The_Great_Depression(1)
GREAT DEPRESSION(美国1920年的经济危机)
By 1914, most developed countries had adopted the gold standard with a fixed exchange rate between the national currency and gold—and therefore between national currencies. In World War I, European nations went off the gold standard to print money, and the resulting price inflation drove large amounts of the world’s gold to banks in the United States. The United States remained on the gold standard without altering the gold value of the dollar. Investors and others who held gold sent their gold to the United States, where gold maintained its value as a safe and sound investment. At the end of World War I, a few countries, most notably the United States, continued on the gold standard while others temporarily adopted floating exchange rates. The world’s international finance center had shifted from London to New York City, and the British were anxious to regain their old status. Some countries pledged to return to the gold standard with devalued currencies, while others followed the British lead and aimed to return to gold at prewar exchange rates.
the great depression名词解释
The Great DepressionIntroductionThe Great Depression is considered one of the most significant economic downturns in the history of the United States and the Western world. Lasting from 1929 to the late 1930s, this severe economic crisis hadfar-reaching consequences not only for the American economy but also for global economies. In this article, we will explore the causes, impact, and legacy of the Great Depression.Causes of the Great Depression1.Stock Market Crash of 1929:–The economic turmoil began with the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, also known as Black Tuesday.–Stock prices plummeted, leading to a massive loss of wealth for investors and the collapse of many banks.2.Overproduction and Underconsumption:–The 1920s witnessed rapid industrialization and an increase in production capacity.–However, wages did not rise at the same pace, leading to a growing gap between the rich and the poor.–As a result, a significant portion of the population could not afford to buy the goods produced, leading tooverproduction and a decline in demand.3.Decline in Agricultural Prices:–Farmers, already grappling with overproduction and falling prices in the 1920s, were hit hard during the GreatDepression.–The Dust Bowl phenomenon worsened the situation, as severe droughts and soil erosion devastated farmlands in theMidwest.4.Bank Failures and Credit Crunch:–The stock market crash resulted in many banks suffering significant losses.–People began to panic and withdrew their money from banks, leading to a wave of bank runs and subsequent bank failures.–The lack of credit availability further exacerbated the economic crisis.Impact of the Great Depression1.Unemployment and Poverty:–The Great Depression resulted in soaring unemployment rates, with nearly 25% of Americans without jobs during the peak ofthe crisis.–Many families fell into poverty, struggling to meet their basic needs and facing homelessness.2.Business Failures:–Numerous businesses, both large and small, collapsed during the Great Depression.–The combination of decreased demand, credit shortages, and financial instability led to widespread bankruptcies.3.Global Economic Contraction:–The economic decline in the United States spread to other countries, with international trade shrinking significantly.–Countries heavily dependent on exports, such as Germany, experienced severe economic downturns.4.Social and Psychological Impact:–The Great Depression had a profound impact on individuals’ mental well-being.–Suicide rates increased, and there was a general feeling of hopelessness and despair among the population.Government Response and Recovery Efforts1.The New Deal:–President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented a series of economic relief and reform measures known as the New Deal.–The New Deal aimed to provide immediate relief to those suffering, stimulate economic recovery, and implement long-term reforms to prevent future crises.2.Expansion of Government Intervention:–The Great Depression marked a turning point in the role of government in the economy.–The federal government took on a more active role,implementing regulations, creating social safety nets, andpromoting economic stability.3.Public Works Projects:–The New Deal included various public works projects, such as the construction of infrastructure, aimed at creating jobsand stimulating economic growth.4.World War II:–The outbreak of World War II ultimately ended the Great Depression.–The war stimulated industrial production and createdemployment opportunities, pulling the economy out of thedepression.Legacy of the Great Depression1.Regulatory Reforms:–The Great Depression led to the establishment of financial regulations to prevent another economic catastrophe.–The Glass-Steagall Act, for example, separated commercial and investment banking and created the Federal DepositInsurance Corporation (FDIC) to safeguard bank deposits.2.Social Security System:–The Social Security Act, enacted during the New Deal,established the foundation for the American social securitysystem.–It aimed to provide economic security for the elderly, unemployed, and disabled through various financialassistance programs.3.Lessons Learned:–The Great Depression highlighted the importance ofgovernment intervention during economic crises.–It paved the way for a better understanding of monetary and fiscal policies’ role in stabilizing the economy.4.Economic Research and Analysis:–The Great Depression prompted economists to delve deeper into understanding the causes, effects, and potentialsolutions to economic downturns.–The field of macroeconomics emerged, leading to thedevelopment of new theories and models.ConclusionThe Great Depression remains a significant event in world history, leaving an indelible mark on economies, governments, and society as a whole. Its causes, devastating impact, and subsequent government response shaped economic policies for decades to come. Although lessons were learned, the scars of the Great Depression serve as a constant reminder of the fragility of the global economy and the need for prudent and proactive measures to prevent future crises.。
经济大萧条的英语
经济大萧条的英语The Great Depression was a severe and prolonged economic downturn that affected much of the world in the 1930s. It began in the United States and spread to other countries, leading to widespread unemployment, poverty, and social upheaval. The causes of the Great Depression are complex and multifaceted, but they can be broadly attributed to a combination of factors, including overproduction, excessive speculation, and a lack of effective government intervention.One of the primary causes of the Great Depression was the overproduction of goods and services in the 1920s. During this period, technological advancements and increased productivity led to a surge in the supply of consumer goods, but the demand did not keep pace. As a result, prices began to fall, and businesses were forced to cut costs, leading to layoffs and reduced consumer spending.Another significant factor was the excessive speculation in the stock market. In the 1920s, many people invested in stocks, often usingborrowed money, in the hopes of making quick profits. This created a bubble in the stock market, which eventually burst in October 1929, leading to a massive sell-off and a steep decline in stock prices. The stock market crash had a ripple effect throughout the economy, as businesses and individuals lost their savings and were unable to invest or spend money.The lack of effective government intervention also contributed to the severity and duration of the Great Depression. At the time, the prevailing economic philosophy was that the government should not interfere in the free market, and that the economy would eventually correct itself. However, this approach proved to be ineffective, as the government failed to take decisive action to stimulate the economy and provide relief to the millions of people who were suffering from the effects of the depression.The impact of the Great Depression was felt across the globe, with many countries experiencing similar economic downturns. In the United States, the unemployment rate reached as high as 25%, and millions of people were forced to rely on soup kitchens and other forms of government assistance to survive. The effects of the depression were particularly severe for farmers, who faced falling crop prices and widespread foreclosures on their land.Despite the hardships of the Great Depression, there were somepositive outcomes that emerged from the crisis. The experience of the depression led to a greater understanding of the role of government in the economy, and it paved the way for the implementation of policies and programs designed to prevent similar economic downturns in the future. The New Deal, a series of domestic programs and reforms introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was a particularly significant response to the crisis, and it helped to stabilize the economy and provide relief to those in need.The Great Depression also had a significant impact on the social and political landscape of the time. In many countries, the economic hardship and social upheaval led to the rise of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, as people sought strong leaders who could provide a sense of stability and security. In the United States, the depression also led to a greater awareness of the need for social welfare programs and the importance of government intervention in the economy.Overall, the Great Depression was a complex and multifaceted event that had a profound and lasting impact on the world. While the causes of the depression were varied and interconnected, the lack of effective government intervention and the excessive speculation in the stock market were two of the primary drivers of the crisis. The experience of the depression has shaped the way we think about the role of government in the economy and has led to the developmentof policies and programs designed to prevent similar economic downturns in the future.。
美国经济大萧条英文
美国经济大萧条英文The Great Depression: A Dark Period in American Economic HistoryIntroduction:The Great Depression was one of the most devastating economic crises in American history. It occurred during the 1930s and had a profound impact on the lives of millions of Americans. This article will explore the causes, consequences, and the government's response to the Great Depression.Causes of the Great Depression:1. Stock Market Crash: The stock market crash of 1929 is often cited as the trigger for the Great Depression. On October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday, stock prices plummeted, leading to a collapse in confidence among investors. This event marked the beginning of the economic downturn.2. Overproduction and Underconsumption: The 1920s saw an era of excess, with rapid industrialization and mass production of goods. However, many ordinary Americans did not have the purchasing power to keep up with the pace, resulting in a surplus of goods and a decline in demand.3. Credit Expansion and Speculation: During the 1920s, there was a rapid expansion of credit, enabling people to borrow more money. This encouraged speculation, particularly in the stock market and real estate. When the market crashed, many people were left with substantial debts and no means to repay them.Consequences of the Great Depression:1. Massive Unemployment: As businesses went bankrupt and factories shut down, millions of Americans lost their jobs. Unemployment rates skyrocketed, reaching nearly 25% at the height of the depression. Many families faced severe poverty and struggled to provide for their basic needs.2. Bank Failures: The economic downturn took a toll on the banking sector as well. Lack of confidence led to a wave of bank runs, where panicked customers withdrew their deposits. Consequently, many banks failed, wiping out the savings of countless individuals and exacerbating the economic crisis.3. Dust Bowl: The Great Depression coincided with a severe drought in the Midwest known as the Dust Bowl. Widespread soil erosion and dust storms destroyed crops and caused mass migration from rural farming areas to cities, adding to the already high levels of unemployment and poverty.Government Response:1. New Deal: In response to the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal, a series of economic stimulus programs. It aimed to create jobs, provide relief to the poor, and reform the financial system. Programs such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Social Security Administration (SSA) were established under the New Deal.2. Bank and Financial Reforms: The government implemented measures to stabilize the financial sector and restore public confidence. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured bank deposits and prevented future bank runs.3. Regulation and Expansion of Government Power: The Great Depression prompted a significant expansion of government intervention in the economy. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established to regulate the stock market, and the Federal Reserve was given greater authority to manage monetary policy to prevent future economic crises.Conclusion:The Great Depression was a period of immense hardship and suffering for the American people. It resulted from a combination of factors, including the stock market crash, overproduction, and excessive credit expansion. The consequences of the Great Depression were far-reaching, leading to high unemployment rates, bank failures, and mass poverty. However, it also sparked significant government intervention and the implementation of programs that aimed to alleviate economic distress. The lessons learned from this dark period in American economic history continue to shape economic policies today.。
美国大萧条资料
罗斯福新政拯救美国
扩张财政政策刺激经济 复苏
1 、通过大力推进基础设施建设 , 增加固定
资产投资来缓解有效需求不足、劳动力供 给过剩的局面 2、对失业人群实行临时救济
罗斯福新政拯救美国
扶持工、农业发展
1 、农业调整法实行减产、缩减耕地面积 ,
以此保证农产品价格，农民减产的损失由 国家通过征收加工税给予补贴 2 、颁布一系列法令给农民低利信用贷款 , 照顾他们的实际困难,给农民的生活和农业 的生产提供了极大的帮助 3 、全国工业复兴法为工人创造就业 , 提高 购买力,取缔企业间的不良竞争。以工代赈 方针使闲散的工人得以就业而无需增加政 府负担,并使大规模的建设计划得以实施。
的虚假繁荣。这种繁荣不是社会实际消费能力的增长，而是一种提前消费 的形式，随之而来的必然是消费的疲软。而资本家为眼前利润驱使，盲目 扩大生产，使得生产和市场的矛盾日益尖锐。
纽约股市崩盘
无限制的股票投机活动 当时美国的股票投机活动非常猖獗，不但职业投机者，一些普通的美国人
也参与股票的投机，把它作为致富的捷径。人们不但把自己的积蓄全部投 入，甚至向银行贷款购买股票，结果造成这一时期股票价格被大幅度哄抬， 发展到令人难以相信的极端，股票以其帐面价值的 3倍到20 倍的价格卖出， 这就大大增加了金融市场的不稳定性，为货币和信贷系统的崩溃埋下了隐 患。
纽约股市崩盘
政府的错误管制 1、美联储从1929年实行过于严厉的紧缩银根政策来抑制过度投机。
2 、危机发生时，美联储没有扩大货币供应量来增加市场资金的流动性，
结果使大量银行倒闭，资金链断裂，货币量急剧萎缩。
3 、美联储降低名义利率，但考虑到严重的通货紧缩因素，实际利率在不
断上升，起到紧缩货币的作用。
The Great Depression of the United States
1927 年，纽约股市掀起了第一轮狂潮。这一年，股票交易额达到了破天荒的 5.75亿股。在1928年年初的几周里，证券市场已成强弩之末，显现出崩盘的隐 患。但柯立芝总统和美国财政部采取欺骗宣传的方法，使得股市得以暂时平静。 1928年3月初，随着纽约股市实力最强的一批投机商大批买进美国通用汽车公 司和无线电公司的股票，新一轮投机行为疯狂扩散，股票价格再次疯狂暴涨。
爆发原因
1．危机爆发的原因
①根本原因：1929～1933年世界性经济大危机的产生不是偶然的，它的根本原因在 于资本主义生产的社会性和生产成果的私人占有性的矛盾的恶性发展。这就是我们常 说的社会化大生产和生产资料私人占有之间的矛盾，也就是资本主义制度的基本矛盾。 ②直接原因：首先，美国20年代的繁荣建立在不稳定的基础上，少数垄断组织控制着 国家的经济命脉，这就造成国民收入分配不均，贫富差距越来越大。 第二，分期付款和银行信贷刺激了市场的虚假繁荣。 第三，无限制的股票投机活动。
从1935年开始的第二期“新政”，在第一阶段的基础上，着重通过社会保险法 案、全国劳工关系法案、公用事业法案等法规，以立法的形式巩固新政成果。 制定了《社会保险法》，法律规定，凡年满65岁退休的工资劳动者，根据不同 的工资水平，每月可得10至85美元的养老金。 1937年10月12日，罗斯福再次提出，直到1938年6月14日通过。这就是《公 平劳动标准法》（又称《工资工时法》） 到1939年，罗斯福总统实施的新政取得了巨大的成功。
消极影响
曼哈顿六号大街某职业介绍所招聘 300人，确实有5000人来应聘。华盛顿州确 实有人到树林里放火，为的是人家能雇他当救火员。 30年代初期，迁居国外的人数年年超过迁入的。
The_Great_Depression
About Franklin D. Roosevelt
Born in 1882 at Hyde Park, New York--now a national historic site--he attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School. On St. Patrick's Day, 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt. He won election to the New York Senate in 1910. President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920.As the war drew to a close, Roosevelt's health deteriorated, and on April 12, 1945, while at Warm Springs, Georgia, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage.
About the New Deal
1、What is the New Deal? 2、The first hundred days 3、Reforms 4、Recession of 1937 and recovery 5、World War II and the end of the Great Depression
C a use s of the G re a t D e pre ssion T he re we re m ultiple ca use s for the first downturn in 1929. T he se include the structura l we a kne sse s a nd spe cific e ve nts tha t turne d it into a m a jor de pre ssion a nd the m a nne r in w hich the dow nturn spre a d from country to country.
关于经济衰退的书
关于经济衰退的书1.《大萧条》（TheGreatDepression）作者：约翰·凯纳斯（JohnKennethGalbraith）这本经典之作详细描述了1929年至1939年期间的大萧条，探讨了导致经济衰退的诸多因素，并提供了对冲经济不景气的政策建议。
2.《经济学原理》（PrinciplesofEconomics）作者：尼格尔·马塞尔（N.GregoryMankiw）这是一本广泛使用的经济学入门教材，其中一些章节涉及了经济周期和衰退的原因和影响。
它以生动的语言解释了复杂的经济理论，适合初学者阅读。
3.《愤怒的葡萄》（TheGrapesofWrath）作者：约翰·斯坦贝克（JohnSteinbeck）这是一部小说，以大萧条时期美国农民的困境为背景，描绘了恶劣经济环境下人们的生活。
这本书通过一个家庭的故事，展示了经济衰退对普通人的心理和物质生活的影响。
4.《黑天鹅》（TheBlackSwan）作者：纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布（NassimNicholasTaleb）尽管这本书主要讨论了统计学和不确定性的问题，但它也对经济衰退和金融崩溃进行了深入的探讨。
作者认为，经济衰退是黑天鹅事件的结果，这些意外事件在经济学中很难预测和解释。
5.《资本主义的生命周期》（TheLifeCycleofCapitalism）作者：约瑟夫·A·熊彼特（JosephA.Schumpeter）这本书提出了“创新破坏”理论，认为经济衰退是资本主义发展过程中不可避免的一部分。
作者描述了经济衰退如何通过技术进步和市场变革为经济创造新的增长机会。
6.《我们如何遭受经济危机》（HowWeGotintoThisMess）作者：乔治·A·阿克洛夫（GeorgeA.Akerlof）和罗伯特·J·希勒（RobertJ.Shiller）这本书探讨了金融危机和经济衰退的根源，并提供了对应对经济危机的建议。
12 The Great Depression
• Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson had made similar reforms in the Progressive Movement.
The Great Depression
• The U.S. economy recovered continuously after 1933.
Stock Market Crash in 1929
Sept. 3, 1929
DJIA：381.17
July 8, 1929 DJIA：41.22
The Great Depression
Herbert Hoover The 31st U.S. President (1929-1933)
President Hoover decided that the best thing to do would be to wait and hope that things got better… He was not very popular…
another depression.
The First Hundred Days
FDR worked quickly in his first 100 days as president. Over 70 bills were passed by the Congress.
• • • • • • • •
“Alphabet Soup”
Presidential Election in 1936
Opposition of the New Deal
• In 1935, New Deal critics were becoming more numerous and vocal. Congressmen, including the Republicans, even some Democrats, had overcome the initial panic and were becoming more fiscally conservative as Roosevelt’s deficit spending soared.
Great-depression大萧条时期简介
• Businesses and farms were productive, but people lacked the purchasing power to buy goods
Low factory wages & Drop in farm income Underconsumption
Easy Credit
Roosevelt’s team claimed that "the nation's greatest problems were rooted in the structure of modern industrial capitalism".
For Hoover, the Depression was international in origin and any attempt to combat it must be international as well
• “by almost any standard, the United States [in the 1930s] was in its worst crisis since the Civil War”
---- American historian Robert McElvaine
Brief introduction
Start of the Great Depression
• The depression originated in the U.S., starting with the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929 and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). • Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929 DJIA declined 13%. Investors panicked and dumped an unprecedented 16 million shares.
1929~1933年资本主义世界经济危机
$1000
$ 10000
银行借贷
股票价值
股票下跌，会有什么样的连锁反应？
$ 9000
借资购买
1929~1933年经济危机情况一览表
工业生 工厂倒闭 失业工人 整个工业倒
产下降 家数
人数
退年代
英国 46.20% 14万
1300万 1905-1906
美国 23.80% 3.2万
300万
1897
法国 39.90% 5.7万
＄100 will buy this car
100美元可买下这辆轿车，在股市上丧失了一切， 急需现钞
据1932年9月《幸福》杂志 估计，美国有3400万成年男 女和儿童，即约占全国总人 口的28％无法维持生计，共 有200万人到处流浪，平均 每三个可以工作的人中，就
有一个人失业。
危机期间大量社会财富被毁坏。垄断 资本家为了保持商品的价格,维持利润, 不惜大量销毁商品.
大萧条 The Great Depression
1929~1933年
资本主义世界经济危机
Depression,含有“萧条、沮丧、绝望”的 意思，这时期，经济活动远远低于正常水 平，社会陷入悲观绝望的情绪，持续很长 时间，动摇了人们对资本主义制度的信心， 更有人惊呼“资本主义已经走到了尽头”。
问题一： 什么是经济危机? 哪些现象表明经济危机了? 经济危机怎么样产生的?
这个例子生动而又形象地揭示出经济危机是由经 济领域中哪两个环节之间的矛盾造成的呢?
生产和销售
一、危机爆发的原因
供给与需求 之间的矛盾
生产与销售
美国 危机是从哪个国家开始的呢？
为什么美国会出现生产过剩的现象呢？
20世纪20年代美国经济的发 展状况如何？
The Great Depression
The New Deal
• The United States launched the New Deal with its objectives of:
• Relief • Recovery • Reform
FDR’s
st 1
Inaugural Address
• “So first of all let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is . . . fear itself. . . nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.”
Hirohito’s Surrender Speech
This is a very long speech. I suggest you move on when you have heard enough to appreciate the Japanese intonation.
• To our good and loyal subjects: After pondering deeply the general trends of the world and the actual conditions obtaining in our empire today, we have decided to effect a settlement of the present situation by resorting to an extraordinary measure….We have ordered our Government to communicate to the Governments of the United States, Great Britain, China, and the Soviet Union that our empire accepts the provisions of their joint declaration…. We are keenly aware of the inmost feelings of all of you, our subjects. However, it is according to the dictates of time and fate that we have resolved to pave the way for a grand peace for all the generations to come by enduring the unendurable and suffering what is unsufferable.
英语pre：the great depression 经济大萧条
Franklin D. Roosevelt (富兰克林·罗斯福)பைடு நூலகம்
04
Other attitude
push the movie industry to the first small climax of the grea"ctaMmdiceekpeoyuretMsosiuosne". and "Donald Duck"
The Great Depress1i9o29--n1933
By ：段明昊
CONTENTS
1Brief introduction 2 Effect 3 Causes and Measure 4 Other attitude
0 1Brief
introduction
The Great Depression，originated in U.S
02
Effects
Effects:
Unemployment and homelessness increased
Political Unrest
Bank Closings -- the collapse of the nation’s financial system
The rise of the dictators such as Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini indirectly resulted in the outbreak of the World War Ⅱ.
The severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
The-Great-Depression[1]资料讲解
![The-Great-Depression[1]资料讲解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9399294c6f1aff00bfd51e27.png)
Virtually no federal regulations existed to control banks; Corruption was rampant; many bankers bought stocks on margin with customers’ savings.
The-Great-Depression[1]
Outline
1、What is the Great Depression? 2、Causes of the Great Depression 3 、 Start of the Great Depression 4、Effects of the Great Depression 5、Turning point and recovery
argin Buying in the Stock Market:
An individual could purchase a share of a company’s stock and then use the promise of
Factories produced too much and people were not able to buy all of the new products.
b.Overproduction in agriculture:
When WWI ended, there was not as much need for food in Europe.
Start of the Great Depression
The depression originated in the U.S., around September 4, 1929 and became worldwide news on October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday).
小学上册第十二次英语第2单元期末试卷(含答案)
小学上册英语第2单元期末试卷(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I want to grow a ________ to share with my class.2.The owl has exceptional ______ (视力) at night.3.My mom is cooking ________ for dinner.4.The Great Wall of China was built over several _______.5.The chemical symbol for hydrogen is __________.6.The ______ of a plant can tell you about its age. (植物的年轮可以告诉你它的年龄。
)7.What is the chemical symbol for water?A. H2OB. O2C. CO2D. NaCl答案: A8.I have a special ________ that makes me feel safe.9.We can _____ (cross-pollinate) plants to create hybrids.10.I can ______ (跳) on one foot.11.My brother is a ______. He enjoys doing magic tricks.12.What is the chemical symbol for water?A. H2OB. CO2C. O2D. NaCl答案:A13.I see a ______ (bird) in the garden.14.The _______ (Cuban Missile Crisis) brought the world close to nuclear war in 1962.15.I enjoy listening to ________ (音乐) while working.16.What is the color of the sky on a clear day?A. GreenB. BlueC. RedD. Yellow答案:B17.The _______ (The Great Depression) led to widespread economic hardship.18.The ancient Egyptians practiced complex ________ (宗教仪式).19.The _____ (teacher/student) is reading.20.ts have ______ (刺) to protect themselves from animals. Some pla21.The ________ is a tiny creature that flies.22.What is the chemical symbol for water?A. H2OB. CO2C. O2D. NaCl答案: A. H2O23. A ____ is a playful animal that loves to chase after its friends.24.The process of a liquid turning into gas is called _______.25.看图片，写单词。
美国历史上的重大事件及其影响英语作文范文
美国历史上的重大事件及其影响英语作文范文The United States has a rich and complex history filled with significant events that have shaped the nation. From the early colonial period to the present day, these events have had a profound impact on the country's development. Here, I will provide an overview of some of the most significant events in American history and their consequences.1. The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783)The American Revolutionary War marked the beginning of the United States' struggle for independence from Great Britain. The war arose from growing tensions and resentment towards British rule, ultimately leading to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Through perseverance and the support of France, the American colonies emerged victorious,establishing the United States as a sovereign nation. This event laid the foundation for democratic governance and inspired revolutions worldwide.2. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)President Thomas Jefferson's acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France doubled the size of the United States. This purchase, which encompassed present-day states like Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, and parts of many others, facilitated westward expansion and secured control over the vital Mississippi River and New Orleans port. The Louisiana Purchase reinforced the nation's commitment to territorial growth, manifest destiny, and the idea of American exceptionalism.3. The Civil War (1861-1865)The Civil War was one of the most consequential events in American history, fueled by deep divisions over slavery and states' rights. The conflict between the Northern (Union) andSouthern (Confederate) states resulted in enormous loss of life and a path towards the abolition of slavery. Following the Union's victory, the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution officially abolished slavery and began the long process of rebuilding and reconciling the divided nation.4. The Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century)The Industrial Revolution transformed the United States into a modern industrial power. Innovations in manufacturing, transportation, and communications revolutionized the economy and society. Key developments included the mechanization of agriculture, the establishment of factories, the construction of railroads, and advancements in technology. This period of rapid industrialization laid the groundwork for America to become a global economic powerhouse.5. The Great Depression (1929-1939)The Great Depression represents the most severe economic downturn in American history. Triggered by the stock market crash of 1929, the nation experienced widespread unemployment, bank failures, and a collapse of agricultural prices. The consequences were widespread poverty and hardship, leading to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs aimed at reviving the economy, creating jobs, and providing a social safety net. The Great Depression forever changed the way the government approached economic policies and regulations.6. World War II (1939-1945)World War II had a profound impact on the United States, propelling it onto the world stage as a global superpower. Initially, the U.S. remained neutral, but after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the nation joined the Allies. The war effort stimulated the economy through increased industrial production and led to significant technological advancements. America's emergence from the war as one of thevictorious nations solidified its position as a global leader and defender of democracy.7. The Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)The Civil Rights Movement aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States. Inspired by various leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., protests, boycotts, and acts of civil disobedience took place throughout the country. The movement resulted in landmark legislation suchas the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, promoting equal rights for African Americans and challenging the deep-rooted racism that persisted in American society.These are just a few examples of the numerous significant events that have shaped American history. Each eventmentioned has had a lasting impact on the nation's political, economic, and social landscape, defining the United States as we know it today. Understanding these events is crucial incomprehending the nation's journey and its ongoing quest for progress and equality.。
小学上册E卷英语第2单元寒假试卷
小学上册英语第2单元寒假试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)bining sugar with water creates a _____.2.My _____ (妹妹) likes to draw.3.I celebrate my birthday on _______ (日期). I invite my friends to my _______ (地方) for a party.4.The ________ (社区参与) strengthens democracy.5.My friend is a _____ (医生) in a hospital.6.The goat climbs up the ______ (山). It is very ______ (灵活).7._____ (自然灾害) can impact plant life significantly.8.In _____ (芬兰), you can see the Midnight Sun.9.She __________ her bike to school.10.We will go to the ______ for lunch. (restaurant)11.The __________ (历史的争议) spark debates among scholars.12.Mount Kilimanjaro is found in _____ (14).13.What is the process by which plants get energy from sunlight called?A. RespirationB. PhotosynthesisC. DigestionD. Germination14.My friend is very ________.15. A rabbit's ears can rotate 270 degrees, allowing it to hear ________________ (周围) sounds.16.The _____ (ball/balloon) is blue.17.My grandmother makes _______ (美味的食物).18.What do we call the process of keeping something safe?A. ProtectingB. SavingC. StoringD. Guarding19.The _______ (The Great Depression) brought economic hardship to millions.20. A solution that has a high concentration of ions is called a ______ solution.21.I have a toy _______ that can dig in the sand at the beach.22.The ancient Mayans were known for their ________ and astronomy.23.Which of these is a cold beverage?A. TeaB. CocoaC. LemonadeD. CoffeeC24.aring a ______ (漂亮的) dress. She is w25.The main component of air is _______.26.The movement of the tectonic plates can lead to the formation of ______.27.She is wearing a ________ dress.28.I think it’s important to be ________ (礼貌) and kind to others, no matter where they come from.29.We visit the ______ (动物园) to see new animals.30.The _____ (island) is remote.31.What is the capital city of Sweden?A. StockholmB. OsloC. CopenhagenD. HelsinkiA32.What do we call the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?A. Prime MeridianB. EquatorC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of Capricorn33.What do we call a small insect that can fly?A. ButterflyB. BeeC. AntD. Ladybug34.The _____ (水獺) loves to play in the water.35.What is the capital of Zimbabwe?A. HarareB. BulawayoC. MutareD. GweruA36.Some birds migrate to find ______ during winter.37.I call my friend's sister __________. (她的名字)38.What do we call the time period before written records?A. PrehistoryB. Ancient HistoryC. Medieval HistoryD. Modern HistoryA39.I found a ________ in my pocket.40.What is the main purpose of a compass?A. To tell timeB. To find directionC. To measure distanceD. To weigh objects41.The _______ (猫) curls up to sleep.42.The _____ (果实) of the orange tree is juicy.43.An electric circuit needs a ______ to flow.44.I want to _____ (visit) the aquarium.45.What is the capital of the Virgin Islands (U.S.)?A. Charlotte AmalieB. ChristianstedC. FrederikstedD. Cruz BayA46.He is very ___. (smart)47.What do we call the process of combining two or more colors?A. BlendingB. MixingC. MergingD. CombiningB48.I like to visit the ______ (动物园) to see exotic animals.49.My cousin is a ______. She enjoys participating in debates.50.What do we call a vehicle with two wheels?A. CarB. BusC. BicycleD. Truck51.__________ are used to enhance the performance of chemical reactions.52.She is a talented ___. (artist)53.What is the process of water turning into vapor called?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. PrecipitationD. SublimationA Evaporation54.Which fruit is yellow and curved?A. AppleB. BananaC. OrangeD. Grape55.What is the name of the famous mountain in Nepal?A. K2B. AnnapurnaC. EverestD. KilimanjaroC56.He has a ___ of books. (collection)57.I want to go to the ________.58.We can ___ the rainbow. (see)59.I like to eat ___ for breakfast. (bread, water, sleep)60.The __________ (未来展望) shapes our dreams.61.The ________ was a major disease outbreak in the 14th century.62.Electrons are negatively charged _______ found in atoms.63.The ______ (植物的适应机制) is a subject of study.64.The chemical formula for sodium nitrate is _____.65. A _______ is a reaction that occurs at high temperatures.66.The ________ (农业与生态合作) benefits both fields.67.What is the fastest land animal?A. CheetahB. HorseC. LionD. Kangaroo68.What is the capital of the United States?A. New YorkB. Washington D.C. C. Los AngelesD. Chicago69.The first human to discover gravity was ______ (牛顿).70.What is the name of the fruit that is green on the outside and red on the inside?A. BananaB. WatermelonC. OrangeD. PeachB71.The __________ (历史的烙印) leaves a mark.72.Carbon dioxide is produced when we ________.73.I believe that art is a powerful form of expression. It allows us to convey emotions and ideas in unique ways. I love visiting art galleries and appreciating different styles.74.What is the name of the famous magician known for his escape acts?A. HoudiniB. CopperfieldC. BlaineD. Penn and TellerA75.__________ are used to measure the amount of a substance.76.I can _____ (跳舞) well.77.I can ______ (清晰地表达) my thoughts.78.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Egypt?A. GizaB. LuxorC. CairoD. AlexandriaB Luxor79.An insulator prevents the flow of ______ (electricity).80.The pig snorts when it is _________. (开心)81.In a chemical reaction, reactants are transformed into ______.82.She _____ (reads/writes) a book.83.The invention of the telephone was by _____.84.What is the name of the superhero with a shield?A. BatmanB. Captain AmericaC. ThorD. Iron ManB85. A _______ is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat.86.The __________ is a major city known for its art and culture. (巴黎)87.Geothermal energy comes from the heat stored in the ______ of the Earth.88.What do you call a person who performs magic tricks?A. IllusionistB. MagicianC. WizardD. EnchanterB89.He likes to _______ pictures.90.My favorite TV show is ________ (喜剧).91.The chemical formula for ethylene glycol is _______.92.My favorite TV show is a ________ (喜剧).93.The candy is ___ (sour).94.I enjoy _______ (骑摩托车) on weekends.95.The _____ (生态研究) helps us understand plant life.96.What is the main ingredient in salad dressing?A. OilB. VinegarC. WaterD. Milk97. A ______ (生态恢复) project aims to revive natural habitats.98. A rabbit lives in a ______ (洞穴).99.The _______ has intricate patterns on its leaves.100.What is the square root of 9?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5B。
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Women in the Depression
► Women
would find it harder to find a job as more men were looking for work ► Some people thought the depression would end if all married women left their jobs and men took over
Their ideas would form the background of the New Deal
Democrats favored the repeal of Prohibition, while Republicans favored a revision. ► Roosevelt won the election of 1932 by a landslide
Hoover Tries to Help
► Hoover
convinces business not to cut payroll and unions not to demand higher wages ► The Federal Reserve Board made it easier to borrow money ► Asks farmers to voluntarily limit production to maintain prices- set up Federal Farm Marketing Board ► Large public works projects were started
Human Suffering
► The
National Income (total payments to producers of the nation’s goods and services) fell from $81 billion to $41 billion ► 1929-1932
Farmers in the Depression
► Drought
hits American farms ► Farmers were burning crops, letting unpicked apples rot, and leaving cotton in the field
Why?
Mechanization
► Technology
saves money, but costs jobs
Newer machines could produce more items at a quicker pace, and required fewer workers to maintain Fewer workers meant less money in the economy to buy the goods that were being produced
►
Hoover and Rugged Individualism
► Rugged
Individualism - individuals and local government officials were responsible for the care of children, the sick, old, and disabled. The federal government was in charge of directing these efforts ► Hoovervilles - shacks filled with homeless men, women, and children all over the country.
16 million people lost their job
of the nations workforce
Hunger and Suffering
► There
was no system of direct relief (food, money, or jobs given by the government directly to the people) ► No public welfare or social security ► No unemployment insurance ► Men, women, and children sifted through garbage for food and stole rides on trains to move to “better” areas looking for work
►
Байду номын сангаас
Businesses and farms were productive, but people lacked the purchasing power to buy goods
Easy Credit
► People ► Banks
were piling up debt during the Twenties
FDR’s Secret
► FDR
was stricken with polio in 1921
It left his legs almost paralyzed With the help of his wife, he worked for months to regain mobility He wore 50 lbs. braces during the Democratic National Convention of 1924
Women were fired from teaching jobs if they got married This practice continued into the 40’s
Children in the Depression
► Malnutrition
in NYC rose from 18% in 1928 to 60% in 1931 ► Milk consumption was dropping in many states ► Child welfare was one of the first to be cut in many states as the Depression got worse ► Schools shut their doors because children were looking for jobs
Roosevelt and his New Deal
► Roosevelt
had a brain trust that was working on economic and social programs that would improve the conditions in the country
85,000 businesses closed their doors 400,000 farms were lost to foreclosure 6,000 banks, 1/4 of the country’s total, closed
► Wiping ► 1/3
out 9 million savings accounts
Unbalanced Foreign Trade
► Hawley-Smoot
Tariff Act of 1930
It was designed to protect the market from foreign goods Nations were unable to sell their goods, could not afford to buy American goods. Some nations thought the high tariff was unnecessary, so they stopped importing many Americans goods
The Bonus Army
►A
group of veterans marched on Washington DC to ask for an Army bonus that was promised to WWI vets
The bonus was to be paid in 1945, but the vets needed the money during these hard times They set up tents on the outskirts of the city Soldiers were sent to drive the vets away and burn down the makeshift village on July 28, 1932
The Great Depression
The Reasons For The Crash危机爆发 的原因
► Uneven
distribution of income
Over half of the nations population was at or below the minimum level of income
►
“…the only thing we have to fear…”
► March
4, 1933, FDR gave the speech that would instill hope to people during his inauguration ► “This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper… Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself - unreasoning, unjustified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.” ► What is FDR saying?