(4)Reliability evaluation of generating systems containing wind power and energy storage
简体中文版社会影响量表的修订及信效度检验
简体中文版社会影响量表的修订及信效度检验李艳清1，钱燕1，严晓玲1，朱颖倩2，陈星2，杨雪妮2，蔡晶2，杜林静2，徐秀群1*1.南通大学附属医院，江苏 226001；2.南通大学医学院Revision of the Simplified Chinese version of the Social Impact Scale and its reliability and validity test LI Yanqing, QIAN Yan, YAN Xiaoling, ZHU Yingqian, CHEN Xing, YANG Xueni, CAI Jing, DU Linjing, XU XiuqunAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001 ChinaCorresponding Author XUXiuqun,E⁃mail:****************Abstract Objective：To revise the traditional Chinese version of the Social Impact Scale（SIS），and to test its reliability and validity. Methods：Following Beaton´s cultural adjustment guide，and using Delphi expert letter consultation method for cultural adjustment，the simplified Chinese version of SIS was developed.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 417 cancer patients by convenience sampling to evaluate the reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese version of SIS.Results：The simplified Chinese version of SIS had 4 dimensions and 22 items.The item⁃level content validity index（I⁃CVI） ranged from 0.875 to 1.000，and the average scale⁃content validity index（S⁃CVI）was 0.978.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 common factors，and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 64.040%.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model structure fit well.The total Cronbach´s α coefficient of the scale was 0.925，and the Cronbach´s α coefficients of each dimension ranged from 0.748 to 0.810.The half coefficient was 0.890.The total test⁃retest reliability coefficient was 0.901.Conclusions：The simplified Chinese version of SIS demonstrated good reliability and validity，which could be used as an assessment tool for assessing the stigma of cancer patients in China.Keywords cancer； stigma； scale； reliability； validity摘要目的:对中文版社会影响量表（Social Impact Scale，SIS）进行修订，并检验其信效度。
产妇出院后应对困难量表的汉化及信效度检验
妊娠分娩是女性一生中的特殊时期,其中,从胎盘娩出至全身各器官(除乳房外)恢复或接近正常未孕状态的一段时期被称为产褥期,一般为6~8周[1]。
这一时期是产妇产后身体恢复的重要阶段,直接影响了产妇今后的生活质量[2]。
在我国,尽管产妇出院返家后会有配偶、父母和母婴护理员(月嫂)等照顾“月子”,但配偶和父母大多缺乏相应的专业知识,照顾产褥期妇女能力参差不齐;另外,虽然月嫂具备较强的专业技能,但仅有31.96%的产妇聘请月嫂[3],且产妇对月嫂的总体服务满意度处于中等偏低水平[4]。
研究[5⁃6]表明,约75%的产妇在产褥期会出现身体不适,约13%~21%的产妇会出现产后抑郁。
因此,护理人员的专业指导和有效干预对产褥期产妇的身心健康至关重要。
Opper 等[7]的研究显示,预先评估产妇在产褥期遇到的困难并及时给予恰当的干预,可以减少甚至避免产褥期疾病和并发症的发生,降低再入院率。
但是,完成评估首先要有恰当而准确的评估工具。
目前,国外对于产妇出院后应对困难的研究较为成熟,美国学者Weiss 等[8]于2009年编制了英文版产妇出院后应对困难量表(Post ⁃Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale ⁃New Mother Form ),主要用于评估产妇出院返家后的压力、产后恢复、自我护理以及婴儿护理等方面问题,经检验具有良好的信效度,已在国际上广泛应用[7]。
而国内针对产妇出院后应对困难的研究较DOI :10.3761/j.issn.1672⁃9234.2021.03.016基金项目:青岛市民生科技计划项目(19⁃6⁃1⁃55⁃nsh )作者单位:266000青岛市青岛大学护理学院(李雯,宫慧,吕伯瀚,邹玉姣);青岛大学附属医院护理部(张艳,姜文彬,魏丽丽);烟台毓璜顶医院产科(杨晓伟)李雯:女,本科(硕士在读),护士,E ⁃mail :****************通信作者:魏丽丽,E ⁃mail :135****************2020⁃08⁃06收稿产妇出院后应对困难量表的汉化及信效度检验李雯张艳杨晓伟姜文彬宫慧吕伯瀚邹玉姣魏丽丽[摘要]目的汉化产妇出院后应对困难量表(Post ⁃Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale ⁃New Mother Form ),并检验中文版量表的信效度,为我国产妇出院后应对困难情况的评估提供科学的测量工具。
长安福特常用缩写词
长安福特常用缩写词(CP)Confirmation Prototype确认样车Final Status最终状态(J1)Job 1整车投产(PT)P/T Design Complete动力传动系统设计结束PT（P/T）Power Train动力传动系统(ST)Surface Transfer表面参数传递Change Cut-Off更改完成Launch Readiness投产准备就绪Launch Sign-Off投产验收Program Approval项目批准Proportions & Hardpoints比例与固定点Product Readiness产品准备就绪Pre Milestone 1SI前里程碑1Pre Milestone 2SI前里程碑2Strategic Confirmation策略确认Strategic Intent策略意向Strategic Planning策略计划(SP)Structural Prototype样车结构(TTO)Tool Try-Out工装设备试运行Global 8D Eight disciplinary ActionsG8D(福特公司解决问题的标准方法)14DMore Detailed than Global 8D (used to containand resolve stop-shipment/recall problems)更详细的细节(包括并解决停止运货/召回问题)1MIS One Month in Service投入使用1个月1PP First Production Proveout第一次试生产2PP Second Production Proveout第二次试生产3MIS Three Months in Service投入使用3个月4P Production Process Proveout Program生产程序验证项目AAA American Automobile Association美国汽车工业联合会ABS Affordable Business Structure可承受商业结构ABS Anti skid brake system防抱死制动系统AIAG Automotive Industry Action Group 机动车工业行动小组AIC Accelerated Implementation Centre快速实施中心AIM Automated Issues Matrix问题结构图AIMS Automated Issues Matrix System问题结构图系统AME Advanced Manufacturing Engineering先进制造工艺AMPPE Advanced Manufacturing Pre-Program Engineering 先进项目前制造工艺ANOVA Analysis of Variance多样性分析AP Attribute Prototype设计样车APEAL Automotive Performance Execution and Layout机动车性能实施与规划APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning先进产品质量计划ASQ American Society for Quality美国质量协会AV Appraiser Variation评估者的多样性AVT Advance Vehicle Technology先进车辆技术AWS Analytical Warranty System分析性的保修系统AXOD Automatic Transaxle Overdrive Transmission自动变速驱动桥超速档传动系B&ABody & Assembly Operations (New Term: VehicleOperations)车身与组装操作(新术语:车辆操作)BCG Business Consumer Group消费者工作组BIC Best in Class等级中的最佳BIS Body Shop Information System车身工作间信息系统BLI Business Leadership Initiative领导层初始意向BOM Bill OfMaterials零件清单BTB Bumper-to-Bumper保险杠到保险杠BTS Build-To-Schedule按日程建造BUR Business Unit Review业务小组讨论CAS Capacity Analysis Sheet能力分析表C/E Cause & Effect成因及影响CA Customer Attribute消费者特性CAD Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计CAE Computer Aided Engineering计算机辅助工程CAP Corrective Action Plan纠正行动计划CBG Consumer Business Group消费者业务小组CB Continuous Build连续性生产CC Critical Characteristic评价特性CC Courtesy Copy抄送CC Carbon Copy副本CCC Customer Concern Classification客户问题分类CCC China compulsory certification中国强制认证CDS Component Design Specification零件设计参数CET Campaignable Events Team召回情况小组CETs Common External Tariff普通关税CETP Corporate Engineering Test Procedures公司工程测试程序CFR Constant Failure Rate连续故障率CHFCIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing计算机综合制造CIWG Continuous Improvement Work Group持续改进工作组CL Centerline中心线CMM Coordinate Measuring Machine协调测量设备CMMS Common Material Management System通用材料管理系统CMMS3Common Manufacturing Management System-3通用制造管理系统-3Code X Pre-build focusing on exterior components制造前关注的外部零件Code Y Pre-build focusing on interior components制造前关注的内部零件CP Cost plan(马自达用语)由ECN引起的价格变动估计CP Common Position通用位置CP Confirmation prototype确认样车（FORD 时间节点）C p Relates the allowable spread of thespecification limits to the measure of theactual variation of the process.将参数限制允许限度下的展开与程序实际多样性联系起来CPE Chief Program Engineer首席项目工程师C pk Measures the process variation with respect tothe allowable specification, and takes intoaccount the location of the process average测量程序的多样性并将其考虑到程序平均性的位置中CPU Cost Per Unit单位成本CQDC Corporate Quality Development Center公司质量开发中心CQIS Common Quality Indicator System一般质量指标系统CR Concern Responses问题回复CRT Component Review Team零件讨论组CSA Corporate Security Administrator公司安全管理员CSI Customer Service Index客户服务指数DCO Duty Cycle Output责任循环结果DCP Dynamic Control Planning动态控制计划DDL Direct Data Link直接数据连接Df Degrees of Freedom自由度DFA Design for Assembly总成设计DFM Design for Manufacturability制造能力设计DFMEA Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis故障模式影响分析设计DFR Decreasing Failure Rate故障下降率DMA Database Maintenance Administrator数据库维护管理人员DOE Design of Experiment试验设计DOM Dealer Operations Manager经销商业务经理DP Design Parameters参数设计DQR Durability Quality and Reliability耐久性质量与可靠性DTD Dock to Dock码头至码头DTD Design to Delivery设计到交付DCV Design Confirmation Vehicle设计确认车DV Design Verification设计验证DVM Design Verification Method设计验证方式DVP Design Verification Plan设计验证计划Design Verification Process and Production设计验证程序和产品验证DVP&PVValidationDVP&R Design Verification Plan & Report设计验证计划和结果DVPR Design Verification & Product Reliability设计验证和产品可靠性DVPV Design Verification and Process Verification设计验证和程序验证EAO European Automotive Operations欧洲机动车协会EASI Engineering And Supply Information工程和供应信息ECAR Electronic Connector Acceptability Rating电子连接接受比率EDI Electronic Data Interchange电子数据交换EESE Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering电力及电子系统工程EMM Expanded Memory Manager扩展内存管理器EMS Environmental Management System环境管理系统EOL End of Line线的端点EQI Extraordinary Quality Initiative特别初始质量ES Engineering Specifications工程参数ESI Early Supplier Involvement早期供应商参与ESP Extended Service Plan延期服务计划ESTA Early Sourcing Target Agreement早期选点目标协议ESWP Early Sourcing Work Plan早期选点工作计划EV Equipment Variation设备变更F&T Facility & Tooling工装设备FACT Facilitation and Certification Training简易化及认证培训FASS Field Action/Stop Shipment区域行动/停止运货区域行动/停止运货(优先使用缩FA/SS Field Action/Stop Shipment (Preferred Acronym)写)FAO Ford Automotive Operations福特机动车协会FAP Ford Automotive Procedure福特机动车程序FAQ Frequently Asked Questions常见问答FCPA Ford Consumer Product Audit福特客户产品审核FCSD Ford Customer Service Division福特客户售后服务分枝机构FDVS Ford Design Verification System福特设计验证系统FER Fresh Eyes Review其它行业人员论证FER Final Engineering Review最终工程论证FEU Field Evaluation Unit区域评估组FIFO First in First Out先进先出FMEA Failure Mode Effects Analysis故障模式影响分析FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards美国联邦机动车安全标准FPDS Ford Product Development System福特产品开发系统FPS Ford Production System福特生产系统FPSI Ford Production System Institute福特产品系统学院FPS IT Ford Production System Information Technology福特产品系统信息技术FOB Ford of Britain福特英国FQRs Frequent Quality Rejects经常性质量不合格品FR Functional Requirements功能要求FAO (福特机动车运作) 可靠性指FRG FAO Reliability Guide导FS Final Sign-off最终验收FSIC Ford System Integration Council福特系统综合委员会FSN Ford Supplier Network福特供应商网络FSS Full Service Suppliers全方位服务供应商FTDC Fairlane Training and Development Center培训和发展中心FTEP Ford Technical Educational Program福特技术培训项目FTT First Time Through首次通过FUNC-APPRV Functional Approvals功能批准FVEP Finished Vehicle Evaluation Program下线车辆评估项目GAP Global Architecture Process全球建筑设计程序GC Global Craftsmanship全球技术工艺GCARS Global Craftsmanship Attribute Rating System全球技术特性评分系统GCEQ Global Core Engineering Quality全球核心工程质量GEM Generic Electronic Module通用电子模块GIS1Global Information Standards全球信息标准Global Prototype Inventory Requisition andGPIRS全球样车库存及控制安排SchedulingGPP Global Parts Pricing全球零件定价GQRS Global Quality Research System全球质量调查系统GRC UN-ECE Group des Raporteurs de Ceintures欧盟 ECE 安全带规划小组GRC Government Regulations Coordinator政府法规协调员GR&R Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility量具重复性和再现性GRVW Gross Vehicle Weight车辆质量GSDB Global Supplier Database全球供应商数据库GSSM Global Sourcing Stakeholders Meeting全球选点股东大会GYR Green-Yellow-Red绿-黄-红HB Homologation Build法规车制造HI High-Impact重大影响HIC High-Impact Characteristics重大影响特性HR Human Resources人力资源HTFB Hard Tooled Functional Build成形机功能建造HVAC Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning加热通风和空调ICA Interim Containment Action过渡性补救措施ICCD Intensified Customer Concern Database强化的客户问题数据库ICCD CRSIntensified Customer Concern Database ConcernResolution Specialist 强化的客户问题数据库解决问题专员IE Industrial Engineer产业工程师IFR Increasing Failure Rate 故障率增长ILVS In-Line Vehicle Sequencing车辆顺序IM Industrial Materials工业材料IP Instrument Panel仪表板IPD In Plant Date进厂日IQ Incoming Quality进货质量IQS2Initial Quality Study初始质量研究IR Internal Reject内部不合格品ISO International Organization for Standardization国际标准化组织ISPC In-Station Process Controls过程质量控制JIT Just in Time及时JPH Jobs Per Hour每小时工作量JSA Job Safety Analysis工作安全分析PSW (零件质量合格验收) 未做好KKK PSW not ready for inspection检测准备KLT Key Life Test关键使用寿命测试KO Kickoff起动LCL Lower Control Limit低控制限值LDEM Lean Design Evaluation Matrix设计评估表LOA Letter of Agreement协议书LP&T Launch Planning & Training投产计划和培训LR Launch Readiness投产准备就绪LRR Launch Readiness Review投产准备就绪论证LS Launch Sign-Off投产验收LSL Lower Specification Limit低参数限制LTDB Light Truck Data Base轻型卡车数据库MBJ1Months Before Job One Job1（投产）前1个月MBO Manufacturing Business Office制造办公室ME Manufacturing Engineering制造工程MIS Months in Service使用中的月份MMSA Material Management System Assessment物料管理系统评定MP Mass Production批量生产MP&L Materials, Planning and Logistics材料、计划与物流MPPS Manufacturing Process Planning System制造程序计划系统MOD Module模块MRB Material Review Board物料论证板MRD Material Required Date物料要求到厂日MS Material Specifications物料参数MS3(MSIII)Material Supply Version III物料供应（第三版）MTC Manage the Change管理变更MY Model Year年度车型NAAO North American Automotive Operations北美汽车工业协会NFM Noise Factor Management噪声管理NIST National Institute of Standards and Testing全国标准和测试协会NMPDC New Model Program Development Center新车型项目开发中心Nova C New Overall Vehicle Audit新车总评审NPPR New Program Product Review供应商技术支持NTEI New Tooled End Items新工具加工成品NVH Noise, Vibration, Harshness噪声、振动、操纵平顺性OCM Operating Committee Meeting工作委员会会议OEE Overall Equipment Efficiency总体设备效率OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer设备最初制造厂ONP Owner Notification Program车主告知程序OS Operator Safety操作者安全OTG Open to Go可进行P Diagrams Parameter Diagrams参数图表PA Program Approval项目批准PAG Premier Automotive Group首要机动车项目组PAL Project Attribute Leadership项目特性领导层PAT Program Activity Team, Program Attribute Team, 项目促进小组、项目特性小组和or Program Action Team项目行动小组PCA Permanent Corrective Action持续改进行动PCF Parts Coordination Fixture零件夹具验证PCI Product Change Information产品变更信息PD Product Development产品开发PDL Program Design Language项目设计语言PD Q1Product Development Q1产品开发Q1PDN2Phased Data NotificationPDSA Plan, Do, Study, Act计划、实践、研讨、实施PFMEA Process Failure Mode Effects Analysis程序故障模式影响分析PI Process Improvement程序改进PIPC Percentage of P pk Indices Process Capable P pk指数程序能力百分比Percentage of Inspection Point That SatisfyPIST满足公差要求的检查点百分比TolerancePM Program Manger项目经理PMA Project Management Analyst项目管理分析PMT Program Management Team or Program Module T eam 项目管理组或项目模式组PO Purchase Order采购订单POC Point of Contact联系点POT Process Ownership Team程序所有者小组P p Process Potential程序潜力PP Pilot ProductPP&T Product Planning & Technology产品计划和技术PPAP Production Part Approval Process生产零件批准程序P pk Process Capability程序能力PPC Product Planning Committee产品计划委员会PPL Program Parts List项目零件清单PPMParts per Million (applied to defectiveSupplier parts)零件的百万分比率（适用于供应商不合格零件）PPPM Program and Pre-Production Management程序和投产前管理PR Public Relations公共关系PR Product Requirement产品要求PR Product Readiness Milestone产品就绪时间节点PSO Production Standard Order制造标准订单PSS Private Switching Service私人转接服务PST Program Steering Team项目指导小组PSW Part Submission Warrant零件质量合格验收PTO Powertrain Operations传动系统操纵件PTR Platinum Resistance Thermometer铂金电阻温度计PV Production Validation产品验证PV Process Variables程序变更PV Part Variation零件变更PVBR Prototype Vehicle Build Requirements样车制造要求PVM Production Validation Method产品验证方法PVP Powertrain Validation Program 传动系统验证程序PVT Product Vehicle Team or Plant Vehicle Team产品车辆组或工厂车辆组QA Quality Assurance质量保证QC Quality Control质量控制QCT Quality Cost Timing质量成本时机选择QFD Quality Function Deployment质量功能配备QFTF Quality Focused Test Fleet质量节点测试行动组QLS Quality Leadership System质量领导体系QMS Quality Management System质量管理体系QOS Quality Operating System质量运作体系QOE Quality of Event质量事件QPM Quality Program Manager质量项目经理QPS Quality Process System质量程序系统QR Quality Reject质量不合格QS-9000Quality Systems – 9000质量体系-9000Quality System Assessment for ProductQSA-PD产品开发质量体系评估DevelopmentQTM Quality Team Member质量小组成员QVA Quality-Focused Value Analysis Workshop车间质量重点价值分析R Range范围RFQ Request For Quotation寻求报价R&M Reliability and Maintainability可靠性及可维护性RMS Resource Management System资源管理系统R&R Repeatability and Reproducibility重复性和再现性R&R Roles and Responsibilities职务与责任R&VT Research & Vehicle Technology研究与车辆技术R/1000Repairs per thousand修理千分率RAP Remote Anti-theft Personality module 防盗遥控器个性化模式Robust Engineering Design Process Enabler积极的工程设计程序计划REDPEPRProjectRIE Reliability Improvement Engineer可靠性改进工程师ROA Return on Assets资产回报率ROCOF Rate of Occurrence of Failure故障发生率RPN Risk Priority Number优先处理风险号码RRCL Reliability and Robustness Check List可靠性与强有力的核对表RRDM Reliability and Robustness Demonstration Matrix可靠性与强有力的演示图表RRR PSW rejected PSW (零件质量合格验收) 不合格RWUP RealWorld Usage Profile现实生活使用记录S Standard deviation标准偏差s2Variance多样性SC Significant Characteristics重要特性Significant Characteristics/CriticalSCs/CCs重要特性/评价特性CharacteristicsSCAC Supplier Craftsmanship Advisory Committee供应商技术顾问委员会SCTs Strategic Commodity Teams策略性商品组SDS System Design Specifications系统设计参数SDS Subsystem Design Specification子系统设计参数SEVA Systems Engineering Value Analysis系统工程价值分析Senko Drawing先行图SHARP Safety and Health Assessment Review Process安全和健康评估讨论程序SI System International des Unit国际单位制SIM Supplier Improvement Metrics供应商改进步骤SMART Synchronous Material and Replenishment Trigger同步物料与补给触发器SME Subject Matter Expert主题专家SMF Synchronous Material Flow同步物料流程SOW Statement of Work工作陈述SP Support PlanSP/AP Structural Prototype/Attribute Prototype结构原形/特性原形SP&PI Strategic Process & Product Improvement策略性程序和产品改进SPC Special Product Committee特殊产品委员会SPC Statistical Process Control统计程序控制SPROM Sample Promise Date承诺的样品到货日SREA Supplier Request for Engineering Approval供应商要求工程批准SRI Supplier Responsible Issues供应商责任SSI Sales Satisfaction Index销售满意度指标SSM Strategic Sourcing Meeting策略选点会议ST Surface Transfer表面转移STA Supplier Technical Assistance供应商技术支持STARS Supplier Tracking and Reporting System供应商跟踪及汇报系统SVC Small Vehicle Center小型车中心TA Target Agreement目标协议TB Training Build训练制造TAP Target Achievement Plan目标完成计划TCM Total Cost Management 总成本管理TED Things Engineers Do工程师任务TEG Tooling and Equipment Group工装及设备组TEM Total Equipment Management全部设备管理TGR Things Gone Right事态发展正确TGW Things Gone Wrong事态发展错误TIS Time in Service服务期限TOC Table of Contents目录TPM Total Productive Maintenance全部生产维护TPPS Torque Process Potential Study扭矩程序潜力研究TQC True Quality Characteristics真实质量特性TRIZ (Russian)Theory of Inventive Problem Solving创造性解决问题的理论(俄罗斯) TRMC Timing, Release and Material Control (also 时效性、发布和物料控制（同known as Tar-Mac)Tar-Mac）TS-16949Technical Specification – 16949技术规范-16949 TSP Technical Skills Program技术性技能项目TTO Tool Try Out工装试运行UCL Upper Control Limit上限控制USL Upper Specification Limit参数上限V/C Very or Completely Satisfied非常或完全满意VC Vehicle Center汽车中心VC BuyerVehicle Center Buyer (now Consumer BusinessGroup Buyer)车辆中心客户（现在为商务集团购买客户）VDI Vehicle Dependability Index车辆可靠性指标VDS Vehicle Design Specifications车辆设计参数VDS Vehicle Descriptor Section车辆描述组VER Vehicle Evaluation Ratings车辆评估等级VFG Vehicle Function Group车辆功能组VIN Vehicle Identification Number车辆识别代码VLD Vehicle Line Director车辆生产线总监VO Vehicle Office车辆办公室VO Vehicle Operations车辆运作VOGO Vehicle Operations General Office车辆运作综合办公室VP Vice President副总裁VPMC Vehicle Project Management Coordinator车辆项目管理协调员VPP Vehicle Program Plan车辆项目计划VQL Vehicle Quality Level车辆质量级别VQR Vehicle Quality Review车辆质量研讨VRT Vehicle Review Team车辆研讨小组VRT Variability Reduction Team减少差异小组VRT Vehicle Reduction Team车辆减产小组WAS Work Analysis Sheet工作分析表WCR Worldwide Customer Requirements全球客户需求WERS Worldwide Engineering Release System全球工程发布系统WIP Work In Progress进行中的工作WMI World Manufacturing Identifier世界制造商识别代码WPRC Warranty Parts Return Center维修部件回收中心Potential Significant and CriticalYS/YC潜在的重要和评价特性CharacteristicsRemark: Editor adds the content in shadow. 备注：阴影部分的内容为编者增加。
FMS加工工艺系统的可靠性评定
3 可靠性评价指标体系
FMS 工艺可靠性指标体系的确定应依据有关
1
L ki -
L -1
ki
CP ( s ) 1 ∑
k i
s =1
( 3)
其中 CP ( s ) 为工序 Prock is 的综合工序能力指数 。
Part k 的综合工序能力指数定义为
工艺可靠性的定义 , 对定义中的各要素分解后进
78
© 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
Xext ( t ) = μ( t ) + 3σ( t ) ( 7)
完成加工任务的一步相关系数为
Ri =
k
1
L ki - 1
L -1
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s =1
∑r ( s , s + 1)
KR ( t ) = Xmax Xext ( t ) ( 6)
=
1
M
M
l =1
∑S E
k
k ij (
l)
( 12)
其中 , S Ek ij 为工序相对误差指数 。
S Eij ( l ) =
k k
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k
TS ij ( l ) ( 13)
k
k k 其中 , TS k ij 是工序 Proc ij 加工的标称值 , Tij 是工序
Rout i
M ki i =1
。 其
k 中 , 对 Part k , 工件选择 Rout k i 的概率为 Pri 。
312 工艺稳定性
工艺的稳定性是指在某段时间内 , 由工艺系 统加工的工件的质量指标保持在一定的范围内 。 工艺的稳定性差同样会降低工艺系统的可靠性水 平 。研 究 FMS 中 工 艺 系 统 的 稳 定 性 需 要 研 究
考虑异常数据剔除的产品可靠性评估
考虑异常数据剔除的产品可靠性评估魏高乐;陈志军【摘要】提出一种考虑异常数据剔除的产品可靠性评估方法，主要是依据异常数据剔除准则将由试验误差和样本分散性造成的异常数据予以剔除。
基于加速退化试验数据外推产品伪寿命数据获取产品寿命数据，并对寿命数据进行分布拟合优度检验确定寿命最优分布。
结合工程中常用加速模型利用最小二乘估计法进行模型参数估计，将高应力下伪寿命折算到正常应力水平下的寿命值，再依据异常数据剔除准则将不合群寿命数据予以剔除。
然后将寿命数据进行分布拟合得到产品寿命分布，进而对产品进行可靠性评估以及可靠寿命估计。
以某型加速度计为例验证了所提出的方法适用性和有效性。
%A method of evaluation product reliability in consideration of abnormal data removal is proposed in accordance with the abnormal data rej ection criteria that the abnormal data caused by the test error and the sample dispersion can be removed.Firstly,the paper obtains a product life data based on extrapolating product pseudo life data by accelerating degradation test data,and the optimal distribution of the life time is determined by the distribution goodness of fit test of the lifetime data.And then,the paper estimates the parameters of the model by utilizing the least square estimation method combined with the normally used acceleration model,converts the pseudo life under the high force into a life value under normal stress level, and removes the unsocial life data according to the abnormal data elimination criteria.At last,the life dis-tribution of the product is obtained by distribution fitting of the life data,and the reliability and the relia-ble life of the product is evaluated.Theapplicability and the effectiveness of the proposed method are veri-fied by using a certain type of accelerometer as an example.【期刊名称】《空军工程大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2016(017)005【总页数】6页(P31-36)【关键词】异常数据;试验误差;分散性;最小二乘估计;可靠性;可靠寿命【作者】魏高乐;陈志军【作者单位】空军工程大学装备管理与安全工程学院，西安 710051;空军工程大学装备管理与安全工程学院，西安 710051【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TB114.3随着科技的不断发展，航空航天、电子工业等各行各业出现了不少高可靠长寿命产品。
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Transmission line reliability and security 输电线路安全可靠性179. Computer analysis of power systems 电力系统计算机分析89. Electical distribution engineering配电网工程90. Power systemplanning电力系统规划91. Uniquepower system problems 电力系统问题92. Tranmission and Distribution ofElectrical Energy 电力系统输配电95. Electric powertransmission system 输电系统96. Reliability Modelling in Electric power systems电力系统可靠性建模97. High voltage engineering in power system 电力系统高电压工程98. Extra High voltage AC transmission engineering 超高压交流输电工程100. Computation of power system transients 电力系统暂态计算101.Piecewise methods and application to power systems 分段法及其在电力系统中应用103. Analysis and protection of electrical power systems 电力系统分析与保护104. Power systems engineering and mathematicas电力系统工程与数学105. Stability of large power systems 大电力系统稳定性107. Power system reliability evaluation电力系统可靠性评估108.Electric power system dynamics 电力系统动态110. Power system analysis and planning 电力系统分析与规划111. Electric transmission line fundamental 输电线(工程)基础113. 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常说的hr是什么英语的缩写
常说的hr是什么英语的缩写hr缩写的英语HR是Human Resource(人力资源)的缩写，现代管理学及管理类畅销书将戴维·尤里奇(Dave Ulrich)奉为人力资源管理的开创者，并认为是他最早提出了HR-“人力资源”这一概念。
在此之前，人力资源被叫做“人事管理”(human management)。
Human Resource Development(人力资源开发/拓展)缩写为HRD人力资源部门管理(总监)、人力资源开发工作;Human Resource Management(人力资源管理)缩写为HRM，是人力资源实务管理范围，即人力资源经理、主管级。
hr的双语例句1. The 2006 China Human Resources Summit, co-sponsored by NTCC, China HR Salon and Human Resources magazine, will be held both inBeijing Jing Guang Center and Shanghai Hua Ting Hotel in the meantime.8月18日，众多的人力资源工作者又将迎来自己的节日。
818中国人力资源暨高峰论坛将在北京京广中心、上海华亭宾馆两地同时举行。
2. In charge of office administrative and hr affairs负责公司日常行政、人事和后勤保障管理。
3. Operation Support: contact, coordinate, communicate and organize the whole operation support IT, HR, finance, admin, purchase营运支持：联系、协调、沟通、组织各部门对仓库正常操作运营的支持(包括IT、人事、财务、行政、后勤、采购4. Then analyze the agreement of the optimal reconstruction windows in the same group. Results The optimal construction windows in 9529 segments out of 9562 segments in group A, B, C, D were concentrated in 71%, ranged from 65%—77%.结论心律稳定且屏气时平均HR≤75 bpm可以在以71%为中心的65%～77%的R-R间期即舒张末期获得满足诊断的冠状动脉图像，HR≥91 bpm患者可以在以41%为中心的32%～50%R-R间期即收缩末期获得满足诊断的冠状动脉图像。
考虑多维性能衰减的储能电池系统运行可靠性评估方法
第51卷第19期电力系统保护与控制Vol.51 No.19 2023年10月1日Power System Protection and Control Oct. 1, 2023 DOI: 10.19783/ki.pspc.230308考虑多维性能衰减的储能电池系统运行可靠性评估方法王辉东1，王博石2，张 盛1，余 娟2，姚海燕3，邢海青1，郭 强3(1.国网浙江省电力有限公司杭州市余杭区供电公司，浙江 杭州 311121；2.输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室(重庆大学)，重庆 400044；3.杭州电力设备制造有限公司余杭群力成套电气制造分公司，浙江 杭州 310016)摘要：储能电池系统的发展是推进“双碳”目标的关键所在，伴随而来的却是储能电站的安全隐患，亟需对储能电池系统的可靠性进行准确评估。
为此，提出考虑多维性能衰减的储能电池运行可靠性评估方法。
首先，提出了基于高斯过程的储能电池性能衰减过程电压特征量分布计算方法，计算充放电循环过程中电压特征量的概率分布，为刻画电池性能衰减提供了重要维度。
然后，提出了基于多维通用生成函数的储能电池系统运行可靠性评估方法，通过电压特征量和容量的概率分布计算储能电池单体的可靠性。
进而定义可考虑储能电池拓扑连接情况的串并联关系函数，计算储能电池系统整体的可靠性。
最后，基于NASA储能电池数据的算例仿真表明所提方法能够实现储能电池系统可靠性的精准评估。
关键词：储能电池；性能衰减；可靠性评估；通用生成函数；高斯过程Operational reliability evaluation method for an energy storage battery system consideringmulti-dimensional performance degradationWANG Huidong1, WANG Boshi2, ZHANG Sheng1, YU Juan2, YAO Haiyan3, XING Haiqing1, GUO Qiang3(1. State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Y uhang District Power Supply Company, Hangzhou 311121, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology (Chongqing University),Chongqing 400044, China; 3. Hangzhou Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Yuhang QunliComplete Electric Manufacturing Branch, Hangzhou 310016, China)Abstract: The development of energy storage battery systems is key to advancing the "dual carbon" goal, but with it come the potential safety hazards of energy storage power stations. Therefore, it is urgent to accurately evaluate the reliability of energy storage battery systems. This paper proposes a method for evaluating the operational reliability of energy storage batteries considering multidimensional performance degradation. First, a Gaussian process-based method for calculating the distribution of voltage characteristics during the performance degradation process of energy storage batteries is proposed. This calculates the probability distribution of voltage characteristics during the charging and discharging cycle, providing an important dimension for characterizing performance degradation. Then, a multidimensional general generation function-based operational reliability evaluation method for energy storage battery systems is proposed. The reliability of individual batteries is calculated through the probability distribution of voltage characteristics and capacity. Then a series parallel relationship function that can consider the topological connection of energy storage batteries is defined to calculate the overall reliability of the battery system. Finally, a numerical simulation based on NASA energy storage battery data shows that the proposed method can achieve accurate reliability evaluation of such battery systems.This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFE0191000).Key words: energy storage battery; performance degradation; reliability evaluation; general generating function;Gaussian process0 引言储能系统是实现电力用能变革的关键，主要体基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目资助(2021YFE0191000) 现在快速调频、平滑新能源出力波动、提高系统稳定性和可靠性等方面[1]。
基于层次优化算法的低温环境电动汽车变速器可靠性评估
环境适应性和可靠性/ES~1Adapt a bUi t y基于层次优化算法的低温环境电动汽车变速器可靠性评估贾晓霞刘文伟2(1.神木职业技术学院公共课教学部，榆林719300； 2.神木职业技术学院机电工程系，榆林719300)摘要：当前，面对着石化能源日益短缺的压力，电动汽车的推广应用成为解决此问题的主要措施之一。
电动汽车的应用范围逐步增加，为了保证其在极端天气下行驶的安全性，目前多釆用低温环境电动汽车变速器可靠性评估方法对其变速器使用效果进行分析，但此方法由于可靠性模型构建能力较差，导致此方法使用效果不佳。
因此，设计基于层次优化算法的低温环境电动汽车变速器可靠性评估方法。
将低温环境电动汽车变速器的故障情况通过威布尔分布系数体现，估算电动汽车变速器可靠性指标数据。
将变速器失效通过“运行-停运-运行”的形式进行模拟，构建可靠性评估模型。
使用层次优化算法，完成电动汽车变速器可靠性等级划分。
至此，基于层次优化算法的低温环境电动汽车变速器可靠性评估方法设计完成。
通过实验对比可以发现，此方法的评估能力优于原有方法。
在日后电动汽车的开发过程中，可使用此方法完成变速器研究部分。
关键词：层次优化算法；电动汽车；可靠性分析；评估中图分类号：U469.72文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-7204(2021)02-0103-06Reliability Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Transmission in Low Temperature Environment Based on Hierarchical Optimization AlgorithmJIA Xiao-xia1,LIU Wen-wei2(1.Public Teaching Department,Shenmu Vocational and Technical College,Yulin719300；2.Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Department,Shenmu Vocational and Technical College,Yulin719300)Abstract：At present,facing the pressure of petrochemical energy shortage,the promotion and application of electrie vehicles has become one of the main measures to solve this problem.The application scope of electrie vehicles is gradually increasing.In order to ensure the safety of driving in extreme weather,the reliability evaluation method of electrie vehicle transmission in low temperature environment is mostly used to analyze the use effect of transmission.However,due to the poor constmetion ability of reliab订ity model,the use effect of this method is not good.Therefore, the reliability evaluation method of electrie vehicle transmission in low temperature environment based on hierarchical optimization algorithm is designed.The fault condition of electrie vehicle transmission in low temperature environment is reflected by Weibull distribution coefficient,and the reliability index data of electrie vehicle transmission is estima/ted.The transmission failure is simulated in the form of operation shutdown operation”,and the reliability evaluation model is construeted.The hierarchical optimization algorithm is used to complete the reliability classification of electrie vehicle transmission.So far,the design of reliability evaluation method for electrie vehicle transmission in low temperature environment based on hierarchical optimization algorithm is completed.Through the experimentai comparison,it can be found that the evaluation ab订ity of this method is better than the original method.In the future development of electrie vehicles,this method can be used to complete the transmission research.Key words:hierarchical optimization algorithm;electrie vehicle;reliability analysis;evaluation103环境技术/Environmental TechnologyE霊嚮需】Adaptability/环境适应性和可靠性引言在节能环保的国家号召下，发展电动汽车是解决现阶段能源问题的最佳可行方案。
快速确定微电子器件失效激活能及寿命
退化机理的激活能： 373#：Q1＝0.6eV；Q2＝－1.3 eV；Q3＝2.4 eV。 374#：Q1＝0.6eV；Q2＝－1.3 eV； Q3＝2.3 eV。
374＃样品表现出与 372＃样品一致的退化模式。利用
第一段的数据，我们也计算出了这两支样品的正常
使用寿命：
τ373＝3.8×107 (hr)。 τ374＝1.3×107 (hr)。
同样，使用温度斜坡模型，可以计算出每段所对应
可以看出，器件保持单一退化模式直至达到失 效判据，说明采用第一段退化机理的失效激活能外 推器件正常工作条件下的寿命是合理的。
线的斜率
S，由于
S
=
−Q κ
，得到：
Q = −S ×κ
（7）
即得出了激活能 Q。若器件在试验过程中，出现一 个以上的退化机理，则会出现斜率不同的线性段， 就可以得到不同退化机理的激活能和加速退化时 间。
设在试验过程中，由 t1 时刻到 t2 时刻，器件的 特征参数退化到失效判据所引起的器件退化能量 积累为[10]：
ΔM = κA' exp( j n +V m )T 2 exp( − Q )
M0
βQ
κT
上式两边同取对数，得：
ln( ΔM
)=Biblioteka ln C+
− (
Q)
1
T 2M0
κT
（6）
其中 C = κA' exp( j n + V m ) 。 βQ
从（6）式看出，通过描绘
ln( ΔM ) T 2M0
人口统计学6学生
简化(粗略）的计算：不分年龄组
B
W15-49
M15-49
B
CBR = ------- = ---------- x ---------- x ----------
P
P
W15-49
M15-49
↑
↑
↑
W
M
F
育龄妇女比例的变化对出生率变化的作用： W2·M1 ·F1 – W1·M1 ·F1
—
1982年（i=2）
M2j 0.04560
F2j 0.34228
0.54258
0.34321
0.94577
0.23048
0.99131
0.07275
0.99720
0.03131
0.99816
0.01294
0.99849
0.00214
—
—
W2jM2jF2j 0.00096 0.00675 0.00972 0.00252 0.00080 0.00029 0.00005 0.02109
—
W1jM1jF1j 0.00293 0.01007 0.01024 0.00806 0.00530 0.00231 0.00023 0.03914
中国1982人口出生率构成成分
年龄(j)
15~（1） 20~（2） 25~（3） 30~（4） 35~（5） 40~（6） 45~（7）
合计
W2j 0.0613 0.0363 0.0446 0.0349 0.0256 0.0225 0.0222
(三) 生育率中间变量模型
1、影响生育率的因素与作用框架 （Davis & Blake, 1956; Bongaartz, 1982）
心理学专业英语词汇（I3）
心理学专业英语词汇(I3)interim evaluation tests 中期评鉴测验中期评鉴测验interindividual 不同个体间的interindividual difference 个别间差异interindividual variation 个人间变异interiorization 内部化interiorization theory of intellectual activity 智力活动的内部说interjudge reliability 评分者间信度interlist intrusion 系列间侵入interlocking schedule 交接间时刻表intermale aggression 雄性间攻击intermarriage 近族通婚intermedial agent 媒介intermediary 媒介intermediate mechanism 中间机制intermediate memory 中期记忆intermediate needs 中间需求intermediate type 中间型intermediate value 中间值intermission 间歇期intermittence 间歇intermittence reinforcement 间断强化intermittence tone 间歇声intermittent 间歇的intermittent insomnia 间歇失眠intermittent noise 间歇噪声intermittent processing 间断处理intermittent reinforcement 间断强化intermittent schedule 间歇时间表intermittent sound 间歇音intermittent tone 间歇声intermittentence 间歇intermodal effect 通道间效应intermodality phenomena 通道间现象internal 内在的internal activity 内部活动internal attribution 内向归因internal capsule 内囊internal cause 内因internal character 内在性格internal clock 生物钟internal conflict 内在冲突internal consistency 内部一致性internal consistency reliability 内部一致性信度internal control 内控internal conversion 内变换internal counter 内部计数器internal counting 内心计量internal diversity 内部差异internal ear 内耳internal environment 内环境internal experience 内在经验internal factor 内部因素internal health locus of control 内部健康控制点internal imagery 内部表象internal inhibition 内抑制internal intelligibility 内在可理解性internal load 内部负荷internal locus of control 内控点internal logic 内在逻辑internal mental process 内在心理过程internal milieu 内环境internal model 内部模式internal motivation 内在动机internal need 内在需求internal noise 内部噪声internal perfecting principle 内在完善原理internal rectus 内直肌internal reinforcement 内在强化internal relation 内在联系internal representation 内在表征internal reward 内在奖赏internal secretion 内分泌internal secretory gland 内分泌腺internal sensation 内部感觉internal sense 内部感觉internal speech 内部言语internal stimulus 内部刺激internal validation 内在效度法internal validity 内在效度internal world 内在世界internalization 内化internalization of intellectual activity 智力活动的内化internalization theory of values 价值内化论internalized norms 内化规范internalizing syndrome 内化综合症internals 内控者internal external control scale 内外控量表internal external locus of control 内外控制点internal external scale 内外控量表international association for cross cultural psychology 国际跨文化心理学会international association of applied psychology 国际应用心理学会国际应用心理学会international center of genetic epistemology 发生认识论国际中心international classification of diseases 国际疾病分类international council of psychologists 国际心理学家协会international joint ventures 国际合资企业international journal of aviation psychology 国际航空心理学杂志international journal of cognitive ergonomics 国际认知工效学杂志international journal of comparative psychology 国际比较心理学杂志international journal of mental health 国际心理卫生杂志international man 国际人international management 国际化管理international neurological association 国际神经病学会international pitch 国际音高international psychoanalytical association 国际精神分析学会international psychology 国际心理学international society of sports psychology 国际运动心理学会international standardization organization 国际标准化组织international testing commission 国际测验委员会international union of psychological science 国际心理科学联合会internecine 自相残杀的interneuron 中间神经元interneuronal 神经元间的internment 拘留internship 实习生internuncial 联络的internuncial neuron 中间神经元interobserver reliability 观察者间信度interoception 内感作用interoceptive 内受的interoceptive reflex 内感受反射interoceptive stimulus 内感受刺激interoceptive system 内受系统interoceptor 内感受器interocular distance 目间距interocular transfer 眼间迁移interofection 对内反应作用interofective 对内反应的interolivary 脑橄榄体间的interorganizational field 组织间的场interorganizational network 组织间网络组织间网络interorganizational network commitment 组织间网络承诺interosculate 联系interparoxysmal 发作期间的interpenetrating 相互渗透interpenetration 思维渗透interpenetrative 相互渗透的interpersonal 人际的interpersonal accommodation 人际关系调适interpersonal attraction 人际吸引interpersonal behavior 人际行为interpersonal checklist 人际检核表interpersonal choice 人际选择interpersonal choice motive 人际选择动机interpersonal cognition 人际认知interpersonal communication 人际沟通interpersonal comparison process 人际比较过程interpersonal competence 人际能力interpersonal concordance 人际和谐interpersonal conflict 人际冲突interpersonal consumption 人际内耗interpersonal distance 人际距离interpersonal exclusion 人际排斥interpersonal expectancy effect 人际期待效应interpersonal fusion 人际融合interpersonal interaction 人际相互作用人际相互作用interpersonal maturity scale 人际成熟度人际成熟度interpersonal perception 人际知觉interpersonal psychotherapy 人际关系心理治疗interpersonal relation 人际关系interpersonal relation disturbance 人际关系障碍interpersonal relation psychology 人际关系心理学interpersonal relation study 人际关系研究interpersonal relationship 人际关系interpersonal roles of management 管理的人际角色interpersonal roles of managers 管理者的人际角色interpersonal skill 社交技巧interpersonal skills 人际技能interpersonal theory 人际关系理论interpersonal therapy 人际关系治疗interpersonal trust 人际信任interphase 中间期interplay 相互作用interplexiform cell 网状层间细胞interpolated activity 插入活动interpolation 内插法interposition 内插interpret 解析interpret apprehensive level of teaching 教学的讲解水平interpretability 可解释性interpretation 释义interpretation of dreams 释梦interpretation delusion 释义妄想interpreter reliability 解释者间信度interpretive therapy 解说性治疗interproblem learning 问题间学习interpsychological 心理之间的interpsychology 人际心理学interpupillary distance 瞳孔间距interquartile range 四分位数间距interrater agreement 评判间一致性interrater reliability 评判间信度interrelation analysis 相互关系分析interrelationship study 相互关系研究interresponse time 反应间距interrogate 审讯interrogation 审讯interrogation posture 审讯态势interrogational 审讯的interrogator 审讯者interrogatory 讯问的interrogatrix 女审讯者interrogee 被审讯者interrole conflict 角色间冲突interrupt 间断interrupted induced shock 断续速应电震interrupted time series design 断续时间系列设计interrupter 断续器interruption tone 间歇音intersensory perception 多感官知觉interseptal 隔间interserial intrusion 系列间侵入intersex 雌雄间体intersexuality 雌雄间性intersexuality 阴阳人intersignal interval 信号间距interspace 间隙interspecies aggression 种间侵犯行为interspike interval 峰电位间距interstimulus interval 刺激间距刺激间距interstitial 间隙的intertone 中间音intertribal interval 练习间距intertribal interval effect 试验间隔效应试验间隔效应interval 间距interval analysis 区间分析interval between generations 代沟interval effect 间隔效应interval estimation 区间估计interval measure 区间测量interval of time 时段interval of uncertainty 不肯定间距interval reinforcement 时距强化interval reinforcement schedule 时距强化方式interval sampling 间隔抽样interval scale 等距量表interval timer 间隔报时器intervene 干预intervening 中介intervening mechanism 中介机制intervening variable 中介变量intervention 干预intervention capacity 干预能力intervention level 干预水平interview 访谈interview 面谈interview bias 调查偏误interview counseling 面谈咨询interview group psychotherapy 面谈团体心理治疗法interview method 交谈法interview survey 访问调查interview techniques 面谈技巧interview therapy 面谈治疗法interviewee 受访者interviewer 访谈员interviewer bias 访谈员偏差interviewer effect 访谈员效应interviewing manual 访谈手册interviewing method 访谈法inter group dynamics 组间动力inter individual difference 个体间差异个体间差inter individual variation 个体间变异个体间变inter item associative strength 项目间联想强度inter personal contact 人际关系inter ratter reliability 评等者间信度inter role conflict 角色间冲突inter stimulus interval 刺激时距刺激时距inter trial interval 赏试时距intima 内膜intimacy 亲密intimacy disorder 亲密感失常intimacy distance 亲近距离intimacy vs isolation conflict 亲密与孤单的矛盾intimate distance 亲近距离intimate speech 亲昵话语intimate zone 亲密区intimation 告知intimidate 威胁intimidator 威吓者intolerance 不容忍intolerance of ambiguity 缺暧昧容忍力缺暧昧容忍力intolerance style 偏执型intonation 语调intonation pattern 语调模式intoxication 中毒intracellular 细胞内的intracephalic 脑内的intraception 内感受作用intracerebellar 小脑内的intracerebral 大脑内的intrachordal 脊索内的intraclass correlation 组内相关intraconscious personality 意识内人格intracranial 颅内的intracranial infection 颅内感染症intractable 难控制的intradermoreaction 皮内反应intradimensional shift 维度内转移intradural 硬膜内的intragroup 群体内的intragyral 脑回内的intraindividual 个体内的intraindividual difference 个别内差intraindividual variation 自身内在变异自身内在变intralaminar nuclei 髓板内核髓板内核intralist intrusion 系统内侵入intramedullary 髓内的intrameningeal 脑脊膜内的intramundane 物质世界的intrant 入会者intranuclear 核内的intranueral 神经内的intraparenchymatous 实质内的intrapontine 脑桥内的intraproblem learning 问题内学习intrapsychic 内心的intrapsychic ataxia 内心运作失调intrapsychic conflict 内心冲突intrapsychic event 内心事件intrapsychical 内心的intrapsychological 心理内的intraretinal 视网膜内的intrarole conflict 角色内冲突intraserial intrusion 系统内侵入intraspinal 脊柱内的intratympanic 鼓室内的intrauterine 子宫内intrauterine device 子宫内装置intrauterine live 出生前生活intravenous injection 静脉内注射intravertebral 脊柱内的intravital 生活期内的intra arachnoid 蛛网膜内的intra attitude organization 态度内组织态度内组织intra aural 耳内的intra generational mobility 代内移动intra ocular 眼内的intra oral 口内的intra orbital 眼眶内的intricacy 错综复杂intrigant 阴谋者intrigue 阴谋intriguing 引起兴趣的intrinsic 内部的intrinsic behavior 内在行为intrinsic change 内在变化intrinsic factor 内在因素intrinsic functional 内在功能intrinsic interest 内发兴趣intrinsic meaning 内在意义intrinsic motivation 内在激励intrinsic motivation of learning 学习的内在动机intrinsic necessity 内在必然性intrinsic reward 内在奖励intrinsic reward satisfaction 内在奖励满足intrinsic validity 内在效度intrinsic variability 固有变异性introception 内感受作用introcontrol 内控introductory 引导的introgression 渐渗现象introjection 投入作用introjection 心力内投introperception 内感受作用intropunitive 自责型intropunitive response 自责反应intropunitiveness 自责introspecies aggression 种间侵犯行为introspection 内省introspectionism 内省主义introspective method 内省法introspective psychology 内省心理学introspective type 内省型introversion 内向性introversion feeling 内倾情绪introversion extroversion 内外倾introversion extroversion questionnaires 内外倾问卷introversive type 内倾型introvert 内向性格introvert type 内向型introvertive 内倾的intrusion 侵入intrusion error 侵扰误差intrusion of personal space 个人空间的侵入intrusion response 侵扰反应intrusive mood 侵入式intuition 直观intuition 直觉intuition leaps 直觉飞跃intuition of subject matter 教材的直观intuition prediction 直觉论断intuition thinking 直觉思维intuition type 直觉型intuitional 直觉的intuitional experience 直觉体验intuitional instruction 直观教学intuitional type of personality 直觉型人格intuitionalism 直觉主义intuition art 直觉艺术intuition expression 直觉表现intuitive activity 直观活动intuitive concept of number 数字直觉观数字直觉观intuitive decision making 直觉决策intuitive forecasting technique 直观预测法intuitive judgment 直观判断intuitive knowledge 直观知识intuitive learning 直观学习intuitive perception 直观知觉intuitive phase 直觉期intuitive thinking 直观思维intuitive thought 直觉思想inutility 无益invade 侵入invalid 无效invalid child 无能儿童invalidism 病残invalidity 缺效度invariability 不变性invariance 不变性invariant 不变的invariant color 不变色invariant factor 不变因素invariant relation 不变关系invasion 侵入invasion of personal space 个人空间入侵invasiveness 侵入力invective 抨击inveigh 申斥invention 创造力invention 发明inventory 调查inventory 量表inventory of personality 人格量表inventory of piaget s development task 青少年认知测验inventory test 调查测验inveracity 不诚实inverse 反的inverse astigmatism 反规性散光inverse correlation 逆相关inverse factor analysis 逆因素分析inverse probability 逆概率inverse proportion 反比例inverse relationship 逆相关inverse sampling 逆抽样inverse temperature 体温颠倒inversion 逆向转化inversion of affect 情感颠倒inversion of affective 情感逆转invert goggles 倒视护目镜invertebrate 无脊椎动物inverted oedipus complex 转换型恋亲情结inverted sadism 逆转施暴狂inverted u hypothesis 逆u型假设inverting lens 逆转眼镜investigating period 调查期间investigation 调查研究investigation group 调查团investigation method 调查法investigation of family budget 家庭收支调查investigation report 调查报告investigation team 调查组investigative assumption 侦查假设investigative experiment 侦查实验investigative psychology 侦查心理学investigative reasoning 侦查推理investigator 调查员investigatory reaction 探究反射investment 投资investment in brains 智力投资investment in education 教育投资investment plan 投资计划investment priority 投资重点investor 投资者inveteracy 根深蒂固invidious 诽谤的invigilate 监考invisible 无形的invisible displacement 隐蔽位移invisible playmate 隐形游伴invitation 邀请invite danger 引起危险inviting 吸引人的invoke 祈求involuntary 不随意的involuntary 非志愿involuntary attention 不随意注意involuntary behavior 非自主行为involuntary contraction 不随意收缩involuntary hospitalization 非自主住院非自主住院involuntary imagination 不随意想象involuntary movement 不随意运动involuntary muscle 不随意肌involuntary reflex 不随意反射involution 衰退involutional 更年期的involutional depression 更年期抑郁involutional melancholia 更年期忧郁症更年期郁病involutional neurosis 更年期神经官能症involutional paranoid psychosis 更年期妄想狂精神病involutional paranoid state 更年期妄想狂状态involutional psychosis 更年期精神病involutional psychotic reaction 更年期忧郁症involvement 投入inward 内在的inward intuition 内心直觉inward world 内心世界inwardness 内在性in basket method 实务法in basket test 实务测试in depth analysis 深入分析in depth investigation 深入调查in group 内群体in serve teacher 在职教师in service 在职的在职的in service training 在职训练iodopsin 视紫蓝质ion 赫尔概念形成实验ion 离子ion 沙利文的人际关系理论ionic event 离子事件ionic flux 离子通量ionizing 离子化iophobia 毒物恐怖症iowa silent reading tests 衣阿华默读测验iowa stuttering scale 衣阿华口吃量表爱阿华口吃量表iowa test of basic skill 衣阿华基本技能测验iowa test of educational development 衣阿华教育发展测验ipat anxiety battery ipat焦虑成套测验ipat humor test of personality ipat性格幽默测验ipsation 自淫ipsative 自比的ipsative approach 自比性研究ipsative measure 自模测量ipsative measurement 自模测量ipsative questionnaire 自比问卷ipsative scale 自比量表ipsative score 自比分数ipsative test 自比测验ipsilateral 同侧的ipsp 抑制性突触后电位iq 智商ir 信息检索irascible 性情暴躁的ireful 愤怒的iridis akinesia 虹膜运动不能iridization 虹晕感觉iris 虹膜irm 先天释放机制ironfisted 残酷的ironic 冷嘲的ironic remarks 讽刺的话irradiance 辐照度irradiation 辐照irradiation 扩散irradiation of excitation 兴奋扩散irradiation of excitatory process 兴奋过程的扩散irradiation of inhibition 抑制扩散irradiation of reflex 反射扩散irrational 无理的irrational fear 非理性恐惧irrational type 非理性型irrationality 无理性irreality 不真实irreality level 非现实水平irreciprocal conductivity 单性传导性irrecognizable 不能认识的irreconcilable 难和解的irrecoverable 不能挽回的irreducible minimum 不可减少的最小值irregular 不规则的irregular astigmatism 不规则散光irregular variation 不正常变动irregularity 不规则irregularity 误差irrelative 无关系的irrelevant 无关系irrelevant cue 无关连线索irrelevant data 无关资料irrelevant dimension 无关连维度irrelevant drive 多余驱力irrelevant factor 无关因素irrelevant variable 无关变量irremediable 不可医治的irremissible 不能原谅的irreparable 不可弥补的irreplaceable 不可替代的irrepressible 压抑不住的irresistible 不可抗拒的irresistible impulse 不可抗拒的冲动irresolution 犹豫不决的irrespective 不顾的irresponsibility 无责任性irretentive 不能保持的irreversibility 不可逆性irreversibility of conduction 传导的不可逆性irreversible 不可逆的irreversible process 不可逆过程irreversible reaction 不可逆反应irritability 兴奋性irritable 应激性的irritable aggression 应激性攻击irritant 刺激性irritate 刺激irritating 使人不愉快的irritation 激怒irt 项目反应理论ishihara test 石原氏色盲测验isi 刺激间距刺激间距isi 刺激时距刺激时距isi 信号间距island of hearing 听岛isobolism 均等兴奋性isochronism 等时性isocortex 新脑皮层isolate 隔离isolated area 孤立区域isolated encephalon 隔离脑isolated forebrain 隔离前脑isolated item 孤立项isolated pathological point 孤立病点isolated star 孤星isolated verbal unit 孤立语isolates 孤立者isolating abstraction 分离的抽象作用isolation 隔离isolation 孤独isolation amentia 隔离性痴愚isolation aphasia 隔离失语症isolation area 隔离区isolation barrier 隔离隔栅isolation effect 孤立效应isolation experiment 隔离实验isolator 隔离者isolux curve 等照度曲线isomerization 同分异构化作用isomers 同分异构体isomorphic 同型的isomorphism 心物同形论isomorphy 同形体isophoria 两眼视线等平isopia 两眼视力相等isopreference curve 等选好曲线isosensitive 等感受性isosensitivity curve 等感受性曲线isosensitivity function 等感受性函数isothermognosis 等温感觉isotope 同位素isotropic 均等的isotropism 均等性isplaysissuable 可争论的issue 争论点issueless 无结果的ist 胰岛素休克治疗法isthmus 峡itch 痒itching 痒item 题目item analysis 项目分析item characteristic curve 项目特征曲线item characteristic function 项目特征函数item content 题目内容item development 题目编写item difficulty 项目难度item difficulty index 试题难度指数item discriminating power 项目辨别力item discrimination 项目辨别度item discrimination index 试题鉴别指数item moderation 试题调整item pool 题库item response theory 项目反应理论item sampling 题目抽样item scaling 量表试题定位item selection 试题选择item validity 试题效度item validity 项目效度item weighting 试题加权itemized record 详细记录item and arrangement 项目和配列item total correlation 项目总分相关item total reliability 项目总分信度iterate 重复iteration 重复iteration technique 反复研究法iterative 重复的iterative estimation 重复渐进估计法iterative maximum likelihood estimation 重复最大相似性估计iterative search techniques 叠代法iterative solution 重复解答iti 赏试时距itln 髓板内核itv 教学电视ity 内外之合说iv 自变量ivi 重要值指数ivity 智力活动内化说iv×sv design自变量×被试变量设计i e scale 内外控量表i thou confrontation 你我对抗i thou relationship 你我关系。
某型舰载电子产品小子样可靠性评估研究
现代电子技术Modern Electronics TechniqueJan. 2024Vol. 47 No. 22024年1月15日第47卷第2期0 引 言在装备研制过程中，产品可靠性评估经常会遇到不同环境条件下可靠性信息折算与综合问题，解决这类问题的关键是确定产品的环境因子[1‐5]。
本文通过引入环境因子的概念，将不同环境条件下产生的试验数据通过环境因子进行折合，转化为同一环境条件下的数据信息进行分析。
环境因子法可以有效综合产品不同环境下的可靠性信息，使可利用的可靠性数据信息更加充分，可靠性评估结果更加准确。
环境因子指的是装备在某种环境条件下的可靠性特征量与基准环境条件下的可靠性特征量之比，主要用来对产品在不同环境下的可靠性信息进行折算与综合[6]。
目前，对环境因子的研究方法基本可分为基于统计推断和基于预计技术两类[7]。
本文提出一种基于手册预计法的环境因子计算方法，该方法的基本思路是根据预计手册中提供的元件数据计算电子设备在不同环境下的失效率，根据一定的计算原则来获得相应的环境DOI ：10.16652/j.issn.1004‐373x.2024.02.016引用格式：刘超然，李天辰，李磊，等.某型舰载电子产品小子样可靠性评估研究[J].现代电子技术，2024，47（2）：85‐88.某型舰载电子产品小子样可靠性评估研究刘超然1， 李天辰2， 李 磊2， 王 陶1， 吴超云1（1.广电计量检测集团股份有限公司， 广东 广州 510656； 2.中国人民解放军92578部队， 北京 100161）摘 要： 可靠性评估是对产品可靠性水平进行评价，对产品可靠性要求进行验证的重要方法与手段。
为解决装备研制过程中遇到的小子样可靠性评估问题，引入环境因子和信息融合的概念，提出一种确定环境因子的方法和步骤。
首先，给出指数分布产品基于手册预计法的环境因子计算方法和步骤；然后，结合工程实例展示了产品环境因子具体的计算过程；最后，借助环境因子达到了不同环境条件下可靠性数据信息融合的目的，实现了产品的可靠性综合评估，解决了产品小子样可靠性评估的问题。
新高考一卷英语试题
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如高改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the speakers do next?A. Check the map.B. Leave the restaurant.C. Park the car.2. Where are the speakers?A. At a bus stop.B. At home.C. At the airport.3. What did the speakers do last week?A. They had a celebration dinner.B. They went to see a newborn baby.C. They sent a mail to their neighbors.4. Why does the man make the phone call?A. To cancel a weekend trip.B. To make an appointment.C. To get some information.5. What does the man probably want to do?A. Do some exercise.B. Get an extra key.C. Order room service.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
Reliability evaluation device, reliability evaluat
专利名称：Reliability evaluation device, reliability evaluation method, and computer program product
发明人：Kitajima, Hironobu c/o FUJITSU LIMITED,,Ochitani, Ryo c/o FUJITSU LIMITED
申请人：FUJITSU LIMITED 地址：1-1, Kamikodanaka 4-chome, Nakahara-ku Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211-8588 JP 国籍：JP 代理机构：Wilding, Frances Ward 更多信息请下载全文后查看
Байду номын сангаас
申请号：EP 071004 57.6 申请日：20070112 公开号：EP 185794 0A2 公开日：20071121 专利附图：
摘要：A reliability evaluation device (100) includes a route acquiring unit (123) that
acquires a route from a starting point to a verification point of an application procedure as a group of paths indicative of relation between objects used for identity verification at each step based on data that includes the paths, a direction in which information is transferred, and path reliabilities indicative of accuracy of transferring the information, and a verification-point-reliability computing unit (124) that computes reliability of the application procedure at the verification point by multiplying the path reliabilities by the reliability at the starting point.
家庭归属感量表中文版修订及信效度检验
Advances in Social Sciences 社会科学前沿, 2023, 12(8), 4380-4386 Published Online August 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/ass https:///10.12677/ass.2023.128598家庭归属感量表中文版修订及信效度检验史 璐内蒙古师范大学心理学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特收稿日期：2023年6月30日；录用日期：2023年7月27日；发布日期：2023年8月7日摘要以大学生为被试对家庭归属感量表(Family Belonging Scale)进行中文版修订并对其信效度进行检验。
探索性因素发现，家庭归属感量表中文版包含了家人支持、家庭氛围、情感依恋、心理相容四个维度，共15个题项，累计方差解释率为64.79%；验证性因素分析发现，家庭归属感量表中文版的四因素模型拟合良好(χ2/df = 1.51, CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.05)；信度检验发现，家庭归属感量表中文版的Cronbach’s α系数在0.62~0.88之间，分半信度在0.61~0.85之间。
这表明家庭归属感量表中文版在大学生群体中具有良好的信效度，并且可以作为研究工具使用。
关键词家庭归属感，信度，效度The Revision of Chinese Version of the Family Belonging Scale and Its Testing of Reliability and ValidityLu ShiSchool of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot Inner MongoliaReceived: Jun. 30th, 2023; accepted: Jul. 27th, 2023; published: Aug. 7th, 2023AbstractThe Chinese version of the family belonging scale was revised with college students as the subjects and its reliability and validity were tested. The explorative factor analysis showed that the Chinese version of the scale of family belonging included 15 items in four dimensions: family support, fam-ily atmosphere, emotional attachment and psychological compatibility, with a cumulative variance explanation rate of 64.79%. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-factor fitting史璐model of the Chinese version of family belonging scale was good (χ2/df = 1.51, CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.05). The reliability test found that the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Chinese version of the family belonging scale was between 0.62 and 0.88, and the half-point reliability was between 0.61 and 0.85. This indicates that the Chinese version of the family be-longing scale has good reliability and validity in college students, and can be used as a research tool.KeywordsFamily Belonging, Reliability, ValidityThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言家庭是儿童最基础和最直接的成长与教育环境[1]。
region - educational research and reviews
region - educational research and reviews Educational research and reviews play a crucial role in shaping educational policies, practices, and interventions. This field focuses on investigating various aspects of education, including teaching methods, curriculum development, learning processes, educational technology, assessment techniques, and student outcomes. Educational research and reviews aim to generate evidence-based knowledge that can inform educational decisions, improve teaching and learning outcomes, and address the needs and challenges of diverse learners.There are several key regions within the field of educational research and reviews:1. Literature Reviews: Literature reviews summarize and critically analyze existing research studies on a specific educational topic. These reviews provide comprehensive overviews of the field, identify research gaps, highlight methodological strengths and limitations, and generate recommendations for future research.2. Evidence-based Practice: This area of educational research focuses on systematically evaluating existing research evidence to identify effective educational practices. Evidence-based practice helps educators make informed decisions about instructional strategies, interventions, and policies that are supported by empirical evidence.3. Policy Research: Policy research examines the impact of educational policies on student outcomes, equity, and system performance. It investigates the implementation and effectivenessof educational policies, identifies policy gaps, and provides recommendations for policy improvements.4. Program Evaluation: Program evaluation assesses the effectiveness and impact of specific educational programs, initiatives, or interventions. Evaluators collect data, analyze program outcomes, and determine whether the program is achieving its intended goals. Program evaluation helps stakeholders make informed decisions about program continuation, modification, or termination.5. Student Assessment: This area focuses on developing and refining assessment tools and techniques to measure student learning outcomes effectively. Researchers investigate the validity, reliability, and fairness of assessments, explore innovative assessment methods (e.g., performance-based assessments, formative assessments), and analyze the impact of assessment practices on teaching and learning.6. Technology in Education: Educational research in this area explores the role of technology in teaching and learning. Researchers investigate the impact of educational technology on student engagement, learning outcomes, and educational equity. They also examine the effectiveness of online learning platforms, digital resources, and educational software.These regions within educational research and reviews aim to provide evidence-based solutions to improve educational practices, address educational challenges, and promote student success. Researchers collaborate with educators, policymakers, and otherstakeholders to ensure that research findings are translated into practical strategies and policies that positively impact the field of education.。
飞行试验阶段航空装备可靠性评估方法
收稿日期：2020-01-16修回日期：2020-02-25基金项目：十三五装备预研基金资助项目（6141B05030105）作者简介：鞠成玉（1987-），男，山东潍坊人，高级工程师，硕士。
研究方向：可靠性、维修性、测试性、保障性、安全性和环境适应性评估等。
*摘要：目前，飞机试飞阶段遇到的情况复杂多样，对于可靠性评估提出了极大的挑战，传统可靠性评估方法在试飞过程中逐渐显得力不从心，因此，通过系统分析不纠正、即时纠正、提前纠正、延迟纠正、部分即时纠正、单设备复杂纠正和多设备复杂纠正等飞机试飞阶段实际遇到的情况，提出了相应的可靠性评估方法，可实现更精确评估试飞阶段飞机的可靠性结果，为工程推广应用奠定了良好的基础。
关键词：飞行试验，可靠性评估，延迟纠正，复杂纠正中图分类号：V417+.3文献标识码：ADOI ：10.3969/j.issn.1002-0640.2021.02.028引用格式：鞠成玉，王守敏，任智勇.飞行试验阶段航空装备可靠性评估方法［J ］.火力与指挥控制，2021，46（2）：163-168.飞行试验阶段航空装备可靠性评估方法*鞠成玉，王守敏，任智勇（中国飞行试验研究院，西安710089）Study on Reliability Evaluation Method ofAviation Equipment in Flight Test StageJU Cheng-yu ，WANG Shou-min ，REN Zhi-yong （Chinese Flight Test Establishment ，Xi ’an 710089，China ）Abstract ：At present ，the situation encountered in the flight test stage of aviation equipment iscomplex and varied ，which presents a great challenge to the reliability evaluation ，and the traditional reliability evaluation method ’s ability gradually appears to be not equal to wishes in the course of flight test ，so non-correction ，immediate correction ，early correction ，delay correction ，partial instant correction ，single -device complex correction ，and multi -device complex correction and other encountered conditions during the flight test stage are analysed.The corresponding reliability assessment method is put forward .The reliability results in the flight test phase of aviation equipment can be assessed more accurately.It has set a good foundation for the popularization and application of the project.Key words ：flight test ，reliability assessment ，delay correction ，complex correction Citation format ：JU C Y ，WANG S M ，REN Z Y.Study on reliability evaluation method of aviation equipment in flight test stage ［J ］.Fire Control &Command Control ，2021，46（2）：163-168.0引言目前，国内在实验室可靠性鉴定试验评估中主要采用GJB899A-2009《可靠性鉴定和验收试验》［1］中定时和定数截尾计算，部分采用序贯试验进行验收，在航空装备飞行试验阶段，可靠性评估采用以复杂产品服从指数分布作为依据进行数据统计的方法，如平均故障间隔飞行小时（Mean Fight Hours Between Failures ，MFHBF ）采用定时截尾的置信下限计算方法，即：（1）文章编号：1002-0640（2021）02-0163-06Vol.46，No.2Feb ，2021火力与指挥控制Fire Control &Command Control 第46卷第2期2021年2月163··（总第46-）火力与指挥控制2021年第2期其中，T为飞行时间，α为选定的显著水平，γ为累计关联故障数。
大学生核心自我评价硕士研究生毕业论文格式4·21正式李玉环
摘要核心自我评价是Judge与1997提出的一个关于人格特质的概念，涵盖了自尊、效能感、情绪稳定性、内外控四个维度。
由于核心自我评价是“人们潜意识所持有的最基准的自我评价”，对个体具有重要意义，近年来相关研究不断增多。
在文献综述、开放式调查及个别访谈基础上，编制了大学生核心自我评价的正式问卷。
并以此为工具，展开了关于大学生核心自我评价的实验研究及培养研究，得到的主要结果有：（1）自编的大学生核心自我评价问卷包含参照点、自我效能、情绪性、自尊、自我控制力五个维度，问卷共21个条目。
（2）大学生核心自我评价问卷的信度、效度检验表明，本问卷具有较好的内部一致性信度、内容效度、结构效度与校标效度，可以作为调查、研究大学生核心自我评价的适宜工具。
（3）大学生核心自我评价在性别上没有显著差异，在专业、年级、是否班干部上达到了显著水平，文科生核心自我评价参照点维度显著高于理科生，大二学生核心自我评价效能感维度显著高于大一学生。
班干部的核心自我评价除情绪性外显著高于非班干部学生。
（4）大学生的核心自我评价影响其在不同情境中的表现。
核心自我评价在期望值以及正确率上存在主效应，在期望值上与情境有交互作用。
（5）团体辅导与心理健康课程对提高大学生核心自我评价均有一定的效果，团体辅导有效提高了大学生核心自我评价的自尊水平，并具有一定长时效果。
但需要长期、系统的培养才能有更好的效果。
关键词：大学生；核心自我评价；核心自我评价结构；问卷AbstractCore self-evaluation is one concept of personality traits proposed by Judge in 1997, which covers self-esteem, sense of efficacy, emotional stability, locus of control four dimensions. Core self-evaluation is "the most benchmark self-assessment hold by people in subconscious" and it is important to individual, so the relative research continues to grow in recent years. Based on literature reviews, open-ended questionnaires and individual interviews, the author worked out a formal questionnaire of core self-evaluation of university students, and conducted the experimental research and intervention research of university students' core self-evaluation. The results are showed as follows: (1) The questionnaire of university students' core self-evaluation contained five multi-dimensions including reference point, self-efficacy, emotional, self-esteem, and self control, containing 21 aitmes.(2) Reliability and validity testing of university students' core self-evaluation has shown that this questionnaire has good internal consistency reliability, content validity, construct validity and reliability, thus it can be used as a appropriate tools for investigation and research of university students' core self-evaluation.(3) University students' core self-evaluation has no significant difference in gender, but significant in specialty, grade, class cadre. Arts students have higher reference point dimension than sciences students, sophomores have higher self-efficacy dimension than freshmen, class leaders has significant core self-evaluation compared with non-class cadres students except the sentiment aspect.(4) University students' core self-evaluation affects student's performance in different situations. Core self-evaluation has main effect in the expected value as well as the accuracy, and has correlation between the expected value and the situation.(5) Group counseling and psychologically healthy curriculum had certain effects on improving university students' core self-evaluation. Group counseling method raised the level of university students' self-respect effectively, and had certain long-term effect. But it needed long-term and system's intervention to obtain a better effect.Keywords: College student;Coreself-evaluation; Core self-evaluation structure; questionnaire目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第1章文献综述........................................................................................................ - 1 -1.1前言 ................................................................................................................ - 1 -1.2核心自我评价的含义.............................................................................................. - 1 -1.3核心自我评价的结构.............................................................................................. - 2 -1.4核心自我评价的测量.............................................................................................. - 3 -1.5核心自我评价的国外研究动态 ................................................................................. - 4 -1.6核心自我评价在国内研究动态 ................................................................................. - 5 -1.7存在问题与不足.................................................................................................... - 8 -第2章研究设计.................................................................................................... - 11 -2.1研究目的与假设.................................................................................................. - 11 -2.2研究方法 ........................................................................................................... - 11 -2.3研究的程序和步骤............................................................................................... - 12 -2.4统计分析 ........................................................................................................... - 12 -2.5研究意义 ........................................................................................................... - 12 -第3章访谈调查与开放式问卷................................................................................... - 15 -3.1目的.................................................................................................................. - 15 -3.2方法.................................................................................................................. - 15 -3.3结果与分析 ........................................................................................................ - 16 -3.4大学生核心自我评价问卷的理论构想...................................................................... - 16 -第4章预测问卷的探索性因素分析........................................................................... - 19 -4.1研究目的 ........................................................................................................... - 19 -4.2研究方法 ........................................................................................................... - 19 -4.3结果与分析 ........................................................................................................ - 20 -4.4问卷的信度检验.................................................................................................. - 24 -4.5问卷的效度检验.................................................................................................. - 24 -4.6大学生核心自我评价的一般特点............................................................................ - 27 -第5章大学生核心自我评价的实验研究..................................................................... - 29 -5.1研究目的 ........................................................................................................... - 30 -5.2研究假设 ........................................................................................................... - 30 -5.3方法.................................................................................................................. - 30 -5.4结果.................................................................................................................. - 32 -5.5讨论.................................................................................................................. - 36 -第6章大学生核心自我评价的培养........................................................................... - 37 -6.1研究目的与研究假设............................................................................................ - 37 -6.2研究方法 ........................................................................................................... - 37 -6.3研究程序 ........................................................................................................... - 41 -6.4结果分析 ........................................................................................................... - 42 -6.5质性资料的效果评估............................................................................................ - 46 -6.6讨论.................................................................................................................. - 48 -第7章分析与讨论................................................................................................. - 51 -7.1大学生核心自我评价的结构 .................................................................................. - 51 -7.2确立的大学生核心自我评价结构与中国文化背景的关系............................................. - 51 -7.3大学生核心自我评价的一般状况............................................................................ - 52 -7.4核心自我评价的实验............................................................................................ - 53 -7.5核心自我评价的培养效果 ..................................................................................... - 54 -7.6本文创新及未来的研究方向 .................................................................................. - 58 -7.7本文的不足 ........................................................................................................ - 59 -第8章总的结论.................................................................................................... - 61 -参考文献................................................................................................................. - 63 -附录...................................................................................................................... - 67 -致谢...................................................................................................................... - 95 -攻读学位期间取得的科研成果清单............................................................................... - 97 -第1章文献综述1.1前言国外学者Judge根据在职业领域的研究结果及Packer的评价理论提出了“核心自我评价”理论。
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ISSN1751-8687
systems
IET Gener.Transm.Distrib.,2009,Vol.3,Iss.8,pp.783–791783 doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0639&The Institution of Engineering and Technology2009
784IET Gener.Transm.Distrib.,2009,Vol.3,Iss.8,pp.783–791
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Figure1ESWE against wind capacity when wind dispatch
is restricted to afixed percentage of the system load
increases as wind farm capacity is increased above63MW. IET Gener.Transm.Distrib.,2009,Vol.3,Iss.8,pp.783–791785 doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0639&The Institution of Engineering and Technology2009
Figure2System model for a wind-conventional generating
system including energy storage
786IET Gener.Transm.Distrib.,2009,Vol.3,Iss.8,pp.783–791 &The Institution of Engineering and Technology2009doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0639
Figure3Effect of wind farm location on the LOLE
IET Gener.Transm.Distrib.,2009,Vol.3,Iss.8,pp.783–791787 doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0639&The Institution of Engineering and Technology2009
Figure4Effect of charging/discharging constraints of
energy storage on the LOLE
788IET Gener.Transm.Distrib.,2009,Vol.3,Iss.8,pp.783–791 &The Institution of Engineering and Technology2009doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0639
Figure5Effect of energy storage capacity on the LOLE
IET Gener.Transm.Distrib.,2009,Vol.3,Iss.8,pp.783–791789 doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0639&The Institution of Engineering and Technology2009
6Conclusions
Figure 6Effect of wind energy dispatch restriction on the LOLE
Figure 7Effect of wind energy dispatch restriction on the LOEE
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&The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2009
doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0639
IET Gener.Transm.Distrib.,2009,Vol.3,Iss.8,pp.783–791791 doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0639&The Institution of Engineering and Technology2009。