2019高考英语一轮基础达标练题 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors(含解析

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors李仕才一、阅读理解。

Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to lis ten to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive t han simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos.B. Ethos.C. Logos.D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate money.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe MeD. Strength of Persuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。

1.A 【解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agreewith you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。

故选A。

3.C 【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying toconvince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。

因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。

故选C。

4.B 【解析】标题判断题。

纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。

因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。

故选B。

二、单句语法填空。

1．They ________(interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.答案：were interrupted 表示过去发生的动作，且主语they与interrupt之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，填were interrupted。

2．We have no alternative but ________(sell) our house to pay the debt.答案：to sell have no alternative but to do ... “除……之外别无选择，只能做……”。

3．It is generally ________(assume) that stress is caused by too much work.答案：assumed It is assumed that ... “普遍认为……”。

4．We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great ________ (significant) to both our society and ourselves.答案：significance of great significance＝very significant “意义重大/非常重要”。

5．Once ________(arrest), he was likely to betray everything to the police.答案：arrested arrest与其逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，故用过去分词在句中作状语。

6．If only I ________ (look) ahead a few days ago! Then I wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.答案：had looked 由语境和句子结构可判断if only后应用虚拟语气；由时间状语a few days ago 可知表示与过去事实相反，故应填had looked。

look ahead “向前看；为将来打算”。

7．This is a historic building ________(date) back to the 17thcentury.答案：dating date back to＝date from表示“追溯到……”，无进行时，无被动语态，句中已有谓语动词is，且building和date back to存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故应填现在分词dating作后置定语。

8．I am fed up ________this weather; it's time we had somesunshine.答案：with be fed up with “受够了；厌烦……”。

9．Sometimes we went ahead and did it, regardless ________the consequences.答案：of regardless of “不管；不顾”。