Haptic tele-operation system control design for the ultrasound task A loop-shaping approach

Design and verification of a laser based device for pavement macrotexture measurement Original Research ArticleTransportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies ,Volume 19,Issue 4, August 2011, Pages 682-694Weifeng Wang, Xinping Yan, Helai Huang, Xiumin Chu, Mohamed Abdel-Aty Show preview | Related articles | Related reference w ork articles Purchase $ 31.50 Research highlights► A practical laser device for pavement macrotexture measurement. ► Obtain three groups ofmacrotexture parameters. ► Seven types of pavement surface employed in system verification. ► Thedevice can provide efficient, reliable, accurate and consistent measurements.968Towards an ideal biomaterial for vitreous replacement: Historical overview and future trends Review ArticleActa Biomaterialia , Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages921-935Francesco BainoClose preview | Related articles | Related reference w ork articles Abstract | Figures/Tables | ReferencesAbstractRemoval of the natural vitreous body from the eye and its substitution with atamponade agent may be necessary in cases of complicated retinaldetachment. Many materials have been variously proposed and tested overthe years in an attempt to find an ideal vitreous substitute. This reviewhighlights the evolution of research in the field of vitreous replacement andchronicles the main advances that have been made in such a context. Thesuitability and limitations of vitreous tamponade agents and substitutes incurrent clinical use are examined, and the future promise of experimentallytested biomaterials are described and discussed. Future trends in research arealso considered and, specifically, the great potential of polymeric hydrogels isemphasized, as they seem to be very effective in closely mimicking thefeatures of the natural vitreous and they could successfully act as long-termPurchase $ 41.95vitreous substitutes without inducing clinical complications in the patient’s eye.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. The vitreous body: a short overview2.1. Vitreous embryogenesis2.2. Features and functions of the vitreous2.3. Ageing of the vitreous3. The need, search and surgical procedures for vitreous substitution4. First attempts at vitreous replacement: vitreous transplants5. Vitreous tamponade agents currently used in clinical practice5.1. Gases5.1.1. Air5.1.2. Sulphur hexafluoride and perfluorocarbon gases5.1.3. Occasionally used gases5.2. Liquids5.2.1. Physiological solutions5.2.2. Silicone-based oils5.2.3. Perfluorocarbon liquids5.2.4. Semifluorinated alkanes and heavy oils6. Towards an ideal artificial vitreous: polymers mimicking the features of natural vitreous6.1. First approach: compositional/structural bio-mimicry6.1.1. Hyaluronic acid6.1.2. Gelatin and collagen6.1.3. Hyaluronate/collagen gel mixture6.1.4. Hyaluronic acid/gellan gum gel6.1.5. Occasionally tested polysaccharides6.2. Second approach: functional bio-mimicry 6.2.1. Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)6.2.2. Polyacrylamide6.2.3. Poly(glyceryl methacrylate)6.2.4. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)6.2.5. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)6.2.6. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose6.2.7. Pluronic F1276.2.8. Poly(vinyl alcohol)6.2.9. Silicone gel6.2.10. Poly(methyl 2-acrylamidoglycolate methyl ether)6.2.11.Adcon®-L hydrogel6.2.12. Poly(vinyl alcohol methacrylate)6.3. A meeting point between the two approaches: a promise for the future6.3.1. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid6.3.2. Cross-linked gelatin7. Hydrogels: the best candidates for vitreous substitution?8. Criteria and guidelines for selecting suitable vitreous substitutes9. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsAppendix A. Figures with essential colour discriminationReferences969Design and development of a mobile peer-to-peersocial networking application Original Research ArticleExpert Systems with Applications, Volume 36, Issue 8,October 2009, Pages 11077-11087Flora S. Tsai, Wenchou Han, Junwei Xu, Hock ChuanChuaClose preview | Related articles | Related reference w ork articlesAbstract | Figures/Tables | ReferencesPurchase$ 41.95AbstractThe proliferation of wireless and mobile devices such as personal digital assistants and mobile phones has created a large demand for mobile software applications such as social networking software. In addition, the realization and widespread usage of peer-to-peer (P2P) networking have drastically increased the number of applications utilizing these technologies. The convergence of mobile and P2P networking have generated increasing interest in the mobile peer-to-peer (MP2P) community. In this paper, we describe the design and development of a mobile social software (MoSoSo) based on a P2P network architecture using Juxtapose (JXTA) and Juxtapose for Java MicroEdition (JXME). The MoSoSo application allows users to discover, communicate and share resources with one another. We present three facets of designing the MoSoSo: object-oriented software design, network infrastructure design, and user-interface design. The software has been fully implemented and tested on a variety of mobile devices for use in a campus setting. By studying the design and implementation of the MoSoSo, we hope to benefit the entire mobile application development community by providing common models and insights into developing MP2P software.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Review of related work2.1. Characteristics of P2P2.2. Available network architectures2.2.1. Client/server architecture2.2.2. Centralized P2P network architecture2.2.3. Decentralized P2P network architecture2.2.4. Hybrid P2P network architecture2.3. Mobile social networking2.3.1. MamJam2.3.2. Rummble2.3.3. Dodgeball2.3.4. Plazes2.3.5. Jambo2.3.6. ProxiDating2.3.7. Summary2.4. Mobile P2P file-sharing2.4.1. BitTorrent2.4.2. Gnutella2.4.3. eDonkey2.4.4. BT Share2.4.5. Other studies2.4.6. Summary3. Design3.1. Object-oriented design3.1.1. Use case diagrams3.2. Scenarios and use cases3.2.1. Text Messaging Scenario in a campus setting 3.2.2. Picture Sharing Scenario in a campus setting 3.2.3. Class diagram for application3.3. Network design4. Results and discussion4.1. Network test4.1.1. Data transfer speed test4.2. Implementation5. ConclusionsReferences970 The effect of microscopic inhomogeneities inacetone/methanol binary liquid mixtures observedthrough the Raman spectroscopic noncoincidenceeffect Original Research ArticleJournal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 147, Issues 1-2, 20July 2009, Pages 37-44Maurizio Musso, Maria Grazia Giorgini, Hajime ToriiClose preview | Related articles | Related reference w ork articlesAbstract | Figures/Tables | ReferencesAbstractThe noncoincidence effect of the C O stretch of acetone and of the O–Hstretch of methanol in acetone/methanol mixtures has been studied as functionof the concentration of the two liquids in the mixture at 293 K. The observedconvex concentration dependence of the noncoincidence effect both for theC O stretch and the O–H stretch is in agreement with that obtained for aStockmayer mixture via Monte Carlo simulation, indicating the occurrence ofmicroscopic inhomogeneities.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental3. Results and discussion4. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.95971 Water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuelcells Review ArticleProgress in Energy and Combustion Science, Volume 37,Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 221-291Kui Jiao, Xianguo LiPurchase$ 31.50Close preview | Related articles | Related reference w ork articlesAbstract | Figures/Tables | ReferencesAbstractPolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been recognized as a promising zero-emission power source for portable, mobile and stationary applications. To simultaneously ensure high membrane proton conductivity and sufficient reactant delivery to reaction sites, water management has become one of the most important issues for PEMFC commercialization, and proper water management requires good understanding of water transport in different components of PEMFC. In this paper, previous researches related to water transport in PEMFC are comprehensively reviewed. The state and transport mechanism of water in different components are elaborated in detail. Based on the literature review, it is found that experimental techniques have been developed to predict distributions of water, gas species, temperature and other parameters in PEMFC. However, difficulties still remain for simultaneous measurements of multiple parameters, and the cell and system design modifications required by measurements need to be minimized. Previous modeling work on water transport in PEMFC involves developing rule-based and first-principle-based models, and first-principle-based models involve multi-scale methods from atomistic to full cell levels. Different models have been adopted for different purposes and they all together can provide a comprehensive view of water transport in PEMFC. With the development of computational power, application of lower length scale methods to higher length scales for more accurate and comprehensive results is feasible in the future. Researches related to cold start (s tartup from subzero temperatures) and high temperature PEMFC (HT-PEMFC) (operating at the temperatures higher than 100 °C) are also reviewed. Ice formation that hinders reactant delivery and damages cell materials is the major issue for PEMFC cold start,and enhancing water absorption by membrane electrolyte and external heating have been identified as the most effective ways to reduce ice formation and accelerate temperature increment. HT-PEMFC that can operate without liquid water formation and membrane hydration greatly simplifies water management strategy, and promising performance of HT-PEMFC has been demonstrated.A rticle OutlineNomenclature1. Introduction1.1. Fundamental principles1.2. Origin and importance of water management1.3. Strategy and impact of water management1.4. Scope and objective2. State of water2.1. In membrane2.2. In gas diffusion layer2.3. In catalyst layer2.4. In flow channel2.5. Summary3. Mechanism of water transport3.1. In membrane3.1.1. Proton transport3.1.2. Diffusion of water3.1.3. Electro-osmotic drag effect3.1.4. Hydraulic permeation3.1.5. Reactant transport3.1.6. Membrane expansion3.2. In gas diffusion layer3.2.1. Diffusion and convection3.2.2. Surface tension and wall adhesion effects in porous media: capillary effect3.2.3. Condensation and evaporation of water3.3. In catalyst layer3.4. In flow channel3.5. Summary4. Experimental observation4.1. Current distribution measurement4.2. High frequency resistance distribution measurement4.3. Gas species concentration measurement4.4. Temperature distribution measurement4.5. Water visualization4.6. Summary5. Overview of numerical models5.1. Level of scale5.2. History of model development5.3. Summary6. Multi-dimensional multi-component multiphase model with full cell geometry 6.1. Computational domain6.2. Two-fluid model6.3. Mixture model6.4. Boundary conditions and numerical implem entation6.5. Two-fluid model vs mixture model6.6. Summary7. Modeling water transport in membrane7.1. Macroscopic approach7.1.1. Diffusive model7.1.2. Chemical potential model7.1.3. Hydraulic model7.1.4. Combinational model7.2. Bottom-up approach and physical models7.2.1. Modeling ionomer self-organization7.2.2. Modeling proton transport7.2.3. Physical models with simplified membrane micro-structure7.3. Summary8. Modeling water transport in gas diffusion layer8.1. Homogeneous approach8.2. Structure generation8.3. Volume-of-fluid model8.4. Lattice Boltzmann model8.5. Rule-based model8.5.1. Full morphology model8.5.2. Pore-network model8.6. Summary9. Modeling water transport in catalyst layer9.1. Agglomerate model9.2. Molecular dynamics and office-lattice pseudo particle simulations9.3. Summary10. Modeling water transport in flow channel10.1. Volume-of-fluid model10.2. Other aspects10.3. Summary11. Cold start11.1. Experimental work11.2. Numerical model11.3. Cold start characteristics11.4. Summary12. High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell 12.1. Experiential work12.2. Numerical model12.3. Performance12.4. Summary13. Summary and outlookAcknowledgementsReferences972 Statistical mixture design — Principal component determination of synergic solvent interactions fornatural product extractions Original Research Article Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems , Volume 103, Issue 1, 15 August 2010, Pages 1-7Livia Maria Zambrozi Garcia, Talita Fogaça de Oliveira, Patricia Kaori Soares, Roy Edward Bruns, Ieda Spacino Scarminio Close preview | Related articles |Related reference w ork articles Abstract | Figures/Tables | ReferencesAbstractEthanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone and chloroform mixtures of a simplex centroid design have been used to extract total crude material as well as the neutral, organic, basic, fiber and residue fractions of Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. leaves. The quantity of crude extracted material is found to depend on the solvent proportions according to a special cubic model. Synergic binary solvent effects between the ethanol –ethyl acetate, ethanol –dichloromethane, ethanol –chloroform, ethyl acetate –chloroform and ethylacetate –dichloromethane pairs are found to explain the superior extraction results of the mixtures compared to results for the pure solvents. Thesesignificant synergic binary effects are seen to occur between solvents having Purchase $ 31.50disparate acidity, basicity and/or dipolarity parameters located at extremities of the domain defined by the mixtures within the Snyder-Rohrschneider solvent selectivity triangle. So molecular interactions known to be important for chromatographicseparations are also significant for separating crude material from its Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. leave matrix. Principal component analysis shows these interaction effects to be important for obtaining higher yields of the fractionated materials.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental3.Mixture designs and models4. Results5. Discussion6. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences 973On-line measurement of separation dynamics in primary gas/oil/water separators: Challenges andtechnical solutions —A review Review ArticleJournal of Petroleum Science and Engineering , Volume 68, Issues 1-2, September 2009, Pages 47-59Artur J. Jaworski, Guangtian MengClose preview | Related articles | Related reference w ork articles Abstract | Figures/Tables | ReferencesAbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the currentmeasurement technologies available for on-line monitoring of the performance Purchase $ 41.95of the gas/oil/water separators, which are commonly used as the first stage of crude oil processing. Firstly, a short overview is given of the fluid physics governing the separation processes and the design of separation vessels. Simple theoretical models of separation physics are briefly reviewed and the process challenges outlined. This is followed by the description of existingmeasurement systems, those entering the market and likely futuredevelopments. The measurement systems are broadly divided into threecategories: (1) those based on the assumption of a complete phase separationwithin the vessel; (2) those based on the concept of an array of sensorsdistributed across the heterogeneous layers, hence not requiring anyassumptions regarding the actual phase distribution; and (3) more complexsystems enabling cross-sectional imaging in the industrial processtomography sense.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Primary separators and oil–water separation processes2.1. Design of primary oil separators2.2. Theoretical models of the separation process2.3. Challenges of monitoring the separation process3. Methods of monitoring multiphase processes in oil separators3.1. Methods based on a ―clear interface‖ assumption3.2. Segmented probes3.3. Cross-sectional measurements—Industrial Process Tomography4. ConclusionReferences974Vapor–gas/liquid nucleation experiments: A review ofthe challenges Review ArticleJournal of Aerosol Science, Volume 40, Issue 9,September 2009, Pages 733-746Michael P. Anisimov, Elena G. Fominykh, Sergey V.Akimov, Philip K. Hopke Close preview | Related articles | Related reference w ork articles Abstract | Figures/Tables | ReferencesAbstractThe formation of new phase embryos is des cribed by nucleation theory. However, nucleation is not yet fully understood. The goal of this review is to summarize measurement methods and recent experimental results for vapor/liquid nucleation. Substantial inconsistencies have been reported among experimental data that may originate from the use of differentexperimental approaches. These inconsistencies lead to the hypothesis that typical vapor/liquid nucleation rate measurements include an uncontrolled parameter. One such parameter might be the carrier gas that can be considered as an independent nucleation component for vapor –gas/liquid systems. Mass-spectrometry measurements suggest this possibility. The most commonly applied theories suggest a variety of responses of nucleation rates to nature and pressure of the carrier gas. Some approaches to interpret vapor –gas/liquid nucleation experiments consider nuclei formation from the vapor –gas system as a binary process. This approach can be considered in terms of converting the line that originates from isothermal nucleation of a single component system to a surface representing the isothermal nucleation of a binary system. In the binary approximation, adjusted nucleation conditions (i.e. consistent trajectories for nucleation parameters) are needed to obtain consistent data for nucleation rates across the nucleation rate surface. This framework provides an opportunity to resolve the data inconsistencies.Recommendations for future vapor –gas/liquid nucleation research can then be formulated. Experimental detection of singularities in the nucleation rate surface and phase transitions in a condensed phase are reviewed. The Purchase $ 41.95assumptions needed for the interpretation of the empirical parameters are analyzed. The experimental data inconsistencies make it currently impossible to suggest a standard system that would permit testing the performance of measuring systems for vapor –gas/liquid nucleation. A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Adiabatic expansion3. Diffusion chambers4. Turbulent mixing of vapor with gas5. Experimental detection of the nucleation rate surface singularities6. Total pressure and carrier gas nature effects7. The experimental nucleation rate data inconsistency8. Reference system for nucleation rate measurements9. Recommendations for vapor –gas nucleation research10. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences975 Internal heat integrated distillation columns (iHIDiCs)—New systematic designmethodology Original Research Article Chemical Engineering Research and Design , Volume 87, Issue 12, December 2009, Pages 1658-1666Mamdouh A. Gadalla Close preview | Related articles | Related reference w ork articles Abstract | Figures/Tables | ReferencesAbstractDistillation of close-boiling mixtures, such as propylene –propane and ethyl benzene –styrene systems, is an energy intensive process. VaporPurchase$ 31.50recompression techniques and heat pumping-assisted columns have been adopted for such applications for their high potential of energy savings. In direct vapor recompression columns, the vapors leaving the top of the column are compressed, and in the reboiler of the same column, these vapors are condensed to provide heat for vapor generation. Internal heat integrated distillation columns or iHIDiCs are new developments employing the same concept of vapor recompression. These new column configurations can have significantly lower energy demands than common vapor recompression units. In iHIDiCs, rectifying section is operated at a higher pressure (i.e. higher temperature) than in stripping, and therefore its heat can be used to generate vapor in stripping section. So far, design of these column configurations is performed based on engineering experience, simulation or experimental studies on given cases, including dynamic control simulations. Within previous and most recent research efforts on iHIDiCs, there exist no generalized design methods or systematic approaches for design of these internal integrated distillation columns.The present paper presents a systematic design procedure for iHIDiCs. A design hierarchy for iHIDiCs is developed, which includes two phases of design, thermodynamic and hydraulics. This design procedure is applied using commercial simulation-based design methods. In thermodynamic design, temperature profiles for column sections are used as a design tool to guide designers. On the other hand, hydraulic capacities of stages for heat exchange are analyzed to determine the maximum physical space area available for heat exchange. Hence, feasibility regions for both heat integration and hydraulic design are identified.A rticle Outline1. Introduction2. Simulation background of iHIDiCs3. A hierarchy for design of iHIDiCs3.1. An iHIDiC basic design3.2. Simulation of iHIDiC basic design3.3. An iHIDiC complete design3.3.1. Design scenarios of iHIDiCs3.4. Thermodynamic design of iHIDiCs3.4.1. Pinched and limiting stages of iHIDiCs3.5. Hydraulic design of iHIDiCs4. Concluding remarks AcknowledgementsReferences。