[the 13 colonies]
英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列
英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列Chapter: 13 geography 地理位置1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Can ada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州.阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋.（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能）2.The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest co untry in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国.3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smalles t.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州.4.The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the C ontinental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭.5.The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉.（本细节有考“一句话简答题”的可能）6.The Mississippi River is the largest river in American,over 6000 kilometers.The Mi ssissippi has been called "father of waters"or "old man river"密西西比河是美国最长河流，有被称作“众水之父”或“老人河”.7.The Ohio river has been called the American Ruhr,As in Germany, the area along the river is rich in valuable deposits of high-grade coking coal and is well known for its steel industry.The river provides cheap water transportation for raw materials.俄亥俄河被称作美国的鲁尔河，就像德国一样，沿河有丰富的高品千周的焦煤，并且因其钢铁而著名.另外，该河还为原材料提供了廉价的水路运输.8.On the Pacific side there are two great rivers:the Colorado in the south and the C olumbia ,which rises in Canada.太平洋沿岸有两大河：科罗拉多河及哥伦比亚河.9.The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United S tates.格兰德河是美国和墨西哥之间的开然界河（本细节考选择和简答可能性大）10.the most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior,which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan ,the only enti rely in the U.S.,Lake Huron,Lake Eire and Lake Ontario.They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.美国最重要的湖泊是五大湖：苏必利尔湖，密歇根湖，休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖，其中，苏必利尔湖为世界最大淡水湖，密歇根湖完全是美国境地内.11.美国气候概述1) A humid continental climate(湿润的大陆性气候）is found in the north-eastern par t of the country.2) In the south-eastern United States you can find a humid subtropical climate.(湿润的亚热带气候---东南部）3）The Pacific northwest is favored with a maritime climate海洋性气候--太平洋西北岸）4）The southern part of the Pacific coast in California（加州太平洋沿岸南部）has a Mediterranean climate (地中海式气候）with warm,dry summers and moist winters.12.Many factors besides latitude influence the climate in the United States.Perhaps the most important forces are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans,the Gulf of Mexick ,and the Great Lakes.影响美国气候的最主要的因素为：太平洋，和大西泮，墨西哥湾，五大湖.13.Traditionally from the east to the west the United States can be divided into seve n geographical regions.美国从东到西可分为七个地理区.14.New English is made up of six states of the Northeast .Becaust of its stony soil it is not noted for its agriculture .Dairying is the most inportant farm activity,New English is also well-known for its position in education,Many famous universities and colleges su ch as Yale,Harvard,thd Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) are located here.新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成，由于土壤多石，不利于农业生产，乳制品业是最重要的农业活动，许多重点大学如耶鲁大学，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都坐落于此.15.New Englanders were originally knows as Yankees,which came to stand for alll A merican.新英格兰人最初曾被称作“美国佬：这一名称，后来渐渐指所有的美国人.（选择）16.The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the uni ted states.大西洋中部各州的人口占美国总人口的1/5.17.The soil is rich,the rain usually pientiful and the growing season long,These factor s make the Midwest America''s most important agricultural area .It is also a major manufa cturing region and the nation''s leading center of heavy industry.中西部地区是美国最重要的农业区，也是主要的制造业区各最主要的重工业区.18.Chicago,the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industral and commercial center of the area.芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙的港口，也是该地区最大的工商业中心.19.Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world.Omaha is known as the a gricultural capital of the United states.底特律被称作“汽车之都，奥马哈被称作农业之都.20.Dry farming ,irrigation farming,and the cattle and sheep herding are the main cati vities of the Great Plains of the American West.旱地农业，灌溉农业和牛羊牧业是美国西部大平原地区的主要活动.21.Colorado has been called the steel city of the west ,Denver is the largest city of the Great Plains.科罗拉多市被称作“西部钢城”，丹佛市是大平原地区最大的城市.22.the largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau.美国最大的土著群落位于科罗拉多高原.23.Mmauna Loa,the world''s largest volcano,is located on Haiwaii and erupts from ti me to time,Suger cane and pineapples anr Haiwaii''s main crops.Tourism is Haiwaii''s most important industry.莫纳洛阿火山是世界最大和活火山，甘蔗和菠罗是夏威夷的两大作物，旅游业是夏威夷最重要的产业.24.Honolulu is the capital of Haiwaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska.火奴鲁鲁是夏威夷的首府，朱诺是阿拉斯加的首府英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列chapter 14：population.Race and Ethnic groups[被屏蔽广告] 必背细节1.The United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world after Chind and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度.2.Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth,The United States ha s a more or less open-door policy to immigtants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Islan d of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点.3.Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992. Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispa nic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家.4.Arizona,Nevada,and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for t he last 20 years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州.5.The first immigrants in the American history cane from England and Netherlands.美国历史是第一批移民来自英国和荷兰.6.The first of these immigration waves in the mid-1810s and reached the highest poi nt in 1845.The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890. The largest of th e three immigration wave in American was from 1890-1914.三次移民浪潮中最大的一次是1890-1914年.7.One in five American moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportuni ty,a better climate of other goals.有1/5的美国人每年搬一次家.8.美国的四次大规模的人口流动：流动方向the Frist 1865-1880 east coast ------westthe Second 1980-1920 rural areas ------citiesthe Third 1920----1960 the south/black people ----other areasthe fourth 1960-now Northeast /Central-N----the West/the South9.A large number of blank people move out of the south to other areas during the p eriod between 1920-1960.大批黑人离开南方涌向外地发生在1920-1960年间.10.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States is the blacks who number about 12.1% of the population. The first blacks were brought to North Amer ica as slaves in 1619.美国人口最多的少数民族是黑人，大约占总人口的12.1%，第一批黑人作为奴隶于16 19年运抵北美.11.three major Hispanic groups historically have had the greatest influence on the Un ited States.They are Mexico-Americans of Chicanos ,the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Ame ricans.三大对美国影响最大的讲西班牙语的群体为：墨西哥后裔美国人，波多黎各人，古巴裔美国人.（一句话回答）12.The most important obstacle to Hispanic success in the labor maket is their low e ducation.Hispanics have the highest school dropout rate of any major racial and ethnic group.讲西班牙语的美国人在其他种族的民族中失学率最高，因此，阻挡他们在劳动力市场获得成功的最主要是教育程度低.13.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States,The largest group of Asian-Americans are the Chinese-Americans.Experts say three Asian traditions best explain the success of Asian-American:eduction ,hardwork,and family.美国少数民族人口中增长最快是亚裔美国人，亚裔美国人中又以华裔美国人最多，专家指出亚洲三大传统可以用来解释亚裔美国人的成功：教育，工作努和和家庭.（一句话回答）14.Traditionally,the mainstream American were called WASPs,that is ,White Anglo-Sa xon Protestants.传统上读，美国人的主流是祖先为英国新教徒的白人.还有几个必背解释，1.WAPs 2001已考，估计不会再考，即上述第十二条.2.The Hispanics 讲西班牙语的（人或民族）The Hispanics usually are Spanish-speaking person of Latin-American origin who live in the United States.Now there are three major Hispantic groups which have grest influen ce on the U.S.They are Mexico-American of Chicano ,Pueto Ricans and Cuban-American.英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列Chapter 15: American History(1) 美国历史（一）[被屏蔽广告]1.The "first American "were the Indians.The first English colony in theAmericas was founded at Jamestown ,Virginaia,in 1607.Between 1607 and 1733 the British eastablished 13 colonies along the east coast of North American.“最早的美国人”是印地安人，英国于1607年在美国建立了第一块殖民地，即在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯，1607-1733年间，英国在北美洲的东海岸建立了十三个殖民地.2.In 1620,201 of Pilgrimw sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower.They arrived at Plymouth and built the Plymouth colony.1620年，有201名英国清教徒乘坐一名为”五月花号“的船到达了普利茅斯并建立了殖民地.3.From 1630 to 1643,some 200 ships transported over 20000 Englishmen to the Mas sachusetts Bay colony.从1630-1643年，约有200艘船把2万英国人抵马萨者萨弯殖民地.4.The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World.There were a nu mber of features which would play a role in forming the American character.They were :r epresentative from of goverment,rule of law,respect of individual rights,religious tolerance a nd a strong spirit of individual enterprise.殖民主义者新生活方式的这些特点在美国人性格形成中发挥了重要作用：建立代义制政府，法治，对个人权利的尊重，宗教上的宽容及强烈的个人进取心.5.In September 1744,the Frist Continental Congress was held ih Philadelphia which e ncouraged American to refuse to buy British goods.1744年9月，第一届大陆仁义在费城如开，鼓励美国人拒绝买英货.6.The Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.The Decl aration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.《独立宣言》是由托马斯.杰文逊起草的，它明确阐述了支撑这场革命的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国著名哲学家约翰.洛克.7.On the Christmas Day of 1776,the Americans defeated the British troops at Trento n,New Jersey.Not long afterwards ,the Americans troops deteated the British at Saratoga in Northern New York.This was a great turning point of the War of Independence,leading d irtctly to an alliance between the U.S and France.1766年的圣诞节，美军在新泽西的特伦顿挫败英军，这之后不久，美军在萨拉托加击败英军，史称“萨拉托加大捷”这次胜利被认为是北美独立战争的转折点，并直接导致美法联军的建立.8.In September ,1783,the Treaty of Paris was signed,Britain recognized the indeperda nce of the U.S.1783年9月簦订《巴黎和约》，英正式承认美国独立.9.The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of the constitution as we ll as one of the most important works on political theory.<联邦文集》被认为是对美国宪法最好的解释，也是美国最重要的政治理论著作之一.10.The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution,which was called the Bill of Ri ghts,adopted in 1791 which promise to protect individuals''rights.成为宪法的前十条修正案正案被称为《人权法案》.11.The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the states by Match 1781.It ha s two serious weaknesses:1>there was no national executive of law-enforcing branch;2>Con gress has no power to raise taxes.1781年美国各州批准了被称为《联邦条款》的文件，它有两缺陷：一是没有执行或执法机构二是国会由于过于庞大起不到政府的作用，而且国会无权征税.12.The U.S went to war with Britain in 1812,the last war fought between these two countries.英美最后一次交火是1812的英美战争.13.During the 13 years of Indian wars after the War of Independence,the Americans forced England to give up the Old Northwest and they forced Spain to open the Mississip pi river.Their crossing of the Mississippi helped persuade Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.In 1853,in the Gadaden Purchase another 30000 spuare miles of Mexi can land were added to the territory of the U.S.在独战后十三的印第安战争中，美国人适使英国放弃了旧西北地区，使西班牙开放密西西比河，促使拿破伦把路易斯字那志给美国，在1853年的加兹登购买中，另外的3万平方米的墨西哥土地也为美国领土.14.The twp famous leaders of black movement in the U.S in the 1830s were Garriso n and Frederick Douglass.在19世纪30年代两位著名的黑人领袖为加里森和道格拉斯15.The Union army under the command of Ulysses s.Grant deteated the Confedetate army at Gettysburg,Pensylvania,this victory was the turning point of the Civil War.北方联军在尤利西斯.格兰特的指挥下，在宾夕法尼亚的葛底斯堡击败了南方联盟军，葛底斯堡大捷是美国内战的转折点.16.Tn the Civil war,Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.So he issued the famous Ema ncipation Proclamation.美国内战期间，林肯发表了《解放奴隶宣言》17.On November 19,1863,Abraham Lincoln made a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg.He ended his speech with these memorable words:"That government of the people ,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from t he earth.1863年11月9日，林肯在葛底斯堡阵亡将士公墓落成仪式上发表了简短的演说，他以另人难忘的语言结束了演说“民有，民治，民享的政府永远不会从地球上消失.18.A conference was held in Philadelphia in May 1787 to consider what should be d one to make the Articles of Confederation adequate.All of the states except Rhode Island were represented at the Consititutional Convention.1787年在费城召开的制宪会议上，除了罗得岛外，其他所有州都参加了，大家讨论如何使《联邦条款》能够满足需要.另外有几个名词解释和问答题也要记得：包括：Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言the Emancipation of Proclamation 解放奴隶宣言英语国家概况美国部分精讲Chapter 16: American History(2) 美国历史（二）[被屏蔽广告] （1900-1945)必背细节1．In 1880,the U.S ranked first in the world in the production of steel; in 1900,the U.S. produced 245million tons of coal, ranking first in the world.1880年美国钢产`量世界第一，1900年煤产量世界第一.2．Large corporation ,urbanization and new technology were the three features in th e growth of American economy at the beginning of the 20 th century.大公司的出现，城市化及新技术的迅速发展是美国20世纪初经济增长出现的三大特点.3．In 1903,the Wright brothers flew a plane for a brief 12 seconds at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This was the beginning of the appearance of the plane. In 1911,Glenn E. Curiss designed and flew a successful plane. 1903年，莱特兄弟发明了第一架飞机，但只飞行了12秒.1911年格伦.E.库利斯设计了一架飞机，并成功试飞.4．At the beginning of the WWI, the U.S.was impartial neither in action, nor in th ought.It pursued a policy of pro-Ally partiality.第一次世界大战开始时，美国宣布保持中立，但在行动和思想上都没有做到中立，美国真正奉行的是支持同盟国的政策.5．The 1920s in the U.S. has been described by many historians as a period of ma terial success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.许多历史学家都把美国的二十世纪二十年代描写成一个物质上成功，精神是迷惘或漫无目标的时期.6．The stock market crash was the beginning of long economic depression in the la te 1920S and 1930S.股票市场的崩溃是1929-1933年的经济大萧条的开端.7．The aim of President Roosevelt’s New measures was to save American democrac y and the capitalist system.罗斯福总统“新政：措施的目的在于”拯救美国民主“及克服资本主义制度有史以来最严重的经济制度.8．In the early 1930S,the American foreign policy was isolationism, to keep the U. S. out of the fighting that was going on in Europe and Asia.在30年代初期，美国奉行的是孤立主义的外交政策，即使美国远离欧洲和亚洲的秸 ?br>9．During the WWII, the postponement of the opening of the Second Front was a r eflection of the American’s desire not to give the Soviet Union the possibi lity of quick ex pansion.二战期间，美国延缓开辟第二战场就反映出美国不让苏联有迅速扩张的可能性10．American diplomacy in WWII was largely diplomacy towards Britain and the S oviet Union.There were two guiding principles behind all diplomatic activities:1>to win the war;2>to establish t postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.二战期间，美国的外交政策大体上是针对英国的前苏联的，所有外交政策的两个主导原则是：羸得战争，按美国利益建立战后政治格局并阻止苏联的过度扩张.11．The leaders of the U.S. the Soviet Union and Britain met three times during th e WWII.1>The first summit was held at Teheran in November 1943.At the conference it was decided that a large-scale attack on the south of France would be launched in May , 1944,which was codenamed Overlord.2>The second conference was held in Yalta in Febru ary,1945,it decided on the setting-up of a world organization: the United Nation .3>The th ird conference was held at Potsdam, which confirmed the temporary division of Europe ag reed to at Yalta.二战期间，英，美，苏三中领导人共会晤了三次，第一次是在1943年11月在德黑兰会议，该会义决定进行代号为“霸王行动”的军事行动，向法国南部大举进攻，第二次是1945年2月的雅尔塔会议，本次会议决定建立联合国组织，第三次是在1945年7.8月间在柏林城外举行的波茨坦会议，该会主要确认了雅尔雅尔塔会议关于欧洲格局的暂时分配.必背解释1．The Muckrakers(黑幕揭发者)The Muckrakers were a group of reform-minded journalists who made investigations and exposed the dark sides of the society.2.the Progressive Movement(进步运动/进步主义)（Progressivism）it was a movement at the turn of the 20th century which demanded government reg ulation of the economy and social conditions, spread quickly with the support of large nu mber of people across the country. The Progressive Movement was not an organized camp aign with clearly defined goals. Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political,soci al and economic reforms.issez faire(放任主义)it was an economic practice which stressed that the management of the economy sho uld be left to the business people and the government should merely preserve order and p rotect property.4.the Red scare(红色恐惧)Between 1919 and 1920,the Red Scare happened in America where at that time a hi ghly aggressive and intolerance nationalism existed. On November 7,1919 and January 2,1 920,the Justice Department launched two waves of mass attests. Over 4000 suspected Com munists and radicals were arrested and many were forced to leave the U.S.5.the Ku Klux Klan(KKK)三K党The KKK was first organized in 1866 and then reformed in 1867 after the Civil Wa r in the South and by 1924 it claimed a membership of four to five million. It was a vi olent society which terrorized and attacked on not only blacks ,but also progressives, Com munist and socialist party members, etc.6.the New Deal(罗斯福新政)it was put forward by American President Roosevelt who wanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression at that time. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set u p some efficient soc ial security systems. The New Deal helped to “save American democr acy” and to overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to that time.7.Isolationism(孤立主义)it was the American foreign policy in the early 1930s.it tried to keep the U.S out of the fighting that was going on in Europe and Asia.英语国家概况美国部分精讲Chapter 17 American History(III) in post-W.W.II Era(1945-1980S)[被屏蔽广告] 必背细节1. On Feb 22,1946,George Kennan, a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow, wrote in the telegram that the U.S.policy should be vigilant containment of R ussian expansive tendencies. Later the containment policy became the official policy towar ds the Soviet Union.1946年2月22日，美国驻苏联大使乔治.凯南在他的电报中主张对苏联采取遏制政策.2．The open declaration of the containment policy was made by President Truman on March 12,1949 in a speech to the joint session of congress.1949年3月12日杜鲁门总统在国会联席会议上公开宣布了遏制政策.3．In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the U.S.deci ded to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan.为了保护西欧不受苏联扩张影响，美国决定给予西欧国家经济支援，此举后来被称作“马歇尔计划.”4．The North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed on April 4,1949,marked the beginni ng of U.S.efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies.美国于1949年4月4日签订的北大西洋公约标志着美国开始致力于在苏联及其盟国周围建立军事同盟.5．When the Korean War broke out in June,1950,Truman sent the 7th Fleet to the Taiwan Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan.1950年6月朝鲜战争爆发，美国杜鲁门政府第七舰队进驻台湾海峡，阻止中国人民解放军解放台湾.6．The Montgomery boycott was led by Martin Luther King, Jr,a young black clerg yman who later became a national leader of the Civil Rights movement.1955年的蒙哥马利抵制公共汽车公司运动由小马丁.路德.金领导，他是一个黑人牧师，后来成为民权运动的全国领导人.7．Since 1945 the United States had entered a twenty-five-year economic boom.The cornerstones were the automobile,housing,and defense industries.自1945年以来，美国经济进入了长达25年的繁荣期，经济繁荣的基本为汽车，住房和国防工业.8．Between 1946 and 1961,more than 63.5 million babies were born in the U.S,mak ing the baby-boom generation the largest by far in the American history.从1946年到1961年，是美国历史上的生育高峰期.9．When the Cuban Missile Crisis happened in 1962,the president of American is K ennedy,the president of Russia is Khrushchev.1962年古巴导弹危机爆发时，美国在位总统为肯尼迪，苏联首领为赫鲁晓夫.10．Richard Nixon ,who was elected on a platform of ending the Vietnam War, cha nged the strategy into “Vietnamization” of the war building up South Vietnamese troops t o replace American fighting force.里查德.尼克松以结束越战作为自己的竞选纲领，提出把战略改为战争越南化，即建立越南军队以其代替美国军队.11．In the late 1960s and early 1970s the U.S began to look for a way to improve relations with China so as to get China’s help for its withdrawal from south Vietnam an d to work with China against Soviet expansion.20世纪60年代末70年代初，美国改善对华关系的有两上：一是以便从越撤军时能得到中国的帮助，再是希望与中国合作联手对付苏联的扩张.12．In February 1972,President Nixon visited China and met Mao Zedong and the t wo countries issued the Shanhai Communique.This visit ended twenty-three years of hostili ty and led to the establishment of diplomatic relations in January 1979.1972年2月尼克松与毛泽东东会晤，双方签署了《上海联合公报》.13．From 1972 to 1979,the key problem that affected the progress in U.S.-China rel ations remained the Taiwan problem.1972-1979年，影响中美关系的主要问题还是台湾问题.14．Kennedy initiated the program called the New Frontier. Johnson also started a War on Poverty.肯尼迪执政时启动了“新边疆号召”，约翰逊做总统时发动了反贫困大战.15．The two famous leaders of black movements in the U.S.in the 60s were Martin Luther King,who advocated non-violent Civil Rights movement,and Malcolm X,who advoc ated violence in self defense,and attempted to separate themselves from whith society.60年代美国有名的黑人运动领袖为马丁.路德.金和迈克姆.X.16．Nixon resigned because of Watergate Scandal ,the first president to do so in A merican history.水门事件使尼克松成为美国历史上第一位辞职的总统.17．From the mid-seventies onwards ,the U.S suffered from”stagflation”,that is,the occurrence of stagnation and inflation at the same time.从70年代中期开始，美国开始遭受“经济滞胀”即经济停滞与通货膨胀的同时出现.有几个名词解释我就不一一列出了，只把题目列出，你们翻到书本记忆吧.1．The Truman Doctrime 杜鲁门主义2．The Marshal Plan(马歇尔计划)3．McCarthyism（麦卡锡主义）4．Montgomery bus boycott（蒙哥马利抵制公共汽车公司运动）5．The New Frontier（新边疆号召）6．The Counterculture （反文化运动）7．Watergate Scandal（水门事件）2001年全国统考第52题已考8．The little Rock Incident（小石城事件）英语国家概况美国部分精讲Chapter 18 the Economy 美国经济[被屏蔽广告] 1．The U.S is by far the biggest industrial country in the world.It is first in such advanced field as computers, space, nuclear energy and electronics.到止前为止，美国是世界上最大的工业国，在计算机，宇航，核能和电子等先进领域居世界首位.2．Now American has more than half of the European market in transistors, oil refi ning,farm products,telecommunications,and computers.现在美国的晶体管，炼油，农产品，通讯和计算机占欧洲市场分额的一半多.3．The U.S has less than 6% of the world’s populatinon.Yet it products about 25% of the total world output.美国拥有不到6%世界人口，却生产出占世界总产量的25%的产品. (2001,23题已考）4．The U.S has a free-marked economy with a dominant private sector.The privatel y owned and operated businesses, including farms,produce about 85% of the total output o f goods and services. Of course,the government has always been an important element Am erican economy.美国经济是以私营为主的自由市场经济.(2002,44)5．In the postwar years government involvement was again emphasized when the U. S adopted the Keynesian theory in running the economy. But the American economy was still plagued by stagflation. In the early 1980s,under the Reagan Administration, the tradit ional Keynesian theory was replaced by new monetarist policies.二战后美国采纳了凯恩斯理论来管理国这经济，再次强调政府于预.但美国经济还是出现连年的经济滞胀，于是，在8 0年代初期，在里根政府的领导下，传统的凯恩斯理论被新的货币主义政策所代替.6．The cultivated land in the U.S makes up 21% of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only 2.7% of the total population. Yet the U.S grows n early one fourth of the world’s grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in th e world. It is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products.在美国，耕地占国土总面积的21%，而从事农业生产的人口只占总人口的2.7%.然而，美国还生产出占全世界近1/4的粮食.美国是世界上最大的农产口出口国.7．The U.S ranks first in the production and export of corn. It produces nearly 50% of the corn in the world.The Corn Belt is in the Midwest. Iowa is the leading corn-prod ucing state. The Midwest is the most important agricultural region of the U.S.美国的玉米产量几乎占到世界总产量的50%，是世界最大的玉米生产和出口国，玉米带主要位于中西藏部地区，衣阿华是主要的玉米生产洲，中西部是美国最重要的农业区.8．Wheat is American’s most important food crop. It is second only to corn in pro duction every year. The Wheat Belt is located near the Corn Belt in the Midwest.小麦是美国最重要的食用作物，小麦带也位于中西部地区.9．The U.S ranks second in the export of rice in the world after Thailand.美国的大米出口量仅次于泰国，居世界第二位.10．The Midwest is the nation’ leading center of heavy industry. Texas is the count ry’s leading state in oil and natural gas deposits.中西部是美国最重要的重工业中心，得克萨斯是美国石油和天然气储量最大的州.11．Huston is now the greatest commercial center of the Southwest and the chemic al capital of the world. It is a center of petrochemical and synthetic rubber production . It is also the home of the space center.休斯敦被称作世界化工之都，是美国西南部地区最大的商业中心，也是石油化工和合成橡胶中心，还是宇航中心所在地.12．The state of California now has passed New York as the most populous state. It is now first in manufacturing ,especially the manufacture of aircraft parts and missiles , and in shipbuilding ,as well as in food production.加利福尼亚为美国人口最大的州，其飞机和导弹加工业，造船业和食口加工业居世界首位.13.Currently U.S. exports are about 15% of the world’s total. The U.S imports bout 13% of all world imports,Canada is the largest single source of goods imports by the U. S., outside of North American, Europe is the largest source of imports.当前美国的出口额占世界总出口额的确良15%，进口额占到期13%，加拿大是美国进口产品的最大来源地，在北美以外，欧洲则是最大的进口来源.14.Fertile soil, forests, water, and minerals are the major natural resources in the U.S.肥沃的壤，广袤的森林，充足的水源和丰富的矿藏是美国的主要自然资源.15.Unemploument, inflation ,financial deficit, and trade deficit are the trouble that al ways face the U.S.失业，通货膨胀，财政赤字和贸易赤字是美国一直面临的问题.16．The estimated number of people living under the poverty line in 1995 was 35.7 million which made up about 14% of the total population.据估计，1995美国生活在贫困线以下的人口达3570万人，占总人口的14%.17，The leading farm products in the U.S are corn ,wheat ,rice ,soybeans, oranges, meat, milk, apple, oats, cotton, tobacco, etc.美国的主要农作物有玉米，小麦，大米，大豆，桔子，肉类，牛奶，苹果，燕麦和烟草等.18．The Midwest round the Great Lakes, the Middle Atlantic state, the south, and th e Pacific Coast are the major industrial regions of the U.S.五大湖区周围的中西部，大西洋中部各州，南部和太平洋沿岸为美国主要的工业区.必背解释：。
2022年全国商务英语专业四级考试真题
2022年全国商务英语专业四级考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12022 National Business English Professional Level 4 ExaminationPart I Listening Comprehension (30%) (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A) Over the telephone.B) At his office.C) Elsewhere.D) In a restaurant.2. A) They admire it.B) They like it.C) They don't like it.D) They don't understand it.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One3. A) A watchmaker.B) A mechanic.C) A photographer.D) A psychologist.4. A) Replaced another man's watch.B) Repaired the man's watch.C) Cleaned the man's watch.D) Wore the man's watch.Passage TwoQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the passage you have just heard.5. A) The significance of making a phone call.B) The importance of good telephone manners.C) The pleasure of answering a call.D) The problem of not making a phone call.6. A) You know the person you are calling from a restoration advertisement.B) A friend asked you to call the person.C) You were referred by someone else.D) You were told to call the person by the person you know.7. A) That the receiver of your call is too busy to talk to you.B) You are going to call the recipient again.C) You apologize for calling.D) You must hang up now.Passage Three8. A) At Novotel.B) At the apartment building.C) At a restaurant.D) At the airport.Part II Reading Comprehension (40%) (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 13 are based on the following passage.The United States is a very young nation. However, in the country's relatively short history, it has been remarkably successful at making the business and financial environmentstand as a pillar of the economy. This states why the US has adopted the dollar as its official currency. How did it get that way?Many years ago, before the Revolution, each of the 13 colonies that would one day become the US had its own form of money. These were often coins brought over by colonists from European countries. Often, these coins were not of the same quality as the British coins and were often not accepted at equal value. Some colonies even started printing their own paper money. This situation led to a chaotic financial system where the value of money could differ depending on where you were.By the time the Revolutionary War started in the 1770s, Britain was well aware of the colonies' financial issues and printed large numbers of paper money to destabilize the colonial economy. In fact, British counterfeiting played a large role in the colonies' ensuing economic instability. One of the few things that tied the separate colonies together was the necessity of trade between them. This trade relied heavily on bartering goods, as the separate forms of money were often not accepted or were worth less in different colonies.9. This states why the US has adopted the dollar as its official currency.A) The US has been remarkably successful at making the business and financial environment stand as a pillar of the economy.B) Many years ago, before the Revolution, each of the 13 colonies had its own form of money.C) The colonies' financial issues and British counterfeiting played a large role in the ensuing economic instability.D) One of the few things that tied the separate colonies together was the necessity of trade between them.10. These were often coins brought over by colonists from European countries.A) These coins were not often of the same quality as the British coins and were often not accepted at equal value.B) These coins were often of the same quality as the British coins, and they were often accepted at equal value.C) The US has been remarkably successful at making the business and financial environment stand as a pillar of the economy.D) The value of money could differ depending on where you were.Section BDirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 3 to 5 questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage.If you are in a business and looking to graduate in Business English or simply want to enhance your skills in a specific part of the business world, studying Business English can be rewarding. One of the benefits of studying Business English is its networking ability. You meet professionals you can associate with in your business sphere. Also, it opens up career opportunities with international organizations that cannot ignore the importance of English in today's business world.14. What does the passage mainly discuss?A) The benefits of studying Business English.B) The importance of business networking.C) Career opportunities in international organizations.D) The necessity of English in today's business world.15. Why is studying Business English rewarding according to the passage?A) It gives professionals the opportunity to associate with others in the business world.B) Business English is easy to learn and understand.C) There are many different classes to take.D) It allows you to learn about different languages.16. Who are professionals that Business English learners can associate with?A) People who work in the fashion industry.B) People who work in the same city.C) People who work in the same company.D) People who work in the business sphere.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) You are staying in town for a while.B) You are going to France.C) You'd been here since yesterday.D) You are waiting for a friend.Part III Translation (15%) (15 points)Directions: In this section, you are required to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Part IV Writing (15%) (15 points)Directions: For this part, you are required to write an essay on the topic:"Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Business English Courses."You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You are required to use the information given below:Advantages:1. Flexibility in scheduling.2. No need to travel to a physical classroom.3. Access to updated materials and resources.4. Ability to learn at your own pace.Disadvantages:1. Lack of face-to-face interaction.2. Limited opportunities for networking.3. Potential tech issues during the course.4. Less personalized guidance from teachers.Please provide your answer on the Answer Sheet.---This is just a sample of the format and content that may be found in the 2022 National Business English Professional Level 4 Examination. The actual exam may differ in the number of questions and topics covered, but this gives you a good idea of what to expect on the exam day. Good luck with your preparation and hope this document helps you in your studies.篇22022 National Business English Test for Majors (Level 4) - Writing TestPart I: Writing (50 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic ofE-commerce in the Post-COVID Era. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.E-commerce in the Post-COVID EraWith the outbreak of COVID-19, the world economy has been greatly impacted, and traditional business models have faced unprecedented challenges. However, e-commerce has emerged as a bright spot in the midst of the crisis. In thepost-COVID era, the development of e-commerce is expected to accelerate further.Firstly, the pandemic has changed consumers' habits and preferences. With restrictions on offline shopping and social distancing measures in place, more consumers have turned to online shopping for their daily needs, leading to a surge ine-commerce transactions. As a result, businesses have had to adapt to this shift by expanding their online presence and enhancing their digital marketing strategies.Secondly, the pandemic has highlighted the importance of supply chain resilience. The disruptions caused by the virus have forced businesses to re-evaluate their supply chain strategies and prioritize the digitization of their operations. E-commerce platforms provide a solution by offering a more flexible and agile supply chain model that can better respond to sudden changes in demand.In conclusion, e-commerce has proven to be a vital lifeline for businesses during the pandemic, and its significance will only continue to grow in the post-COVID era. Companies that embrace digital transformation and invest in e-commerce capabilities will be best positioned to thrive in the new normal.Overall, the 2022 National Business English Test for Majors (Level 4) provides a comprehensive assessment of students' language proficiency and practical skills in the field of business.By testing students' ability to communicate effectively in English and analyze business-related topics, the exam helps to ensure that graduates are well-equipped to succeed in the competitive global marketplace. With a focus on real-world scenarios and practical skills, the exam enables students to apply their knowledge to real-world business challenges and opportunities.篇32022 National Business English Professional Level 4 ExamPart I Reading Comprehension (25 points)Directions: In this part, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1The London Metropolitan University LibraryThe London Metropolitan University Library is open 24 hours a day, every day of the year. It is a very high-tech library – withover 500 PCs, and WiFi available throughout. Students can access all the usual library databases and also e-books.There are quiet zones and group-study areas, as well as a large learning space. There are also 20 group-study rooms that can be booked for up to 2 hours at a time.The library staff are always willing to help and can be found at the library help desk, or by booking an appointment at the ask a librarian service.Questions:1. What is special about the London Metropolitan University Library?A. It is open 24 hours a day.B. It has over 500 PCs.C. It has quiet zones and group-study areas.D. All of the above.2. How can students access e-books at the library?A. By making an appointment with the librarian.B. By booking a group-study room.C. By using the library databases.D. By WiFi.3. How can students book a group-study room?A. They can book online.B. They can book up to 2 days in advance.C. They can book for up to 2 hours at a time.D. All of the above.4. Where can students find the library staff?A. In the group-study areas.B. At the library help desk.C. By accessing WiFi.D. By booking an appointment online.Passage 2Job Application - Customer Service RepresentativeWe are currently looking for a Customer Service Representative to join our team. This position is responsible for providing exceptional customer service to our clients, both in person and over the phone.Key Responsibilities:• Responding to customer inquiries in a timely manner• Handling customer complaints and resolving issues efficiently• Maintaining a high level of pr oduct knowledge• Assisting customers with product selection• Processing orders and tracking shipments• Performing other duties as assignedQualifications:• High school diploma• 1-2 years of customer service experience• Str ong communication and interpersonal skills• Proficiency in Microsoft Office Suite• Ability to work in a fast-paced environmentPlease submit your resume and cover letter to*******************.Onlyqualifiedcandidateswillbe contacted.Questions:5. What is the main responsibility of the Customer Service Representative?A. Responding to customer inquiriesB. Handling customer complaintsC. Maintaining product knowledgeD. Performing other duties6. What qualifications are required for this position?A. A bachelor's degreeB. 3-5 years of customer service experienceC. Proficiency in Adobe Creative SuiteD. Strong communication skills7. How can candidates apply for the position?A. By submitting a resume and cover letter to*******************B. By contacting the customer service department directlyC. By meeting with the hiring manager in personD. By completing an online assessment test8. What happens to candidates who are not qualified?A. They will be assigned other duties.B. They will be contacted for an interview.C. They will be asked to submit additional documents.D. They will not be contacted.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (25 points)Directions: There are ten multiple choice questions in this part. For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.9. Peter is _______ Chicago, but he will be back next week.A. inB. atC. onD. from10. Sara _______ to the gym every day to keep fit.A. goesB. is goingD. went11. The new restaurant in town is known for its _______ service and delicious food.A. excellentB. excellentlyC. excellenceD. excellency12. _______ you study harder, you will fail the exam.A. If notB. If don'tC. Don't ifD. If don't13. The manager told us that the project _______ completed by the end of the week.A. will beB. is beingC. will have been14. I am interested _______ learning a new language.A. onB. inC. atD. of15. She has been working at her current job _______ three years.A. sinceB. forC. duringD. from16. The company has _______ a new policy to reduce waste.A. put onB. put inC. put asideD. put forward17. _______ the weather is nice, we will have a picnic in the park.A. UnlessB. NeverthelessC. HoweverD. Provided18. He can _______ his bike to school if he wants.A. rideB. to rideC. ridingD. riddenPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Communication Skills for Business SuccessEffective communication is essential for success in the business world. Whether you are interacting with clients, colleagues, or supervisors, good communication skills can help you build relationships, convey information effectively, and achieve your goals.Some key communication skills for business success include active listening, clear and concise speaking, and the ability to adapt your communication style to different situations. By improving your communication skills, you can enhance your professional image, avoid misunderstandings, and increase productivity.Questions:19. What is essential for success in the business world?A. Good communication skillsB. Technical knowledgeC. Leadership abilitiesD. Sales experience20. What are some key communication skills for business success?A. Writing reportsB. Giving presentationsC. Active listeningD. Interpreting data21. Why is it important to adapt your communication style to different situations?A. To make a good impressionB. To convey information effectivelyC. To avoid misunderstandingsD. All of the above22. How can improving communication skills help in the business world?A. Enhance professional imageB. Increase productivityC. Avoid misunderstandingsD. All of the abovePassage 2Global Business EtiquetteIn today's global business environment, it is important to be aware of cultural differences and practice good business etiquette. By understanding and respecting the customs and norms of different countries, you can build strong relationships with international clients and partners.Some key aspects of global business etiquette include greeting customs, communication styles, and dining etiquette. By learning about these cultural differences and adapting your behavior accordingly, you can avoid misunderstandings and show respect for your international counterparts.Questions:23. Why is it important to practice good business etiquette in the global business environment?A. To build strong relationshipsB. To avoid cultural differencesC. To increase salesD. To gain a competitive advantage24. What are some key aspects of global business etiquette?A. Dress codeB. Greeting customsC. Technical skillsD. Financial knowledge25. How can understanding cultural differences benefit your business relationships?A. Avoid misunderstandingsB. Increase salesC. Improve communicationD. All of the above26. What is the purpose of adapting your behavior to different cultures?A. To show respectB. To gain a competitive advantageC. To avoid misunderstandingsD. To increase productivityPart IV Dialogue Completion (25 points)Directions: In this part, there are five incomplete dialogues followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestoption for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.27. Clerk: Good morning, how can I help you?Customer: _______A. I'm looking for a dress for a wedding.B. I'm fine, thanks.C. I'm sorry, I can't do this right now.D. I have an appointment at 2 o'clock.28. Manager: I have a meeting with the client at 3 pm.Employee: _______A. I'll get there on time.B. I'm not available then.C. I'm sorry, I forgot about it.D. I'll see you tomorrow.29. Colleague 1: Did you finish the report?Colleague 2: _______A. Yes, I'll send it to you now.B. No, I left it at home.C. Yes, I have a copy.D. No, I forgot to print it.30. Salesperson: Would you like to try our new product? Customer: _______, I'm allergic to peanuts.A. SureB. Yes, pleaseC. No, thank youD. Maybe later31. Interviewer: Why should we hire you for this position? Candidate: _______A. I have a lot of experience in the industry.B. I need a job.C. Because I want to work here.D. I don't know.Part V Writing (25 points)Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of about 200 words on the topic given below. Your essay should be well-organized, and support your ideas with examples.Topic: The Importance of Networking in BusinessIn today's competitive business world, networking plays a crucial role in building relationships and advancing your career. Networking allows you to connect with professionals in your industry, share ideas, and learn from others' experiences. By attending networking events, conferences, and seminars, you can expand your contacts and stay informed about industry trends.Networking can also lead to new business opportunities, partnerships, and collaborations. By building a strong network of contacts, you can increase your visibility in the industry and create new pathways for growth and success. Additionally, networking enables you to exchange information, seek advice, and gain valuable insights that can help you develop professionally.In conclusion, networking is an essential tool for business professionals to build relationships, expand their knowledge, and advance their careers. By actively participating in networking activities, you can create opportunities for personal andprofessional growth, and enhance your success in the competitive business world.Overall, the 2022 National Business English Professional Level 4 Exam covers a wide range of topics related to business communication, etiquette, and networking. It tests candidates' proficiency in reading comprehension, vocabulary and structure, and dialogue completion. By preparing thoroughly for the exam and practicing regularly, candidates can improve their skills and achieve success in the business English field. Good luck to all the candidates!。
跨文化交际unit4解析
Unit 4 词汇与意义⏹教学内容：⏹（1）词汇的概念意义、内涵意义、社会意义、情感意义和搭配意义。
⏹（2）中英词汇对比⏹基本要求：⏹了解词汇在语言的跨文化交际中的地位，掌握词汇的几种意义，中英语言在词汇方面存在的差别。
重点是词汇的内涵意义及中英词汇的差别。
Importance⏹If we want to study the difference between two languages, we have to begin with the study of the words in the two languages. Because the close relationship between language and culture is most readily seen in words.Section 1 Types of meanings⏹1. Conceptual meaning概念意义⏹the basic meaning presented by a word. It refers to logical, cognitive(认知的), referential (指示的), or denotative（外延的）content.⏹also known as surface meaning or denotative meaning外延意义, dictionary meaning or literal meaning字面意义of a word.Features of Conceptual meaning概念意义⏹1. It is the core of the meaning of a word. It is the basic meaning represented by meaningful linguistic units. It’s recorded in the dictionary.⏹E.g. woman-an adult female human being.⏹Dog-a four-legged animal which can make the sound of barking⏹2. It can be divided into some semantic components(语义成⏹分).⏹Woman: +animate(有生命) +human(人) - male (男性) -adult(成年)I⏹boy：⏹3. It is relatively constant and stable, because it is the meaning agreed upon by all the members of the same speech community.But it may also vary.⏹Manuscript =“手稿” now also including文稿printed from typewriter or computer Note: Many different words can have the same conceptual meaning⏹walk⏹to move forward by placing one foot in front of the other. The newlyweds新婚夫妇strolled down漫步the streets of Paris.⏹The wealthy businessman swaggered大摇大摆地into the restaurant and demanded a table.The overweight man lumbered笨重地行动along, breathing heavily and occasionally tripping.⏹These synonyms, although with different connotative meanings内涵意义, have the same conceptual meaning.The English Words unique in English culture⏹A. words related with geography⏹e.g. New England, Canberra, Northern Ireland, Sydney, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, Quebec, Ottawa,⏹The Thames River, St. Lawrence, British Isles, The Rocky Mountains（落基山脉）, The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,⏹koala, kangaroo, tornado(龙卷风)⏹The Great Barrier Reef, Silicon Valley, Yellowstone Park,⏹Summary：All these have their own geographical features: places, plants and animals uniquely found in USA, Great Britain and Australia; They all represent meaning unique in their own cultures；Their Chinese equivalents are only used by the Chinese people as mere names, which have lost their distinctive geographical and cultural features.The English Words unique in English culture⏹A. words related with geography⏹e.g.⏹U.S.A: New England, The Rocky Mountains,The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,Yellowstone Park, Silicon Valley⏹Britain: British Isles, Northern Ireland, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, The Thames River, Rose⏹Canada: Ottawa, Quebec, St. Lawrence,⏹Australia: Canberra, Sydney, The Great Barrier Reef, koala, kangaroo⏹B. words and history⏹the May Flower⏹(the ship in which a group of⏹British Puritans who were also⏹known as pilgrim fathers sailed to⏹America in 1620.⏹The revolutionary war⏹( the struggle of the 13 colonies in North America for independence from the British rule between 1775-1783)⏹Scalp(头皮)⏹(to tear the skin on the top and back of head and the hair attached from an enemy by an North American Indian as a trophy战利品)⏹⏹Knight⏹(a man given the rank of knighthood by the British Monarch in recognition of merits in public service)⏹Hippy/Hippie⏹(a young man and young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress, etc.)⏹C. word and politics⏹USA: President, Secretary, Congress, Senate, the House of Representatives, The Democratic Party, The Republican Party, the Supreme Court⏹Great Britain: Parliament议会:the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom. It comprises the sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.议会两院尤指英国由上议院和下议院构成的国家立法机关; Prime Minister, The Conservative Party, The Labour Party, Supreme Court of Judicature司法⏹Governor行政长官⏹the official title of the representative of the British monarch in a British colony.⏹Governor general总督⏹the personal representative of the British crown in the independent nations of the commonwealth.⏹e.g. The Canadian Governor General⏹Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制⏹a monarchy in which the powers of the rulers are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nationD. words and religion⏹Bible⏹a collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament⏹reformation:宗教改革⏹a 16th century religious movement against the abuses in the Roman Catholic Church, ending in the formation of Protestant Churches.⏹Christmas box耶诞礼物或礼金⏹money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout the year.⏹Boxing day节礼日⏹the first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in England⏹Easter⏹the chief Christian feast, which celebrates the Resurrection of Christ, on the first Sunday after the full moon that coincides with or comes after the spring equinox.E. words and HolidaysChristmas cake/pudding/card/tree/carol/stockingFather Christmas), Santa Claus(A)⏹F. words and currency⏹Pound, penny; the American dollar, cent, quarter, nickel⏹G. Words and law⏹Court, judge, jury, lawyer, attorney (A)⏹H. Words and way of life⏹Snack Bar, roast beef, hamburger, sandwich, barbecue, cocktail, champagne; pajamas, suite, dress; subway, Greyhound bus; drive-ins, diner,⏹I. words and sports⏹Football, soccer, rugby, hockey, cricket⏹J. words and sex⏹Striptease, sex store, sexual interference, prostitute, whorehouse⏹K. words and personality⏹GB: reserve, practical, insularism偏执⏹USA：individualism, rapid pace of life, direct, promptness, informality, originality, materialism English works partly corresponding with Chinese words in conceptual meaning⏹1. Intellectual--知识分子⏹2. social sciences--社会科学⏹3. drugstore--药店⏹[美]杂货店(出售药物、糖果、饮料,化妆品，杂志及其他杂物的店铺)⏹4. Morning=午夜+凌晨+黎明+早晨+上午⏹5. Young(18-40), middle-aged(40-60), old (over 60)-------老中青⏹Discussion: discuss the conceptual differences between the words in each pair⏹yard--院子⏹peasant--农民⏹idealist-唯心主义者⏹materialist--唯物主义者"family" and jiating (家庭)⏹An American (A) attended her Chinese friend's (B) wedding. Two years later, the two met again.⏹A: Have you started a family'!⏹B: Oh, yes. You attended my wedding, remember?⏹A: I mean if you've had children.⏹Here we see that ' family' means more than jiating (家庭) ，though they seem to be equivalents.2. Connotative meaning内涵意义⏹the implication（含义，暗示）of words, apart from its primary meaning.It is the communicative value that an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning. It varies from culture to culture and from individual to individual⏹E.g. Woman⏹Physical: biped(双足的), having a womb(子宫)⏹Personality: gentle, compassionate, sensitive, hard-working, frail脆弱的, emotional, prone to tears, irrational, inconstant变化无常的,subject to maternal instinct, behavior: capable of speech, experienced in cookery, skirt or dress wearing,⏹Dog⏹loyal to owner, fierce凶猛的, violentFeatures of Connotative meaning内涵意义⏹1. Despite cultural background difference, some corresponding words in two languages may convey the same connotative meaning. e.g tiger, 老虎--cruelty⏹E.g. Woman⏹2. words with the same conceptual meaning yet different connotative meaning⏹书, book⏹老，old⏹同志，comrade⏹宣传，propaganda⏹狗，dogConnotative meanings vary according to different people, times, ages, societies etc.⏹E.g. Home: warm, loving, comfortable, safe⏹like a prison, cold, boring⏹终身大事⏹工作？事业？婚姻? 生死？⏹Connotative meaning may change with the times going⏹E.g. traditional: positive in the past⏹“old, conservative” at present⏹3. Social meaning社会意义⏹Social meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use, such as the language users( who are using the language), settings (where is language used), topics (what are language users are talking or writing).⏹E.g⏹home (general) , residence (formal), domicile（law）, abode (literature),⏹horse, steed（战马）, nag（老马）,gee-gee（child）⏹throw(general) , cast (literature and religious), chuck(slang)⏹salt, sodium chloride⏹disobedient, recalcitrant反抗的⏹A good selection of words is important.Exercise！⏹Words which stand for what people do in order to make a living: job, vocation, profession, occupation, career, trade, work⏹Profession (an occupation requiring special education, especially in the liberal arts or sciences)所指的职业是需要在文科或理科方面有一定的教育程度，具备一定理论水平的人才的职业。
十三殖民地之间巨大的差异
分为三种类型。
弗吉尼亚、马萨诸塞、纽约、新泽西、新罕布什尔、北卡罗来纳、南卡罗来纳、佐治亚八个殖民地，其总督由英王任命亲信贵族或军队将领担任，称作皇家殖民地；马里兰、宾夕法尼亚、特拉华三个殖民地的总督由业主指派，但受英国法律制约，叫业主殖民地；康涅狄格和罗德艾兰的总督由殖民地有产阶级选举产生，但须经过英王批准、按照英王颁布的特许状进行统治，称为自治殖民地。
三、地理环境及导致的经济形式和利益追求不同。
北部的马萨诸塞、罗德艾兰、新罕布什尔、康涅狄格联合成为新英格兰，工商业和捕鱼业比较发达，其中以造船业的发展最为显著；中部殖民地即宾夕法尼亚、纽约、新泽西、特拉华一带土地肥沃、气候温和、农业和畜牧业比较发达，小麦是最主要的农产品；弗吉尼亚、马里兰、北卡罗来纳、南卡罗来纳、佐治亚五个南部殖民地盛行奴隶制种植园经济，主要作物是烟草和蓝靛，产品大量输往英国。
北部7个州采取措施逐步废除了奴隶制，成为自由州；南部6个州的种植园经济需要大量黑人奴隶作为主要劳动力，因此仍保持奴隶制，从事黑奴的贩卖和交易。
四、社会文化和宗教信仰不同。
各殖民地由于理念不同而吸引了不同的定居者，形成了不同的文化氛围，宗教状况也呈现出“各自为政”的局面。
罗德艾兰和宾夕法尼亚自始至终实行政教分离和信仰自由；罗德艾兰以外的新英格兰地区独尊“清教”；南部各殖民地和纽约把英国国教移植过来确立为官方宗教，但又在一定程度上存在宗教宽容，并由此形成整体上的宗教多样性。
十三殖民地虽然各自利益不同、理念不同、制度不同，但随着彼此经济往来日益频繁，各殖民地之间的经济文化联系日益加强，十三个殖民地的统一市场日渐形成，十三个之民地的统一市场日渐形成，北美殖民地社会各个阶层与宗主国之间的矛盾日益尖锐。
在这一过程中，美利坚民族形成。
Hugeis different. Can be roughly divided into three types. Virginia, and Massachusetts, and New York, and New Jersey, and New Hampshire Bush,, and North Carolina, and South Carolina, and Georgia eight a colonial, its Governor by British King appointed cronies nobles or army generals served as, called Royal colonial; Maryland, and Pennsylvania, and Delaware three a colonial of Governor by owners assigned, but by United Kingdom legal constraints, called owners colonial; Connecticut and luodeailan of Governor by colonial perquisiteof the election produced, but be after British King approved, and in accordance with British King enacted of concession shaped for ruled, Known as a self-governing colony. Third, geographical and economic forms and as a result of pursuing different interests. Northern of Massachusetts, and luodeailan, and New Hampshire Bush,, and Connecticut joint become New England, business and fishing industry comparison developed, which to shipbuilding industry of development most significantly; Central colonial that Pennsylvania, and New York, and New Jersey, and Delaware along land fertile, and climate moderate, and agricultural and livestock comparison developed, wheat is most main of agricultural products; Virginia, and Maryland, and North Carolina, and South Carolina, and Georgia five a Southern colonial prevailed slavery plantation economic, main crop is tobacco and Indigo And products to the United Kingdom. 7 States had taken measures to gradually abolish slavery in the North, becoming the free State; 6 southern States plantation economy needs a large number of black slaves as the main labour, therefore remains to slavery, trafficking and trading of slaves. Four, socio-cultural and religious beliefs. The colonies due to different ideas and attract differentsettlers, formed a different culture, religion has also shown the "fragmentation" of the situation. Luodeailan and Pennsylvania throughout the secularism and faith freedom; luodeailan outside New England: on "Puritan"; in the colonies in the South and New York to United Kingdom ported the State religion established as the official religion, but religious tolerance to a certain extent, and the resulting religious diversity as a whole. 13 colonies while their different interests, different ideas, different systems, but with the increasingly frequent economic exchanges with each other, increasing economic and cultural links between the colonies, unified market of 13 colonies is formed, uniform market of 13 colonies is formed, all levels of colonial societies in North America and increasingly acute contradictions between the sovereign State. In this process, the American peoples.。
美国最富有的州是哪个州.doc
美国最富有的州是哪个州美国最富有的州是哪个州呢?是不是跟的我一样也很好奇呢?这个州的气候怎么样?有哪些顶尖大学?跟着来一起了解一下吧。
新泽西留学及移民优势前言：新泽西州是美国最富有的州之一，具体的数据如下。
家庭收入中位数:67458美元人口:8821155(排名第11位)失业率:9.3%(14日最高)百分比低于贫困线:10.4%(3日最低)在新泽西州，有10.9%的家庭年收入超过20万美元，去年只有10.4%的人口生活在贫困线以下。
低于除了新罕布什尔的任何州。
有些州相当贫困，纽瓦克31.6%生活在贫困线以下，帕特森是28.9%。
一、新泽西州纵览•New Jersey has a population of 8.8 million, the 11th largest population inthe US. Combined with its small size, this makes it the most densely populatedstate in the nation.•The state’s Atlantic City was the original inspira tionfor the Monopolyboard game.•New Jersey was one of the original 13 colonies to break away from Britain,so is represented by one of the 13 stripes on the US flag.•Over 92% of the population of New Jersey lives in urban areas with apopulation of 50,000 or more, the highest proportion in the US.•New Jersey has more horses per square mile than any other state. TheUnited States Equestrian Team is headquartered in Gladstone, NJ.•The first ever drive-in cinema was opened in the city of Camden, NewJersey in 1933.•New Jersey has more diners per person than any other state.•The first ever baseball game was played in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1846,when Alexander Cartwright's Knickerbockers played the New York Baseball Club(the New York Baseball Club won).•Famous New Jerseyans include inventor Thomas Edison (though he was bornelsewhere he worked and lived in New Jersey), musicians Bruce Springsteen andJon Bon Jovi, musicians Frank Sinatra and Jay-Z, poet Allen Ginsberg, authorPhilip Roth and actors James Gandolfini and Meryl Streep.•新泽西有880万人口，是美国第11大人口。
介绍美国国旗英语作文
介绍美国国旗英语作文On this day, commemorative activities held throughout the United States to show respect for the flag and love of America.在这一天，美国各地举行纪念活动，以示对国旗的敬重和对合众国的热爱。
下面是由xx 为你整理的介绍美国国旗英语作文，欢迎大家阅读。
American flag for a rectangular shape, length and width ratio of 19:10 for the Stars and Stripes (the Star-Spangled Banner), the upper-left corner flag for the blue stars surface area of the stars a few provisions in the respective departments, the United States is the state flag on the number of a few of the stars. Star 13 is outside the red and white stripes, 13 stripes on behalf of the original 13 colonies in North America. According to Washington, said: symbol of the United Kingdom with red stripes, white stripes and a symbol of freedom from it. More general argument that the red symbol of strength and courage, a symbol of purity and innocence of white, blue is a symbol of vigilance, perseverance and justice. In 1818 the Congress pass the bill, red and white flag on the fixedwidth for the 13, the number of five-pointed star should be in line with several states of America. Each additional state, the national flag on a star to increase, the general in the new states to join the second year after the implementation of July 4. So far has been the national flag to 50 stars, representing the 50 states. June 14 each year as "the development of the anniversary of the American flag." On this day, commemorative activities held throughout the United States to show respect for the flag and love of America.美国国旗为长方形，长宽之比为19：10，为星条旗(the Star-Spangled Banner)，旗面左上角为蓝色星区，区内的星数于有关部门规定，美国的州数就是国旗上的星数。
英美国家文化概况课后选择题答案
UNIT31.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptMartin Luther King4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptsalvation through the church.5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?separation of state and church.6. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed becausethe English king did not like the plan.7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic exceptWilliam Penn.8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromJohn Locke.9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?Catholics.10. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of “the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.UNIT41. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.2. According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true?Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.3. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Rhode Island.4. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,t here was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? The legislative.6.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?The president can make laws.7. The Bill of Rights consists of10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?The freedom of searching a person's home by police.9. The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 exceptthe powers of the president.10. The New Deal was started byFranklin Roosevelt.UNIT 51. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of Rhode Island.2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in United States.firearms industry3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in 1863.4. In which year was the United States rated NO.1 in terms of production capacity in the world? 19455. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?Steelmaking6. The United States was rated forth in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.7. The United States produces as much as half of the world’ssoybeans and corn.8. Which of the following is generally considered as an important institutional factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?Laissez-faire9. Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?Thomas Jefferson10. The latest technology that farmers have adopted iscomputersUNIT61. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?The Catholics2. Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?Public money is provided to support religious schools.3. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?Islamic4. Which of the following is true?Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women,5. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?The Catholic Church6. Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the US.7. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except for finding a job in society.8. Which of the following statement is NOT correct according to the author?Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.UNIT 71. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?Washington Irving2. Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?Moby Dick3. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?Walden4. Whitman’s poetry has the following characteristics exceptfragmented haunting images5. Mark Twain’s work are characterized by the following exceptegotism6. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson’s poems. Which one is NOT? Her poems are very long and powerful.7. Henry James was mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.8. Sherwood Anderson is NOT included in the group of naturalists.9. Three of the following authors are Noble Prize winners. Which one is NOT?F.Scott Fitzgerald.10. John Steinbeck does NOT belong to the ‘Lost Generation’.11. Lig ht in August was NOT written by Hemingway.12. Which of the following is NOT an African-American author?Alan Ginsberg13. The following author were women writers who wrote novels in the 19th and early 20th century with the exception ofWilla Cather14. The following writers represent new American voices exceptT.S.Eliot15. Among the following Native American writers, whose publications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance?Scott Momaday’sUNIT 81.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Politics and business education.2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _______.boards of education3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?Elementary school, secondary school.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?Research institutions5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?Large universities offer scholarships to all students.6. The most important reason for students wanting to get into more desirable institutions because they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.they pass the college entrance examinations8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?The State University of New York9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _______. Investment10. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyUNIT 91. Black American sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, ______affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.We Shall Overcome!2. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as Ku Klux Klan.3. The reason why many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was thatthey resented traditional white male values in US society4. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ______to educate people about war in Vietnam.Teach-in5. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?The students for a democratic society6. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when ______delivered his “I Have a Dream”Martin Luther King, Jr.7. In January 1965, President Johnson declared “_______”to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”War on poverty8. Unlike Martin Luther King, _______the chief spokesperson of Black Muslins advocated violence in self defense and black pride.Malcolm X9.During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as _____to integrate interstate buses and bus station in the South.Freedom rides10. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India’s leader Gandhi, _______was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1964.Martin Luther King,Jr.11. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____the Hippies12. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _______by _________, they found a voice.The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanUNIT 101. Which of the following statement is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.2. the main factor contributing to the widening income gap between blacks and whites in the 1970s was _____black had low position and low pay in the workplace hierarchy3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? The aggressive nature of these groups.4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?Robbery5. Which of the following statement is NOT true?The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.6. Accoding to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.7. If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPTliving near city centers8. Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?The CIAUNIT111. When did the word stereotype come into use in English?Early 17th century2. Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that might restrict gun ownership?The NRA (national Rifle Association)3. Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?Facebook4. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?Israel Zangwill5. What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?The 16th-century Reformation6. Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.7. Which of the following was President Franklin D.Roosevelt’s main concern?Social justice8. According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw. What is it?American is not open to change .9.The internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today. Which one is NOT? People can freely download MP3 music10. Which of the following institution is responsible for the making of the Internet?The US military11. Free use of the Internet in the US responds to the basic American values, except that _____it doesn’t help create material wealth.12. Which of the following helps theorize the concept of Fraternity? Karl Marx。
美国最初的13个殖民地
Colonial Map of Virginia fro m 1758
Early Settlers in Virginia
Owners colony
The governor of the colonies appointed by the owners, but under British legal constraints, called owners colony , including New York (1664), South Carolina and North Carolina (1663), Pennsylvania(1681), Georgi a (1733) and New Jersey (1674) Before the War of independence, owners colonies were only Maryland, and Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Why were the colonies planted?
In fact, the main reason of the establishment of colonies is that as the development of the capitalism , English need to loot raw material and expand the market.
Map of the New Jersey Colony
Self-governing colony
A self-governing colony is a colony with an elected government in which elected rulers are able to make most decisions without referring to the colonial power with nominal control of the colony. Most self-governing colonies have responsible government.
《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分
《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分1. Population, Race and Ethnic Groups 人口与民族世界第三人口大国，20世纪90年代人口增长更加迅速，将来60年还将迅猛增加。
预计将从1992年的25，550万，增加到2000年的27，500万。
移民是人口增长的主要来源，基本开放的移民政策。
现在多数移民来自亚洲和拉丁美洲。
城市化高，最大的城市：纽约，洛杉矶，芝加哥，旧金山，费城。
1946-1964是生育高峰，20世纪80年代人口老龄化趋势。
美国是移民国家。
第一批移民来自英国和荷兰，为了逃避宗教迫害，寻求更好的生活，契约劳工。
三次移民浪潮：第一次移民浪潮始于1805年，1845年到达高峰，许多爱尔兰人迁入。
第二次移民浪潮从1860-1890。
第三次移民浪潮从1890-1914，是最大的一次。
来自奥匈帝国，意大利，俄国，希腊，罗马尼亚和土耳其。
Characteristics of the American population 美国人口的特征流动性。
四次大规模的人口流动：第一次从内战结束到1880年，西进运动。
从东海岸向西部迁移。
第二次从1890-1920年，随着工业化和城市化的实现，人口从农村涌向城市。
第三次从1920-1960年，大批黑人离开南方涌入外地。
第四次从60年代至今，从东北部向西南部的阳光地带迁移。
Black people and the Civil Rights Movement 黑人与民权运动黑人是美国人口最多的少数民族。
自1619年作为奴隶贩运到北美洲，集中在南部农业区，生活悲惨。
代表小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和《根》。
1863年林肯的《解放奴隶宣言》和1865《宪法》第13条修正案正式结束了奴隶制，但仍存在歧视。
1954年布朗诉教育委员会一案，开始了漫长的废除种族隔离的进程。
60年代爆发民权运动。
1964年通过《民权法案》，1965年通过《选举权法案》。
遵义市高三第一次联考英语试卷
第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AFirst Indian TreatyWhen the colonists first settled in America, they had many hardships to overcome. One of their main concerns was getting along with the Native Americans. Some tribes (部落) were friendly, but others were not.Colonies were formed in New England in 1607. The Ploymouth (普利茅斯) colony in Massachusetts was settled in 1620. On March 22, 1621, John Carver, the governor of the Ploymouth colony, made a treaty with Chief Massasoit, head of the Wampanoag tribe. This was the first treaty between the Native Americans and the European settlers made within the 13 colonies.The treaty signed by Carver and Massasoit stated that neither the Native Americans nor the colonists would injure or do harm to each other. If tools were taken from the colonists by the Native Americans, they would be returned. When the Native Americans or colonists met with each other, no weapons would be carried. If one group was unjustly attacked by others, the other group would help it out.The treaty worked well and lasted for 54 years. Then Massasoit died. Massasoit’s son Metacomet became chief. By then, the colonists throughout New England had taken over more and more of the Native Americans’ land. Metacomet started a war in 1675 that involved not only the Wampanoags, but all of the tribes and all of the colonists in New English. Metacomet was killed in 1676, but the war continued until 1678. The Native Americans finally gave up trying to stop the colonists’ movement onto their lands. New treaties were made, and the colonists and Native Americans of New English managed to get along with each other.1.Which of the following is the early colonists’ concern? (细节；简单)DA. Where to get food.B. Where to live.C. How to adapt to the new environment.D. How to get along with the Native Americans.2. Which word has the closest meaning with the underlined word? （猜词；较难）BA. businessB. agreementC. meetingD. dream3. How long had Metacomet been Chief? （细节；较难）AA. 1 yearB. 54 yearsC. 3 yearsD. 2 years4. The following statements are wrong except （细节；较难）CA. At first, all the tribes were friendly to the colonists.B. The first treaty was an unfair one.C. The war between the Native Americans and the colonists lasted for 3 years.D. The Native Americans defeated the colonists at last.BChock-full of nutrients, eggs have been called the total package when it comes to healthy foods. But with decades of warnings about them being unhealthy, could eggs really be all they’re cracked up to be?The concernsFor years, medical professionals advised against eating too many eggs because of their high cholesterol content. Many people followed this advice because of the stated link between high blood cholesterol levels and heart disease. Failing to find a direct link between eggs and heart disease, a 25-year study revealed that eating high-cholesterol foods doesn’t necessarily increase blood cholesterol levels. In addition, in 2000 the American Heart Association (AHA) revised its guidelines and stated that people with healthy cholesterol levels could enjoy eggs once again.The benefitsWhen it comes to nutrition, eggs contain 13 essential nutrients, one of which is critical to healthy brain function. Other nutrients have benefits such as helping to prevent blindness and aiding in weight management.Packed with protein but low in calories, eggs can be prepared in dozens of different ways and can be eaten with any meal.As with anything, moderation is the key, but if you’re looking for a nutritious, convenient and cheap food, it’s hard to beat the humble egg.5. According to some medical professionals’advice, eating too many eggs mightcause . (细节；C 较难)A. lung diseaseB. blood diseaseC. heart diseaseD. mental disease6. Which one is not the advantage mentioned in the text? （细节；D 简单）A. to prevent blindness and aiding in weight managementB. high in protein but low in caloriesC. easy to cook and cheapD. environmentally friendly and green7. The best title for the text can be . （主旨大意；A 难）A. The Amazing Eg g —Good news for those who enjoy eating eggs.B. The surprising Egg — Unknown secrets of eggs.C. The most nutritious food—eggs.D. The most beneficial food — eggs.CTo forgive may be holy, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. But forgiveness is possible—and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefuln ess,” says Frederic PhD, author of Forgive for Good. “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more energetic.” So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:Calm yourself.To remove your anger, try a simple stress-managementtechnique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Frederic said.Don't wait for an apology.“Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Frederic said. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an extremely long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean peace making with the person who upset you or treat of his or her action as harmless.Take the control away from your offender.Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused your pain. “Instea d of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Frederic said.Try to see things from the other person's position.In that way, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear，even love. To gain correct views, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don't forget to forgive yourself.“For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” Frederic said. “But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't do it.”8. How many steps should one follow if he or she wants to forgive? (细节；C简单)A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 79. What can we infer from the text? （推理；B较难）A. Your lovely kid gives you more pleasure than a beautiful scene in nature.B. The more you think of your offender, the angrier you will be;C. Nobody will apologize to you if he or she wants to hurt you.D. Whatever the offender do must be wrong.10. What’s the author’s attitude to forgiveness? （推理；D较难）A. passiveB. indifferentC. objectiveD. approving11. What did Frederic mean by saying the underlined sentence? （细节理解；A较难）A. Learn to forgive yourself, or you tend to lose confidence.B. You should be confident to forgive yourself.C. You should forgive yourself if you rob somebody of something.D. Robbery is a forgivable action.DA natural disaster is something that happens in nature. Man has no control over what happens. When it happens it can cause a lot of damage to the environment and human life. Let us have a look at some of the better known ones.Cyclones, tornadoes, typhoons and hurricanes are all very strong winds, strong enough to tear the roofs off the houses. Sometimes strong enough to knock walls down and pull trees up by their roots. The wind moves around in circles and it can suck anything upwards, carrying it for hundreds of kilometers. The winds bring storms with lots of lighting and thunder. The safest place to be during this kind ofweather is under the ground.A flood is when too much water covers normally dry land. The water is usually very deep, even deep enough to cover the tops of skyscrapers. Rivers, dams, lakes and even the sea can flood dry land when there has been too much rain. Too much melting snow and ice can also cause flooding. Flooding causes lots of damage to homes and property. People living on or near riverbanks are in the greatest danger. It takes a long time to put things right after a flood.A volcanic eruption is when melted rock deep inside the earth bursts out through the earth’s surface. The melted rock, called lava, hot gases and bits of solid all fly out of the hole of the volcanoes. V olcanoes in history are known to have wiped out whole towns, killing many people.A disaster that is not natural but is dangerous is global warming. Global warming is caused by man. The ice and snow in the North and South Poles is beginning to melt, and water levels all over the world are rising. This could cause flooding in normally dry places. This is a serious problem because life as we know it will have to change if we want to survive.12. The followings are natural disasters except . (细节；C简单)A. a typhoonB. a floodC. global warmingD. a volcanic eruption13. Where should we go if there is a hurricane? （细节；D较难）A. the bedroomB. the forestC. the playgroundD. the basement14. What can we learn from the last paragraph? （推理；A较难）A. We will have less and less land if we don’t take action now.B. Faced with global warming, we can do nothing.C. Man can’t survive global warming.D. There will be no lack of water if the water levels rise.15. Which is the best title for the text? （主旨大意；B较难）A. What is a natural disaster?B. Some of the most common disasters.C. How to avoid disasters?D. Global warming is a serious problem.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，出短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
英语国家概况(课后问答题)
英语国家概况（课后问答题）第一部分英国概况1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geographical name.2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?They are England, Scotland and Wales 3. What is the official name of Great Britain？The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland4. Where did the King Harold defeat Tostig and Harold Hardrada?( At Stanford Bridge)5.What did William do after he suppressed镇压the Saxon risings in the north?(He built a string of defense防卫castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.)6. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?( For nearly 400 years)7 What was the peculiar features of the feudal system of England?(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.)8 What did Willliam I leave to his sons after he died?( He left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his second son William, and a large sum of money to his third son, Henry.) 9 What was William I’s policytowards the church?(He wanted to keep it completely underhis control, but at the same time toupload its power.)10 When was the Domesday Bookcompleted?( In 1086)11 What was the consequence of theHundred Years’ War?(The French drove the English out oftheir land. By 1453, Calais was theonly part of France that was still in thehands of English)12 What did the Lollards preach?(The Lollards preached the equality ofmen before God)13 What were the two countriesElizabeth I successfully played offagainst each other for nearly 30years?( France and Spain were the twocountries that Elizabeth I successfullyplayed off against each other for nearly30 years)14 What was the outcome结果ofthe English Civil War?(It not only overthrew feudal system inEngland but also shook the foundationof the feudal rule in Europe. It isgenerally regarded as the beginning ofmodern world history.)15 What were the three main causesof Henry VIII’s religious reform ofthe Church?( The three main causes were: a desirefor change and reform in the Churchhad been growing for many years andnow, encouraged by the success ofMarin Luther, many people believed itstime had come; the privilege andwealth of the clergy were also resented;and Henry needed money)16 Which party did MargaretThatcher represent in the 1970s?(She represented the ConservativeParty)17 What did the Whigs stand for inthe early 19th century?Whigs stood for a reduction in Crownpatronage, sympathy towardsNonconformists, and care for theinterests of merchants and bankers.18 Why did changes in farmingmethods改变耕作方式affect lives ofmillions in the 18th century?(Because village and agriculture werethe backbone of England at that time.)19 When did Britain finally becomea full member of the EuropeanEconomic Community?(Britain finally became a full memberof the European Economic Communityin January, 1973)没背20 Why was Mrs. Thatcherremoved from office in 1990?(It was because of her opposition toEuropean Union and her imposition ofan extremely unpopular flatrate ‘polltax’ in place of property taxes to payfor local government service.21 What were the two groups of theChartiests? What was theirdifference?(The Chartists could be divided intotwo groups: the Moral Force Chartistsand the Physical Force Chartists. Theformer wanted to realize their aims bypeaceful means while the latter wantedto achieve their purpose by violence)22 What was the goal of the LondonWorking Men’s Association in itsstruggle?(It aimed to ‘ to seek by every legalmeans to place all classes of society inpossession of equal political and socialrights)23 Why was Britain known as the factory of the world in the mid-19th century?(Because the British economy was among the strongest in the world)24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(The Queen)25 How many members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the UK consist of ? (651Members of Parliament)26 What does the British Parliament consist of ?(It consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons) 27 What did the term ‘parliament’ originally mean?( It originally meant a meeting for parley or discussion)28 Where does the Sovereign’s coronation take place?(It takes place at Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂in London)29Where does the Queen’s expenditure arising from支出所产生的public duties come from?( The Queen’s expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments)30 How is the British House of Commons elected?The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage.31 What is a ‘shadow cabinet’ 影子内阁in Britain?( The party which wins the second largest number of seats in parliament becomes the Official Opposition and it forms its own ‘cabinet’ known as ‘shadow cabinet’32 What are the three main Christian festivals in Britain? (The three main Christian festivals inBritain are Christmas. Easter, and WhitSunday.)33 Who is directly responsible for theNHS in Britain?谁直接负责国民保健制度在英国(Central government is directlyresponsible for the NHS in Britain)34 What are the two establishedchurches in Britain?(They are the Church of England andthe Church of Scotland in Scotland)35 How many provinces does theChurch of England have?(The Church of England has twoprovinces: Canterbury and York)36What is the National Day inBritain?(The birthday of the British Monarch isa National Day in Britain)37 What does ‘Oxbridge’ refer to inGreat Britain?(It refers to the Universities of Oxfordand Cambridge)没背38 What kind of schools are theindependent schools in Britain?(The independent schools are thosesupported entirely by fees and privatefuns)39What are the three groups ofnation newspapers?(They are quality, popular andmid-market papers.)40 Which religion in Ireland is thelargest non-Catholic denomination?(The Anglican Church圣公会ofIreland is the largest non-Catholicdenomination.)没背41 What was the consequence ofthe Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?什么是后果，英爱条约1921？(Violentopposition to the treaty byultranationalists led to a civil war.)没背42 What was the result ofgrowing Irish nationalism in theearly decades of the 20th century?(Irish nationalism became stronger andeven more violent in the early decadesof the 20th century and climaxed in theEastern Uprising of 1916 in which anIrish Republic was proclaimed.)没背43 Wht happened after theEnglish king was declared the headof the Church of Ireland replaceingthe Pope?英国国王宣布爱尔兰教会领袖代替教皇(There followed centuries of religiousas well as political persecution政治迫害, which helped to strengthen anddeepen Ireland’s Catholic spirit.)第二部分美国部分1What are the two novels giving avivid description of the miserable lifeof the black slaves?(Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots)2 What is the reason for the growthof population in Florida?(Florida’s population growth owesmuch to its attractiveness both as aplace to retire and as a convenientplace for business with and travel toCentral and South America)3 When did the higher birth rateappear in the United States?(The birth rate appeared during ‘thebaby boom’[1946-1964]) ？？4 When was the Declaration ofIndependence adopted?(It was adopted on July4,1776)没背5Please write any three of the13 colonies the British establishedalong the east coast of NorthAmerica between 1607 and1733.(Virginia, Maine, NewHampshire)6What are the implications of the ‘Manifest Destiny’?The implications of ‘manifest Destiny’ are three fold(1)the inevitability of the founding of the United States of America;是必然的(2)the legitimacy 合法的of the expansion of America Territory美国领土; (3) the spread of American democracy美国民主being the task任务of American people who were cho sen to do the Lord’s work.没背7 What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?邦联条款They were:(1)There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch;没有执行或执法部门(2)Congress国会was too large a body to function功能as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes.国会无权征税8What agreement did America and Britain sign in 1783 by which Britain recognized the independence of the United States? The Treaty of Paris9 What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?They were representive form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.。
America-The Story Of Us E07-E08
[04:00.63]我认为 雕像不仅仅是雕像 I think a statue is not just a statue.
[04:03.63]
[04:00.63]梅丽尔·斯特里普 [著名演员]
[04:05.18]
[04:03.63]其象征意义才是最重要的 I think symbols really matter.
[03:33.03]里面是4美元 You will find enclosed $4."
[03:34.89]这钱本来是我们存起来看马戏用的 "The money we saved to go to the circus with."
[03:37.39]
[03:37.69]捐款从全国各地源源不断地涌来 Donations flood in from all across the country,
[00:43.89]
[00:45.16]我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生 Our struggles will become a nation.
[00:48.00]
[00:48.30] 美国: 我们的故事
[00:50.92]
[00:51.22] 本字幕由 YYeTs人人影视 原创翻译制作 仅供学习 禁止用于任何商业盈利行为 更多影视更新 请登陆
[00:31.41]
[00:33.97]我们是前锋 We are pioneers
[00:35.41]也是先驱 and trailblazers.
[00:37.32]我们为自由而战 We fight for freedom.
[00:39.85]
[00:40.50]我们将梦想付诸现实 We transform our dreams into the truth.
新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习题选择填空
Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world.2.The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3.The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains4.Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin.5.The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer.6.The western part of Washington State has the highest rainfall in the US.7.The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan8.The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah.1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas:A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the AppalachiansB. the Mississippi River BasinC. the Rockies west to the Pacific3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile.4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables.5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, and from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma and California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges.6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive.Chapter 2 American Population1.The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry.2.About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s.3.The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 1954.4.American Indians now mainly live in the South.5.The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain.6.The West now leads in percentage increase in population.7.According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes.8.The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South.1.The United States is the third most populous nation in the world.2.Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race, and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter.3.The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally freed in1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line.4.The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a “model minority” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia.2.“The ambition for the vast lands”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century.3. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach India.4. Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India.5. John Cabot was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the east.6. New York was not founded first by the English.7. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except Virginia. (New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland)8. The last one of the 13 colonies was Georgia, which was established in 1733.1. In 1488 Bartholomew Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, financed by rulers of Spain sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the islands of the Caribbean. He was convinced that he had found the continent of Asia.2. The South Africa was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci who showed the land he arrived in was a new continent. Before long the land was named America after his name.3. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in 1607. In 1620, Pilgrims and others arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts. They drew up “Mayflower Compact”4. By 1775, the 13 colonies in North America could be classified as the following three kinds. Specify how the governors were chosen in each.a. Royal: appointed by the English Kingb. Proprietary: chosen by proprietorsc. Self-governing: elected by residents5. Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they become a center for fishing and shipbuilding. The middle colonies were known as the breadbasket, which produced wheat and potatoes as the major staple. The southern colonies developed a plantation system. The main crop in the South was tobacco. Much later, cotton became important crop.Chapter 4 American Revolution1. There was a great change in policy towards the 13 colonies after 1763.2. The Stamp Act of 1765 first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies.3. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order to help the British East India Company.4. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies except Georgia.5. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in Lexington.6. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists to declare their in dependence.7. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.8. The victory at Saratoga was considered as the turning point of the War of Independence.1. During the colonial days the English ruling class did everything they could to control the development of the colonial economy. The colonies in North America were supposed to complement and not compete with English industry.2. Within the five years from 1763 to 1767 after the war with France, the British government adopted several measures to extract more money from colonies. The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, for example, laid taxes on certain imports and numerous articles in America to help pay for the costs of British government in the colonies.3. The Sons of Liberty was formed in 1765 to organize the opposition to the Stamp Act. They favored to take violent action to the stamp collectors.4. The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in Sep.1774. The majority of the representatives still favor to take peaceful means to settle the quarrel with the British. They agreed to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the British government to give in to their demands. This united action could be called boycott.5. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. Karl Marx once called it “the first declaration of the rights of the individual”.6. The American War of Independence lasted 7 years. The fighting was actually ended in 1781, but the final treaty between Britain and the United States was signed in Paris in 1783. The boundaries of the United States were fixed roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west and from the Great Lakes on the north to Spanish Florida on the south. The direct social change brought about by the American Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. The confederation created in 1781 was a very loose union of states.2. James Madison was called the Father of the US Constitution.3. The Constitution was frames on the following ideals except that the new government should impose its authority on the people through states.4. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called Federalists.5. Nine States were needed to ratify the Constitution.6. “They spell out the people’s right” is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers.7. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least three-fourths of the states.8. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was James Madison.1. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a legislature; it had no separate executive and judicial divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and to tax their citizens.2. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. Fifty-five delegates from all states except Rhode Island attended the opening session. The president of the convention was George Washington.3. The Antifederalists opposed the constitution and preferred a more decentralized federal system of government.4. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in 1788. The first Vice-President was John Adams, and the first Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, and the first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson.5. the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase, which was about 828,000 square miles. This Purchase doubled the area of the then United States.6. The War of 1812 is also called the Second War of Independence. This war lasted three years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national unity and patriotism. And it was after this war that the US was able to make the change of a semi-colonial economy into a really independent national economy.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except Latin America for Europeans.2. The US continental expansion was almost complete by 1848.3. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because of the Whitney’s cotton gin.4. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some abolitionists.5. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Union.6. “It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States” about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate.7. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its industrial superiority.8. An advantage the South had over the North was its superior military leadership.1. The essence of the Monroe Doctrine was “America for Americans” which later became the cornerstone of the US foreign policy.2. The US expansion to the west may be treated in three stages;A. the settlement of the region between seaboard states and the Mississippi RiverB. the settlement of the Louisiana Territoryc. the occupation of the far Southwest.3. The great majority of dwellers in Louisiana Territory were the descendants of the French pioneers. They settled mainly in two cities: St. Louis and New Orleans.4. Oregon Territory was settled between Britain and the United States in 1846. Its boundary on the north was fixed at the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude.5. Under Missouri Compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but the balance of political power maintained by admission of Maine as a free state. In addition, slavery was to be prohibited in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the line36°30’ parallel.6. In 1862, the federal government took two revolutionary measures: (1) Homestead Act and (2) Emancipation proclamation.7. In July 1863 came the turning point of the war at Gettysburg. Here the Confederate army under the general Robert E. Lee was defeated. The battlefield was made a national cemetery, where Lincoln gave his famous speech, the Gettysburg Address, on November 19, 1863.8. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which abolished slavery throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings was Andrew Johnson.2. The radical Reconstruction was ended under the President Rutherford B. Hays3. Gold was discovered in California in 1848.4. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in 1869.5. Telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander D. Bell.6. The value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by 1900.7. The first imperialist war, the US—Spanish War, broke out in 1898.8. After the US—Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas except Cuba (Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines)1. The Reconstruction Acts divided all the former Confederate states, except Tennessee, into five military districts and each was put under the control of a Northern army officer. The officer had the power to keep order and to enforce martial law if necessary.2. During the Reconstruction period many Northerners moved to the south .Whatever their motives, these Northerners came to be called carpetbaggers because they were said to have brought all their belongings to the South in a small, cheap suitcase made out of a carpet like material.3. During the Reconstruction the Southern whites who supported the radical reconstruction and joined the Republican Party were called scalawags. They were considered as traitors by the Southern Democrats.4. The KKK, founded in Tennessee in 1866, was a secret society for restoring white supremacy and driving blacks out of politics.5. During Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency the US got control of Panama Canal.Chapter 8 World War I and the Depression1. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the first place in economy in Europe was Germany.2. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observe strict neutrality.3. The US joined the First World War in 1917.4. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of creation of an international peacekeeping force.5. “Only the rich could afford new consumer goods” about the US in 1920s is not true.6. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thou ght that the basic role of the Government was to “create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprises”.7. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of overproduction.8. “It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar” is not right to comment on the New Deal.1. The First World War was waged between two groups of imperialist powers: the Allies and the Central European Power.2. The direct cause that made the US declare war on Germany in 1917was the Germany’s unlimited campaign.3. The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was the formation of the League of Nations.4. The United States didn’t join the League of Nations because the US Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles.5. Three major treaties were concluded at the Washington Conference:(1) The Four-Power Treaty, respecting the status quo in the Pacific.(2) The Five-Power Treaty, on naval arms apportionment.(3) The Nine-Power Treaty, guaranteeing the independence and integrity of China in appearance, but actually a public international affirmation of the Open Door policy.6. The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted in 1920, which granted women the right to vote.7. The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the Stock Market in New York in October, 1929. This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.Chapter 9 American During and After World War II1. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except active intervention to prevent aggression.2. The US formally entered the Second World War in 1941.3. Normandy Landing took place on June 6, 1944.4. At Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945 did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to call a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945.5. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.6. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.7. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under the President Lyndon B. Johnson.8. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China and the US was established under the President Carter.1. The cash-and-carry policy allowed US citizens to sell certain no prohibited goods to belligerent nations as long as thosegoods were not transported on American ships.2. Lend-Lease Act enabled any country whose defense the President considered vital to that of the US to receive arms and other equipment and supplies by sale, transfer, exchange, or lease. F.D. Roosevelt explained the Act would make the US the arsenal of world democracy.3. Civil rights involve government protection of individuals against discrimination based on their race,religion nation origin, gender, age, and other factors. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was honored for his effort to fight discrimination. In 1964, he won the Nobel Prize for peace.4. Star Wars program was proposed by President Reagan in 1983. The program seeks to construct a defensive “shield” against incoming missiles. The shield would be made of laser and electronic devices that would destroy such missiles launched to attack the US.5. In 1990, President Bush ordered Operation Desert Storm to punish Iraq, more than 200000 US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, and the US navy blocked all oil exports from Iraq and all imports except food.6. Under Clinton, the US enjoyed an economic growth for nine consecutive years. This phenomenon, hardly seen before, has been termed the “new economy” by some. The fundamental reason for it is that American economic structure went through essential changes because of the promotion of scientific and technological progress.Chapter 10 the Federal System and Congress1. The power of the state in the US is actually from both B and C. (the state constitution, the US Constitution)2. The supreme law of the United States includes all the above three.3. The terms of the senator and representative are six and two years respectively.4.”The 17th Amendment (1913)” provided for the direct election of senators.5. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in the Senate.6. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in the House.7. The Speaker of the House is second in line in presidential succession.8. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in the Rules Committee.1. Federalism means the division of powers by a constitution between the central government and state government. It operates only on two levels, the national and the states. Units of government within a state enjoy no independent existence.2. Separation of powers in the United States means not only allocating legislative power to Congress, executive power to President and judicial power to the Supreme Court, but also giving each branch constitutional and political independence and checks and balances that ensure each of the three branches a sufficient role in the actions of the others.3. According to the Constitution, members of the House of Representatives must be25years old and must have been citizens for 7 years. Senators must be at least 30 and must have been citizens for 9 years.4. The Vice President is officially the presiding officer and is called the president of the Senate. In fact he seldom appears in the Senate chamber in this role unless it appears that there might be tie vote in the Senate. In such instances, he casts the tiebreaking vote. To deal with day-to-day business, the Senate chooses the president pro tempore.5. A senator who wants to delay action on a bill or kill it altogether may use a tactic called a filibuster. It can be cut off only through cloture.6. Lobbying is part of the citizen’s right to petition government in the US. Now there are thousands of lobbyists in Washington D.C. Their influence in making the US policy is so great that some people call them “the third house”.Chapter 11 The President and the Judiciary1. The 22nd Amendment in following limits the President to two successive terms only.2. The American President has all the following powers except declaring war on another country.3. The president’s major appointments should be approved by the Senate.4. “It requires the approval of Congress” is not correct to explain the executive agreement.5. The President’s veto can be overridden by two-third votes in both houses.6. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries are the district courts.7. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is to interpret the US constitution.8. The case involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in the federal district courts.1.By law any natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of age and of being a resident within the United States for 14years can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualified president-elect takes office on the20th of January following his election.2.The war powers resolution (1973) requires the President to consult congress and withdraw troops after sixty days unless Congress specifically approves the continued deployment of troops.3.A federal law gave President an item veto in 1996, which is an authority to reject specific sections of a bill without having to veto the entire bill.4.The Supreme Court has the power to examine the bills passed by Congress and policies made by President, and declare them unconstitutional and thus abolish them. John Marshall, the most famous chief justice in American history called this power of interpretation judicial review5.There are three federal court levels: 1) the district courts 2) the courts of appeal 3) the Supreme Court. All the judges of federal courts are appointed by President with the consent of the Senate. The state court system also has a hierarchy of three levels: 1) superior courts, 2) appellate courts, 3) a state supreme court. The state court judges are usually elected. The term of the country court judges is usually four years. And the judges in higher state courts usually sever eight or twelve years for one termChapter 12 Political Parties and Elections1. The emblem of the Democratic Party is donkey.2. The first Democratic President was Thomas Jefferson.3. The first Republican President was Abraham Lincoln.4. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was Grover Cleveland.5. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated at the national convention.6. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on the Tues, after the 1st Mon.7. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of its senators and Representatives.8. The American President is actually elected by presidential electors.1. Two factions emerged during the ratification of the US Constitution. One group was called Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton. They favored business development, a strong national government, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Another group led by Thomas Jefferson was called Democratic-Republicans. They called for a society based on small farms, a relatively weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The roots of today’s Republican Party lie in the Federalists, while the Democrats can trace their beginnings back to Antifederalists or Democratic-Republicans.2. In general, Democrats traditionally have supported workers and minorities, while the Republicans are known for known for their support of business and conservative positions on social issues.3. Before 1971 the only state that gave 18-year-old the right to vote was Georgia; all other states set the age at 21. In 1971 the 26th Amendment to the Constitution lowered the voting age to 18.4. The voting percentage now is very low in the United States. In general older people with more education and high income tend to vote, while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the Unites States.5. The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes. This is known as the “winner-take-all” principle. The candidate who wins the majority of the 538 Electoral College votes will be the US President in the next four years.。
英语国家概
3。澳大利亚的“红色中心”是什么意思？答：It refers to an area with red-brown and tan soils in the heart of the country.
20。美国内战原因？答：Black slavery caused the American Civil War
21。英国在美国的第一个致殖民地是在何时何地形成的？答：The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown,Virginia,in 1607
17。“Benifits of clergy”解释？答：It referred to the privilege given to clerks charged with criminal offences were tried in the Bishop's court didn't inflict corporal punishment.
24。“Roundheads” 解释？答：Roundheads were supporters of Parliament in the English Civil Wars ,they were called Roundheads because of their short haircuts.
18。谁是英国文艺复兴最好的见证人？答：The finest exponents were William Shakespeare,Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson
英美国家文化概况课后选择题答案
UNIT31.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptMartin Luther King4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptsalvation through the church.5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?separation of state and church.6. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed becausethe English king did not like the plan.7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic exceptWilliam Penn.8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromJohn Locke.9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?Catholics.10. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of “the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.UNIT41. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.2. According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true?Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.3. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Rhode Island.4. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,t here was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? The legislative.6.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?The president can make laws.7. The Bill of Rights consists of10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?The freedom of searching a person's home by police.9. The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 exceptthe powers of the president.10. The New Deal was started byFranklin Roosevelt.UNIT 51. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of Rhode Island.2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in United States.firearms industry3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in 1863.4. In which year was the United States rated NO.1 in terms of production capacity in the world? 19455. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?Steelmaking6. The United States was rated forth in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.7. The United States produces as much as half of the world’ssoybeans and corn.8. Which of the following is generally considered as an important institutional factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?Laissez-faire9. Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?Thomas Jefferson10. The latest technology that farmers have adopted iscomputersUNIT61. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?The Catholics2. Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?Public money is provided to support religious schools.3. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?Islamic4. Which of the following is true?Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women,5. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?The Catholic Church6. Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the US.7. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except for finding a job in society.8. Which of the following statement is NOT correct according to the author?Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.UNIT 71. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?Washington Irving2. Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?Moby Dick3. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?Walden4. Whitman’s poetry has the following characteristics exceptfragmented haunting images5. Mark Twain’s work are characterized by the following exceptegotism6. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson’s poems. Which one is NOT? Her poems are very long and powerful.7. Henry James was mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.8. Sherwood Anderson is NOT included in the group of naturalists.9. Three of the following authors are Noble Prize winners. Which one is NOT?F.Scott Fitzgerald.10. John Steinbeck does NOT belong to the ‘Lost Generation’.11. Lig ht in August was NOT written by Hemingway.12. Which of the following is NOT an African-American author?Alan Ginsberg13. The following author were women writers who wrote novels in the 19th and early 20th century with the exception ofWilla Cather14. The following writers represent new American voices exceptT.S.Eliot15. Among the following Native American writers, whose publications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance?Scott Momaday’sUNIT 81.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Politics and business education.2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _______.boards of education3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?Elementary school, secondary school.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?Research institutions5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?Large universities offer scholarships to all students.6. The most important reason for students wanting to get into more desirable institutions because they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.they pass the college entrance examinations8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?The State University of New York9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _______. Investment10. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyUNIT 91. Black American sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, ______affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.We Shall Overcome!2. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as Ku Klux Klan.3. The reason why many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was thatthey resented traditional white male values in US society4. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ______to educate people about war in Vietnam.Teach-in5. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?The students for a democratic society6. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when ______delivered his “I Have a Dream”Martin Luther King, Jr.7. In January 1965, President Johnson declared “_______”to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”War on poverty8. Unlike Martin Luther King, _______the chief spokesperson of Black Muslins advocated violence in self defense and black pride.Malcolm X9.During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as _____to integrate interstate buses and bus station in the South.Freedom rides10. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India’s leader Gandhi, _______was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1964.Martin Luther King,Jr.11. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____the Hippies12. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _______by _________, they found a voice.The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanUNIT 101. Which of the following statement is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.2. the main factor contributing to the widening income gap between blacks and whites in the 1970s was _____black had low position and low pay in the workplace hierarchy3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? The aggressive nature of these groups.4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?Robbery5. Which of the following statement is NOT true?The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.6. Accoding to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.7. If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPTliving near city centers8. Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?The CIAUNIT111. When did the word stereotype come into use in English?Early 17th century2. Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that might restrict gun ownership?The NRA (national Rifle Association)3. Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?Facebook4. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?Israel Zangwill5. What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?The 16th-century Reformation6. Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.7. Which of the following was President Franklin D.Roosevelt’s main concern?Social justice8. According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw. What is it?American is not open to change .9.The internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today. Which one is NOT? People can freely download MP3 music10. Which of the following institution is responsible for the making of the Internet?The US military11. Free use of the Internet in the US responds to the basic American values, except that _____it doesn’t help create material wealth.12. Which of the following helps theorize the concept of Fraternity? Karl Marx。
十三的英文是什么
十三的英文是什么说到十三，大家会不会想起拼命十三郎呢?它的英文表达是什么你们又知道吗?下面是店铺给大家整理的十三的英文是什么，供大家参阅! 十三的英文是什么thirteen英 [ˌθɜ:ˈti:n]美 [ˌθɜrˈtin]十三的英语例句1. Many people think thirteen is an evil number.很多人认为十三是个不吉利的数字.2. The youngest princess is only 13 years old.最小的公主才十三岁.3. Their story is the subject of a new book titled "The Golden Thirteen".一本题为《金色十三》的新书讲述了他们的故事。
4. On the eve of the Revolution, the colonies produced thirty thousand tons of crude iron a year.独立战争前夕，北美十三州每年生产3万吨生铁。
5. The lights would be switched off at the main at twenty - three thirty.到二十三点三十分电门总闸就要关掉.6. Article 43 A registration fee shall be paid when registering building property.第四十三条房产登记须缴纳登记费用.7. For example, they don't like to live on the thirteenth floor.例如, 他们不喜欢住在第十三层楼.8. Wholly depressed, he started for Thirteenth Street."他彻底灰心了, 便朝十三街走去.9. " Thirteenth Street,'said Carrie, reluctantly . " 112 West. "“ 十三街, "嘉莉很不情愿地说, " 西一百一十二号. ”10. 'It's twenty - three at the hostel.“ 宿舍是二十三点.11. Thirty - two state legislatures and thirty - three governors had endorsed the League.三十二个州议会和三十三个州长已认可国际联盟.12. When he was thirteen, his extraordinary good looks were already apparent.当他十三岁时, 他那出众的相貌已经显露出来.13. There are thirty - three desks and thirty - three chairs in the classroom.教室里有三十三张桌子和三十三把椅子.14. How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old.你的姊妹几岁? 她十三岁.15. I know of a man who has thirteen children.我听说有一个人养了十三个孩子.十三thirteen的双语例句1. Cairo has only thirteen square centimetres of green space for each inhabitant.开罗居民的人均绿地面积仅13平方厘米。
英语国家社会与文化 America 1答案
1.W hat’s the official name of America? The United States of America.2.W hat’s the capital of the U.S.? Washington D.C.3.W hat’s the name of the national flag of the United States?The American flag.4.W hat do the 13 stripes stand for and what about the 50 stars?The 13 stripes stand for the 13 colonies that became the earliest states of the United States and the 50 stars represent 50 states today. 5.W hat’s the name of the national Anthem of the U. S.?“Star Spangled Banner”.（星条旗）6.W hat’s the location of the United States?The United States lies in central North America with Canada to its North, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west.7.H ow large is an area does the United States cover?It has a land area of some 9.4 million square kilometers.8.I s it true that America is the fourth largest country in the world in sizeafter Russia, China and Brazil?No, America is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.9.W hich state is the largest one and which is the smallest?Alaska is the largest state and Rhode Island （罗德岛）the smallest. 10.What mountains are the biggest mountain ranges in the United States?The Appalachian Mountain （阿巴拉契亚）and the Rocky mountains.11.What is the backbone of the North American continent?The Rockies.12.What’s the other name of the Rockies?The Continental Divide. （大陆分水岭）13.Is it true that the United States is rich in water resources?Yes, it is.14.What are the five Great lakes? Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Eric, and Lake Ontario.五大湖（Great Lakes）是位于加拿大与美国交界处的几座大型淡水湖泊，按面积从大到小分别为：苏必利尔湖（Lake Superior）、休伦湖（Lake Huron）、密歇根湖（Lake Michigan）、伊利湖（Lake Erie）和安大略湖（Lake Ontario）。
独立宣言原文与林语堂译文
《独立宣言》The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen ColoniesIn CONGRESS, July 4, 1776The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America,When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained, and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies, without the consent of our legislatures.He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:For protecting them by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:For depriving us in many cases of the benefits of Trial by Jury:For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fitinstrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.He has abdicated Government here by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms. Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren.We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here.We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare.That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that theyare Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown,and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved;and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce,and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor. The signers of the Declaration represented the new states as follows:New Hampshire:Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew ThorntonMassachusetts:John Hancock, Samual Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge GerryRhode Island:Stephen Hopkins, William ElleryConnecticut:Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver WolcottNew York:William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis MorrisNew Jersey:Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark Pennsylvania:Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George RossDelaware:Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKeanMaryland:Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of CarrolltonVirginia:George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter BraxtonNorth Carolina:William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John PennSouth Carolina:Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur MiddletonGeorgia:Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton在人类事务发展的过程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的联系，并按照自然法则和上帝的旨意，以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。
九江2024年05版小学6年级上册第5次英语第4单元真题[含答案]
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九江2024年05版小学6年级上册英语第4单元真题[含答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:120）A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 选择题：What do we call a baby goat?A. KidB. LambC. PuppyD. Calf2. ers are known for their vivid ______ and ability to thrive in gardens. (某些花以其鲜艳的颜色和在花园中茁壮成长而闻名。
) 填空题：Some flo3. 选择题：What is the main ingredient in sushi?a. Fishb. Chickenc. Beefd. Pork答案:a4. 选择题：What is the term for a young snake?A. HatchlingB. PupC. KitD. Calf答案:A. Hatchling5. 听力题：My sister likes to keep a ____ (diary) every day.__________ are used in the production of food additives.7. 听力题：A sound wave can travel through a vacuum, but ______ cannot.8. 选择题：What is the name of the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci?A. The Starry NightB. The Last SupperC. Mona LisaD. Girl with a Pearl Earring答案: C9. 选择题：What is the name of the famous artist known for his abstract paintings?A. PicassoB. Van GoghC. Da VinciD. Monet答案:A10. 听力题：Australia is known for its _______ animals.11. 填空题：I saw a ________ at the pet shop.12. 填空题：My family enjoys having ________ (晚餐) together.13. 选择题：What is the largest ocean on Earth?A. AtlanticB. IndianC. ArcticD. Pacific14. 听力题：The _____ (电话) is ringing.15. 填空题：My mom enjoys __________ (参加) family celebrations.16. ts are ______ (抗病) and thrive in tough conditions. 填空题：Some plaI love to _____ (play/study) sports.18. 选择题：Which animal is known for its long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. LionD. Bear19. 填空题：A horse can pull heavy ________________ (车).20. 选择题：What is the shape of a basketball?A. SquareB. RectangleC. TriangleD. Circle答案: D21. 选择题：What do you call the process of washing clothes?A. CleaningB. WashingC. DryingD. Folding答案: A22. 听力题：The chemical symbol for zinc is ______.23. 填空题：A _____ (章鱼) can fit through small openings.24. 填空题：My brother is really _____ (幽默) and always makes me laugh.25. 听力题：My favorite color is _____ (blue/red).26. 听力题：A ________ is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.27. 选择题：Which vegetable is orange and long?B. CarrotC. PotatoD. Onion答案:B28. 填空题：A wallaby can jump high like a ______ (袋鼠).29. 选择题：Which of these animals can fly south for the winter?A. SquirrelB. BearC. BirdD. Fish答案:C30. 听力题：My friend is very ________.31. 选择题：What is the name of the fairy tale character who lost her glass slipper?A. Snow WhiteB. CinderellaC. RapunzelD. Sleeping Beauty32. 听力题：The man is very ________.33. 听力题：The main gas in the atmosphere is ______.34. 填空题：The __________ (美国独立战争) was fought between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain.35. 选择题：What do we call the time when it is very hot outside?A. WinterB. SpringC. SummerD. Fall答案: C36. 选择题：What do you call a person who studies animals?B. ZoologistC. EcologistD. Botanist37. 听力题：My ______ is a dedicated teacher.38. 填空题：The horse gallops across the ______.39. 选择题：Which of these animals can swim?A. DogB. CatC. FishD. Bird40. 填空题：The capital of the Philippines is ________ (马尼拉).41. 填空题：My favorite animal is a _______ (大象).42. 填空题：The __________ is the habitat for polar bears. (北极)43. 选择题：What do bees make?A. MilkB. HoneyC. BreadD. Juice答案:B44. 听力题：I see a ___ on the shelf. (book)45. 选择题：What is the name of the famous bear from the Hundred Acre Wood?A. PaddingtonB. Winnie the PoohC. YogiD. SmokeyThe Earth's surface is constantly being shaped by wind and ______.47. 选择题：Which animal says 'meow'?哪种动物会“喵喵”叫？A. DogB. CatC. CowD. Sheep答案: B48. 选择题：What do you call the holiday that celebrates the harvest?A. ThanksgivingB. ChristmasC. EasterD. New Year49. 听力题：A _______ is a large body of freshwater surrounded by land.50. 填空题：The ______ (气味) of fresh grass is delightful.51. 选择题：What is the opposite of 'big'?A. SmallB. TallC. WideD. Long答案: A52. Plains were home to many Native American ______ (部落). 填空题：The Grea53. 选择题：What is the name of the popular animated series about a family of superheroes?A. The IncrediblesB. The SimpsonsC. Family GuyD. Avatar答案: A54. 听力题：His favorite movie is a ________.My ________ (玩具名称) is a special part of my life.56. 选择题：What do we call a story that is not true?a. Factb. Fictionc. Legendd. History答案:b57. 填空题：Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of _____.58. 填空题：I enjoy learning about different ______ (科学发现) and their impact on our lives. It’s inspiring.59. 听力题：A ______ is a natural barrier formed by geographical features.60. 听力题：The clock _____ ticks loudly. (always)61. 听力题：A _______ can be a great educational tool.62. 选择题：How many players are there in a soccer team?A. 9B. 10C. 11D. 1263. 填空题：Every month, I write a letter to my ______ (笔友). It’s fun to share our lives and experiences.64. Carta was signed in __________ (1215年) in England. 填空题：The Maya65. 选择题：Which of these is a vegetable?A. AppleB. CarrotC. BananaD. Grape66. 填空题：My _____ (花园) is full of flowers.67. grant application) requests funding for initiatives. 填空题：The ____68. 听力题：The chemical structure of a compound can be represented by a ______ formula.69. 填空题：I hope to discover new passions as I continue to _______ (成长) and learn.70. 选择题：What do we call the study of animal behavior?A. ZoologyB. EthologyC. EcologyD. Biology答案:B71. 听力题：The ____ has a long tail and loves to swing from branches.72. 填空题：The chef teaches cooking _____ (课).73. 填空题：The invention of the radio changed the way we _____.74. 听力题：The Civil Rights Act was signed in the year ________.75. 听力题：I can ________ my bike to school.76. 填空题：Did you spot a _______ (小鹤) flying in the sky?77. 填空题：The _____ (小马) trots around the pasture happily. 小马在牧场上快乐地小跑。
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Settled by the Dutch and
Swedes, but England took control in 1664. Then it was granted to William Penn by Charles II in 1681. Great place to grow and raise wheat, corn, cattle, and dairy. Named for William Penn and for the Latin word sylvania, meaning “forest.”
Land was granted to
Lord Baltimore. Catholic colony Named for “Queen Henrietta Maria of England.”
Settled by two different Massachusetts groups and was united
Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut
New Hampshire
New York Delaware New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Virginia Maryland North Carolina
South Carolina
Originally settled by the
Swedes, but taken over by the Dutch in 1655. Then England took control in 1664. Great area for fishing and lumbering. Named for the Delaware tribe and an early governor of Virginia, “Lord de la Warr.”
Georgia
Founded by the London
Company (John Smith). Great place to grow tobacco, wheat, and corn. Named for England’s Queen Elizabeth I. (“Virgin Queen”)
Founded by the Dutch West
India Company and was known as “New Netherland.” It was renamed in 1664 when the English took control. Area was great for shipbuilding and iron works. Also, a good place to grow grain, rind to raise cattle. Named for the “Duke of York.”
Was named New Haven Colony in 1638 and soon renamed Connecticut. Great land for growing wheat and corn and for catching fish. Its name came from an Indian word, meaning “beside the long river.”
Settled by members of
the other colonies. Granted a private company in 1663 and divided into two colonies in 1711. Great place to grow indigo, rice, and tobacco. Name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning “Charles.”
Originally settled by the Dutch, but in 1644 it was
taken over by England. Great place for ironworking and lumbering. Named for the “Isle of Jersey in England.”
Granted a private
company by George II in 1732 and was settled a year later in Savannah. (James Oglethorpe) Created as a prison colony Named for England’s King George II.
in 1644. Rhode Island was a great place for raising livestock, dairy, and fishing. The name came from the Dutch, meaning “red island.”
Founded by settlers originally from Massachusetts and other colonies.
Founded originally as
Plymouth Colony in 1620 by the Pilgrims Founded for religious freedom Great for fishing, growing corn, and raising livestock. Also, great place for lumbering and shipbuilding.
Originally part of Maine,
but became its own colony in 1629. Then from 16411643, it became part of Massachusetts. Finally, in 1679 it became its own colony again. Famous for fishing industry and for shipbuilding. Named for the “county of Hampshire in England.”
Originally part of the
Carolina Colony. Separated in 1711, and became a Royal Providence in 1729. Like North Carolina it had great land for growing indigo, rice, tobacco, and cotton. Like North Carolina, the name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning “Charles.”
Virginia (1607) Massachusetts (1620) New York (1626) Maryland (1633) Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636) Delaware (1638) New Hampshire (1638) North Carolina (1653) South Carolina (1663) New Jersey (1664) Pennsylvania (1682) Georgia (1732)