以（结果）”，so一般多用于英语口语中，其他几个适用于写作。

例①：It rained yesterday,and therefore the game was called off.翻译：由于昨天下雨了,所以那场球赛取消了。

小注：以上句型中，可以用其他单词替换therefore，所表达含义一致。

第二类：表示“因此/结果”的词组as a result,in consequence,as a consequence例②：She was over the age limit and,in consequence,her application was rejected.翻译：她的年龄超过了年龄限制，所以，她所提交的申请被拒绝了。

小注:该例句中可以用as a result和as a consequence替换in consequence，表示“结果是......”或“所以......”。

第三类：表示“结果/所以”的句式so...that/such...thatB be a consequence of A.B be the result of A.例③：He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.科学理性备考，自如应对考试翻译：他病得很重,所以我们只好给他请医生了。

例④：It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep.翻译：这讲演枯燥无味,（结果/以致于）听得我都睡着了.小注：这里so...that和such...that引导结果从句，二者意思相同，都是表示“这么......，以致”或“所以”，区别在于so后面接形容词、副词或分词，而such后接名词或名词性短语。

表因果关系的英语短语

表因果关系的英语短语表因果的短语1.Because2.Because of3.Just because4.Since for5.as the result of6.As7.Now that8. in that9.The reason why10…. with reason that11.There is no reason12.Give me your reasons for13.For these reasons,14. due to 15. as a result of16.As a result,17.As a consequence,18.As a consequence of the results19.Thanks to so21. therefore22. thereby.23. hence24.According to25.Based on26.In view of27.In light of28.Seeing that29.In consideration of30.Out of consideration for31.Owing to 32.Accordingly,33. implicated34. play important roles in35. …factors are important in36. a direct link37. related to38. responsible for39. We observed a significant association between40. Our studies support the idea that there is a correlation between41.The increase is attributable to42. contributed to43. …has been shown to result in44. result from45. cause46. leads to47. the leading cause48. give rise to49. stimulate50. inspire51.There is no ground for52. … generated …53. bring about54. produced55. on the ground grounds of56. …was the motive for57. … is an incentive for58. the spur that59. the drive to60. is ascribed to61. From this evidence it follows that表因果的短语和例句1.due todue to表示“由于”，可作表语，用于be due to结构，to为介词，其后需跟名词、名词性短语或代词等;due to也可用作状语。