高中英语 语法精讲系列(五)
2019外研版高中英语选择性必修三Unit5 语法-精讲破
Unit5语法-精讲破非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式（现在分词和动名词）和过去分词，不同时态、语态下的非谓语动词的形式如下（以do为例）一、非谓语动词作主语1.非谓语动词作主语的基本用法观察To say is one thing, to do is another.Living in the city brings him lots of job chances.归纳（1）非谓语动词中能作主语的是动词不定式和动词-ing形式（此处指动名词），①不能作主语；（2）动词不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作，动名词作主语常表示经常性、习惯性的动作，两者的谓语动词通常都用②形式。
2. it代替非谓语动词作形式主语观察It took him half a year to recover from the sadness of breaking up with his girlfriend.It is no use quarrelling about it with me.归纳当较长的不定式短语和动名词短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用③作形式主语，将动词不定式短语和动名词短语后置。
二、非谓语动词作宾语1.动词不定式和动词-ing形式（动名词）作宾语观察He managed to avoid an accident yesterday morning.People who are overweight may have difficulty in breathing，walking or sitting.归纳（1）动词不定式可作及物动词的宾语，常接不定式作宾语的动词有:同意提供有计划（④、⑤、⑥）要求答应想帮忙（demand、promise、want、help）准备决定要拒绝（⑦、⑧、⑨）期望选择有希望（expect、choose，hope、wish）不能负担莫假装（⑩、⑪ 、⑫ ）打算设法决心坚（intend、manage determine）（2）动词-ing形式（动名词）可作及物动词或介词的宾语，常接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）有：考虑建议盼原谅（consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon）承认推迟和想象（⑬ 、delay/put off fancy）避免错过继续练（⑭ 、miss，keep/keep on、⑮ ）否认完成就欣赏（deny、⑯ 、⑰ ）禁止想象才冒险（forbid、⑱ 、risk）不禁介意准逃亡（can’t help、⑲ 、allow/permit、⑳ ）（3）接动词-ing形式（动名词）作宾语的结构有：have difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难；spend some time，/money in doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事；be busy in doing sth.忙于做某事。
人教版(2019)高中英语必修第三册Unit 5重点句式和语法讲解
人教版高中英语必修第三册Unit 5重点句式和语法讲解UNIT 5 THE V ALUE OF MONEY1.It was the first time Chen Liyan’s story was reported.这是第一次报道陈丽燕的故事。
【句式剖析】It is the first time that sb...是固定句式,意为“这是某人第一次做某事”,在此句型中,that 可省略,it可换成this或that,first可换成second,third等,以表达不同的意义。
That is the second time that I have been invited to such conferences.那是我第二次被邀请参加这样的会议。
【温馨提示】在It is the first time that...引导的句子中,如果主句用一般现在时,从句通常用现在完成时;若主句用一般过去时,从句通常用过去完成时。
It was the first time in Olympic history that five mascots had been chosen.这是奥林匹克历史上第一次选出了五个吉祥物。
2.About a month ago,I was sailing,and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.大约一个月前,我在航行,夜幕降临时,我发现自己被大风吹到了海上。
【句式剖析】该句是find sth done结构,carried out是过去分词短语,作宾语myself的补足语。
动词carry与myself在逻辑上是动宾关系。
He found his house broken into and many of the things stolen.他发现房子被闯入,许多东西被盗了。
【句式拓展】可构成此种短语的动词还有:see sthdone看到某事被做hear sthdone听到某事被做watchsthdone看到某事被做notice sthdone注意到某事被做have sthdone让人做某事3.Yes,I was about to go get the letter.是的,我正想去拿信。
高中英语高考冲刺语法专题5谓语动词语态(学生版)
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(
)
The book is well sold.(
)
【查漏补缺】
单句语法填空
1. 1. She _________ (divorce) her husband after years of unhappiness and married again soon.
例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为
He______________a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不
观察例句总结被动语态在不同时态下的被动语态结构。
1. Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2. All the preparations for the task have been pleted, and we're ready to start. 3. A new cinema is being built here．
① The plan worked out successfully. ② The lamps on the wall turned off. ③ The bike needs repairing. ＝The bike needs to be repaired. ④ The picturebook is well worth reading．＝The picturebook is very worthy to be read． ⑤ This problem is difficult to work out. ⑥ Who is to blame for starting the fire? 结论： (3) 当 break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、 制定＂等意思时； (4) want，require，need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 (5) be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。 (6) 在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 ※ 注意：这些形容词有 nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting 等。 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。 拓展补充： 被动语态与系表结构的区别： 此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要 注意它们的区别： 被动语态强调______________；系表结构表示____________________________。
专题05 形容词副词--2023年高考高中英语语法课件(全国通用)
(1)副词作状语
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者修饰整个句子。 ①His speech directly affected the strike.(修饰动词) 他的演讲直接影响了罢工。 ②He is very diligent.(修饰形容词) 他非常勤奋。 ③You can find books on that subject quite easily.( 修饰副词) 你能很容易地找到关于那个科目的书。
副词修饰整个句子时，有两种常见的情况
①表示逻辑连接关系。常见的此类副词有therefore， however， otherwise， furthermore， nevertheless等。 Therefore, we have to come here again tomorrow. 因此，我们明天还得来这儿一趟。 ②表示评述或说话人的态度。常见的此类副词有importantly, luckily, for tunately, unfortunately, strangely等。 Unfortunately, he failed again. 不幸的是，他又失败了。
①Toda y is a s b us y a day as yes terday. 今天跟昨天一样忙。 ②Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. 亨利的书没有我的书多。 ③How clever a student he was when he was a child! 当他小的时候他是一个多么聪明的学生啊！
原级 good, well
bad, ill many, much(许多的)
高中英语语法 专题五 形容词和副词 共49张PPT
功能
例句
表语 宾补
His suggestions are very valuable.他的建议 很有价值。
I consider his suggestion very valuable.我认 为他的建议很有价值。
状语
He returned home, safe and sound.他回到 了家，安然无恙。(结果状语)
6.名词+ary revolution---revolutionary 革命的 element--- elementary 基本的，初级的 7.名词+en wood---wooden 木制的 gold---golden 金色的 wool---woolen 羊毛的
8. 名词+ern East---eastern 东方的 West---western 西方的 9.名词+y sun---sunny 晴朗的 cloud---cloudy 多云的 shine---shiny 有光泽的，光亮的 luck---lucky 幸运的 wealth---wealthy 富有的
考点三 形容词比较级的用法
1. 比较级的修饰语常见的有: rather, much, still, even, far, any(用于否定句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。
2. 比较级+than…. “比….更”；less…than“不 如…..”。
15.名词/动词+some trouble---troublesome 令人烦恼的 16.名词/动词+ant/ent please---pleasant 令人高兴的 difference---different 不同的 insist---insistent 坚持的 distance---distant 遥远的 convenience---convenient 方便的
高中英语新人教版必修一Unit 5定语从句精讲
高中英语必修一Unit 5定语从句精讲【课本例句】1.(教材P62)There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the mainfactors has been the Chinese writing system.2.(教材P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the sevenmajor states into one unified country where Chinesewriting system began to develop in one direction.3.(教材P64)I told my mum that I wanted to give up,and that I would never live ina country whereGerman was spoken.4.(教材P64)I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up.5.(教材P68)Then I saw an advertisement that offereda wonderful summer course, and that was the day whenI decided to take on a new language.6.Thetime when I first met Nelson Mandela was avery difficult period of my life.【发现规律】1.所有画线部分都是关系副词引导的定语从句。
2.关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第5、6句)。
3.关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第2、3句)。
4.关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(第1、4句)。
高中英语知识点精讲Unit5Music“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句素材新人教版必修
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
知识点——
“介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的用 法】
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句是我们学习定语从句 的重点，也是高考的常考点。学习这种从句应注意以下几 点：
1. 用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which（指物）和whom （指人）。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵 循以下四个原则：
（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词 搭配，构成形容词短语。
The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. （be sure about）马克思没有 把握的两件事是：语法和习惯用法。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的用法】
The factory in which （= where）his father works is far away from my hometown. 他父亲工作的那家工厂离我们家乡很远。 I don’t know the reason for which （＝why）he was late for school. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。 This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
(高中英语-北师大版)重难语法课(5) 非谓语动词
7．动词不定式的时态和语态
形式
意义
与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生 一般式
或在谓语动词的动作之后发生
在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进 进行式
行 完成式 在谓语动词的动作之前发生
发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且 完成进
重难语法课(5)——非谓语动词 [语境中体悟用法]
朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加蓝部分是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么 成分。
Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce① this English speech contest. As we all know, to master② a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part in③ an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn④ English. Everyone wants to show⑤ their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and speaking⑥ ability, developing⑦ a good habit of learning⑧ English.
2．作表语 动名词作表语表示通常的情况，多指抽象的、经常性的动作，句子主语 通常是无生命的事物或由 what 引导的名词性从句。 My job is teaching you English. 我的工作是教你们英语。
高中英语语法系统讲解之五动词和动词短语
高中英语语法系统讲解之五动词和动词短语动词一. 动词的分类方法1. 根据词汇意义可将动词分为以下两类：○1状态动词：be，love，think，stay，remain，stand，sit，lie等○2动作动词：work，stay，sleep，arrive，finish，lend，open等温馨提示：动作动词又可分为延续性动词（动作可以持续一段时间）与非延续性动词（表示短暂的动作，不能持续）。
2. 根据动词的语法功能，动词的分类情况如下：温馨提示：其中行为动词可根据其后是否带宾语，将其分成及物动词与不及物动词两类。
有时同一动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
二. 动词的语法功能及基本用法动词在句中起两种作用，即：作谓语和非谓语。
动词作谓语，必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，具有表示时态、语态、语气等方面的语法特征。
She sings very well. She wants to learn English well.Seeing is believing. We’re thinking of making a new plan for the next term.三. 连系动词的用法1. 状态系动词只有be一词。
如He is a teacher.2. 持续系动词继续保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep，rest，remain，stay，lie，stand。
如He always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery.3. 表像系动词“看起来像”，主要有seem，appear，look。
如He looks very tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4. 感官系动词feel，smell，sound，taste。
如This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.5. 变化系动词become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run。
高中英语语法精讲精练易错题解析精讲第5章动词不定式
高中英语语法精讲第五章动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。
它还可以有形式的变化,即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
同时,动词不定式也具有非动词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
一、动词不定式的特征和种类动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。
A．不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy.他看起来好像很高兴。
（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）B．不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there.我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you.我很高兴和你一起旅游。
C．不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
I'm sorry to have lost your key.我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.我本来想昨晚完成工作的,但是我感觉身体不舒服。
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.对我来说,被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。
2019版高考英语(全国通用版)跟踪检测·强化提升 语法精讲突破系列 五 Word版含答案(1)
SectionⅤProjectTeenagers' friendshipsMy friend, Robert, has a twin①sister named Amanda.Though they get along well②， there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle③Robert.He can't understand how girls can talk for so long.For example④， sometimes when he leaves the apartment⑤to play football, Amanda and her friend, Sharon, are sitting on the sofa, talking⑥.When he comes back three and a half hours⑦later, they're still sitting on the sofa, continuing the same conversation on the same topic⑧.One day Robert was so curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about⑨， but she replied, ‘We're best friends.We talk about almost everything —film stars, pop songs, recipes○10， everything！’①twin[twIn]adj.双胞胎之一的，成双的n.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一②get along well 相处融洽，和睦相处，进展顺利③puzzle v t.使困惑，使迷惑不解④for example 例如(用于仅举一个例子，常用逗号与其他成分隔开)⑤apartment[ə'pɑːtmənt]n．公寓套房⑥talking是现在分词，它在句中作伴随状语。
高中英语Unit5ThevalueofMoney重点语法(教师版)
高中英语【人教版2019】必修第三册Unit 5 The value of Money 重点语法【问题查找】一、选词填空(be able to/dare/have to/had better/need)①She ________ not go out alone at night.②It's quite warm here so we ________ not turn the heating on.③You ________ arrive early so that you will not miss anything.④He ________ walk home yesterday because his car broke down.⑤Neither my wife nor I ________ persuade my daughter to change her mind now.Keys: ①dare②need③had better④had to⑤am able to二、单句语法填空①Miss Zhang said she ______________ (visit) the Great Wall next summer.②She told him that she _______________ (not stay) here for long.③I wasn't sure whether Lucy _______________ (e) the next year.④She said the bus _______________ (leave) at five the next morning.Keys: ①would visit②would not stay③would e④was leaving【要点精讲】【重点语法】情态动词+过去将来时情态动词一、can与could的用法1.表示能力：can用来表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
高中英语语法漫谈五 形容词副词
五、形容词和副词形容词可用于作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等；副词也可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。
一、形容词作定语时的位置大部分形容词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前面, 如 a red bus, a beautiful park, cold weather等,但实际运用时须注意以下情况。
1.当多个的形容词修饰一个名词时应该注意形容词的一般排列顺序。
“限定词＋一般描绘性形容词＋表示大小、长短、高低的形容词＋表示形状的形容词＋表示年龄、新旧的形容词＋表示颜色的形容词＋表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词＋表示物质、材料的形容词＋表示用途、类别的形容词＋被修饰的名词”例如：his beautiful small round old brown French wooden writing table当然，在实际运用中用如此多的形容词修饰一个名词并不多见。
2.形容词修饰everything, something, anything, nothing时, 只能放在其后面。
如:Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.I’ve got something important to say.There is nothing interesting at all.3.else只能修饰疑问代词who, whom, whose, what和不定代词something, anything,nothing, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone和nobody, no one.而且只能放在其后。
如:Is there anything else you want to say?What else do you want?else与上述疑问代词和不定代词构成所有格时, 只能在else后加's, 而不能在疑问代词或不定代词后加's. 如说someone else's, 而不能说* someone’s else。
2021届高考二轮英语语法精复习：第5讲 主谓一致 (教案)
2021年高考二轮复习第5讲主谓一致一、高考回顾1. （2020，天津卷）Amy, as well as her brothers, _______ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。
句意：上周返回村庄的时候，艾米和她的哥哥们受到了热烈的欢迎。
A as well as B做主语时，谓语动词的单复数和主语A的单复数一致。
故选C。
2. （2019，江苏卷）The musician along with his band members _______ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。
句意：音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里已经做了十场演出。
根据时间状语in the last three months可以推断要用现在完成时，而且A along with B做主语时，谓语动词的单复数和主语A的单复数一致。
故选B。
3.（2017，江苏卷）The publication of Great Expectations, which _________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。
句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据strengthened可知用的是一般过去时，故选C。
高中英语新人教版必修三Unit 5语法汇总(过去将来时+情态动词)
高中英语必修三Unit 5语法汇总一、过去将来时1.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。
一般由“would/should+动词原形”构成。
*She hoped thatthey would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。
*I rang up to tellmy father that I should leave for London.我打电话告诉我父亲我要去伦敦。
2.was/were goingto+动词原形:表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作,常用于口语中,表示预言、意图或者打算等。
*He was going tostart work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。
*—Alice, whydidn’t you come yesterday?——爱丽丝,你昨天为什么没来呀?—I was going to,but I had an unexpected visitor.——我打算去的,但我家来了个不速之客。
3.start, go,come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
*She was cominglater.她随后就来。
*I had just put onmy overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
4.was/were aboutto do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作,“刚要/正要做……”。
注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。
*I felt thatsomething terrible was about to happen.我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。
*We were about togo there when it began to rain.我们刚打算去那儿,这时天下起了雨。
2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题5
be
He is a teacher.
keep,rest,remain,stay, He kept silent at the meeting. lie,stand This matter remains a mystery. seem,appear,look He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
放在动词原形前, Do come to my birthday party. 加强该动词的语气 I did go there. I do miss you.
构成倒装 Never did I hear of such a thing. Only when we begin our college life do we realise the importance of English. — Do you like Beijing? — Yes,I do. He knows how to drive a car, doesn������ t h
终止系动词
2.助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动 词。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。
助动词
be
用法
示例
“be+现在分词”构 They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more 成进行时态 important. “be+过去分词”构 The window was broken by Tom. English is taught throughout the world. 成被动语态 “be+不定式”可表 示最近、未来的计 划、安排,还可表示 命令、征求意见、 相约、商定 He is to go to New York next week. You are to explain this. How am I to answer him? We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
高中英语语法复习 第5讲 句子结构讲练
五句子结构语法精讲一：系表结构1：主语+系动词+表语1）：稳定状态——be作系动词，表语是说明主语的稳定情况，状态，性质等。
The teacher is forty years old. I am poor.2）：状态的变化——系动词为get,turn,become,fall, 等。
The weather got warmer.The boy fell asleep.3）：被感觉的状态——感官词look,tast,smell,feel,sound为系动词。
注：主语为被感觉的事物。
The rose looks very beautiful.Cotton feels soft.4）：感觉的状态——feel为系动词。
She feels satisfied with the work.5)：保持与持续的状态——keep,stay,remain为系动词。
The man keeps quiet.The old man remains in good health.6）：涉及结果的状态—— go,come,prove为系动词。
The meat went bad.Her dream has come true.His idea proved right.7).：seem+adj.句型She seems to be worried about her mother.二：主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。
The teacher teaches( well).The child walks (very slowly).The war broke out (that year)The scientist looked out of the window.The doctor operated on (the patient).＊The food eats well./ The novel sells well.三：动宾结构这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
高中英语语法学习－词法部分（5）
第15章介词⼀.概念:介词表⽰它后⾯的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系.⼆.相关知识点精讲1.表⽰地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, toat (1)表⽰在⼩地⽅; (2)表⽰"在……附近,旁边"in (1)表⽰在⼤地⽅; (2)表⽰"在…范围之内".on 表⽰毗邻,接壤to 表⽰在……范围外,不强调是否接壤He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Jiangsu lies in the east of China.Russia lies on the north of China.Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.2)above, over, on 在……上above 指在……上⽅,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;over指垂直的上⽅,与under相对,但over与物体有⼀定的空间,不直接接触.on表⽰某物体上⾯并与之接触.The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在……下⾯under表⽰在…正下⽅below表⽰在……下,不⼀定在正下⽅There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.2.表⽰时间的介词1)in , on,at 在……时in表⽰较长时间,如世纪,朝代,时代,年,季节,⽉及⼀般(⾮特指)的早,中,晚等.如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one's life , in one's thirties 等.on表⽰具体某⼀天及其早,中,晚.如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year's Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等.at表⽰某⼀时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等.如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等.注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前⼀律不⽤介词.如:We meet every day.2)in, after 在……之后"in +段时间"表⽰将来的⼀段时间以后;"after+段时间"表⽰过去的⼀段时间以后;"after+将来点时间"表⽰将来的某⼀时刻以后.My mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months.She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon.3)from, since ⾃从……from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;since表⽰某动作或情况持续⾄说话时刻,通常与完成时连⽤.He studied the piano from the age of three.They have lived here since 1978.4)after, behind 在……之后after主要⽤于表⽰时间;behind主要⽤于表⽰位置.We shall leave after lunch.Lucy is hiding behind an old house.3.表运动⽅向的介词:across, through 通过,穿过across表⽰横过,即从物体表⾯通过,与on有关;through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关.She swam across the river.He walked through the forest.4.表⽰"在……之间"的介词:between, amongbetween指在两个⼈或两个事物之间;among指在三个或三个以上的⼈或事物之间.There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.The teacher is standing among the students.5.表⽰其他意义的介词1)on ,about 关于on 表⽰这本书,这篇⽂章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这⼀问题的⼈阅读;about表⽰内容较为普通,不那么正式.There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.He is writing a book on cooking.He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.2)by, with, in 表⽰⽅法,⼿段,⼯具by 以……⽅法,⼿段或泛指某种交通⼯具;with 表⽰⽤ …⼯具,⼿段,⼀般接具体的⼯具和⼿段;in 表⽰⽤…⽅式,⽤…语⾔(语调,笔墨,颜⾊)等;He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.3)except, besides 除了except 除……之外,不包括在内;besides 除……之外,包括在内.Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先⽣没去)Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先⽣也去了)三.巩固练习Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China.(in, on, to)Go _________ the bridge _________ the river, you'll find the shop.(across, through; over, above)I go to school __________7:30 every morning.(in, on, at)He would like to meet her __________8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.(between, among )The Greens have lived in China ________ three years.(in, for, after)We go to school every day ________ Saturday and Sunday.(except, besides)He wrote the letter _________ ink.(by, with ,in)She returned to her country _________five years.(in, after, for)There is a big tree _________ our classroom.(after, behind)I usually go to work _________ bike.(by, on, with)四.答案1.in2.across, over3.at,4.between5.for6.except7.in8.after9.behind 10.by第16章连词⼀.概念连词是⽤来连接词,短语,从句或句⼦的词.连词不作成分.⼆.相关知识点精讲1.表⽰并列关系的连词有:and, both…and…, not only… but also…和neither…nor…等1)and:和,并且A:基本⽤法:"and"表⽰ "和","并且"的意思,⽤来连接对等关系的字和字,⽚语和⽚语,句⼦和句⼦.I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.The weather becomes colder and colder.B:特别⽤法:祁使句后连接and,有条件句作⽤,此时and=if you…,you'll…Go straight on, and you'll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library.2)both…and…既…也…,(两者)都…A,both…and…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词⽤复数.Both Jim and Kate are from England.B,both…and…否定句表⽰部分否定.You can't speak both German and English.Both my father and my mother aren't doctors.3)neither…nor…:既不…也不…neither…nor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词*近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 "⼈称"和 "数"的⼀致,即采取就近原则.Neither I nor he has seen the play before.4)not only…but also…:不但…⽽且…not only…but also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则.Not only the mother but also the children are ill.2.表⽰转折关系的连词有:but, however, yet, still,while等.Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.He was very tired, still he kept on walking.Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still someroom for improvement.Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.3.表⽰选择关系的并列连词有:or, either…or…,whether… or…等.1)or:或,否则A:基本⽤法or 表⽰ "或" 的意思,使⽤于两者之中选择⼀个的时候.----Is your friend English or American ----American.He doesn't like dumplings or noodles.B:特别⽤法祁使句后连接or ,表 "如果…,否则…",有转折的意思,此时 or =if you don't …,you'll …Hurry up, or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.2)either…or…:或者…或者…; 不是…就是…;要么…要么…either…or…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词*近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 "⼈称"和 "数"的⼀致,即就近原则.Either you or I am right.Does either she or they like English由either…or…引导的否定句是完全否定.She isn't either a student or a teacher.3)whether…or…不管…还是…She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.4.表⽰因果关系的并列连词有:for(因为),so(所以).He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.It was late, so I went home.5.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等.After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.As soon as he gets to Beijing, he'll call me.1) when, while, as 都表⽰"当……时",when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词,可⽤于主从句动作同时发⽣或从句动作先于主句动作发⽣.while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词,侧重主从句动作同时发⽣.as引导⼀个持续性动作,多⽤于主从句动作同时发⽣,强调"⼀边……⼀边".When I came in, my father was cooking.I came in when/while my father was cooking.He sang as he walked.2)until⽤法:当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主从句都⽤肯定式,译为"直到……为⽌";当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句⽤否定式,从句⽤肯定式,即not…..until, 译为"直到……才".Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先⽣⼀直等到他的孩⼦们回来)Mr. Green didn't go to bed until his children came back. (格林先⽣直到他的孩⼦们回来才睡觉)6. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if(如果), unless(除⾮,如果……不)等.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.=Unless you go soon, you'll be late.7.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since等.because"因为"语⽓,回答why提问时只能⽤because,其引导的从句可放在句⾸或句末;as"由于",since"既然"语⽓不如because 强,引导的从句常置于句⾸;for是并列连词,语⽓最弱,对前⾯分句加以解释或补充说明,其引导的分句常置于句末且⽤逗号隔开. He didn't go to school because he was ill.As it was raining, we went there by bus.Since everybody is here, let's begin.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.注意: because与 so不能同时使⽤.8.引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:although/though(虽然,尽管), even though/if (即使)Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich.Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldn't help him.注意:although/though 引导的从句不能与but连⽤,但可与yet, still连⽤.9.引导⽬的状语从句的从属连词有so that和in order that(以便,为了)等.The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly.10.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that(结果是)和so/such…that…(如此…以⾄于)等.It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He got there so early that he got a good seat.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.11.引导⽐较状语从句的从属连词有: as…as…(与……⼀样),not as/so… as…(不及,赶不上),和than(⽐)等.I know you better than she does.He works as carefully as she.I can't run as/so fast as you.12.引导名词性从句的从属连词有:that和 if/whether(是否)等.We know that the earth goes around the sun.(宾语从句)I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句)Whether he'll go there hasn't been decided.(主语从句)注意:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句要⽤⼀般现在时.I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.He won't come unless he is invited.三.巩固练习1,I don't like reading watching TV. What about you "I don't like reading all day, I like watching TV plays."A.and, butB.and, andC.or, andD.or, but 2,You won't know the value(价值) of the health you lose it. A.until B.after C.when D.because3,We bought Granny a present, she didn't like it.A.butB.andC.orD.so4,Study hard, you will pass the exam.A.soB.forC.butD.and5,Put on more clothes, you'll catch cold.A.andB.forC.orD.but6,My shoes are worn out, I need new ones.A.soB.ifC.becauseD.and7,He ran fast he won the race.A.enough …toB.so …thatC.too…toD.both…and8,He is only ten months. He can read write.A.either…orB.neither…norC.both…andD.so…that9,She said she might come Saturday Sunday .A.neither…norB.nither…orC.too…toD.so…that10,If Tom Mike asks for their car, tell him to come tomorrow.A.orB.andC.withD.but11,It was already ten o'clock we got to the museum this morning.A.thatB.whenC.ifD.for12,It's a long time we met last.A.soB.afterC.sinceD.before13,That maths problem is difficult nobody can do it.A.too…toB.very…thatC.so…thatD.very …but14,I'll give her the message she comes back.A.sinceB.beforeC.untilD.as soon as15, the teacher came into the classroom, many students were talking to each other.A.WhileB.IfC.SinceD.When16,People often mistake us for each other we are twins.A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.after17,Could you tell me in your home town in winterA.if it often snowedB.whether does it often snowC.if it often snowD.whether it often snows18,Are you sure Mr. Li will come to your birthday partyA.ifB.thatC.forD.when19, Lily Lucy like singing.A.Either…orB.Beither…nor …C.Both…andD.So…that20,Read the sentences slowly we can understand what you read.A.so thatB.beforeC.untilD.because四.答案1,D 2,A 3,A 4,D 5,C 6,A 7,B 8,B 9,B 10,A 11,B 12,C 13,C 14,D 15,D 16,C 17,D 18,B 19,C 20,A。
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—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
A. Can C. Must B. Should D. ：——你非要现在打断我 吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？——很抱歉, 先生, 但是这 件事情太紧急了。can表示“能够,许可”；should表示“应 该”；must表示“非要, 偏偏”, 多指令人不快的事；would表
A. was discussed
C. would be discussed
B. discuss
D. be discussed
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：约翰逊先生坚持 说那个值得关注的问题应该在会上讨论。“insist”引导的宾语 从句要用虚拟语气, 从句结构是“should”(可省略)+动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”。故选D。
规定就是每个学生在校期间应该穿校服。A项表示“可能, 也
许”；B项表示能力或可能性；C项用于第三人称的陈述句中,
在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定; D项表示意愿。 故选C。
3. (2012· 四川高考)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”, just as I ______ do in China. A. must C. can B. might D. should
A. shouldn’t
C. couldn’t
B. needn’t
D. mustn’t
【解析】选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意：我本来不应该看 那部电影的——它会使我做噩梦的。表示 “本来不应该做而 做了某事”用shouldn’t have done sth. , 所以A项正确。
7. (2010· 安徽高考 )Jack described his father, who ______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
15. (2011· 全国卷Ⅰ)They______have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. should
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：他们本该午饭时 到达, 但他们的航班推迟了。will have done是将来完成时, 不 表示推测； can表示对过去的事情推测时, 常用于否定句或疑 问句中；must have done一定做过某事, 表示对过去事情的肯 定推测；should have done本来应该做某事, 而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果, 说明他们本来该到达却没
18. (2011· 北京高考)—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they______always late.
A. weren’t C. wouldn’t be B. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t have been
【解析】选C。考查情态动词的用法。句意: ——你对将来的 商店购物怎么看？——我个人认为会与在家购物并存, 但商店 购物不会被取代。根据I think it will exist along with home
shopping, 排除虚拟的选项D, 这是表示将来的时间, 考虑到要
用被动语态, 选C。
语法精讲系列（五）
情态动词和虚拟语气
考查角度
题号
情态动词的基本用法
情态动词+have done 情态动词表推测 情态动词的固定搭配句式 状语从句对现在、将来的虚拟 状语从句对过去的虚拟 含蓄和错综时间的虚拟 名词性从句中的虚拟
1~3
4~6 7~9 10 11、12 13 14、15 16~18
1. (2012· 重庆高考)— ______ you interrupt now? Can’t you see
怎么样？ —— 找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们都很喜欢她。
should应该；might可能, 可以；mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不可能。
根据句意选D。
10. (2012· 陕西高考)I______thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’t
B. can’t
C. can
D. will
【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：我们离开家期间, 您对 我儿子的所有帮助, 我感激不尽。can’t thank you too much = can’t thank you enough 表示“怎么感激也不为过 , 感激不 尽”, 所以B项符合题意。
that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A. may not B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. mustn’t
【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：既然苏西不和我们一起 吃晚饭, 我们没必要买如此多的食物。情态动词+have done结 构在此句子中表示对过去事情的推测、遗憾、责备等, needn’t have bought意思是“本没必要买”。A项意为“可能不”；B 项意为“没必要”；C项意为“一定不会”；D项意为“一定 不要”。故选B。
A. would be
C. must be
B. would have been
D. must have been
【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意： 杰克把他的父 亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯定是一个勇敢 的男孩。用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。故选 D。
8. (2011· 安徽高考)—What do you think of store shopping in
the future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but
______. A. will never replace C. will never be replaced B. would never replace D. would never be replaced
【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在事实相反, 用动词的过去式。
17. (2010· 湖北高考 )Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ______ at the meeting.
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约去,
因为她认为如果住在那里就不能经常见到父母了。主句说明
了客观事实, if从句是对将来事实的假设, 故在条件状语从句中 用were to live。
13. (2012· 福建高考 )We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we______more places of interest yesterday.
语境, 提前半小时到达, 说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙, 所以用
needn’t have done 结构, 表示 “本来没必要做某事而实际上做
了”。故选A。
6. (2010· 山东高考)I ______have watched that movie -it’ll give me horrible dreams.
9. (2011· 浙江高考)—How’s your new babysitter? —We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. A. should C. mustn’t B. might D. couldn’t
【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：——你的新保姆
11. (2012· 湖南高考)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had
C. have
D. had
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：抱歉, 我现在太忙了。 要是有时间的话我一定会和你一起出去逛逛。本题if引导的虚 拟条件句对现在事实的虚拟。故if条件句中用一般过去时。D 项为一般过去时 , 符合题意。 A项为现在完成时； B项为过去 完成时；C项为一般现在时。
A. visited
C. would visit
B. had visited
D. would have visited
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在那个小村庄里迷 路了, 否则昨天我们会参观更多的名胜。此题考查对过去某种 情况否定的假设。因为昨天迷路, 所以昨天没有参观更多地方。 故谓语动词用would have done。
12. (2012· 安徽高考)Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives C. has lived B. would live D. were to live
【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：我靠他们很近, 听到他 们正在说中文, 我就说了“你好”, 像我可能会在中国做的那