同济大学英语考博大纲
考博英语考试大纲
总则同济《非英语专业博士研究生英语入学考试大纲》（English Entrance Test for Non-English Major Doctorate Students）是根据《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》制定的。
其目的是为了帮助考生更好地准备博士生英语入学考试；考核已修完硕士研究生英语学位课程的考生是否达到教学的各项要求及实际掌握运用英语的能力。
一、考试性质及要求专博士生入学英语考试的性质是一种水平考试，主要考核考生实际掌握和运用英语的能力。
教育部《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》明确提出“博士生入学时，其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。
应具有“熟练的阅读能力”、“较好的写作能力”和一定的听说能力。
业因此，博士生入学前应具有相应的外语水平，以适应博士生阶段的学习及研究工作的需要。
专二、考试内容正门本校博士英语入学考试以普通英语为主，题材涉及人物传记，社会风俗、文化、历史、科普等；体裁多样，包括叙述文、议论文、描写文、应用文、说明文等。
词汇量控制在5000—6000常用词（其中中学2000，大学3500，硕士生500—1000单词）。
考试难度略高于硕士入学考试及大学英语六级水平考试。
考试采用主观题、客观题结合的方式：主观题占45%，客观题占55%。
考试项目包括：听力15%；词汇15%；Cloze10%；阅读理解25%；翻译15%；写作20%；满分100分。
考试时间：180分钟，共96小题。
正门对面第一部分：听力理解（Part I：Listening Comprehension）（15%）共15题，考试时间20分钟。
包括三小节：Section A（5题）主要测试考生理解特定或具体信息的能力；考生根据听到的一段180—220词的独白或对话，填充表格中的空白。
录音材料播放两遍。
48号Section B（5题）：主要测试考生理解具体或总体信息的能力。
要求考生根据听到的一般280—320词的独白或对话，补全句子或简短回答问题。
博士研究生招生考试英语大纲
第三部分：翻译。共 2 题，分为 A、B 两节。测试时间 50 分钟。 A 节为英译汉，主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性，要求考生将 所给 150 词左右的英语短文译成中文。B 节主要测试考生分析理解母 语、基本掌握西方思维方式和汉英两种语言的异同、有效地进行遣词、 造句、谋篇的能力，要求考生将所给的 100 词左右的中文短文译成英 文。选材原则：短文为学生熟悉的常识性或知识性内容。测试目的： 测试考生正确理解英语文章并用中文正确表达的能力，以及考生的英 语语言运用能力。要求译文忠实于原文，语言通顺。
能力。
三、答题与计分方法
该试卷第一部分为客观性试题，计 60 分。要求考生从每题四个 选项（A、B、C、D）中选出一个最佳答案，每题只能选一个答案， 答案涂在答题卡上。试卷第二部分为主观性试题，计 40 分，要求考 生把答案直接做在答题纸上。该考试为闭卷考试，考生不得使用任何
形式的参考工具。该卷以百分计算。
要生词词义并
进行推断等
50 （每题 2 分）
完形填空
1 篇文章 英语知识综合 选择题
10
II
20
(Cloze Test) （150 词 运用能力 （四选一）
（每题
3
左右）
0.5 分）
1 段英文 理解和表达准
英译汉
文章（150 确、完整、通顺，
1
（15 分）
翻译
词左右） 忠实于原文
同济考博辅导班：2019同济大学外国语学院考博难度解析及经验分享
同济大学考博辅导班：2019同济大学外国语学院考博难度解析及经验分享同济大学2019 年计划面向全国招收攻读博士学位研究生1200 名左右，含少数民族高层次骨干人才计划博士生专项计划 4 名左右，对口支援西部高校定向培养博士生专项计划12 名左右，与科研院所联合培养博士生计划20 名左右。
上述招生计划以教育部最终下达为准。
本年度招生将进行两次，实行申请考核制，第一次招生不设置初试环节，报名时间2018 年10 月，考核时间为2018 年12 月，入学时间为2019 年 3 月，有10 个学院参加;第二次招生预计报名时间2018 年12 月，入学时间为2019 年9 月，所有学院都参加。
我校博士生招生实行“申请-考核”选拔机制。
下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于同济大学外国语学院考博相关内容。
一、院系简介同济大学的外语教学研究与建校历史同长，德语教学的历史更是近代中国德语教育的缩影。
一个多世纪以来，同济外语人不畏时艰、奋斗不止，诸多巨擘名流先后在此传道授业，成就卓然。
同济外语以德文创业。
1907年秋，德国军医埃里希·宝隆创设“同济德文医学堂”。
学堂始创，便设医学与德文两科。
这也便是同济外语的根基所在。
德文科的教学形式多样，德籍教师曾用格林童话作为教材授课，还出版了当时国内唯一的德语学习刊物《德文月刊》；诗人殷夫在德文补习科学习期间翻译了匈牙利著名诗人裴多菲的《自由与爱情》，闻名中华大地。
1942年德文科更名为新生院；1946年，同济大学设立外国语文学专业，以德国文学为重点。
此时，同济德语教学与科研水平已闻名于海内外，俊彦云集，宛若星辰。
二十世纪的中国德语界，曾有“北冯南张”之说，他们都与同济外语有着重要缘分。
“冯”是指著名诗人、翻译家、教育家冯至,他曾出任同济德文补习科主任。
1987年获联邦德国最高荣誉的“大十字勋章”，是联邦德国、瑞典、奥地利等国科学院外籍院士或通讯院士；“张”是指著名日耳曼学学者、教育家张威廉。
同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲(全)
同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲总则同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试（GET-P）是依照《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》规定、为完成教学目标而实施的一项标准化考试。
它是博士研究生公共英语课程设置的重要组成部分。
为贯彻执行教学大纲的要求、指导规范该项考试，特制订《同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲》。
一、考试目的本考试目的是衡量同济大学博士研究生英语技能知识、检查教学效果和成果、促进提高英语学习水平，并为评价学生学业能力提供参考依据。
二、考试性质与范围本考试属于标准参照性达标考试，兼顾教学检查考核。
考试范围包括《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》所规定的听、说、读、写四个方面的能力及知识。
三、考试时间、对象与命题本考试每学期举行一次，在学期期末、学生完成两门英语课程学习之后进行。
考试对象为除英语之外的各专业博士研究生。
本考试由外国语学院公共英语教学部负责命题、审题和阅卷，由研究生院培养处和公共英语教学部共同负责实施。
四、考试形式本考试分书面纸质考试和口试两部分；考试秉持测试的客观性和可行性，采用有效试题形式，并保证考试的效度和信度。
五、考试内容书面考试题项包含三部分：听力理解、阅读理解和短文写作。
考试规定时间120分钟。
听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1、测试要求：（a）能听懂日常交际场合中的各种英语会话和交谈。
（b）能听懂英语时事新闻的报道、报告。
（c）能听懂有关历史、文化、教育、科学等方面的英语故事和介绍。
（d）考试时间约20分钟。
2、测试形式：(a)本部分采用多项选择题形式，分两节：Section A与Section B，共20题。
(b) Section A (Listening Conversations) 由10个对话组成，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。
(c) Section B (Listening Passages) 由3篇短文组成，每篇长度约250单词，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。
2024全国博士英语考试大纲
2024全国博士英语考试大纲The 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a comprehensive overview of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. Designed to assess proficiency in English language skills at the doctoral level, the syllabus outlines the key areas of focus and the types of tasks that candidates can expect to encounter. 。
The examination covers four main components: Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, Writing, and Translation. Each component is designed to evaluate different aspects of language proficiency, including understanding, analysis, synthesis, and expression.Listening Comprehension tests candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional contexts. Candidates will listen to a variety of recordings, including lectures, discussions, and presentations, and answer questions to demonstrate their comprehension of the content, main ideas, supporting details, and speaker's attitude or opinion.Reading Comprehension assesses candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English texts. Candidates will encounter a range of text types, such as academic articles, reports, essays, and literary passages. They will be required to demonstrate their comprehension of the texts by answering questions that test their understanding of main ideas, supporting details, vocabulary, inference, and rhetorical devices.The Writing component evaluates candidates' ability to produce coherent and well-organized written English. Candidates will be presented with prompts or topics and asked to write essays, reports, or other text types. They will need to demonstrate their ability to generate and develop ideas, organize information logically, use appropriate language and style, and support their arguments with relevant examples and evidence.Translation tests candidates' ability to accurately translate English texts into Chinese and vice versa. Candidates will be required to translate passages that cover a range oftopics and genres, including academic, scientific, technical, and literary texts. They will need to demonstrate their understanding of both languages' grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions, as well as their ability to convey the original meaning and tone of the text.Overall, the 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a clear outline of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. By familiarizing themselves with the content and format of the exam, candidates can better prepare and improve their chances of success.。
全国医学博士英语统一考试大纲
全国医学博士英语统一考试大纲The National Medical Doctoral English Unified Examination (NMDEUE) is a standardized test designed to evaluate the English language proficiency of medical doctoral candidates across China. This examination is a critical requirement in the process of obtaining a medical doctorate in China. The NMDEUE ensures that medical doctoral students have the linguistic skills necessary to understand and communicate with the global medical community.Section 1: Listening Comprehension (40 minutes)The Listening Comprehension section of the NMDEUE measures a candidate's ability to comprehend spoken English through a series of multiple-choice questions. The examination tests students' ability to identify specific information, extract the main ideas, and infer attitudinal and contextual meanings of audio clips, dialogues, and longer passages. This section tests listening proficiency in different contexts, including academic and everyday life situations, such as medical conferences, patient interviews, discussions with colleagues, and medical instructions.Section 2: Reading Comprehension (75 minutes)The Reading Comprehension section of the NMDEUE measures a candidate's ability to comprehend written English through a series of multiple-choice questions. This section of the exam tests the candidate's ability to identify specific information, extract the main ideas, and infer contextual meaning from articles and academic papers related to medical science. Candidates will be required to read and answer multiple-choice questions based on academic readings such as medical journal articles, pharmacology texts, andpatient histories.Section 3: Writing Skills (85 minutes)The Writing Skills section of the NMDEUE measures a candidate's ability to convey complex medical information in English. Candidates will be required to write a summary, a critique, and a response to a scientific article. This section of the exam tests students' ability to express medical language in a clear, concise, and accurate manner. This section evaluates the student's ability to use appropriate medical terminology, grammar, and syntax in written English. The writing tasks will be based on medical topics drawn from the core syllabus of the medical doctorate program. Section 4: Speaking Skills (20 minutes)The Speaking Skills section of the NMDEUE measures a candidate's ability to articulate complex medical concepts in spoken English. Candidates will be required to answer a series of open-ended questions related to medical science. This section of the exam will test the student's ability to use appropriate medical terminology, grammar, and syntax in spoken English while demonstrating appropriate pronunciation, intonation, and stress. The Speaking Skills section evaluates the student's ability to communicate effectively in academic and professional medical settings.ConclusionThe NMDEUE is an essential component of the medical doctoral program in China. It is a standardized test designed to evaluate a candidate's proficiency in English across the domains of listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing skills, andspeaking skills. The examination ensures that medical doctoral students in China have the linguistic skills necessary to communicate effectively on a global level. By meeting the criteria set by the NMDEUE, medical doctoral candidates are equipped with the necessary tools to pursue a successful career in the highly competitive medical industry.The NMDEUE is a demanding examination that requires thorough preparation and a high degree of language proficiency. Candidates who intend to take this exam must have a strong foundation in English grammar, vocabulary, syntax, and pronunciation. They must also be familiar with the medical terminology that is used in English-speaking countries.The Listening Comprehension section of the NMDEUE requires candidates to have good listening skills and the ability to identify specific information in a variety of spoken contexts. To prepare for this section, candidates are advised to listen to English-language podcasts, watch English movies or TV shows, and practice taking notes while listening to lectures. It is also helpful to familiarize oneself with various accents and dialects used in English-speaking countries.The Reading Comprehension section of the NMDEUE demands extensive reading comprehension skills and the ability to extract main ideas and critical details from academic papers and articles. Candidates should practice reading medical journals and textbooks in English and learn to annotate and summarize what they have read. They should also study different types of texts, such as scientific articles, case studies, and patient histories.The Writing Skills section of the NMDEUE is a comprehensiveevaluation of a candidate's writing skills. Candidates must be able to write clear and concise sentences, use appropriate medical terminology and syntax, and structure their writing effectively. In preparation, candidates should study different types of writing, including summaries, critiques, and responses to scientific articles. They should also practice organizing their writing and using cohesive and coherent language.The Speaking Skills section of the NMDEUE requires candidates to express themselves clearly, confidently, and effectively in spoken English. To prepare, candidates should practice speaking in English in various contexts, such as medical conferences, patient interviews, and interactions with colleagues. They should also learn how to use appropriate intonation, stress, and pronunciation when communicating in English.In addition to language proficiency, the NMDEUE evaluates a candidate's ability to apply medical knowledge in English. Therefore, candidates must have a deep understanding of medical terminology and concepts. They must be familiar with the core syllabus of the medical doctoral program and have a good grasp of medical sciences, including anatomy, pharmacology, and pathology. They should also be familiar with current trends in medical research and be able to discuss key issues in medical ethics and practice.ConclusionThe NMDEUE is a rigorous examination that evaluates a candidate's language proficiency and knowledge of medicalsciences. It is an essential requirement in the medical doctoral program in China, and passing this examination is crucial for obtaining a medical doctoral degree and pursuing a successful career in the global medical industry.To achieve success in the NMDEUE, candidates must prepare thoroughly and systematically. They should study and practice all four sections of the exam, including listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing skills, and speaking skills. They should also focus on improving their language proficiency by reading and listening to English-language materials, practicing writing and speaking in English, and building their medical knowledge through systematic study and research.Overall, the NMDEUE is a challenging but rewarding examination that tests a candidate's ability to communicate effectively in English and apply medical knowledge in a global context. By passing the NMDEUE, medical doctoral candidates in China can demonstrate their language proficiency and readiness to excel in the dynamic and competitive field of medicine.。
博士学位英语考试大纲
8. A. The woman argued for her innocence at court. B. The woman complained that she was forced to pay the fine. C. The woman has got away with many violations of traffic law. D. The woman pleaded ignorance this time of her violation of the traffic law.
5. A. He forgot to mail the letter. B. He left the letter in his office. C. The letter slipped off his desk. D. He should have put the letter in his bag.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on a talk about the concept of community.
You now have 30 seconds to read Questions 11 to 15.
11. A village, or town, or ____________ can be called an area of social life. 12. The speaker states that it is ____________ that people in a community should
同济大学考博英语真题及答案
同济大学考博英语真题及答案真题一题目：请简要阐述人工智能在当今社会的应用。
答案：人工智能在当今社会的应用非常广泛。
它被用于语音识别、图像识别、自动驾驶、智能推荐等方面。
通过深度研究和机器研究算法，人工智能可以模仿人类的思维和决策能力，帮助我们解决很多实际问题。
真题二题目：请简要分析国际贸易对经济发展的影响。
答案：国际贸易对经济发展有很大的影响。
它可以促进资源的有效配置，提高生产效率，扩大市场规模，增加就业机会，并促进技术创新和经济增长。
通过国际贸易，各国可以互相补充，形成合作共赢的局面。
真题三题目：请简要介绍全球气候变化的主要原因。
答案：全球气候变化的主要原因包括人类活动和自然因素。
人类活动导致了大量的温室气体排放，如二氧化碳、甲烷等，加剧了温室效应，导致地球表面温度上升。
自然因素包括太阳辐射变化、火山爆发等。
这些因素共同作用，导致了全球气候的变化和变暖。
真题四题目：请简要解释专利的作用和意义。
答案：专利具有保护创新和鼓励技术进步的作用和意义。
通过获得专利，发明人可以在一定时期内独享其发明的权利，防止他人未经许可使用、制造、销售该发明。
这激励了创新和技术研发，并推动了经济的发展和进步。
真题五题目：请简要分析全球经济一体化对各国的影响。
答案：全球经济一体化对各国有着深远的影响。
它促进了国际贸易和资本流动，增加了经济联系和交流。
各国通过合作共赢，实现资源的互补和优势互补，共同发展和繁荣。
然而，全球经济一体化也带来了竞争压力和风险，需要各国进行合理的经济政策调整和风险管理。
2024年医学考博英语统考大纲
2024年医学考博英语统考大纲2024 Medical Doctoral Program English Exam OutlineIntroduction:The Medical Doctoral Program aims to cultivate high-quality medical professionals with solid theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The English exam is an essential part of the admissions process, testing candidates' language proficiency and ability to comprehend medical-related content. The following outline details the topics and format of the 2024 Medical Doctoral Program English exam.I. Reading Comprehension (50%)1. General Medical KnowledgeCandidates will be required to read a series of passages related to various medical fields, such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and biochemistry. Questions will test candidates' understanding of key concepts, terminology, and scientific principles.2. Clinical CasesCandidates will be presented with clinical cases, including patient histories, symptoms, and diagnostic results. Questionswill assess candidates' ability to analyze and interpret medical information, identify potential diagnoses, and propose appropriate treatment plans.3. Medical ResearchCandidates will read research articles and studies on current medical topics and advancements. Questions will evaluate candidates' comprehension of research methods, data analysis, and interpretation of results.II. Listening Comprehension (20%)1. Medical LecturesCandidates will listen to recorded medical lectures on various topics, such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and obstetrics. Questions will test candidates' ability to grasp key points, identify important information, and summarize complex medical concepts.2. Doctor-Patient DialoguesCandidates will listen to simulated doctor-patient dialogues, focusing on patient interviews, symptom descriptions, and treatment discussions. Questions will assess candidates' listening skills, as well as their ability to empathize with patients and communicate effectively in medical settings.III. Writing (30%)1. Medical EssayCandidates will be required to write an essay on a given medical topic, expressing their opinions and analysis in a clear and concise manner. Topics may cover issues such as medical ethics, healthcare policies, patient care, and medical education.2. Case AnalysisCandidates will analyze a clinical case study, including patient information, symptoms, and treatment options. Candidates must provide a detailed analysis of the case, offer a differential diagnosis, and propose a course of action based on evidence-based medicine.3. Research ProposalCandidates will develop a research proposal on a specific medical topic, outlining the study objectives, methodology, data collection, analysis plan, and potential implications for clinical practice. Candidates must demonstrate their ability to design and conduct research in a rigorous and ethical manner.Conclusion:The 2024 Medical Doctoral Program English exam aims to assess candidates' language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and readiness for advanced medical studies. By testing candidates' understanding of medical concepts, communication skills, and analytical abilities, the exam ensures that only highly qualified candidates are admitted to the program. Candidates who excel in the exam will have the opportunity to pursue their passion for medicine and contribute to the advancement of healthcare worldwide.。
同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲5篇
同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲5篇第一篇：同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲本考试对教材不作统一规定，凡符合下列评价目标的课程及教材都适合考生应考复习。
一、评价目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1．语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2．词汇考生应能掌握8000-10000左右的词汇以及相关词组。
(二)语言技能1．阅读考生应能读懂不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3％)，包括信函、书报杂志上的文章等。
根据所读材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义；2)理解文中的具体信息；3)理解文中的概念性含义；4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5)根据上下文推测生词的词义；6)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8)区分论点和论据。
2.翻译(英译中)考生应能将所给的文字材料译成汉语,理解正确,译文达意。
3.写作考生应能正确使用4－5千英语词汇，熟练掌握相关英语习惯用法；应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
短文写作时，考生应能：1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2)遵循文章的特定文体格式，做到行文流畅，词汇丰富，句式变化；3)合理组织文章结构，使其中心突出，内容统一、上下文连贯；4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。
二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
笔试考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
(二)笔试考试内容与试卷结构笔试试题分四部分，包括词汇, 阅读理解, 翻译(英译中)和写作。
第一部分词汇该部分共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
主要测试考生的词汇量。
同济大学考博英语模拟题2
同济大学博士研究生入学考试模拟试题一Part ⅠListening Comprehension(略)Part ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 1Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab gray suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can: anything be right with the rat-race? Haven't the old lost touch with all that is important in life?These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hash't been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might he reversed, The old--if they are prepared to admit it--could earn a thing or two from their children. one of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not "sinful". Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions, It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the continual threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it?1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Enjoyment will be the only Pursuit in our Life.B. The Older Generation is Constantly Under Fire.C. Violence Cannot Apply to All Aspects of Life.D. The Younger Generation Knows Not the Less.2. What does the author intend to demonstrate with "office hours" adopted by the old (Paragraph 2) ?A. A type of enforced systems.B. A symbol for human initiatives.C. A sort of freedom deprivation.D. A token for the old' obsoleteness.3. It is evident that the author illustrates his point mainly by______A. exemplifying the misdeeds of the old.B. refuting general assumptions.C. quoting famous sayings and proverbs.D. resorting to statistical evidence.4. When mentioning "the rat-race" (Paragraph 2), the author is pouring scorn on the old for their______A. undignified competition for social status.B. failure to solve human conflicts by violence.C. guilty for not learning the art of enjoymentD. adherence only to their challenged values.Passage 2Euthanasia is clearly a deliberate and intentional aspect of a killing. Taking a human life, even with subtle rites and consent of the party involved is barbaric. No one can justly kill another human being. Just as it is wrongfor a serial killer to murder, it is wrong for a physician to do so as well, no matter what the motive for doing so may be.Many thinkers, including almost all orthodox Catholics, believe that euthanasia is immoral. They oppose killing patients in any circumstances whatever. However, they think it is all right, in some special circumstances, to allow patients to die by withholding treatment The American Medical Association's policy statement on mercy killing supports this traditional view. In my paper "Active and Passive Euthanasia" I argue, against the traditional view, that there is in fact no normal difference between killing and letting die --if one is permissible, then so is the other.Professor Sullivan does not dispute my argument; instead he dismisses it as irrelevant The traditional doctrine, he says, does not appeal to or depend on the distinction between killing and letting die. Therefore, arguments against that distinction "leave the traditional position untouched".Is my argument really irrelevant? I don' t see how it can be. As Sullivan himself points out, nearly everyone holds that it is sometimes meaningless to prolong the process of dying and that in those cases it is morally permissible to let a patient die even though a few more hours or days could be saved by procedures that would also increase the agonies of the dying. But if' it is impossible to defend a general distinction between letting people die and acting to terminate their lives directly, then it would seem that active euthanasia also may be morally permissible.But traditionalists like professor Sullivan hold that active euthanasia--the direct killing of patients--is not morally permissible; so, if thy argument is sound, their view must ,be mistaken. I can not agree, then, that my argument "leave the traditional position untouched".However, I shall not press this point. Instead I shall present some further arguments against the traditional position, concentrating on those elements of the position which professor Sullivan himself thinks most important. According to him, what is important is, first, that we should never intentionally terminate the life of a patient, either by action or omission, and second, that we may cease or omit treatment of a patient, knowing that this will result in death, only if the means of treatment involved are extraordinary.5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is______A. to air his opinions on Sullivan's fallacies.B. to attack the traditional view on euthanasia.C. to explain why his argument is relevant.D. to draw a line between killing and letting die.6. According to the author, the views held by traditional orthodox Catholics on euthanasia is______A. rather confusing.B. partially true.C. quite convincing.D. totally groundless.7. Which of the following best defines the word "omission" (Paragraph 6) ?A. InvolvementB. Sympathy.C. Suspension.D. Appraisal.8. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. orthodox Catholics accept some kinds of killing in some circumstances.B. Sullivan contends that there is difference between killing and letting die.C. Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.D. The author doesn't agree that he left the traditional position untouched.Passage 3Science writer Tom Standage draws apt parallels between the telegraph and the gem of late 20th-century technology, the Internet. Both systems grew out of the cutting edge science of their time. The telegraph's land lines, underwater cables, and clicking gadgets reflected the 19th century's research in electromagnetism. The Internet's computers and high-speed connections reflect 20th-century computer science, information theory, and materials technology.But, while gizmos make a global network possible, it takes human cooperation to make it happen. Standage's insight in this regard adds depth to his technological history. It underscores the relevance to our own time of the struggles of Samuel Morse in America, William Cooke in England, and other telegraph pioneers. They made thetechnology work efficiently, sold it to a skeptical public, and overcame national and international bureaucratic obstacles. The solutions they found smooth the Internet's way today.Consider a couple of technical parallels. Telegrams were sent from one station to the next, where they were received and retransmitted until they reached their destination. Stations along the way were owned by different entities, including national governments. Internet data is sent from one server computer to another that receives and retransmits it until it reaches its destination. Again the computers have a variety of owners.Then there is the social impact. The Internet is changing the way we do business and communicate. It makes possible virtual communities for individuals scattered around the planet who share mutual interests. Yet important as this may turn out to be, it is affecting a world that was already well connected by radio, television, and other telecommunications. The Associated Press, Reuters, and other news services would have spread the Start report quickly without the Internet. In this respect, the global telegraph network was truly revolutionary. The unprecedented availability of global news in real time gave birth to the Associated Press and Reuters news services. It gave a global perspective to newspapers that had focused on local affairs. A provincialism that geographical isolation had forced on people for millennia was gone forever.Some prophets naively hailed this as a force for world peace. They predicted that tensions over cultural and ethnic differences would relax as people interacted in real time. Visionaries say the same about the Internet. While communications can smooth this process, they don't automatically make it happen. As the experience of the past century and a half has shown, peace takes the will to make it work and sustained effort by all parties.9. In the opening paragraph, Tom Standage takes advantage of the strategy of______A. making a comparison.B. posing a contrast.C. drawing an analogy.D. enumerating details.10. The word "gizmos" (Paragraph 2) most probably means______A. scientists.B. devices.C. pioneers.D. institutions.11. Why is it that the global telegraph network truly revolutionary?A. It renders virtual communities worldwide feasible.B. It facilitated the breakup of pervasive provincialism.C. It makes real time global news service possible.D. It accelerated the liberalization of world trade.12. As used in the context, the denotation of "provincialism" (Paragraph 4) is closely associated with______A. rigidity in thinking.B. interests in global affairs.C. limitedness in outlook.D. residence in the provinces.13. It can be concluded front the text that the contribution of technological progresses to world peace will ultimately depend upon______A. smooth applications.B. universal access.C. global news services.D. human factors.Passage 4In an effort to alleviate America's increasing dependence on foreign oil and mitigate the worst effects of the current power crisis, Sens Frank Murkowski and John Breaux recently introduced the National Security Energy Act of 2001.While the bill contains a wide array of provisions, including everything from $ 1 billion for the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program to the promotion of alternative fuel vehicles, the most controversial measure calls for opening a small portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for oil and gas exploration.Liberals have already gone to war over the measure, charging that the potential resources in ANWR are negligible, that drilling in ANWR will have calamitous effects on the environment, and that any oil and gas that does come out of the area will arrive too late to solve any of the energy challenges consumers currently face.Yet such arguments simply don' t stand up to the evidence. In the first place, no one actually knows howmuch oil is available. A 1998 survey by the U. S. Geological Survey estimated that there are between 4. 3 and 11.8 billion barrels of oil within the area that could be recovered. Even using the low estimate, this would still be enough to supply all of the energy needs of the United States for nearly two-thirds of a year, more than enough to merit further exploration into the ANWR environment.Moreover, there is little evidence that the environment will be harmed by such activity. The New York Times Science Section recently pointed out that innovations in technology and technique have greatly reduced the environmental "footprint" left by oil exploration in general, and Mr. Murkowski estimates that the development resulting from even a large ANWR oil field would cover only about three square miles. Since drilling began in the Prudhoe Bay oil field, the herds of nearby caribou have greatly increased in size. Populations of nesting migratory birds have also gotten larger, "Over the past 20 years, the population of polar bears has remained exceedingly healthy," according to Mr. Murkowski.Helping the public is the primary reason for such drilling, even if the oil won't reach the market for months after the first well is capped. In the long-term, oil from ANWR will help lower energy prices, alleviate long-term energy shortages and reduce America's dependence on foreign oil.Currently, about 55 percent of America's dally oil consumption of almost 20 million barrels comes from foreign sources--700, 000 from Iraq. According to the Department of Energy, this dependence could grow to 64 percent by 2020. By then, the Center for Strategic and International Studies suggests, "fully 50 percent of estimated total global oil demand will be met from countries that pose a high risk of internal instability."America needs long-term solutions to its domestic energy needs and a smart start would be by exploring the resources at ANWR.14. According to the text, drilling in ANWR should be started______A. in the wake of a power crisis.B. despite its harmful effects.C. in the interests of the publicD. in the light of solid evidence.15. The word "mitigate" (Paragraph 1) most probably means______A. lessen.B. augment.C. migrate.D. modify.16. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A. It is no easy job to solve the problem of energy shortages in the US.B. Oppositions to the resources exploitations at ANSR are far-fetched.C. Drilling at ANWR will alleviate US dependence on foreign oil supplies.D. Evidence shows up that the ANSR program will harm the environment.Passage 5Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan laid forth the intellectual basis for the likely continued aggressive easing in monetary policy in the weeks ahead in his semi-annual monetary policy report to Congress.The broader point in his prepared testimony is that the improved information and production controls evident in the new economyinduce companies to respond more quickly and in tandem to changes in their business. Mistakes are still made as is evidenced by the unwanted buildup of inventories at the end of last year, but any mistakes are more aggressively addressed than in the past, as is evidenced by manufacturers' recent slashing of production. Moreover, the increasingly dramatic shifts in economic activity are particularly hard on confidence. Consumers and businesses literally freeze up due to the heightened uncertainty, and run from any perceived risks and curtail their spending and investment. If confidence deflates by enough, then a recession will ensue.Confidence has also been under extraordinary pressure in recent months due to surging energy prices and weaker stock prices. Higher energy bills have acted much like a tax increase, save the checks are largely being written to foreign energy producers. The lower stock prices are having a magnified impact due to the dramatic increase in stock wealth since the mid-1990s.The conduct of monetary policy must adjust to all of this, and thus respond more quickly and aggressivelythan in the past in an effort to shore up confidence. This explains the dramatic and unprecedented action (at least by a Greenspan-led Federal Reserve) to cut the federal funds rate target by 100 basis points in January: This also suggests that substantially more easing is on the way in the weeks ahead. Just when and by how much will depend on whether confidence continues to fall.The chairman made a point to note that policymakers have significant latitude to ease policy aggressively since inflation remains low and tame. Despite surging energy prices, inflation and inflation expectations remain contained.The Federal Reserve's economic projections for this year provided as part of the testimony support this non-recessionary view. Real GDP is expected to grow by between 2% and 2. 5% between the fourth quarter of 2000 and the fourth quarter of this year. Since this is below the economy's potential growth, the jobless rate will rise to approximately 4. 5% by year's end. Inflation will moderate somewhat in response.Recession risks are rising and as high as they have been since the last downturn almost a decade ago. The key buffer between a soft economy and a recessionary one is confidence, and today's testimony by the Federal Reserve chairman clearly indicates that policymakers will be as aggressive as they need to be to ensure that confidence erodes no further. With just a bit of luck they will succeed.17. The best title for this passage may be______A. Greenspan's Testimony.B. A New Economy.C. New Monetary Policy.D. A Confidence Builder.18. Which of the following can best be applied to the Fed Reserve's conduct of monetary policy?A. Boldness.B. Confidence.C. Caution.D. Moderateness.19. According to the passage, the new economy is characterized by______A. aggressive investment in stock markets.B. swift response of the chairman to recessions.C. wider latitude to ease monetary policy.D. better information and production controls.20. All of the following may contribute to the deflation of confidence EXCEPT______A. Lower stock markets.B. Less production controls.C. Surging energy prices.D. More risk perceptions.Part ⅢTranslation from English into ChineseA few years ago, the rich world's worry about economic interaction with developing countries was that the poor could not profit from it. So unbalanced were the terms of exchange between the North's mighty industries and the South's weakling sweatshops that trade between the two could be nothing more than exploitation of the one by the other; far from helping the poor countries, global integration would actually deepen their poverty. This fear has now given way to a pessimism that is equal and opposite--namely, that trade with the developing world will impoverish today's rich countries.This new fear is more dangerous than-the old one. The earlier scare tacitly affirmed that the, industrial countries would suffer if they cut heir links with the third world. Starting from there, campaigning in the North to restrict trade with developing countries was going to be an uphill struggle. Those who oppose deeper economic integration now have a better platform. Vital interests oblige the rich countries to protect their industries from the new competition. Unlike its predecessor, this idea may sell.The new fear, like the old one, expresses the conviction that growth in one part of the world must somehow come at the expense of another. This is a deeply rooted prejudice, and plainly wrong. Very nearly all of the world is more prosperous now than it was 30 years ago. Growth has been a story of mutual advance.Lending useful support to this first error is a second--the idea that there is only so much work to go round. If new technologies make some jobs obsolete, or if an increase in the supply of cheap imports makes other jobs uneconomic ,the result must be a permanent rise in unemployment. Again, on a moment's reflection, this is wrong.At the core of both errors is blindness to the adaptive power of a market economy.Part ⅣWritingDirections: According to some Western media, with the rise of Chinese population, Chinese government will not produce sufficient food to feed its people. Write an essay of about 250-300 words to criticize their ideas.Your essay must be based on the instructions as follows:1. Criticize their views2. Justify your point of view参考答案与解析1．D [解析] 题干问：“下面哪项是这篇文章的最佳标题?”正确选项为D“其实年轻人知道的并不少”，这个思想贯穿于文章的段落之间，而“know”是文章重复最多的概念。
全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲
全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲一、考试目的为配合我国实施医学专业学位制度，保证医学博士生学位授予质量，举行全国医学博士外语统一考试。
考试目的在于科学公正地测试考生掌握和运用英语的实际能力是否达到申请临床医学博士专业学位或攻读医学博士学位的英语水平。
二、考试设计1．本考试主要是用于博士生入学和申请医学博士专业学位的一种英语水平考试，其命题不以某一种医学英语教材为主要命题依据。
2．考试内容为医学公共英语，注重突出临床医学特点。
3．本考试从听力、词语用法、综合理解、阅读、书面表达五个方面命题，全面测试考生的英语能力，并突出对考生的英语应用和交际能力测试，以确定其是否已达到在职申请医学博士专业学位的英语水平或是否已达到医学博士研究生入学英语水平。
试卷一（Paper One）Ⅰ．听力理解（Listening Comprehension）30分钟Section A：简短对话（Short Conversations）简短对话旨在测试考生的英语听力能力，要求考生在听完每个对话之后，根据所听内容于12秒钟内对每个问题后的四个选择项做出正确选择，每个对话及提问只读一遍。
本部分共15小题，编号为1-15，每题1分，共计15分。
Section B：长对话及短文（Longer Conversations and Talks）本部分由一篇长对话和二篇短文组成，旨在测试考生对英语篇章的听力理解能力。
要求考生能理解所听材料的中心思想和主要内容，并能根据所听到的内容进行逻辑推理、分析概括和归纳总结。
每篇材料后附有5个问题，每个问题后均有四个选择项。
要求考生在听完每个问题后，于12秒钟内从中选出一个最佳答案。
每篇材料及提问只读一遍。
该部分共15小题，编号为16-30，每题1分，共计15分。
Ⅱ．词语用法（Vocabulary）10分钟词语用法旨在测试考生对英语词汇和短语的理解和使用能力，分两部分：Section A和Section B。
同济博士生考试英语
同济博士生考试英语
同济大学博士研究生入学考试英语是一个重要的考试，对于考生来说，英语考试成绩是评定其综合素质的重要指标之一。
同济博士生考试英语包含听力、阅读、写作和口语四个方面，其中听力和阅读是重点，也是难点。
听力考试主要考察考生的听力理解能力，包括听取学术讲座、报告等，要求考生能够听懂讲座的主要内容和关键词汇，并能根据听到的内容回答问题。
阅读考试主要以学术论文为主，要求考生能够熟练阅读和理解英文论文，掌握文章的主旨、论点和证据等。
考生需要能够准确地回答问题，解释文章的意义和结论。
写作考试主要考察考生的写作能力，要求考生能够熟练运用英语写出一篇有逻辑、有条理的学术论文。
考试的主题涉及广泛，包括科学、技术、人文等各个领域。
口语考试主要考察考生的口头表达能力，要求考生能够流利、清晰地表达自己的观点，准确地使用英语语法和词汇，具备良好的口语交际能力和沟通能力。
总之，同济博士生考试英语是一个综合性的考试，考生需要全面提高英语语言水平，具备较强的综合素质和学术能力，才能够在考试中取得好的成绩。
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同济大学博士研究生第一外国语(英语)教学安排及考试规定
同济大学博士研究生第一外国语（英语）教学安排及考试规定2009年9月修订为提高博士研究生公共英语教学质量，使教学安排和教学评估合理化、科学化，经研究特制定本课程教学安排及考试规定，并于2010年春开始实施。
一、博士研究生第一外国语（英语）教学总述博士研究生第一外国语（英语）(以下简称“博士生英语”)学习时间为一学期，教学组织安排采用课程选修与英语综合水平考试相结合的形式。
为有效提高博士研究生的英语运用能力，特别是用英语从事学术研究的能力，博士生英语开设具有较高要求的各类应用型和研究型课程。
课程分3个模块，共6门子课程。
博士研究生第一外国语（英语）成绩由课程考试成绩和英语综合水平考试成绩组成，期末根据教学要求组织各选修课程及英语综合水平考试。
选修课程考试与综合水平考试均通过者，获2学分。
综合水平考试不通过者须补考。
补考不通过按学籍管理相关规定办理；课程考试不通过者须补考，补考不通过须重修。
二、教学组织与安排博士生英语采用课堂教学与网上辅导、课堂面授与个别指导相结合，学业能力考核与综合水平考试相结合的方式组织教学。
博士研究生必须参加两门选修课程的学习和考核，课堂教学每周4学时，每门课程每周2学时。
学生在学期期末通过综合水平考试和两门选修课程考试，方可取得学分。
为达到教学所规定的目标，博士生英语课程亦充分利用网络的优势，开展网络教学和学习，作为课堂教学的补充。
博士生英语课程设置以下三个模块：博士学习阶段学生不得复选在硕士学习期间已修过的课程。
复选者一经查实，学习作无效处理。
三、免修免考规定符合下列条件之一的博士研究生可免修免考博士生英语课程：1、获全日制英语专业硕士学位；2、在英语国家学习一年以上，并获硕士学位；3、TOEFL 纸考成绩620分或网考105分、机考260分（3年内有效）；4、IELTS 成绩7.0分（3年内有效）；5、PETS 5级考试笔试80分，口试3分（3年内有效）；6、 同济大学博士研究生入学考试英语成绩排名前5%内。
同济大学博士生公共英语(一外)教学安排及考试规定
同济大学博士生公共英语（一外）教学安排及考试规定2007年12月修订下述规定为第一外国语为英语的博士生制定。
（1）博士生英语（一外）总述博士生英语（一外）学习时间为一学期，教学组织安排为选修课考查与综合性水平考试相结合。
为提高博士研究生的英语应用能力，特别是英语研究能力，英语系开设具有较高要求的各类应用型课程---《英语论文写作与发表》、《国际会议交流英语》、《外教口语》、《综合英语》、《高级口语》、《高级写作》、《英语修辞》、《高级阅读》、《英文文献翻译与阅读》等，并在每学期期末组织一次英语综合性水平考试。
凡考试考查通过者，获2学分。
考试不通过者须重考，课程考查不通过者须重修。
（2）教学安排博士生英语（一外）采用课堂教学与网上辅导、课堂面授与个人指导相结合，学业能力考查与综合水平考试相结合的方式组织教学。
博士生英语（一外）课堂课程教学每周4学时，学生必须选修两门应用型课程的学习。
每门课程每周两学时。
每位博士生在学期期末通过博士生英语（一外）综合水平考试后，并且完成两门考查课程的学习，方可取得学分。
博士生英语一外课程设置如下《英语论文写作与发表》《国际会议交流英语》《外教口语》课程结构《综合英语》选修考查《高级口语》（两门）《高级写作》《英语修辞》《高级阅读》《英文文献翻译与阅读》进入博士生阶段的学习者不得复选在硕士学习期间已修过的应用型课程，须另选其它选修课。
复选者一经查实，学习作无效处理。
（3）免修免考规定符合下列条件之一的博士研究生可免修免考博士生英语课程：1）获得全日制英语专业硕士学位；2）在英语国家学习一年以上，并获得硕士学位；3）TOEFL纸考成绩620分或网考105分、机考260分（3年内有效）；4）IELTS成绩7.0分（3年内有效）；5）WSK（PETS 5）考试合格（3年内有效）；6）同济大学博士生英语入学考试成绩85分。
符合上述条件的博士生，由本人提出申请，经英语系同意，研究生院培养处审核备案，可免修免考全部英语课程。
同济 申博 1901英语 马克思
同济申博1901英语马克思全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone, I'm here to tell you all about a famous guy named Marx. No, not Groucho Marx from the movies, but Karl Marx, the philosopher and economist! He's like a superhero in the world of ideas.Marx was born in 1818 in Germany. He thought a lot about how society works and how people should get along with each other. He came up with the idea that there are two main groups in society: the rich people who own factories and businesses, and the workers who have to work for them. He said that the rich people, or the capitalists, get richer by making the workers work really hard for not a lot of money. That's not fair, right?!Marx believed that workers should stand up for themselves and demand better treatment. He thought that if workers all worked together, they could change the system and share the wealth more equally. Sounds like a good idea, doesn't it?Marx wrote a book called "The Communist Manifesto" with his friend Engels, where they explained their ideas about howsociety could be fairer and more equal. They said that in a perfect world, everyone would share everything and there would be no more rich or poor people.Some people weren't too happy with Marx's ideas, though. They thought he was trying to start a revolution and overthrow the government. But Marx just wanted to make the world a better place for everyone, especially the workers who were struggling to make ends meet.So, there you have it, kids. Marx was a thinker who wanted to make the world a fairer place for everyone. Remember, it's always important to stand up for what you believe in and fight for justice. Who knows, maybe one day you'll be a superhero just like Marx!篇2Oh, hello everyone! Today I want to talk about a very important person in history. His name is Karl Marx. He was a super smart guy who lived a long time ago, in the 1800s. He thought a lot about how society works and how to make it better for everyone.Karl Marx believed in something called communism. That's when everyone shares everything and there are no rich or poorpeople. Sounds pretty cool, right? He thought that the working class, like our parents who have jobs, should be in charge instead of the rich bosses.Marx also talked a lot about capitalism, which is when people make money by owning stuff and making others work for them. He didn't like that very much. He said that the rich people were getting richer and the poor people were getting poorer. Not fair!Even though some people didn't like what Marx had to say, his ideas had a big impact on the world. Some countries like China and Russia tried to follow his ideas and create a communist society. But it didn't always work out perfectly.So, even though Karl Marx was a super smart guy with some good ideas, it's important to remember that not everything he said worked out the way he thought it would. But we can still learn a lot from him and think about how we can make the world a better place for everyone. Thanks for listening, guys!篇3Once upon a time, there was a super smart guy named Marx. He was like a superhero, but instead of fighting bad guys, he fought for fairness and equality for everyone. He believed thateveryone should be treated the same, no matter how rich or poor they were.Marx had this awesome idea called communism. It was all about sharing everything with everyone, so there wouldn't be any rich or poor people. Everyone would have the same stuff and be happy together. It sounded so cool!Marx wrote a lot of books and talked to a bunch of people about his ideas. He even made some new friends, like Engels. They were like the best buddies ever and together they talked about fixing all the unfair stuff in the world.But not everyone liked Marx's ideas. Some people thought he was a big troublemaker and wanted to stop him from spreading his ideas. They were like the bad guys in a superhero movie, trying to defeat the hero. But Marx was super smart and wouldn't give up.In the end, Marx's ideas started to catch on and more and more people started thinking about fairness and equality. It was like a revolution, but with words instead of weapons. Marx became a legend and his ideas lived on to inspire generations to come.So, remember kids, even if you're small like a superhero, you can still make a big difference in the world, just like Marx did. Let's all be like Marx and fight for fairness and equality for everyone!篇4Oh my goodness, writing a 2000-word article in English about Tongji, Sun Bingo, 1901 and Marx in a primary school style is going to be super fun! Let's get started!Once upon a time, there was this super cool place called Tongji University. It's in China and it's like a big school where students go to learn all sorts of things. They have all kinds of classes there, like math, science, and even English!One day, I heard about this special game called Sun Bingo. It's like a fun way to learn about numbers and have a great time with your friends. I think it would be so much fun to play Sun Bingo at Tongji University!Oh, and did you know that Tongji University was founded in 1901? That's like a really long time ago! It's been around for over a hundred years, can you believe it? I bet they have so many cool stories and history to learn about.And you know who else was really famous a long time ago? This guy named Marx. He was like a big thinker and writer and he had all these ideas about how the world works. People still talk about him and his ideas today, that's how important he was.So, in conclusion, Tongji, Sun Bingo, 1901, and Marx are all super interesting things to learn about. I hope I can visit Tongji University someday and play Sun Bingo with my friends. And maybe, just maybe, I'll even learn more about Marx and his big ideas. The end!篇5Hey everyone, today let's talk about this dude called Marx. His full name is Karl Marx, and he was a super famous dude who lived a long time ago. He was born in 1818 in Germany and did a lot of cool stuff. One of the biggest things he did was come up with something called Marxism.So, what's Marxism all about? Well, it's all about how society is divided into two main groups: the rich folks, who own all the factories and stuff, and the poor folks, who have to work in those factories for not a lot of money. Marx thought this was super unfair and wanted to make things more equal for everyone.Marx also talked a lot about capitalism, which is a fancy word for a system where the rich folks make a ton of money off the poor folks. He thought capitalism was bad news and wanted to get rid of it.One of Marx's big ideas was that workers should rise up and take control of the factories for themselves. He called this the "communist revolution" and believed it would make the world a better and fairer place for everyone.Even though Marx's ideas were pretty radical, a lot of people thought he was a genius. His writings are still super important today and have inspired lots of folks to fight for workers' rights and social justice.So yeah, that's a little peek into the world of Karl Marx. He may have lived a long time ago, but his ideas are still making waves today. Cool, huh?篇6Marx is super cool! He is like a super smart thinker who came up with a lot of ideas about society and how things work. He wrote a lot of books and stuff about how the world is set up and how people are treated. He talked about things like workers and bosses and how there are rich and poor people.Marx was friends with another guy named Engels, and they wrote a famous book together called "The Communist Manifesto". In this book, they talked about how workers should rise up and take control of things. They wanted to make a world where everyone is equal and no one is bossing anyone else around.They also talked a lot about capitalism, which is a system where some people have a lot of money and power, while others have very little. Marx and Engels thought that this system was unfair and that workers should be in charge instead. They believed in a classless society where everyone could share in the wealth and power.Marx's ideas have had a big impact on the world, and many people have been inspired by his work. Some countries even tried to follow his ideas and create a communist society. Even though not everything went as planned, Marx's ideas are still important today and are studied by lots of people who want to make the world a better place.So yeah, Marx was a pretty rad dude who had some awesome ideas about how to make the world more fair and equal. Thanks, Marx!篇7Alrighty, here goes my essay on Marx from Tongji University:Yo yo yo, what's up homies?! Today I'm gonna tell ya all about this dude Marx from Tongji University. Yep, he's like a big deal in the world of philosophy and stuff, so let's dive right in!So, Marx was born in 1901 and he was super smart. He had all these ideas about how society works and how we can make it better for everyone. He believed in communism, which is all about sharing stuff and making sure everyone has what they need. Sounds pretty cool, right?Marx studied at Tongji University and learned a ton of stuff about economics and politics. He thought that the way society was set up at the time was super unfair and that we needed to change things. He wrote a whole bunch of books about his ideas, like "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital".One of Marx's big ideas was that the working class should rise up and take control of the means of production. He thought that if everyone worked together, we could create a society where everyone was equal and happy. Sounds like a pretty sweet deal, huh?Marx's ideas have had a huge impact on the world, and lots of people still study and talk about them today. So next time you hear someone talking about Marx, you'll know what they're on about. Alright, that's it for today, folks! Peace out!篇8Hey guys, do you know who Karl Marx is? Let me tell you all about him!Karl Marx was a super smart dude who lived a long time ago. He was born in 1818 in Germany. He had lots of big ideas about how society works and how to make it better for everyone. Marx thought that the workers should have the power and the money, instead of rich bosses. He called this idea communism.Marx worked with his friend Friedrich Engels to write a book called "The Communist Manifesto." In this book, they talked about how the working class should rise up and take control of the factories and businesses. They also wrote another book called "Das Kapital," where they explained how capitalism is bad for the workers.Marx's ideas were really popular in some countries, like Russia and China. They had revolutions and tried to make a communist society, just like Marx wanted. But things didn'talways go as planned, and sometimes the leaders of these countries did bad things in the name of communism.Even though some countries didn't do a great job of following Marx's ideas, he still had a big impact on the world. His ideas about capitalism, socialism, and class struggle are still talked about today. So next time you hear about Karl Marx, remember that he was a guy who wanted to make the world a better place for everyone.篇9Hey guys, today I want to talk about a really smart guy named Marx. Yeah, Karl Marx! He was a super cool dude who lived a long time ago and came up with some really interesting ideas about society and stuff.So, Marx thought that the world was divided into two groups of people - the rich folks who owned all the factories and stuff, and the working class who had to work in those factories for very little money. He thought that the rich guys were making all the money by exploiting the working class and that wasn't fair at all.Marx also believed that the working class should rise up and take control of the factories and stuff so that everyone could share the wealth equally. He called this idea communism, whereeveryone would work together and nobody would be super rich or super poor.But, some people didn't like Marx's ideas and thought that he was too radical. They said that his ideas would lead to chaos and that it was better to stick with the way things were. But Marx didn't care, he kept on spreading his ideas and now, lots of people around the world still talk about him and his cool ideas.So yeah, that's a little bit about Marx and his ideas. He was a pretty smart guy and he had some really cool stuff to say about society and how things should be. I think it's important to listen to different ideas and think about how we can make the world a better place for everyone.篇10Hey guys, today I want to talk about three really important people in history: Tongji, Marx, and Sun Bin.First, let's talk about Tongji. Tongji was a really smart guy from China who did a lot of cool stuff. He was a great philosopher and teacher. He taught people how to be good and how to help others. Tongji believed that everyone should be treated fairly and that we should all work together to make the world a better place.Next, let's talk about Marx. Marx was a super famous guy from Germany. He had lots of big ideas about how to make the world a better place. Marx thought that people should share everything and work together as a team. He wanted to help poor people and make sure everyone had a fair chance in life.Last but not least, let's talk about Sun Bin. Sun Bin was a really cool dude from China who was super good at strategy. He was a famous military leader who came up with lots of clever plans to win battles. Sun Bin taught people that you need to think ahead and be smart if you want to do well in life.So, in conclusion, Tongji, Marx, and Sun Bin were all really important people in history who taught us how to be good, fair, and smart. Let's remember their lessons and try to be just like them!。
申博面试英语 同济
申博面试英语同济As a document creator, I am going to introduce the interview process for the Sunac Group at Tongji University. The Sunac Group is a well-known real estate company in China, and they are actively recruiting new talents from top universities like Tongji.The interview process at Sunac Group usually consists of several stages. The first stage is the resume screening, where the HR team will review the candidates' resumes to select the most qualified ones for further interviews. It is important for candidates to highlight their relevant experiences and skills on their resumes to increase their chancesof being selected.After the resume screening, the selected candidates will be invited to participate in the first-round interview, which is usually conducted by HR professionals. During this interview, candidates will be asked about their background, experiences, and career goals. It is important for candidates to demonstrate their passion for the real estate industry and their willingness to learn and grow within the company.Successful candidates will then proceed to the second-round interview, which is usually conducted by senior managers or department heads. In this interview, candidates may be asked more in-depth questions about their technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and leadership potential. It is important for candidates to showcase their analytical thinking, communication skills, and team spirit during this interview.Finally, the last stage of the interview process is the final interview, where the top candidates will meet with the company's top executives, including the CEO. This interview is crucial as it gives candidates the opportunity to demonstrate their strategic thinking, business acumen, and vision for the future. It is important for candidates to prepare thoroughly for this interview and be ready to answer challenging questions.Overall, the interview process at Sunac Group is rigorous and competitive. Candidates who are well-prepared, confident, and passionate about the real estate industry will have a higher chance of succeeding in the interviews. It is important forcandidates to showcase their unique strengths and qualities during each stage of the interview process to stand out from the competition and secure a job offer from Sunac Group.。
2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲
2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! Are you ready for the 2024 Ph.D. entrance exam? Here's a sneak peek at the English exam outline:1. Reading Comprehension:You'll read passages on various topics, like science, history, and literature. Then, answer questions to test your understanding.2. Vocabulary:Brush up on your word skills! You'll be asked to define words, match them to their meanings, and use them in sentences.3. Grammar:Watch out for those tricky grammar rules! Be prepared to identify errors in sentences and fix them.4. Writing:Show off your writing skills by composing essays on given topics. Remember to organize your ideas, use proper grammar, and support your arguments with examples.5. Listening:Listen to recordings of conversations, lectures, or interviews. Then, answer questions to show how well you understood the spoken English.6. Speaking:Finally, the speaking section! You'll have to talk about a given topic for a certain amount of time. Practice speaking clearly and confidently.Remember to study hard, stay focused, and do your best on the exam. Good luck, future Ph.D. students! You got this!篇2Title: Entrance Exam Outline for 2024 Doctoral StudentsHey guys! Are you ready to ace the entrance exam for your Ph.D. program in 2024? I'm here to give you all the deets on what to expect so you can totally crush it!1. Reading Comprehension: You'll be asked to read a few passages and answer questions about them. Make sure to read carefully and go back to the text to find the answers.2. Vocabulary: Get ready to show off your word knowledge! You'll need to know the meanings of some tricky words and how to use them in sentences.3. Grammar: Brush up on your grammar rules because you'll be tested on things like verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation.4. Writing: You might have to write an essay or a short response to a prompt. Make sure to organize your thoughts and use clear, concise language.5. Listening: There will be some listening exercises where you'll have to answer questions about what you hear. Pay attention and take notes if it helps!6. Speaking: You might have to do a speaking task like describing a picture or answering questions about yourself. Speak clearly and confidently!Remember, the key to doing well on the exam is to prepare ahead of time. Study your English skills, practice with samplequestions, and get plenty of rest before the big day. Good luck, future doctors! You've got this!篇3Hello everyone, I am little Timmy, and today I am going to tell you all about the entrance exam for the 2024 Doctoral Program in English. Are you ready? Let's get started!First of all, there will be a listening section where you have to listen to a short audio clip and answer questions about it. It could be a conversation between two people or a story. Make sure to pay attention and take notes if you need to.Next, there will be a reading comprehension section where you will read passages and answer questions to show your understanding. Make sure to read carefully and take your time. Don't rush!After that, there will be a writing section where you have to write an essay on a given topic. Make sure to organize your thoughts and write clearly. Don't forget to check for spelling and grammar mistakes!Lastly, there will be a speaking section where you will have to talk about a topic for a few minutes. Practice speaking English as much as you can before the exam so you feel confident.Remember, the key to doing well on the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Study hard and don't be afraid to ask for help if you need it. You can do it!Good luck to all the little scholars taking the exam. You can do it!篇4Hello everyone! Today I'm going to tell you all about the entrance exam for doctoral students in 2024. It's going to be super exciting, so buckle up and let's dive in!First off, the English exam is going to test your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. You'll need to show that you can understand complex passages, write a cohesive essay, listen to lectures and discussions, and participate in conversations. It's important to prepare in advance by studying vocabulary, grammar, and practicing your English skills every day.In the reading section, you'll be asked to read passages on various topics and answer questions to show your comprehension. Make sure to read carefully and take your time to understand the main points of each passage. Practice reading academic articles, essays, and scientific papers to get used to the type of reading you'll encounter in the exam.Next, the writing section will require you to write an essay on a given topic. You'll need to organize your ideas cohesively, support your arguments with evidence, and demonstrate your critical thinking skills. Practice writing essays on different topics and ask for feedback from teachers or peers to improve your writing skills.For the listening section, you'll listen to lectures, discussions, and conversations and answer questions to demonstrate your listening comprehension. Pay close attention to the main ideas, key details, and relationships between speakers to answer the questions accurately. Practice listening to podcasts, TED talks, and academic lectures to improve your listening skills.Lastly, the speaking section will test your ability to communicate verbally in English. You'll be asked questions and engage in conversations with examiners to demonstrate your speaking skills. Practice speaking English regularly with nativespeakers or language partners to improve your pronunciation, fluency, and confidence in speaking.In conclusion, the 2024 doctoral entrance exam will be a challenging but rewarding opportunity to showcase your English skills and pursue your academic goals. Remember to study hard, practice consistently, and stay confident in your abilities. Good luck to all the aspiring doctoral students out there - you've got this!篇5Title: 2024 Ph.D. Graduate School Entrance Exam English Exam OutlineHey there, future doctoral students! Are you ready to rock the 2024 entrance exam for graduate school? We've got you covered with the English exam outline to help you prepare and succeed in the big test. Let's dive into it!1. Reading Comprehension:You will be tested on your ability to understand and analyze academic texts. You'll be asked to read passages on various topics and answer questions to demonstrate yourcomprehension skills. Make sure to read carefully and pay attention to details.2. Vocabulary and Grammar:You'll need to show off your knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar. Be prepared to identify synonyms, antonyms, and complete sentences with appropriate words. Brush up on your verb tenses, prepositions, and sentence structure to ace this section.3. Writing Skills:Get ready to put your writing skills to the test! You'll be asked to write essays or short responses on given prompts. Make sure to organize your thoughts coherently, use proper grammar and punctuation, and develop your ideas with clear examples. Practice writing before the exam to improve your skills.4. Listening Comprehension:Listening skills are crucial for academic success. You'll be required to listen to lectures or conversations and answer questions based on the information provided. Focus on understanding the main ideas, key details, and supporting arguments.5. Speaking Skills:The speaking section will assess your ability to communicate effectively in English. You may be asked to participate in conversations, present ideas, or give a speech. Practice speaking fluently, clearly, and confidently to showcase your communication skills.Remember, preparation is key to success! Study regularly, practice different types of questions, and seek help from teachers or tutors if needed. Stay confident, stay focused, and give it your best shot on exam day. Good luck, future scholars! You've got this!篇6Hello everyone! I'm super excited to share with you the English exam outline for the 2024 doctoral entrance exam. Okay, let's dive in!1. Reading Comprehension- Read a passage and answer questions to test your understanding of the text.- Questions may include identifying main ideas, making inferences, and analyzing the author's purpose.2. Vocabulary and Grammar- Complete sentences with the correct words or phrases.- Identify grammatical errors and correct them.- Choose the best synonym or antonym for a given word.3. Writing- Write an essay on a given topic, expressing your opinions and supporting them with reasons and examples.- Summarize a passage in your own words.- Write a formal email or letter in response to a given situation.4. Listening Comprehension- Listen to conversations or lectures and answer questions based on what you hear.- Fill in missing information in a dialogue.- Identify the main idea or purpose of a recording.5. Speaking- Participate in a conversation with the examiner, discussing a given topic.- Give a short presentation on a specific topic, using visuals if necessary.- Answer questions on the spot, demonstrating your ability to think quickly and articulate your thoughts clearly.Don't forget to review your English grammar and vocabulary regularly, practice reading and listening to English materials, and work on your writing and speaking skills. Good luck with your exam preparation, and remember to have fun while learning English!篇7Hey guys, guess what? I have some super cool news for you!I just found out about the English exam outline for the 2024 Ph.D. graduate school entrance exam! Isn't that awesome?So, in the exam, we're gonna have to show off our English skills in a bunch of different ways. We'll have to do things like reading comprehension, writing essays, and answering grammar questions. But don't worry, I know we can totally rock this exam!First up, there's gonna be a reading comprehension section where we read some passages and answer questions about them.We gotta make sure we understand what we're reading and can find the main ideas and details.Next, we'll have to write some essays on different topics. We gotta make sure our writing is clear, organized, and has good grammar and vocabulary. I know we're all super smart, so we can totally nail this part!And finally, there's gonna be some grammar questions to test our knowledge of English grammar rules. We gotta know things like verb tenses, prepositions, and punctuation. But I know we've all been studying hard, so we'll totally crush this part too!Overall, the exam is gonna test our English skills in a bunch of different ways. But I know we've all been working super hard and we're gonna do amazing. Let's go show everyone how awesome we are at English! Woo hoo!篇8Hello everyone! Today I'm going to share with you the English exam outline for the 2024 Doctoral Entrance Exam. It's going to be super duper fun, so let's get started!1. Reading Comprehension- Read a passage and answer questions about the main idea, details, and vocabulary.- Might have multiple-choice questions, true/false questions, and short-answer questions.- Practice reading different types of texts like articles, stories, and reports.2. Vocabulary and Grammar- Fill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase.- Identify the parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.).- Correct the grammar mistakes in sentences.- Learn new words and practice using them in sentences.3. Writing- Write a short essay on a given topic.- Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.- Use linking words to connect your ideas.- Check your spelling, punctuation, and grammar.4. Speaking- Talk about a topic for a few minutes without stopping.- Answer questions about yourself and your opinions.- Practice speaking clearly and confidently.- Listen to recordings and practice repeating after them.5. Listening- Listen to a recording and answer questions about the content.- Pay attention to the main idea, details, and speaker's tone.- Practice listening to different accents and speeds.- Take notes while listening to help you remember key points.Remember to practice a little bit every day to prepare for the exam. Good luck, future scholars! You can do it!篇9Hello everyone! Today I'm gonna share the big news about the entrance exam for the doctoral program in 2024. Are youexcited? Well, let me break it down for you in a simple and fun way!First of all, the exam will have three main parts: listening, reading, and writing. In the listening section, you'll have to listen to conversations and answer questions about them. So make sure to practice your listening skills by watching English movies and TV shows!Next up is the reading section, where you'll have to read passages and answer questions. Remember to pay attention to details and take your time to understand the text. You can also practice by reading English books and articles.Last but not least is the writing section. You'll have to write essays on various topics, so make sure to practice your writing skills by writing every day. Remember to use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary to impress the examiners!In addition to these three main sections, there will also be a speaking test where you'll have to have a conversation with the examiners. So practice speaking English with your friends or even in front of a mirror to boost your confidence!Overall, the key to doing well in the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Don't worry if you make mistakes, just keeplearning and improving. With hard work and dedication, I'm sure you'll do great in the 2024 entrance exam for the doctoral program. Good luck everyone, you got this!篇10Dear students,Welcome to the 2024 PhD entrance examination! We're so excited to have you all here to take part in this big test. We know it can be a little nerve-wracking, but don't worry, we believe in you!First off, let's talk about what's going to be on the exam. You can expect to see questions on a variety of topics, including your field of study, general knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The exam will be divided into multiple sections, each testing different aspects of your abilities.In the first section, you'll be asked to demonstrate your knowledge of your field of study. This might include questions about key concepts, major figures in the field, and recent developments. Make sure to review your notes and textbooks before the exam to refresh your memory!The second section will test your general knowledge. You might be asked questions about current events, popular culture, or historical events. Stay up to date on the news and try to read widely to prepare for this section.The third section will focus on critical thinking. You'll be presented with scenarios or arguments and asked to analyze them, identify flaws, and make logical conclusions. Practice thinking critically about the world around you to do well on this part of the exam.Finally, the fourth section will test your problem-solving skills. You might be given a complex problem and asked to come up with a solution, or asked to explain your thought process for solving a puzzle. Practice thinking creatively and approaching problems from different angles to excel on this section.Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm and do your best. Good luck, and we look forward to seeing all the amazing things you will accomplish in your future academic career!Sincerely,The Examination Committee。
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本考试对教材不作统一规定，凡符合下列评价目标的课程及教材都适合考生应考复习。
一、评价目标
考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：
(一)语言知识
1．语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2．词汇
考生应能掌握8000-10000左右的词汇以及相关词组。
(二)语言技能
1．阅读
考生应能读懂不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3％)，包括信函、书报杂志上的文章等。
根据所读材料，考生应能：
1)理解主旨要义；
2)理解文中的具体信息；
3)理解文中的概念性含义；
4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；
5)根据上下文推测生词的词义；
6)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；
7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度；
8)区分论点和论据。
2.翻译(英译中)
考生应能将所给的文字材料译成汉语,理解正确,译文达意。
3.写作
考生应能正确使用4－5千英语词汇，熟练掌握相关英语习惯用法；应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
短文写作时，考生应能：
1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；
2)遵循文章的特定文体格式，做到行文流畅，词汇丰富，句式变化；
3)合理组织文章结构，使其中心突出，内容统一、上下文连贯；
4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。
二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构
(一)考试形式
考试形式为笔试。
笔试考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
(二)笔试考试内容与试卷结构
笔试试题分四部分，包括词汇,阅读理解,翻译(英译中)和写作。
第一部分词汇
该部分共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
主要测试考生的词汇量。
要求考生根据所给的题目，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，或填空。
第二部分阅读理解
该部分共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
主要考查考生理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、猜测生词词义并进行推断等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的五--六篇文章的内容，从每题所给
出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
第三部分翻译(英译中)
该部分考查考生的理解和翻译(英译中)能力。
要求考生把所提供的一或两篇短文译成中文.共20分。
第四部分写作
该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。
共1题，20分。
本部分要求考生掌握、应用一定的英语写作技巧，能即兴写作各种所学体裁的短文；提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。
要求完成250-300个词以上的英文短文。