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Design of operation parameters of a high speed TDI CCD line scan camera

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机加工英语词汇

机加工英语词汇

steel plate 钢板 roll material 卷料 manufacture procedure 制程 operation procedure 作业流程 to revise, modify 修订 to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over 切换 engineering, project difficulty 工程瓶颈 stage die 工程模 automation 自动化 to stake, staking, reviting 铆合 add lubricating oil 加润滑油 shut die 架模 shut height of a die 架模高度 analog-mode device 类模器 die lifter 举模器 argon welding 氩焊
slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread 滑手 speckle 斑点 mildewed=moldy=mouldy 发霉 rust 生锈 deformation 变形
burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边 poor staking 铆合不良 excessive gap 间隙过大 grease/oil stains 油污 inclusion 杂质 painting peel off 脏污 shrinking/shrinkage 缩水 mixed color 杂色 scratch 划伤 poor processing 制程不良 poor incoming part 事件不良 fold of packaging belt 打包带折皱 painting make-up 补漆 discoloration 羿色 water spots 水渍 polishing/surface processing 表面处理 exposed metal/bare metal 金属裸露 lack of painting 烤漆不到位 safety 安全 quality 品质 delivery deadline 交货期 cost 成本 engineering 工程 die repair 模修

制造业专业英语词汇

制造业专业英语词汇

一装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子 worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板barcode条形码barcode scanner条形码扫描仪fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs.inch镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis |'∫æsi| 基座bezel panel 面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage swi t ch of SPS 电源电压接柆键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑料件SOP制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车personnel resource department人力资源部 production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |'plein |刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller钻床linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager |'depjuti| =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理 to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装 to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台 Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布 to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skræpid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程 deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |' ksi'dei n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embeded lump|in'bed| |l mp|镶块一二feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车 compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板 bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vaccum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地 to clean the floor扫地 to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screwhead/slippery screw head螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全 quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划QC品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养qualified products, up-to-grade products良品waste废料二三defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品board看板feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱 die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱 to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料 to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualfied, up to grade合格 not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换engineering, project difficul t y工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器 die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架 cylinder油缸robot机械手 taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece, block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形 filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivenry to. to send delinery back to retrn of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase请购单 consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模 to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具 to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓 to looser a bolt拧松螺栓 to move away a die plate移走模板三四easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件breaking. (be)broken,(be)cracked 断裂to lubricate润滑 common vocabulary for die engineering模具工程常用词汇die 模具figure file, chart file图档cutting die, blanking die冲裁模progressive die, follow (-on)die 连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块 to cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边 to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计变化die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓document folder活页夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备 waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerazation装箱quantity of physical invetory second count 复盘点数量quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查end-user/using uni t(department)使用单位summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering mold testing工程试模材料not included in physical inventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to be inspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材material statistics sheet 物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution department分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机钟work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认四五checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工 total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quanti t y帐面数量difference quanti t y差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product 半成品 packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品 warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板 tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线 cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜 D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条形码flow chart流程窗体assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate坐标dismantle the die折模五六auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机 degate打浇口 dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足 nick缺口speck瑕疪shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利 grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机 cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边 through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴ugular offset角度偏差veloci t y速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸) draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号) shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印冲压名称类extension dwg 展开图procedure dwg工程图 die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格六七die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量 total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套模板类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模) feature di e公母模female die母模(凹模) upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板) stripping plate内外打(脱料板) outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件) deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子 bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location 定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing bolck衬套 cover plate盖板guide pad导料块塑件&模具相关英文七八compre sion molding压缩成型flash mold溢流式模具plsitive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕 welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold手持式模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道h=0.02~0.05mm w=3.2mm L=3~5mm welding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleave套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆) slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口 edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5t T=2.5~3.5mm diaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口subarine gate潜入式浇口 tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Φ0.8~1.0mm Runner less无浇道(sprue less)无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式sprue浇口;溶渣品质人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点品质管制人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的品质管制人员OQC output quality control 最终出货品质管制人员IQC incoming quality control 进料品质管制人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 品质工程人员品质保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认八九TVR tool verification report 模具确认报告3B 3B 模具正式投产前确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability index of process 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality 合格供货商品质评估OOBA out of box audit 开箱检查QFD quality function deployment 品质机能展开FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析 8 disciplines 8项回复内容FA final audit 最后一次稽核CAR corrective action request 改正行动要求corrective action report 改正行动报告FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收品质水准S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE R eject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的AOQ Average Output Quality 平均出厂品质AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出厂品质Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度服务MIL-STD Military-Standard 军用标准S I-S I V Special I-Special IV 特殊抽样水准等级P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 特采 AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 首件检查报告FPIR First Piece Inspection R eport 百万分之一PPM Percent Per Million 批号制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计品质管制R Range 全距 AR Averary Range 全距平均值UCL Upper Central Limit 管制上限LCL Lower Central Limit 管制下限MAX Maximum 最大值MIN Minimum 最小值GRR Gauge Reproducibility&Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径FREQ Frequency 频率N Number 样品数其它品质术语类QCC Quality Control Circle 品质圈QIT Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划执行检查总结ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 品质改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面品质管理MRB Material Reject Bill 退货单LQL Limiting Quality Level 最低品质水准RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可QAN Quality Amelionrate Notice 品质改善活动ADM Absolute Dimension Measuremat 全尺寸测量QT Quality Target 品质目标7QCTools 7 Quality Controll Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notes 工程变更通知(供货商) ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户) PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划九一○SIP Specification In Process 制程检验规格SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范 SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类QC Quality System 品质系统ES Engineering Standarization 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件H Huston (美国)休斯敦 C Compaq (美国)康伯公司C China 中国大陆 A Assembly 组装(厂) S Stamping 冲压(厂) P Painting 烤漆(厂) I Intel 英特尔公司 T TAI WAN 台湾IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格CMCS C-China M-Manufact C-Compaq S-Stamping Compaq产品在龙华冲压厂制造作业规范CQCA Q-Quality A-Assembly Compaq产品在龙华组装厂品管作业规范CQCP P-Painting Compaq产品在龙华烤漆厂品管作业规范部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制ME Manafacture Engineering 制造工程部PE Project Engineering 产品工程部A/C Accountant Dept 会计部P/A Personal & Administration 人事行政部DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 品质工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 品质保证(处)QC Quality Control 品质管制(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Labratry 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部P Painting 烤漆(厂)A Asssembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)生产类PCS Pieces 个(根,块等) PRS Pairs 双(对等) CTN Carton 卡通箱一○一一PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供货商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号其它OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PCE Personal Computer Enclosure 个人计算机外设PC Personal Computer 个人计算机CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器SECC SECC` 电解片SGCC SGCC 热浸镀锌材料NHK North of Hongkong 中国大陆PRC People's Republic of China 中国大陆U.S.A the United States of America 美国A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible 尽可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量VS 以及REV R evision 版本JIT Just In Time 零库存I/O Input/Output 输入/输出OK Ok 好NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许ESD Electry-static Discharge 静电排放5S 希腊语整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,教养ATIN Attention 知会CC Carbon Copy 副本复印相关人员APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认AM Ante Meridian 上午PM Post Meridian 下午CD Compact Disk 光盘CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory 只读光盘FDD Floppy Disk Drive 软盘机HDD Hard Disk Drive 碟碟机REF Reference 仅供参考CONN Connector 连接器CAV Cavity 模穴CAD Computer Aid Design 计算器辅助设计ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装MAT'S Material 材料IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路T/P True Position 真位度 TYP Type 类型 WDR Weekly Delivery Requitement 周出货需求C?T Cycle Time 制程周期L/T Lead Time 前置时间(生产前准备时间) S/T Standard Time 标准时间P/M Product Market 产品市场3C Computer,Commumcation,Consumer electronic's 消费性电子5WIH When,Where,Who,What,Why,How to 5M Man,Machine,Material,Method,Measurement 4MIH Man,Materia,Money,Method,Time 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源)SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略品质保证DQA Desigh Quality Assurance 设计品质保证MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造品质保证SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务品质保证LRR Lot R ejeet Rate 批退率BS Brain storming 脑力激荡EMI Electronic Magnetion Inspect 高磁测试FMI Frequency Modulatim Inspect 高频测试B/M Boar/Molding(flat cable) C/P Connector of PC A/P Assembly SPS Switching power supply 电源箱DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱) MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱) DVD Digital Vedio Disk VCD Vdeio Compact Disk LCD Liquid Crystal Display CAD Computer AID Design CAM Computer AID Manufacturing CAE Computer AID Engineering ABIOS Achanced Basic in put/output system 先进的基本输入/输出系统CMOS Complemeruary Metoll Oxide Semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体PDA Personal Digital Assistant 个人数字助理IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路一一一二ISA Industry Standard Archi t ecture 工业标准体制结构MCA Micro Channel Archi t ecture 微信道结构EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩充的工业标准结构SIMM Single in-line memory module 单项导通汇流组件DIMM Dual in-line Memory Module 双项导通汇流组件LED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二级管FMEA Failure Mode Effectivenes 失效模式分析W/H Wire Harness 金属线绪束集组件F/C Flat Calle 排线PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板CAR Correction Action R eport 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WPR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求PPM Parts Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requiremcnt Planning 物料需计划OC Operation System 操作系统TBA To Be Design 待定,定缺D/C Drawing Change P/P Plans & Procedune EMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入MMC Maximum Material Condition MMS Maximum Material Size 模具技术用语各种模具常用成形方式accurate die casting 精密压铸powder forming 粉末成形calendaring molding 压延成形powder metal forging 粉末锻造cold chamber die casting 冷式压铸precision forging 精密锻造cold forging 冷锻press forging 冲锻compacting molding 粉末压出成形rocking die forging 摇动锻造 compound molding 复合成形rotary forging 回转锻造compression molding 压缩成形rotational molding 离心成形dip mold 浸渍成形rubber molding 橡胶成形encapsulation molding 注入成形sand mold casting 砂模铸造extrusion molding 挤出成形shell casting 壳模铸造foam forming 发泡成形sinter forging 烧结锻造forging roll 轧锻six sides forging 六面锻造gravity casting 重力铸造slush molding 凝塑成形hollow(blow) molding 中空(吹出)成形squeeze casting 高压铸造hot chamber die casting 热室压铸swaging 挤锻hot forging 热锻 transfer molding 转送成形injection molding 射出成形 warm forging 温锻investment casting 精密铸造matched die method 对模成形法laminating method 被覆淋膜成形low pressure casting 低压铸造lost wax casting 脱蜡铸造matched mould thermal forming 对模热成形模各式模具分类用语bismuth mold 铋铸模landed plunger mold 有肩柱塞式模具burnishing die 挤光模landed positive mold 有肩全压式模具button die 镶入式圆形凹模loading shoe mold 料套式模具center-gated mold 中心浇口式模具loose detail mold 活零件模具一二一三chill mold 冷硬用铸模loose mold 活动式模具clod hobbing 冷挤压制模louvering die 百叶窗冲切模composite dies 复合模具manifold die 分歧管模具counter punch 反凸模modular mold 组合式模具double stack mold 双层模具multi-cavity mold 多模穴模具electroformed mold 电铸成形模multi-gate mold 复式浇口模具expander die 扩径模offswt bending die 双折冷弯模具extrusion die 挤出模palletizing die 叠层模family mold 反套制品模具plaster mold 石膏模blank through dies 漏件式落料模porous mold 通气性模具duplicated cavi t y plate 复板模positive mold 全压式模具fantail die 扇尾形模具pressure die 压紧模fishtail die 鱼尾形模具profile die 轮廓模flash mold 溢料式模具progressive die 顺序模gypsum mold 石膏铸模protable mold 手提式模具hot-runner mold 热流道模具prototype mold 雏形试验模具ingot mold 钢锭模punching die 落料模lancing die 切口模raising(embossing) 压花起伏成形re-entrant mold 倒角式模具sectional die 拼合模runless injection mold无流道冷料模具sectional die 对合模具segment mold 组合模semi-positive mold 半全压式模具shaper 定型模套single cavity mold 单腔模具solid forging die 整体锻模split forging die 拼合锻模split mold 双并式模具sprueless mold 无注道残料模具squeezing die 挤压模stretch form die 拉伸成形模sweeping mold 平刮铸模swing die 振动模具three plates mold 三片式模具trimming die 切边模unit mold 单元式模具universal mold 通用模具unscrewing mold 退扣式模具yoke type die 轭型模模具厂常用之标准零配件air vent vale 通气阀anchor pin 锚梢angular pin 角梢baffle 调节阻板angular pin 倾斜梢baffle plate 折流檔板ball button 球塞套 ball plunger 定位球塞ball slider 球塞滑块binder plate 压板blank holder 防皱压板blanking die 落料冲头bolster 上下模板bottom board 浇注底板bolster 垫板bottom plate 下固定板bracket 扥架bumper block 缓冲块buster 堵口casting ladle 浇注包casting lug 铸耳cavity 模穴(模仁) cavity retainer plate 模穴扥板center pin 中心梢clamping block 锁定块coil spring 螺旋弹簧一三一四cold punched nut 冷冲螺母 cooling spiral 螺旋冷却栓core 心型core pin 心型梢cotter 开口梢cross 十字接头cushion pin 缓冲梢diaphragm gate 盘形浇口die approach 模头料道die bed 型底 die block 块形模体die body 铸模座die bush 合模衬套 die button 冲模母模 die clamper 夹模器die fastener 模具固定用零件die holder 母模固定板die lip 模唇die plate 冲模板die set 冲压模座direct gate 直接浇口 dog chuck 爪牙夹头 dowel 定位梢dowel hole 导套孔dowel pin 合模梢dozzle 辅助浇口dowel pin 定位梢draft 拔模锥度draw bead 张力调整杆 drive bearing 传动轴承ejection pad 顶出衬垫 ejector 脱模器ejector guide pin 顶出导梢 ejector leader busher 顶出导梢衬套ejector pad 顶出垫ejector pin 顶出梢ejector plate 顶出板ejector rod 顶出杆 ejector sleeve 顶出衬套 ejector valve 顶出阀eye bolt 环首螺栓filling core 椿入蕊 film gate 薄膜形浇口 finger pin 指形梢finish machined plate 角形模板 finish machined round plate 圆形模板fixed bolster plate 固定侧模板flanged pin 带凸缘销flash gate 毛边形浇口flask 上箱floating punch 浮动冲头gate 浇口gate land 浇口面gib 凹形拉紧销goose neck 鹅颈管 guide bushing 引导衬套guide pin 导梢guide post 引导柱guide plate 导板 guide rail 导轨head punch 顶镦冲头 headless punch 直柄冲头heavily tapered solid 整体模蕊盒hose nippler 管接头I mpact damper 缓冲器injection ram 压射柱塞inlay busher 嵌入衬套inner plunger 内柱塞inner punch 内冲头insert 嵌件nsert pin 嵌件梢king pin 转向梢king pin bush 主梢衬套knockout bar 脱模杵land 合模平坦面land area 合模面leader busher 导梢衬套lifting pin 起模顶销lining 内衬locating center punch 定位中心冲头locating pilot pin 定位导梢locating ring 定位环lock block 压块locking block 定位块locking plate 定位板loose bush 活动衬套making die 打印冲子manifold block 歧管档块master plate 靠模样板match plate 分型板mold base 塑料模座mold clamp 铸模紧固夹mold platen 模用板moving bolster 换模保持装置moving bolster plate 可动侧模板one piece casting 整体铸件 parallel block 平行垫块paring line 分模线parting lock set 合模定位器pass guide 穴型导板peened head punch 镶入式冲头pilot pin 导销pin gate 针尖浇口 plate 衬板pre extrusion punch 顶挤冲头 punch 冲头puncher 推杆pusher pin 衬套梢rack 机架rapping rod 起模杆re-entrant mold 凹入模retainer pin 嵌件梢retainer plate 扥料板return pin 回位梢riding stripper 浮动脱模器ring gate 环型浇口roller 滚筒runner 流道runner ejector set 流道顶出器runner lock pin 流道拉梢screw plug 头塞set screw 固定螺丝shedder 脱模装置shim 分隔片shoe 模座之上下模板shoot 流道shoulder bolt 肩部螺丝skeleton 骨架slag riser 冒渣口slide(slide core) 滑块slip joint 滑配接头spacer block 间隔块spacer ring 间隔环spider 模蕊支架spindle 主轴sprue 注道sprue bushing 注道衬套sprue bushing guide 注道导套sprue lock bushing 注道定位衬套sprue puller 注道拉料销spue line 合模线square key 方键一四一五square nut 方螺帽square thread 方螺纹stop collar 限位套stop pin 止动梢stop ring 止动环stopper 定位停止梢straight pin 圆柱销stripper bolt 脱料螺栓stripper bushing 脱模衬套stripper plate 剥料板stroke end block 行程止梢submarine gate 潜入式浇口support pillar 支撑支柱/顶出支柱support pin 支撑梢supporting plate 扥板sweep templete 造模刮板 tab gate 辅助浇口 taper key 推拔键taper pin 拔锥梢/锥形梢 teeming 浇注three start screw 三条螺纹 thrust pin 推力销tie bar 拉杵tunnel gate 隧道形浇口vent 通气孔wortle plate 拉丝模板模具常用之工作机械3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床 boring machine 搪孔机 cnc milling machine CNC铣床contouring machine 轮廓锯床 copy grinding machine 仿形磨床copy lathe 仿形车床copy milling machine 仿形铣床copy shaping machine 仿形刨床cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床die spotting machine 合模机drilling machine 钻孔机engraving machine 雕刻机engraving E.D.M. 雕模放置加工机form grinding machine 成形磨床graphite machine 石墨加工机horizontal boring machine 卧式搪孔机horizontal machine center 卧式加工制造中心internal cylindrical machine 内圆磨床jig boring machine 冶具搪孔机jig grinding machine 冶具磨床lap machine 研磨机machine center 加工制造中心multi model miller 靠磨铣床NC drilling machine NC钻床NC grinding machine NC磨床NC lathe NC车床NC programming system NC程序制作系统planer 龙门刨床profile grinding machine 投影磨床projection grinder 投影磨床radial drilling machine 旋臂钻床shaper 牛头刨床surface grinder 平面磨床try machine 试模机turret lathe 转塔车床universal tool grinding machine 万能工具磨床vertical machine center 立式加工制造中心 wire E.D.M. 线割放电加工机检验量测工具用语autocollimator 自动准直机bench comparator 比长仪block gauge 块规bore check 精密小测定器 calibration 校准caliper gauge 卡规check gauge 校对规clearance gauge 间隙规clinoretee 测斜仪comparator 比测仪cylinder square 圆筒直尺 depth gauge 测深规dial indicator 针盘指示表dial snap gauge 卡规 digital micrometer 数字式测微计feeler gauge 测隙规gauge plate 量规定位板height gauge 测高规inside calipers 内卡钳inside micrometer 内分厘卡interferometer 干涉仪leveling block 平台limit gauge 限规micrometer 测微计mil 千分之一吋monometer 压力计morse taper gauge 莫氏锥度量规nonius 光标卡尺optical flat 光学平晶optical parallel 光学平行一五一六passimeter 内径仪position scale 位置刻度profile projector 轮廓光学投影仪protractor 分角器radius 半径ring gauge 环规sine bar 正弦量规snap gauge 卡模square master 直角尺stylus 触针telescopic gauge 伸缩性量规 working gauge 工作量规模具钢材alloy tool steel 合金工具钢aluminium alloy 铝合金钢bearing alloy 轴承合金blister steel 浸碳钢bonderized steel sheet 邦德防蚀钢板carbon tool steel 碳素工具钢clad sheet 被覆板clod work die steel 冷锻模用钢emery 金钢砂ferrostatic pressure 钢铁水静压力forging die steel 锻造模用钢galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁板 hard alloy steel 超硬合金钢high speed tool steel 高速度工具钢hot work die steel 热锻模用钢low alloy tool steel 特殊工具钢low manganese casting steel 低锰铸钢marging steel 马式体高强度热处理钢martrix alloy 马特里斯合金meehanite cast iron 米汉纳铸钢meehanite metal 米汉纳铁merchant iron 市售钢材molybdenum high speed steel 钼系高速钢molybdenum steel 钼钢nickel chromium steel 镍铬钢prehardened steel 顶硬钢silicon steel sheet 硅钢板stainless steel 不锈钢tin plated steel sheet 镀锡铁板 tough pitch copper 韧铜troostite 吐粒散铁tungsten steel 钨钢vinyl tapped steel sheet 塑料覆面钢板表面处理关连用语age hardening 时效硬化ageing 老化处理air hardening 气体硬化air patenting 空气韧化annealing 退火anode effect 阳极效应anodizing 阳极氧化处理atomloy treatment 阿扥木洛伊表面austempering 奥氏体等温淬火austenite 奥斯田体/奥氏体bainite 贝氏体banded structure 条纹状组织barrel plating 滚镀barrel tumbling 滚筒打光blackening 染黑法blue shortness 青熟脆性bonderizing 磷酸盐皮膜处理box annealing 箱型退火box carburizing 封箱渗碳bright electroplating 辉面电镀 bright heat treatment 光辉热处理bypass heat treatment 旁路热处理carbide 炭化物 carburized case depth 浸碳硬化深层carburizing 渗碳cementite 炭化铁chemical plating 化学电镀chemical vapor deposition 化学蒸镀coarsening 结晶粒粗大化coating 涂布被覆cold shortness 低温脆性comemtite 渗碳体 controlled atmosphere 大气热处理corner effect 锐角效应creeping discharge 蠕缓放电 decarburization 脱碳处理decarburizing 脱碳退火depth of hardening 硬化深层diffusion 扩散diffusion annealing 扩散退火electrolytic hardening 电解淬火embossing 压花etching 表面蚀刻ferrite 肥粒铁first stage annealing 第一段退火flame hardening 火焰硬化flame treatment 火焰处理full annealing 完全退火gaseous cyaniding 气体氧化法globular cementite 球状炭化铁grain size 结晶粒度granolite treatment 磷酸溶液热处理graphitizing 石墨退火hardenability 硬化性hardenability curve 硬化性曲线 hardening 硬化heat treatment 热处理一六。

传送带PLC控制系统设计

传送带PLC控制系统设计

传送带PLC控制系统设计一、本文概述Overview of this article随着工业自动化水平的不断提升，传送带作为物流和生产流程中的关键环节，其控制系统设计变得愈发重要。

本文将深入探讨《传送带PLC控制系统设计》的相关内容，旨在为读者提供一套全面、高效的传送带控制系统设计方案。

文章将首先介绍传送带PLC控制系统的基本概念、发展历程以及其在工业自动化领域的应用价值。

随后，文章将详细阐述PLC控制系统的硬件组成、软件编程以及系统调试等关键环节，并结合实际案例进行分析。

文章还将探讨传送带PLC控制系统设计中的常见问题及解决方案，为读者在实际应用中提供有益参考。

通过本文的阅读，读者将能够深入了解传送带PLC控制系统的设计原理和实践方法，为工业自动化领域的发展贡献力量。

With the continuous improvement of industrial automation level, the control system design of conveyor belts, as a key link in logistics and production processes, has become increasingly important. This article will delve into the relevant content of "Design of PLC Control System for ConveyorBelt", aiming to provide readers with a comprehensive and efficient design scheme for conveyor belt control system. The article will first introduce the basic concept, development history, and application value of PLC control system for conveyor belts in the field of industrial automation. Subsequently, the article will elaborate in detail on the hardware composition, software programming, and system debugging of the PLC control system, and analyze them in conjunction with practical cases. The article will also explore common problems and solutions in the design of PLC control systems for conveyor belts, providing useful references for readers in practical applications. Through reading this article, readers will be able to gain a deeper understanding of the design principles and practical methods of PLC control systems for conveyor belts, contributing to the development of industrial automation.二、传送带基础知识Fundamentals of conveyor belts传送带作为工业生产和物流运输中的关键设备，广泛应用于各个行业。

Three-Phase AC Traction Motor 三相交流牵引电机

Three-Phase AC Traction Motor 三相交流牵引电机

Ns
N h q y
Synchronous speed of rotor, rps Actual speed of rotor, rps Time harmonic order Total number of harmonics Pulse width, degree Vh(q) Stator phase voltage due to hth harmonics, Volts Ilh(q), Ihrms Stator phase current due to hi harmonics, and rms current, Amps I2h (q), 12hms' Rotor phase current referred to stator due to hth harmonics, and rms current, Amps
rms current, Amps Stator resistance per phase, Q Rotor resistance per phase referred to stator, Q r2' m Number of locomotive operation points xl(m) Stator leakage reactance per phase, Q x2 '(m) Rotor leakage reactance per phase referred to stator, Q xm(m) Magnetizing reactance per phase, Q TCI(q) Total circuit harmonics impedance, Q sh(q) Rotor slip due to hth harmonics with respect to the fundamental rotating field T Torque on motor shaft, N m Rotor current per phase referred to stator, Amps 12 Number of stator slots SI Number of rotor slots S2 Wr/Yr Rotor slot width at root / slot pitch at root dr Rotor slot depth, mm Rotor bar area, mm ar Pair of poles p Neuron of output / input node j,i Mean square error (MSE) e(n) ej(n) Error signal at the output neuron j for iteration n tj(n) Desired target for neuron j ccj(n) Calculated output of neuron j at iteration n b Total number of examples (instances) contained in the training set Wi ,Vji Synaptic weight connecting the different neurons i & j Number of iteration n, K Number of output neurons

毕业设计英文翻译

毕业设计英文翻译

1
Introduction
The increasing eating, ventilating and airconditioning (HVAC) systems has initiated a great deal of research aiming at energy savings. With the consolidation of the demand for human comfort, HVAC systems have become an unavoidable asset, accounting for almost 50% energy consumed in building and around 10-20% of total energy consumption in developed countries (Perez-Lombard et al. 2008) Because building cooling load varies with the time of the day, an HVAC system must be complemented with an optimum design scheme to reduce the energy consumption by keeping the process variables to their required setpoint efficiently in order to maintain comfort under any load conditions. One of the effective ways of achieving energy efficiency is to design cooling coil configurations properly that has motivated us to propose a design procedure which significantly lead to an overall reduction in HVAC energy consumption. Therefore, it is not surprising

Inovance H2U Series PLC用户手册说明书

Inovance H2U Series PLC用户手册说明书

1423H2U Series PLC User ManualCode: 19010034 V2.0Thank you for purchasing the H2U series programmable logic controller (PLC) independently developed by Inovance Control Technology Co., Ltd. Read the manual carefully to be familiar with the product features and be able to use the product safely.This manual describes the specification, features and usage of the H2U series PLC. For the developing environment and design method of user programs, see the Autoshop On-line Help of Inovance.The H2U series PLC has the following features:◆The built-in program memory space reaches up to 16K steps.◆The internal large-capacity power supply can directly apply power tosensors, HMI, and external auxiliary relays.◆It provides multiple high-speed I/O terminals, and has rich motion andpositioning control functions.◆It has four independent communication ports and supports variouscommunication protocols including Modbus, facilitating system integration.◆The comprehensive encryption function protects intellectual propertyrights of the user.◆It comes with fast execution speed and supports up to 128subprograms and 21 interrupt subprograms. Each subprogram has the parameter call and independent password security functions.Safety Information and PrecautionsIn Design◆Provide a safety circuit outside the PLC in the application so that thecontrol system can still work safely even if external power failure or PLC fault occurs.◆In the external circuit of the PLC, an emergency stop circuit, aprotection circuit, an interlock circuit of forward/reverse rotation operation, and position upper/lower limit interlock circuit are necessary to prevent equipment damage ◆The PLC is designed for indoor electric environment and is installed in an overvoltage category 2 environment. A lightning protection device must be installed for the power supply system, so that lighteningovervoltage is not applied on terminals of the PLC, avoiding damage to the equipment.During Installation◆Install the PLC in places free from dust, oil smoke, conducting dust,corrosive gas, combustible gas, high temperature, condensation, wind & rain, vibration and shock. In addition, electric shock, fi re, malfunction may also cause damage and deterioration to the equipment.◆During screw hole processing and wiring, ensure that no metal filingand cable end fall into the ventilation hole of the controller, because such stuff may cause a fi re, fault, or malfunction.◆After installation of the newly purchased PLC is complete, ensure thatthere is no foreign stuff on the surface of ventilation. Failure to comply may result in poor cooling effect during running, which may lead to a fi re, fault or malfunction.◆The installation and wiring must be secure and reliable. Poor contactmay cause malfunction.◆Ensure that all power supplies are cut off before installation or wiring.◆During screw hole processing and wiring, ensure that no metal filings or cable end drops into ventilation holes of the controller. Failure to comply may result in a fi re, fault or malfunction.◆Perform wiring or plug/remove the cable connector only after power-off.◆The specification and installation requirement of external cables mustcomply with the local safety regulations and related IEC standards. The size in the table below is for recommendation.Copper Wire Cross-section Area Recommended CodeAC power wire 1.0–2.0 mm²AWG 12, 18Earthing wire 2.0 mm²AWG12Input signal wire0.8–1.0 mm²AWG18, 20◆The terminal of wire must be insulated according to the local safetyregulations. Ensure that the insulation distance shall not be reduced when the wire is connected to the terminals. Otherwise, electric shock or damage to circuit may result .During Running and Maintenance◆Connection or removal of the communication cable, cables of theextension card and cables of the control unit, or other servicing can be performed only after power-off. Failure to comply may result in damage to the equipment or malfunction.◆Operations such as online modification, forcible output, RUN and STOPProduct Information■Designation RulesH2u-3232MRAX-XP123456789No. NameDescription1Product information H: Inovance controller2Series No.2U: Second generation of controller 3Input points 32: 32 inputs 4Output points 32: 32 outputs5Module classifi cation M: Main module of general-purpose controller, P: Positioning controller, N: Network controller, E: Extension module 6Output type R: Relay, T: Transistor7Power supply type A: 220 VAC (220 VAC by default if null), B: 110 VAC, C: 24 VAC output, D: 24 VDC8Special functionHigh-speed input/output, analog function9XP auxiliary version -◆Basic ParametersPLC Model Total I/Os I/O Features (Input Voltage: 24 VDC)Order Code Total Inputs Hi-Speed Inputs Total Outputs High-Speed Outputs Output TypeH2U-1010MR-XP 2010 2 x 60 kHz6 x 10 kHz 10-Relay 01022078H2U-1010MT-XP 3 x 100 kHz Transistor01022079H2U-1616MR-XP 3216 6 x 60 kHz 16-Relay01022040H2U-1616MT-XP 3 x 100 kHz Transistor01022041H2U-2416MR-XP 4024 2 x 60 kHz4 x 10 kHz 16-Relay 01022048H2U-2416MT-XP 2 x 100 kHzTransistor01022049H2U-2416MTQ-F01 6 x 100 kHz 5 x 100 kHz01028063H2U-3624MR-XP 6036 2 x 60 kHz4 x 10 kHz 24-Relay 01022046H2U-3624MT-XP 2 x 100 kHz Transistor01022047H2U-3232MR-XP 6432 6 x 60 kHz32-Relay01022050H2U-3232MT-XP 3 x 100 kHzTransistor01022045H2U-3232MTQ 6 x 100 kHz 5 x 100 kHz 01022015H2U-3232MTP -8 x 100 kHz01022061H2U-4040MR-XP 8040 6 x 60 kHz 40-Relay01022042H2U-4040MT-XP 3 x 100 kHz Transistor01022062H2U-6464MR-XP 12864 6 x 60 kHz 64-Relay01022043H2U-6464MT-XP3 x 100 kHz Transistor01022044Note: Total inputs include hi-speed inputs. High-speed input terminals can be used for common inputs. Total frequency of H2U-XP high-speed inputs cannot exceed 70 kHz. Total frequency of H2U-3232MTQ and H2U-2416MTQ high-speed inputs cannot exceed 600 kHz. Total frequency of high-speed inputs of other H2U models cannot exceed 100 kHz.At Wiring◆Use shielded cables for high-frequency signal input/output inapplications with severe interference to enhance anti-interference capacity of the system.◆Suitable earthing connection shall be provided by the end system. Theearth wire must be connected only to the earthing point on terminal which is marked with the earth symbol. The earth must be over 2 mm².◆Installation or removal of the extension card can be performed only afterpower-off.◆Make sure to replace button cell after power-off. If replacement at power-on is required, only authorized electrical technician is allowed to complete replacement within 30 seconds. Failure to comply may result in data loss. ◆Treat scrapped PLC as ordinary industrial waste.Environment ParametersUse TransportationStorageTypeParameterUnit M e c h a n i c a l s t r e sSine vibration Shift mm 3.5 (5–9 Hz)--Acceleration m/s 210 (9–150 Hz)--Random vibrationAcceleration spectral density m 2/s 3 (dB/Oct)-5–20 Hz: 1.92 dB 20–200 Hz: -3 dB-Frequency range Hz -5–200-Vibration direction --X/Y/Z -Shock Type--Half-sine -Acceleration m/s 2-180-DipDip heightm-1-Mechanical DesignModel Total I/Os Mounting Dimension Dimension W × H × D (mm)A (mm) B (mm)H2U-1010M_2012080130 x 90 x 88H2U-1616M_32 16080170 x 90 x 88H2U-2416M_4016080170 x 90 x 88H2U-3624M_6021080220 x 90 x 88H2U-3232M_6421080220 x 90 x 88H2U-4040M_8027580285 x 90 x 88H2U-6464M_12834080350 x 90 x 88■Requirements on Installation Position1) Do not remove the paper tape that prevents foreign objects from droppinginto the unit during installation. Once installation is completed, remove the paper tape before power-on so as to prevent overheating.2) To prevent overheating inside the PLC, wall-mount PLC with 300 mmclearance at top and bottom for heat dissipation, as shown in Figure 2.3) Leave 50 mm or more space between PLC and other devices orstructures. Keep PLC far away from high-voltage cables and devices, and power devices.■Mounting Methods1) Mounting or removing PLC Figure 1 Mount or remove PLCDAW BHMounting Hole Ф5 × 4■ Product Structure11. Special function adapter board knock-down hole (It need be cut off before installation of the board.); 12. Wiring terminal for RS485 communication port (COM1/COM2); 13. Special function extension card and special function adapter board interface; 14. System program downloading port (Unauthorized operation is prevented here.); 15. Battery socket (BAT) (Neber reverse the polarity.); 16. Coin battery (provided by Inovance); 17. Special function extension card and special function adapter board fi xed bolts; 18. RUN/STOP switch; 19. User program downloading port (COM0)Note: Fix PLC at both ends with DIN rail slot dampers to prevent it from sliding left and right.2) Mounting and fi xing PLC with screws (wall-mounting mode)In applications with big impct, mount and fi x PLC with four M4 screws.Figure 2 Mount and fi x PLC with four M4 screws2. Buckle the catching groove of PLC base into the DIN rail .3. Press PLC vertically down to the DIN rail .1. Fix the DIN rail onto the mounting plate4. Ensure that the PLC tongue shaped card is locked into the DIN rail .Mounting plate1. Pull down the tongue shape card to make PLC away from the DIN rail .2. Lift the PLC toward you.■Communication Interface Defi nitionThe H2U series PLC has two communication ports and H2U-XP has four communication ports. The COM0 hardware is standard RS485 and RS422, determined by jumper JP0. If JP0 is connected, RS422 is selected. If JP0 is disconnected, the RS422 and RS485 are compatible. COM0 hardware of H2U-XP is standard RS422, which does not require jumper connection. Otherwise, the PLC cannot work normally. The terminal interface is mini-DIN8 socket.⑧①②③④⑤⑥⑦Figure 3 User program downloading port 421485+ 485-COM13485+ 485-COM2Figure 4 RS 485 communication port 421485+ 485-COM13485+ 485-COM25GNDFigure 5 RS 485 communication portNote: Figure 4 is the communication port of H2U-XP . Figure 5 is the communication port of H2U-1010M_XP . COM2 is the COM0 of H2U.PLC can be connected to PC or HMI through COM0 in the following ways:1) (JP0 connected): PLC side is RS422 and PC side is USB. PC isconnected to the PLC COM0 port via the dedicated USB downloading cable (see Figure 3). (The H2U-XP does not require JP0 connection.)2) (JP0 connected): PLC side is RS422 and the PC side is RS232. PC isconnected to the PLC COM0 port via the dedicated serial port download cable (see Figure 3). (The H2U-XP does not require JP0 connection.)3) (JP0 disconnected): PLC side is RS485 and PC side is RS485. They areconnected through the terminal as shown in Figure 4. The connecting cable is determined by the user.■General Specifi cationsEnvironment ParametersUse Transportation Storage Type Parameter Unit C l i m a t e c o n d i t i o nAmbient temperature Low temperature °C -5-40-40High temperature °C 557070Humidity Relative humidity %95 (30 ± 2 °C)95( 40 ± 2 °C)-Air pressureLow pressure kPa 707070High pressurekPa106106106Electrical DesignThe following fi gures show the I/O terminals of the main H2U series PLC unit. The H2U series PLC has different output types, relay and transistor, but has the same terminal confi guration.M4 screwsMounting plate1. Foldaway2. Power supply, auxiliary power supply and detachable terminals for signal input3. Input status indicators4. Running status indicators PWR: Power indicator; RUN: Running indicator: Flashing indicates PLC normal running); B AT: B a t t e r y l o w -v o l t a g e indicator; ERR: Fault indicator5. Mounting holes x 4;6. Cover of extension module interface (R: Relay; T: Transistor)7. DIN rail slot dampers x 2;8. Output status indicator LEDs;9. Detachable terminals for signal output; 10. Cover of user program downloading port (COM0)COM1/COM2 hardware is standard RS485 and is interface terminal. For defi nition of COM1/COM2 , see Figure 4. They are connected to other devices via on-site wiring by the user. Both support the half-duplex communication mode only. COM3 of H2U-XP can be available through extension card.Pin No.Signal DescriptionPin No.Signal Description1RXD-Receive negative data.5+5VProvide power supply +5 V to external devices.It is the same with the internal logic +5 V.2RXD+Receive positive data.6CCSCommunication directioncontrol cable3GNDMust be grounded.No electrical connections for 9 and 107TXD+/RXD+Send positive data toexternal devices.If it is RS485, it can receivepositive data.4TXD-/RXD-Send negative data to external devices.If it is RS485, it can receive negative data (H2U).8NC Non-pinThe following figure shows the internal equivalent circuit of PLC in the relay output mode. The output terminals are divided into several groups, and the groups are electrically isolated. The output contacts of different groups are connected with different power circuits.Figure 8 Internal equivalent circuit of PLC in the relay output mode The following figure shows the internal equivalent circuit of PLC in the transistor output mode.The output terminals are divided into several groups, and the groups are electrically isolated. The transistor output can be used for 24 VDC load circuit only.Figure 9 Internal equivalent circuit of PLC in the transistor output modeProduct Warranty CardCustomerinformationAddress:Company name:Postcode:Contact person:Tel or Email:ProductinformationProduct model:Serial No (Attach here):Name of supplier who supplied you the unit:Failure Description (eg. Fault code)Maintenance personnel:The soft components within [ ] are the battery backup area.• Note 1: Non-battery backup area can be changed into battery backup areavia parameter setting.• Note 2: Battery backup area can be changed into non-battery backup areavia parameter setting.• Note 3: Such permanent battery backup area cannot be changed.■ Programming requirements1) One PC with Microsoft Windows XP or Windows 7 system2) Inovance AutoShop (version 2.0 or above) for the purpose of writing anddownloading user programs3) Inovance USB-mini DIN8 download cable or mouse head download cablefor PC with DB9-type RS232 port■Input SpecificationsThe internal signal circuit composition and external wiring mode of the H2U Series PLC are desribed here. The terminal names in the wiring example vary with the PLC models.The connecting mode is effective to all input points of the PLC.■Output SpecificationsThe H2U series PLC has relay output and transistor output. Their parametersare quite differently. Please select the correct output type so as to avoid misuse. Failure to comply may result in damage to the PLC.The current of transistor output terminals must be less than the allowable maximum current. If the output current of multiple transistor terminals is greater than 100 mA, they should be evenly arranged but not be arranged adjacently, convenient for heat dissipation.It is suggested that the output points, which are set to ON simultaneously, doPLC has a built-in power supply (24 VDC) to detect user switch status, so you only need to connect input signals of dry contact. OC output type is needed if you connect an active transistor or sensor.Output group 0Output group 1Output group 3Output group 0Output group 1Output group 3and for the inductive load in DC circuit, you need add a freewheeling diode, as shown in the following figure.Figure 10 Inductive load absorption circuit,2 WPLC signal input and internal equivalent circuit are shown as Figure 6 below. Circuit of the user and the PLC internal circuit are connected by the terminal. Figure 6 shows the SINK input mode, determined by short connection of the terminal S/S and the terminal 24V.Figure 6 SINK input modeFigure 7 SOURCE input mode24VCOMS /SX0X1X2X2Xn24VDC For self-powered deviceV a r i o u s s i g n a l i n p u t d e v i c e sUser signal wiringI n t e r n a l e q u i v a l e n t c i r c u i t o f P L COutput 3 applies power to sensor. It can also provide external power supply to special function modules. Output 2 provides power supply to the main module and the relay of I/Os of expansion module. Output1 provides power to all modules. During system configuration, make sure that the demand of each power supply does not exceed its maximum capacity.■Terminal Block Definition◆Terminal block definition of H2U-1010MR-XP and H2U-1010MT-XPWhen using H2U-1010MT-XP, Y0, Y1 and Y2 require external powersupply. The user can connect 24VDC(24 V ± 20%) power supply toterminals V+ and V-. Terminal V- hasbeen shorted to COM0 internally. ◆Terminal block definition of H2U-1616MR and H2U-1616MT◆Terminal block definition of H2U-2416MR and H2U-2416MT◆Terminal block definition of H2U-2416MTQ-F01◆Terminal block definition of H2U-3232MTQ (same as that of H2U-3232MTP)■Power S upply Capacitance and Expansion CapacityThe main module and active expansion module of PLC provide power supply toexpansion modules, extension cards and adapters. The I/O points of expansion modules and the number of special function expansion modules must be within the power supply capacitance of the main module or active expansion module.For calculation on power supply capacitance, take the following aspects into considerations:• Each power supply capacitance should be calculated independently.• The expansion capacity is decided by the smaller power supplycapacitance.For example: 24VDD allows connection of six expansion modules, while +5V only allows connection of eight expansion modules. So the system can only be extended up to six expansion modules.■Selection of Extension DeviceWhen designing an H2U series PLC system, we must consider the followingaspects:◆Total I/Os should be within 256 for a main PLC system.◆Power supply capacitance (see Power Supply Specification)◆main modules and active expansion modules can provide 24 VDC and 5VDC power supply to expansion modules and special modules. But total power consumption of all expansion units should be restricted within the power supply capacitance of main module or the active expansion module. ◆The H2U series PLC can be connected to maximum 8 special modules.◆Terminal block definition of H2U-3232MTQ (same as that of H2U-3232MTP)◆Terminal block definition of H2U-6464MR and H2U-6464MT◆。

DNV-OS-C201

DNV-OS-C201

OFFSHORE STANDARDD ET N ORSKE VERITASDNV-OS-C201STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF OFFSHOREUNITS (WSD METHOD)APRIL 2005Since issued in print (April 2005), this booklet has been amended, latest in April 2006.See the reference to “Amendments and Corrections” on the next page.Comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@For subscription orders or information about subscription terms, please use distribution@Comprehensive information about DNV services, research and publications can be found at http :// , or can be obtained from DNV,Veritasveien 1, NO-1322 Høvik, Norway; Tel +47 67 57 99 00, Fax +47 67 57 99 11.© Det Norske Veritas. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written consent of Det Norske puter Typesetting (FM+SGML) by Det Norske Veritas.Printed in Norway.If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.FOREWORDDET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research in relation to these functions.DNV Offshore Codes consist of a three level hierarchy of documents:—Offshore Service Specifications. Provide principles and procedures of DNV classification, certification, verification and con-sultancy services.—Offshore Standards. Provide technical provisions and acceptance criteria for general use by the offshore industry as well asthe technical basis for DNV offshore services.—Recommended Practices. Provide proven technology and sound engineering practice as well as guidance for the higher levelOffshore Service Specifications and Offshore Standards.DNV Offshore Codes are offered within the following areas:A)Qualification, Quality and Safety Methodology B)Materials Technology C)Structures D)SystemsE)Special Facilities F)Pipelines and Risers G)Asset Operation H)Marine Operations J)Wind TurbinesAmendments and CorrectionsThis document is valid until superseded by a new revision. Minor amendments and corrections will be published in a separate document normally updated twice per year (April and October).For a complete listing of the changes, see the “Amendments and Corrections” document located at: /technologyservices/, “Offshore Rules & Standards”, “Viewing Area”.The electronic web-versions of the DNV Offshore Codes will be regularly updated to include these amendments and corrections.Amended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Changes – Page 3Changes April 2005—Sec.1. Unification of requirements, level of references, terms, definitions, lay-out, text, etc. with the LRFD stand-ards, i.e. general standard (DNV-OS-C101), the standards for various objects (DNV-OS-C102 to DNV-OS-C106), as well as the fabrication standard (DNV-OS-C401). —Sec.1 & Sec.2. Definition and application of design tem-perature and service temperature has been updated, and the terminology co-ordinated with the LRFD standards.—Sec.4. Overall conditions for fracture mechanics (FM) testing, and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) transferred here (from DNV-OS-C401). Requirements to FM adjusted to reflect results of more recent research work. —Sec.5. References to the more recent Recommended Prac-tices introduced e.g. DNV-RP-C201 (for Plates), updating references to CN 30.1.—Sec.3 D300. Specified tank pressures are harmonised with similar formulas in the LRFD standards, while simultane-ously attempted simplified and clarified.—Sec.11 to Sec.14. (Ref. to the various objects.) Formulas for sea pressure during transit are reorganised and clari-fied, improving readability.—Sec.12. Text covering redundancy and detailed design re-vised in line with DNV-OS-C104 (and the previous MOU-rules).—Sec.13. Text regarding the topics of tendon fracture me-chanics, composite tendons, and stability, as well as the CMC requirements are all updated, bringing the text in line with most recent revision of DNV-OS-C105.—Sec.14. Text updated in line with ongoing revision of DNV-OS-C106.D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 4 – Changes see note on front coverD ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Contents – Page 5CONTENTSSec. 1Introduction (9)A.General (9)A100Introduction (9)A200Objectives (9)A300Scope and application (9)A400Other than DNV codes (9)A500Classification (9)B.References (9)B100General (9)C.Definitions (10)C100Verbal forms (10)C200Terms (10)D.Abbreviations and Symbols (12)D100Abbreviations (12)D200Symbols (12)Sec. 2Design Principles (15)A.Introduction (15)A100General (15)A200Aim of the design (15)B.General Design Considerations (15)B100General (15)B200Overall design (15)B300Details design (15)C.Design Conditions (15)C100Basic conditions (15)D.Loading Conditions (16)D100General (16)D200Load (16)E.Design by the WSD Method (16)E100Permissible stress and usage factors (16)E200Basic usage factors (16)F.Design Assisted by Testing (16)F100General (16)F200Full-scale testing and observation of performance of existing structures (16)Sec. 3Loads and Load Effects (17)A.Introduction (17)A100General (17)B.Basis for Selection of Loads (17)B100General (17)C.Permanent Functional Loads (17)C100General (17)D.Variable Functional Loads (18)D100General (18)D200Variable functional loads on deck areas (18)D300Tank pressures (18)D400Lifeboat platforms (19)E.Environmental Loads (19)E100General (19)E200Environmental conditions for mobile units (19)E300Environmental conditionss for site specific units (19)E400Determination of hydrodynamic loads (19)E500Wave loads (19)E600Wave induced inertia forces (20)E700Current (20)E800Wind loads (20)E900Vortex induced oscillations (20)E1000Water level and tidal effects (20)E1100Marine growth (20)E1200Snow and ice accumulation............................................20E1300Direct ice load.. (20)E1400Earthquake (20)bination of Environmental Loads (21)F100General (21)G.Accidental Loads (21)G100General (21)H.Deformation Loads (21)H100General (21)H200Temperature loads (21)H300Settlements and subsidence of sea bed (21)I.Fatigue loads (22)I100General (22)J.Load Effect Analysis (22)J100General (22)J200Global motion analysis (22)J300Load effects in structures and soil or foundation (22)Sec. 4Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and Inspection Principles (23)A.General (23)A100 (23)B.Temperatures for Selection of Material (23)B100General (23)B200Floating units (23)B300Bottom fixed units (23)C.Structural Category (23)C100General (23)C200Selection of structural category (23)C300Inspection of welds (24)D.Structural Steel (24)D100General (24)D200Material designations (24)D300Selection of structural steel (25)D400Fracture mechanics (FM) testing (25)D500Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) (25)Sec. 5Structural Strength (26)A.General (26)A100General (26)A200Structural analysis (26)A300Ductility (26)A400Yield check (26)A500Buckling check (27)B.Flat Plated Structures and Stiffened Panels (27)B100Yield check (27)B200Buckling check (27)B300Capacity checks according to other codes (27)C.Shell Structures (27)C100General (27)D.Tubular Members, Tubular Joints and Conical Transitions.27 D100General (27)E.Non-Tubular Beams, Columns and Frames (28)E100General (28)Sec. 6Section Scantlings (29)A.General (29)A100Scope (29)B.Strength of Plating and Stiffeners (29)B100Scope (29)B200Minimum thickness (29)B300Bending of plating (29)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 6 – Contents see note on front coverB400Stiffeners (29)C.Bending and Shear in Girders (30)C100General (30)C200Minimum thickness (30)C300Bending and shear (30)C400Effective flange (30)C500Effective web (30)C600Strength requirements for simple girders (30)C700Complex girder systems (31)Sec. 7Fatigue (32)A.General (32)A100General (32)A200Design fatigue factors (32)A300Methods for fatigue analysis (32)A400Simplified fatigue analysis (33)A500Stochastic fatigue analysis (33)Sec. 8Accidental Conditions (34)A.General (34)A100General (34)B.Design Criteria (34)B100General (34)B200Collision (34)B300Dropped objects (34)B400Fires (34)B500Explosions (34)B600Unintended flooding (34)Sec. 9Weld Connections (36)A.General (36)A100Scope (36)B.Types of Welded Steel Joints (36)B100Butt joints (36)B200Tee or cross joints (36)B300Slot welds (37)B400Lap joint (37)C.Weld Size (37)C100General (37)C200Fillet welds (37)C300Partly penetration welds and fillet welds in crossconnections subject to high stresses (38)C400Connections of stiffeners to girders and bulkheads, etc..38 C500End connections of girders (39)C600Direct calculation of weld connections (39)Sec. 10Corrosion Control (40)A.General (40)A100Scope (40)B.Techniques for Corrosion Control Related to EnvironmentalZones (40)B100Atmospheric zone (40)B200Splash zone (40)B300Submerged zone (40)B400Internal zone (40)C.Cathodic Protection (41)C100General (41)C200Galvanic anode systems (41)C300Impressed current systems (42)D.Coating Systems (42)D100Specification of coating (42)Sec. 11Special Considerations for Column Stabilised Units (43)A.General (43)A100Assumptions and application (43)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (43)B100General (43)B200Structural categorisation (43)B300Material selection (43)B400Inspection categories (44)C.Design and Loading Conditions (46)C100General (46)C200Permanent loads (46)C300Variable functional loads (46)C400Tank loads (46)C500Environmental loads, general (46)C600Sea pressures (47)C700Wind loads (47)C800Heavy components (47)C900Combination of loads (47)D.Structural Strength (47)D100General (47)D200Global capacity (47)D300Transit condition (47)D400Method of analysis (48)D500Air gap (48)E.Fatigue (48)E100General (48)E200Fatigue analysis (49)F.Accidental Conditions (49)F100General (49)F200Collision (49)F300Dropped objects (49)F400Fire (49)F500Explosion (49)F600Heeled condition (49)G.Redundancy (49)G100General (49)G200Brace arrangements (49)H.Structure in Way of a Fixed Mooring System (49)H100Structural strength (49)I.Structural Details (50)I100General (50)Sec. 12Special Considerations forSelf-Elevating Units (51)A.Introduction (51)A100Scope and application (51)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (51)B100General (51)B200Structural categorisation (51)B300Material selection (51)B400Inspection categories (51)C.Design and Loading Conditions (51)C100General (51)C200Transit (52)C300Installation and retrieval (52)C400Operation and survival (52)D.Environmental Conditions (53)D100General (53)D200Wind (53)D300Waves (53)D400Current (53)D500Snow and ice (53)E.Method of Analysis (53)E100General (53)E200Global structural models (54)E300Local structural models (54)E400Fatigue analysis (55)F.Design Loads (55)F100General (55)F200Permanent loads (55)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Contents – Page 7F300Variable functional loads (55)F400Tank loads (55)F500Environmental loads, general (55)F600Wind loads (55)F700Waves (56)F800Current (56)F900Wave and current (56)F1000Sea pressures during transit (57)F1100Heavy components during transit (57)F1200Combination of loads (57)G.Structural Strength (57)G100General (57)G200Global capacity (57)G300Footing strength (57)G400Leg strength (58)G500Jackhouse support strength (58)G600Hull strength (58)H.Fatigue Strength (58)H100General (58)H200Fatigue analysis (58)I.Accidental Conditions (58)I100General (58)I200Collisions (58)I300Dropped objects (58)I400Fires (58)I500Explosions (58)I600Unintended flooding (58)J.Miscellaneous requirements (59)J100General (59)J200Pre-load capasity (59)J300Overturning stability (59)J400Air gap (59)Sec. 13Special Considerations forTension Leg Platforms (TLP) (61)A.General (61)A100Scope and application (61)A200Description of tendon system (61)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (62)B100General (62)B200Structural categorisation (62)B300Material selection (63)B400Design temperatures (63)B500Inspection categories (63)C.Design Principles (63)C100General (63)C200Design conditions (64)C300Fabrication (64)C400Hull and Deck Mating (64)C500Sea transportation (64)C600Installation (64)C700Decommissioning (64)C800Design principles, tendons (64)D.Design Loads (65)D100General (65)D200Load categories (65)E.Global Performance (65)E100General (65)E200Frequency domain analysis (66)E300High frequency analyses (66)E400Wave frequency analyses (66)E500Low frequency analyses (66)E600Time domain analyses (66)E700Model testing (67)E800Load effects in the tendons (67)F.Structural Strength (67)F100General (67)F200Hull (68)F300Structural analysis (68)F400Structural design.............................................................68F500Deck.. (68)F600Extreme tendon tensions (69)F700Structural design of tendons (69)F800Foundations (69)G.Fatigue (69)G100General (69)G200Hull and deck (69)G300Tendons (69)G400Foundation (70)H.Accidental Condition (70)H100Hull (70)H200Hull and deck (71)H300Tendons (71)H400Foundations (71)Sec. 14Special Considerations for Deep DraughtFloaters (DDF) (72)A.General (72)A100Introduction (72)A200Scope and application (72)B.Non-Operational Phases (72)B100General (72)B200Fabrication (72)B300Mating (72)B400Sea transportation (72)B500Installation (72)B600Decommissioning (73)C.Structural Categorisation, Selection of Material andExtent of Inspection (73)C100General (73)C200Material selection (73)C300Design temperatures (73)C400Inspection categories (73)C500Guidance to minimum requirements (73)D.Design Loads (74)D100Permanent loads (74)D200Variable functional loads (74)D300Environmental loads (74)D400Determination of loads (74)D500Hydrodynamic loads (74)E.Deformation Loads (74)E100General (74)F.Accidental Loads (75)F100General (75)G.Fatigue Loads (75)G100General (75)bination of Loads (75)H100General (75)I.Load Effect Analysis in Operational Phase (75)I100General (75)I200Global bending effects (75)J.Load Effect Analysis in Non-Operational Phases (75)J100General (75)J200Transportation (76)J300Launching (76)J400Upending (76)J500Deck mating (76)J600Riser installations (76)K.Structural Strength (76)K100Operation phase for hull (76)K200Non-operational phases for hull (76)K300Operation phase for deck or topside (77)K400Non-operational phases for deck or topside (77)L.Fatigue (77)L100General (77)L200Operation phase for hull (77)L300Non-operational phases for hull (77)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 8 – Contents see note on front coverL400Splash zone (77)L500Operation phase for deck or topside (78)L600Non-operational phases for deck or topside (78)M.Accidental Condition (78)M100General (78)M200Fire (78)M300Explosion (78)M400Collision (78)M500Dropped objects (78)M600Unintended flooding (78)M700Abnormal wave events (78)App. A Cross Sectional Types (80)A.Cross Sectional Types (80)A100General (80)A200Cross section requirements for plastic analysis (80)A300Cross section requirements whenelastic global analysis is used (80)App. B Methods and Models for Design of Column-Stabilised Units (82)A.Methods and Models (82)A100General (82)A200World wide operation (82)A300Benign waters or restricted areas (82)App. C Permanently Installed Units (83)A.Introduction (83)A100Application (83)B.Inspection and Maintenance (83)B100Facilities for inspection on location................................83C.Fatigue. (83)C100Design fatigue factors (83)C200Splash zone for floating units (83)App. D Certification of Tendon System (84)A.General (84)A100Introduction (84)B.Equipment categorization (84)B100General (84)C.Fabrication Record (84)C100General (84)D.Documentation Deliverables for Certification ofEquipment (85)D100General (85)E.Tendon Systems and Components (85)E100General (85)E200Tendon pipe (85)E300Bottom tendon interface (BTI) (86)E400Flex bearings (86)E500Foundations (86)E600Top tendon interface (TTI) (86)E700Intermediate tendon connectors (ITC) (86)E800Tendon tension monitoring system (TTMS) (86)E900Tendon porch (87)E1000Tendon corrosion protection system (87)E1100Load management program (LMP) (87)F.Categorisation of Tendon Components (87)F100General (87)G.Tendon Fabrication (88)G100General (88)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Sec.1 – Page 9SECTION 1INTRODUCTIONA. GeneralA 100Introduction101 This offshore standard provides principles, technical re-quirements and guidance for the structural design of offshore structures, based on the Working Stress Design (WSD) meth-od.102 This standard has been written for general world-wide application. Statutory regulations may include requirements in excess of the provisions by this standard depending on size, type, location and intended service of the offshore unit or in-stallation.103 The standard is organised with general sections contain-ing common requirements and sections containing specific re-quirement for different type of offshore units. In case of deviating requirements between general sections and the ob-ject specific sections, requirements of the object specific sec-tions shall apply.A 200Objectives201 The objectives of this standard are to:—provide an internationally acceptable level of safety by de-fining minimum requirements for structures and structural components (in combination with referred standards, rec-ommended practices, guidelines, etc.)—serve as a contractual reference document between suppli-ers and purchasers—serve as a guideline for designers, suppliers, purchasers and regulators—specify procedures and requirements for offshore struc-tures subject to DNV certification and classification.A 300Scope and application301 This standard is applicable to the following types of off-shore structures:—column-stabilised units—self-elevating units—tension leg platforms—deep draught floaters.302 For utilisation of other materials, the general design principles given in this standard may be used together with rel-evant standards, codes or specifications covering the require-ments to materials design and fabrication.303 The standard is applicable to structural design of com-plete units including substructures, topside structures and ves-sel hulls.304 This standard gives requirements for the following: —design principles—structural categorisation—material selection and inspection principles—loads and load effect analyses—design of steel structures and connections—special considerations for different types of units. Requirements for foundation design are given in DNV-OS-C101.A 400Other than DNV codes401 Other recognised codes or standards may be applied pro-vided it is shown that the codes and standards, and their appli-cation, meet or exceed the level of safety of the actual DNV standard.402 In case of conflict between requirements of this standard and a reference document other than DNV documents, the re-quirements of this standard shall prevail.403 Where reference is made to codes other than DNV doc-uments, the latest revision of the documents shall be applied, unless otherwise specified.404 When code checks are performed according to other than DNV codes, the usage factors as given in the respective code shall be used.A 500Classification501 Classification principles, procedures and applicable class notations related to classification services of offshore units are specified in the DNV Offshore Service Specifications given in Table A1.502 Documentation requirements for classification are given by DNV-RP-A202.B. ReferencesB 100General101 The DNV documents in Table B1 are referred to in the present standards and contain acceptable methods for fulfilling the requirements in this standard.102 The latest valid revision of the DNV reference docu-ments in Table B2 applies. See also current DNV List of Pub-lications.103 The documents listed in Table B2 are referred in the present standard. The documents include acceptable methods for fulfilling the requirements in the present standard and may be used as a source of supplementary information. Only the referenced parts of the documents apply for fulfilment of the present standard.Table A1 DNV Offshore Service SpecificationsReference TitleDNV-OSS-101Rules for Classification of Offshore Drilling andSupport UnitsDNV-OSS-102Rules for Classification of Floating Productionand Storage UnitsDNV-OSS-103Rules for Classification of LNG/LPG FloatingProduction and Storage Units or Installations DNV-OSS-121Classification Based on Performance CriteriaDetermined by Risk Assessment MethodologyRules for Planning and Execution of MarineOperationsTable B1 DNV Reference DocumentsReference TitleDNV-OS-A101Safety Principles andArrangementDNV-OS-B101Metallic MaterialsDNV-OS-C101Design of Offshore Steel Struc-tures, General (LRFD method) DNV-OS-C301Stability and Watertight Integrity DNV-OS-C401Fabrication and Testing ofOffshore StructuresD ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 10 – Sec.1see note on front coverC. DefinitionsC 100Verbal forms101 Shall: Indicates a mandatory requirement to be followed for fulfilment or compliance with the present standard. Devia-tions are not permitted unless formally and rigorously justified, and accepted by all relevant contracting parties.102 Should: Indicates a recommendation that a certain course of action is preferred or particularly suitable. Alterna-tive courses of action are allowable under the standard where agreed between contracting parties but shall be justified and documented.103 May: Indicates a permission, or an option, which is per-mitted as part of conformance with the standard.C 200Terms201 Accidental condition: When the unit is subjected to ac-cidental loads such as collision, dropped objects, fire explo-sion, etc.202 Accidental loads: Loads which may occur as a result of accident or exceptional events, e.g. collisions, explosions, dropped objects.203 Atmospheric zone: The external surfaces of the unit above the splash zone.204 Cathodic protection: A technique to prevent corrosion of a steel surface by making the surface to be the cathode of an electrochemical cell.205 Characteristic load: The reference value of a load to be used in the determination of load effects. The characteristic load is normally based upon a defined fractile in the upper end of the distribution function for load.206 Characteristic strength: The reference value of structur-al strength to be used in the determination of the design strength. The characteristic strength is normally based upon a 5% fractile in the lower end of the distribution function for re-sistance.207 Characteristic value: The representative value associat-ed with a prescribed probability of not being unfavourably ex-ceeded during the applicable reference period.208 Classic spar: Shell type hull structure.209 Classification Note: The Classification Notes cover proven technology and solutions which is found to represent good practice by DNV, and which represent one alternative for satisfying the requirements given in the DNV Rules or other codes and standards cited by DNV. The Classification Notes will in the same manner be applicable for fulfilling the require-ments in the DNV Offshore Standards.210 Coating: Metallic, inorganic or organic material applied to steel surfaces for prevention of corrosion.211 Column-stabilised unit: A floating unit that can be relo-cated. A column-stabilised unit normally consists of a deck structure with a number of widely spaced, large diameter, sup-porting columns that are attached to submerged pontoons. 212 Corrosion allowance: Extra wall thickness added during design to compensate for any anticipated reduction in thick-ness during the operation.213 Damaged condition: The unit condition after accidental damage.214 Deep draught floater (DDF): A floating unit categorised with a relative large draught. The large draught is mainly intro-duced to obtain reduced wave excitation in heave and suffi-ciently high eigenperiod in heave such that resonant responses in heave can be omitted or minimised.215 Design brief: An agreed document presenting owner's technical basis, requirements and references for the unit design and fabrication.216 Design temperature: The design temperature for a unit is the reference temperature for assessing areas where the unit can be transported, installed and operated. The design temper-ature is to be lower or equal to the lowest mean daily tempera-ture in air for the relevant areas. For seasonal restricted operations the lowest mean daily temperature in air for the sea-son may be applied.217 Driving voltage: The difference between closed circuit anode potential and the protection potential.218 Dry transit: A transit where the unit is transported on a heavy lift unit from one geographical location to another. 219 Dynamic upending: A process where seawater is filled or flooded into the bottom section of a horizontally floating DDF hull and creating a trim condition and subsequent water filling of hull or moonpool and dynamic upending to bring the hull in vertical position.220 Environmental loads: Loads directly and indirectly due to environmental phenomena. Environmental loads are not a necessary consequence of the structures existence, use and treatments. All external loads which are responses to environ-mental phenomena are to be regarded as environmental loads, e.g. support reactions, mooring forces, and inertia forces. 221 Expected loads and response history: Expected load and response history for a specified time period, taking into ac-count the number of load cycles and the resulting load levels and response for each cycle.222 Expected value: The most probable value of a load dur-ing a specified time period.223 Fail to safe: A failure shall not lead to new failure, which may lead to total loss of the structure.DNV-OS-D101Marine Machinery Systems andEquipmentDNV-OS-E301Position MooringDNV-OS-F201Dynamic RisersDNV-RP-C103Column Stabilised UnitsDNV-RP-C201Buckling Strength of PlatedStructuresDNV-RP-C202Buckling Strength of Shells DNV-RP-C203Fatigue Strength Analysis ofOffshore Steel Structures Classification Note 30.1Buckling Strength Analysis ofBars and Frames, and SphericalShellsClassification Note 30.4 FoundationsClassification Note 30.5 Environmental Conditions andEnvironmental Loads Classification Note 31.5Strength Analysis of MainStructures of Self-elevating Units Table B2 Other referencesReference TitleAISC-ASD Manual of Steel Construction ASDAPI RP 2A – WSD with supplement 1Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms – Working Stress DesignAPI RP 2T Planning, Designing and Constructing TensionLeg PlatformsBS 7910Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability offlaws in fusion welded structuresNACE TPC Publication No. 3. The role of bacteria in corrosionof oil field equipmentSNAME 5-5A Site Specific Assessment of Mobile Jack-Up UnitsD ET N ORSKE V ERITAS。

VEGA简介

VEGA简介
Leabharlann 280251 251
总量 印度国内 出口
SALES IN METRIC TONS
近几年销售量（吨） “Values are in Metric Ton”
200000 186658 177404 161247
180000
160000 140000 128772
148963
134746 115677 91561 82100 55700 35861 55312 45570 42658 93651
• Diaphragms - Intermediate Level Control / OSD, Central discharge, Outlet and Drying chamber.
隔仓板 • Vertical Mill spares – Roller, Table, port ring. 立磨耐磨件：辊套、磨盘衬板 • Quarry parts – Hammers and Blowbars for various impactors 采矿耐磨件：锤头、板锤等
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关于VEGA 全资子公司 负责印度之外市场业务 业务遍布全球90多个国家和地区 产品质量已成为标杆
AIA ENGINEERING TODAY
GLOBAL FOOTPRINTS
分布
分公司
工厂
ASSOCIATED WITH THERMAL / UTILITY OEM 合作的磨煤机主机厂商
PRODUCTS AND MANUFACTURING CAPACITIES (MT / Year) 产能 （吨/年）

德力西JD-5S 电动机综合保护器 说明书

德力西JD-5S 电动机综合保护器 说明书

JD-5S Series Electric Motor Integrated ProtectorUser Manual□Please carefully read this User Manual before the installationand operation of this product, and keep it properly for futurereferenceI. Overview1.1 Scope of ApplicationJD-5S series electric motor integrated protector is used in the AC 50/60Hz power supply circuit with a voltage 380V and below to form an electric motor control circuit together with the switching circuits such as AC contactor. if found abnormal working states such as open phase, overload, and stall of main circuit of electric motor, please disconnect the contact of the switching device and cut off the three-phase power supply of electric motor timely to protect the electric motor reliably. JD-5S is an upgraded product of JD-5 product, and the setting current of the protector is set directly according to the rated current marked on the nameplate of the electric motor before use for convenient operation by users; there are technologies of multiple starting timeout options and the overload protection has inverse time limit performance, the needs of various types of motors starting from light load to heavy load can be adapted. The product has functions that there is a digital tube do display the setting current value, the run and fault status light-emitting tube is used to display, and there is pointer ammeter drive output.Standard: GB/T 14048.41.2 Model definitionRated control supply voltage Us:AC220V;AC380VRated current: 1A~9.9A10A～99ASpecification codeElectric motor integrated protectors1.3 Normal working conditions and installation conditions1.3.1 Working environment: the altitude does not exceed 2000 meters; The ambient temperature is not higher than +40℃and not below than -5℃; the voltage change range of the rated control power supply is 85%-110% of the rated voltage; the product is installed in places where the medium has no serious vibration and explosion hazard, and there are no gases and dust in the medium sufficient to cause corrosion to the metals and damage to the insulation, and there is rain and snow invasion.1.3.2 Vertical or horizontal installationII. Structural Characteristics and Working PrincipleJD-5S electric motor integrated protector has protections for overload, stall, thermal memory, open phase, three-phase imbalance, and start-up timeout. This protector adopts current sensing technology, and has a relay output interface; the whole series is of the core-through type. This protector has advantages of simple structure, reliable action, and convenient operation.III. Technical ParametersRated operating current Ie range 1A~9.9A 10A~99ARated insulation voltage, Ui AC380VRated operating voltage, Ue AC380VRated control supply voltage, Us AC50/60Hz AC220V AC380VUse category Main circuit AC-3; matched auxiliary contact (body) AC-15 Shell protection grade IP40Number of types of contacts of aux.circuit1 normally openOperating voltage and operating currentunder the use category of aux. CircuitAC-15 Ue: AC220V Ie: 0.47ARated ultimate short circuit current matedSCPDRT16-00, 6ATrip level 10A, 10, 20, 30Overload protection characteristics When the actual operating current of the motor is 1.05 times of the rated operating current, the protector operation protection time is greater than or equal to 2 h; when the actual operating current rises to 1.2 times, the protector operation protection time is less than 2 h; when the actual operating current rises to 1.5 times, the protector operation protection time is less than 2 min.Range of matched DC meter head(Rated current) 0~5A (1A~4A); 0~10A (4A~10A); 0~50A (10A~40A);0~100A (40~99A)Phase open time The open time of any phase among three phases is ≤ 3s Contact capacity AC380V, 3A; AC220V, 5A (Resistive)Electrical life: ≥10 x 104 timesMechanical life ≥100 x 104 timesInstallation method Device type (with TH35 mounting rail or screw fixed installation)IV. Outline and Installation Dimensions of ProductElectric motor integrated protectorConnected to meter headConnected to meter head Notes: QA: Start Notes: QA: StartTA: Stop TA: StopKM: AC contactor 220V KM: AC contactor 380VV. Installation and Operation InstructionsInstallation and Operation Instructions:1. Please carefully read the instructions, and connect the wires according to the wiring diagram.2. 1# and 2# terminals are the working power input terminals of the protector; 3# and 4# are the normally open contacts at the control end; 5# and 6# can be connected to the pointer ammeter head. The wiring connection method can refer to the wiring diagram; three wires from the outlet end of the AC contactor are pass through three white wire holes H1, H2, and H3 of the protector to connect to the inlet wires of the electric motor (see wiring diagram).3. Operation Guide3.1 Parameter settings1) Motor rated current settingBefore starting the electric motor, power on the JD-5S protector, press the "SET" key to switch to the "Rated current" setting item, and at this time the indicator is lit and the display value on the digital tube is the setting rated current. (According to the nominal rated current value marked on the motor nameplate, the rated current is set by pressing the "" and "" add and subtract keys)2) Starting timeout protection time settingBefore starting the electric motor, power on the JD-5S protector, press the "SET" key to switch to the "Start time" setting item, and at this time the indicator is lit and the display value on the digital tube is the setting starting timeout protection time (second); set the starting timeout protection time by pressing the "" and "" add and subtract keys; when "OF" is displayed on the digital tube, this indicates that the starting timeout protection is disabled, and when the digit is displayed, this indicates that the starting timeout protection is enabled.The factory default of the product is "OF" to turn off starting timeout protection.3) Trip level settingBefore starting the electric motor, power on the JD-5S protector, and press and hold the "SET" key to switch to the "Trip level" setting item, and at this time the indicator is lit, and the digital tube displays the protection trip level to be set; if "10." is displayed, this indicates Level 10A, with "10" displayed to indicate Level 10, with "20" displayed to indicate Level 20, and with "30" displayed to indicate Level 30. By pressing the "" and "" keys, set the different trip levels. The factory default is "10." indicating Level 10A.4) Failsafe status view and status recovery:When the failsafe protection trips in the event of starting timeout, overload, open phase or unbalance in the line, the fault status indicator on the JD-5S protector panel will be lit, and at this time the protector contact opens and is locked at the OFF state; by pressing the "SET" key, the three-phase current when the trip protection works can be viewed on the external pointer ammeter. If the digital tube displays "A-", this is the trip current of phase a; if "B-" is displayed, this is the trip current of phase B; if "C-" is displayed, this is the trip current of phase C. When the line works normally, press the "RST" key to unlock the current lock state (in case of open phase, unbalance, or starting timeout, press the "RST" key for unlocking). As the overload protection has the thermal memory function, pressing the "RST" key cannot realize the unlocking action, and the unlocking will be carried out automatically when the electric motor is cooled down (also, the protector can be powered on again for unlocking).VI. Operation Precautions1. Connect the wire properly according to the wiring diagram.2. Set the setting current according to the rated current marked on the nameplate of electric motor by combining with the display on the digital tube via keys.3. During the startup of electric motor, the overload indicator will be lit. After startup, the overload indicator shall be off during normal operation, so that the adjustment process is completed.4. Please check the performance of the protector regularly, such as open phase test and overload test.5. It is strictly prohibited to increase the current of the protector when the current and electric motor or the load works abnormally, otherwise this may cause the electric motor burns.6. The equipment that may cause major economic losses or personal safety shall be designed to ensure that the technical characteristics and performance values have sufficient margins, and safety measures such as double circuit protection should be taken.VII. Common Faults and Solutions1. If the motor stops during normal operation, carefully check the electric motor for open phase or overload. First check whether the electric motor has very high temperature rise; if found temperature rise, the overload may occur; if not found temperature rise, the line may have open phase to cause trip; check whether the three-phase power supply works normally; check the moving and fixed contacts of the AC contactor have good contact; check whether three power lines of electric motor are loose; If all are normal but the electric motor still fails to start, please carefully check whether the connecting screws of the self-lock contact of AC contactor and the normally-closed contact of protector are loose; the electric motor can start only after all faults are eliminated. Do not start the product forcedly when the fault is not eliminated to prevent accidents.2. The protector works with the electric motor and the load switch (such as contactor), and the power supply shall be turned on simultaneously. If failed to realize the synchronized power-on, the protector may have open phase fault, and the electric motor cannot start normally.3. If found any product failure, please disconnect the power supply, and then find the cause of fault; after checking that the line works normally, operate the product according to the installation and operation instructions.4. For products with poor quality, please contact the local dealer company or our company.VIII. Transport and StorageThe product is not affected by rain and snow during storage and transportation, and cannot be extruded; the product shall be put in a well-ventilated environment during storage, and the relative humidity does not exceed 90% at (25℃± 5℃). The lower temperature limit is -25℃, and the upper temperature limit is +55℃.IX. Unpacking and InspectionUnpack the outer carton, and check there is a user manual in the packing box.X. Ordering NoticeThe current specification is 1A~9.9A, 10~99A. Please note that the power of electric motor shall be consist with that of the protector.When ordering, please specify the model and specification of the product. For special requirements, please contact the manufacturer.VI. Company’s CommitmentUnder the premise that users follow the use and storage conditions and the product are well sealed, within 24 months from the production date, our company will provide repair and replacement service free of charge for any damage or abnormal operation due to poor manufacture quality. A paid repair will be provided if the warranty period expires. For any damage due to one of the following situations, a paid repair will be given even if within the warranty period:(1)Improper operation, maintenance, or storage;(2)Modified and inappropriate repair without permission;(3)Damage due to falling off or during installation after purchase;(4)Force majeure such as earthquakes, fires, lightning strikes, abnormal voltages, and secondary disasters.(5)The electrical life of the product exceeds 100,000 times; the mechanical life of the product exceeds one million times.If you have any questions, please contact the dealer or our company’s customer service department.Customer Service Hotline: 400-826-8008Certificate DELIXI GROUP CO., LTD. Name: Integrated Protector for Electric Motors Model: JD-5S seriesThis product complies with the standard GB/T 14048.4, passes the inspection and is allowed to be shipped. Inspector: Check 01Inspection date: See label on inner boxManufacturer: Delixi Group Co., Ltd.Address: No. 155, Zhandong Road, Liushi Town, Yueqing City, Zhejiang Province P.C.: 325604 Tel: (86-577) 6177 8888Fax: (86-577) 6177 8000Customer Service Hotline: 400-826-8008The second edition of this User Manual was issued in Aug. 2021。

自适应光学视觉科学手册说明书

自适应光学视觉科学手册说明书

Adaptive Optics for Vision Science: Principles, Practices, Designand ApplicationsJason Porter, Abdul Awwal, Julianna LinHope Queener, Karen Thorn(Editorial Committee)Updated on June 30, 2003−Introduction1.Introduction (David Williams)University of Rochester1.1 Goals of the AO Manual (This could also be a separate preface written by the editors)* practical guide for investigators who wish to build an AO system* summary of vision science results obtained to date with AO1.2 Brief History of Imaging1.2.1 The evolution of astronomical AOThe first microscopes and telescopes, Horace Babcock , military applications during StarWars, ending with examples of the best AO images obtained to date. Requirements forastronomical AO1.2.2 The evolution of vision science AOVision correction before adaptive optics:first spectacles, first correction of astigmatism, first contact lenses, Scheiner and thefirst wavefront sensor.Retinal imaging before adaptive optics:the invention of the ophthalmoscope, SLO, OCTFirst AO systems: Dreher et al.; Liang, Williams, and Miller.Comparison of Vision AO and Astronomical AO: light budget, temporal resolutionVision correction with AO:customized contact lenses, IOLs, and refractive surgery, LLNL AO Phoropter Retinal Imaging with Adaptive OpticsHighlighted results from Rochester, Houston, Indiana, UCD etc.1.3 Future Potential of AO in Vision Science1.3.1 Post-processing and AO1.3.2 AO and other imaging technologies (e.g. OCT)1.3.3 Vision Correction1.3.4 Retinal Imaging1.3.5 Retinal SurgeryII. Wavefront Sensing2. Aberration Structure of the Human Eye (Pablo Artal)(Murcia Optics Lab; LOUM)2.1 Aberration structure of the human eye2.1.1 Monochromatic aberrations in normal eyes2.1.2 Chromatic aberrations2.1.3 Location of aberrations2.1.4 Dynamics (temporal properties) of aberrations2.1.5 Statistics of aberrations in normal populations (A Fried parameter?)2.1.6 Off-axis aberrations2.1.7 Effects of polarization and scattering3. Wavefront Sensing and Diagnostic Uses (Geunyoung Yoon) University of Rochester3.1 Introduction3.1.1 Why is wavefront sensing technique important for vision science?3.1.2 Importance of measuring higher order aberrations of the eyeCharacterization of optical quality of the eyePrediction of retinal image quality formed by the eye’s opticsBrief summary of potential applications of wavefront sensing technique3.1.3 Chapter overview3.2 Wavefront sensors for the eye3.2.1 History of ophthalmic wavefront sensing techniques3.2.2 Different types of wavefront sensors and principle of each wavefrontsensorSubjective vs objective method (SRR vs S-H, LRT and Tcherning)Measuring light going into vs coming out of the eye (SRR, LRT and Tcherning vs S-H) 3.3 Optimizing Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor3.3.1 Design parametersWavelength, light source, laser beacon generation, pupil camera, laser safety…3.3.2 OSA standard (coordinates system, sign convention, order of Zernikepolynomials)3.3.3 Number of sampling points (lenslets) vs wavefront reconstructionperformance3.3.4 Tradeoff between dynamic range and measurement sensitivityFocal length of a lenslet array and lenslet spacing3.3.5 PrecompensationTrial lenses, trombone system, bite bar (Badal optometer)3.3.6 Increasing dynamic range without losing measurement sensitivityTranslational plate with subaperturesComputer algorithms (variable centroiding box position)3.3.7 Requirement of dynamic range of S-H wavefront sensor based on a largepopulation of the eye’s aberrations3.4 Calibration of the wavefront sensor3.4.1 reconstruction algorithm - use of simulated spot array pattern3.4.2 measurement performance - use of phase plate or deformable mirror 3.5 Applications of wavefront sensing technique to vision science3.5.1 Laser refractive surgery (conventional and customized ablation)3.5.2 Vision correction using customized optics (contact lenses andintraocular lenses)3.5.3 Autorefraction (image metric to predict subjective vision perception)3.5.4 Objective vision monitoring3.5.5 Adaptive optics (vision testing, high resolution retinal imaging)3.6 SummaryIII. Wavefront Correction with Adaptive Optics 4. Mirror Selection (Nathan Doble and Don Miller)University of Rochester / Indiana University4.1 Introduction4.1.1 Describe the DMs used in current systems.4.1.1.2 Xinetics type – Williams, Miller, Roorda – (PZT and PMN)4.1.1.3 Membrane – Artal, Zhu(Bartsch)4.1.1.4 MEMS – LLNL Phoropter, Doble4.1.1.5 LC-SLM – Davis System.4.2 Statistics of the two populations4.2.1 State of refraction:4.2.1.1 All aberrations present4.2.1.2 Zeroed Defocus4.2.1.3 Same as for 4.2.1.2 but with astigmatism zeroed in addition4.2.2 For various pupil sizes (7.5 - 2 mm) calculate:4.2.2.1 PV Error4.2.2.2 MTF4.2.2.3 Power Spectra4.2.3 Required DM stroke given by 95% of the PV error for the variousrefraction cases and pupil sizes.4.2.4 Plot of the variance with mode order and / or Zernike mode.4.3 Simulation of various Mirror TypesDetermine parameters for all mirrors to achieve 80% Strehl.4.3.1 Continuous Faceplate DMs4.3.1.1 Describe mode of operation.4.3.1.2 Modeled as a simple Gaussian4.3.1.3 Simulations for 7.5mm pupil4.3.1.4 Parameters to vary:Number of actuators.Coupling coefficient.Wavelength.4.3.1.5 All the above with unlimited stroke.4.3.2 Piston Only DMs4.3.2.1 Describe mode of operation.4.3.2.2 Simulations for 7.5mm pupil with either cases4.3.2.3 No phase wrapping i.e. unlimited stroke.Number of actuators.Packing geometryWavelength.Need to repeat the above but with gaps.4.3.2.4 Effect of phase wrappingTwo cases:Phase wrapping occurs at the segment locations.Arbitrary phase wrap.4.3.3 Segmented Piston / tip / tilt DMs4.3.3.1 Describe mode of operation.4.3.3.2 Three influence functions per segment, do the SVD fit on a segment by segmentbasis.4.3.3.3 Simulations for 7.5mm pupil.4.3.3.4 No phase wrapping unlimited stroke and tip/tilt.Number of actuators - squareSame as above except with hexagonal packing.Wavelength.Gaps for both square and hexagonal packing.4.3.3.5 Effect of phase wrappingPhase wrapping occurs at the segment locations.Arbitary phase wrap. Wrap the wavefront and then determine the required number ofsegments. Everything else as listed in part 1).4.3.4 Membrane DMs4.3.4.1 Describe mode of operation. Bimorphs as well.4.3.4.2 Simulations for 7.5mm pupil with either cases.4.3.4.3 Parameters to vary:Number of actuators.Actuator size.Membrane stressWavelength.5. Control Algorithms (Li Chen)University of Rochester5.1 Configuration of lenslets and actuators5.2 Influence function measurement5.3 Control command of wavefront corrector5.3.1 Wavefront control5.3.2 Direct slope control5.3.3 Special control for different wavefront correctors5.4 Transfer function modelization of adaptive optics system5.4.1 Transfer function of adaptive optics components5.4.2 Overall system transfer function5.4.3 Adaptive optics system bandwidth analysis5.5 Temporal modelization with Transfer function5.5.1 Feedback control5.5.2 Proportional integral control5.5.3 Smith compensate control5.6 Temporal controller optimization5.6.1 Open-loop control5.6.2 Closed-loop control5.6.2 Time delay effect on the adaptive optics system5.6.3 Real time considerations5.7 Summary6. Software/User Interface/Operational Requirements (Ben Singer) University of Rochester6.1 Introduction6.2 Hardware setup6.2.1 Imaging6.2.1.1 Hartmann-Shack Spots6.2.1.2 Pupil Monitoring6.2.1.3 Retinal Imaging6.2.2 Triggered devices: Shutters, lasers, LEDs6.2.3 Serial devices: Defocusing slide, custom devices6.2.4 AO Mirror control6.3 Image processing setup6.3.1 Setting regions of interest: search boxes6.3.2 Preparing the image6.3.2.1 Thresholding6.3.2.2 Averaging6.3.2.3 Background subtraction6.3.2.4 Flat-fielding6.3.3 Centroiding6.3.4 Bad data6.4 Wavefront reconstruction and visualization6.4.1 Zernike mode recovery and RMS6.4.1.1 Display of modes and RMS: traces, histograms6.4.1.2 Setting modes of interest6.4.2 Wavefront visualization6.4.2.1 Continuous grayscale image6.4.2.2 Wrapped grayscale image6.4.2.3 Three-D plots6.5 Adaptive optics6.5.1 Visualizing and protecting write-only mirrors6.5.2 Testing, diagnosing, calibrating6.5.3 Individual actuator control6.5.4 Update timing6.5.5 Bad actuators6.6 Lessons learned, future goals6.6.1 Case studies from existing systems at CVS and B&L6.6.1.1 One-shot wavefront sensing vs realtime AO6.6.1.2 Using AO systems in experiments: Step Defocus6.6.2 Engineering trade-offs6.6.2.1 Transparency vs Simplicity6.6.2.2 Extensibility vs Stability6.6.3 How to please everyone6.6.3.1 Subject6.6.3.2 Operator6.6.3.3 Experimenter6.6.3.4 Programmer6.6.4 Software tools6.7 Summary7. AO Assembly, Integration and Troubleshooting (Brian Bauman) Lawrence Livermore7.1 Introduction and Philosophy7.2 Optical alignment7.2.1 General remarks7.2.2 Understanding the penalties for misalignments7.2.3 Having the right knobs: optomechanics7.2.4 Common alignment practices7.2.4.1 Tools7.2.4.2 Off-line alignment of sub-systems7.2.4.3 Aligning optical components7.2.4.4 Sample procedures (taken from the AO phoropter project)7.3 Wavefront sensor checkout7.3.1 Wavefront sensor camera checkout7.3.2 Wavefront sensor checkout7.3.2.1 Proving that centroid measurements are repeatable.7.3.2.2 Proving that the centroid measurements do not depend on where centroids are withrespect to pixels7.3.2.3 Measuring plate scale.7.3.2.4 Proving that a known change in the wavefront produces the correct change incentroids.7.4 Wavefront Reconstruction7.4.1 Testing the reconstruction code: Prove that a known change in thewavefront produces the correct change in reconstructed wavefront.7.5 Aligning the “probe” beam into the eye7.6 Visual stimulus alignment7.7 Flood-illumination alignment7.8 DM-to-WFS Registration7.8.1 Tolerances & penalties for misregistration7.8.2 Proving that the wavefront sensor-to-SLM registration is acceptable.7.9 Generating control matrices7.9.1 System (“push”) matrix7.9.2 Obtaining the control matrix7.9.3 Checking the control matrix7.9.4 Null spaces7.10 Closing the loop7.10.1 Checking the gain parameter7.10.2 Checking the integration parameter7.11 Calibration7.11.1 Obtaining calibrated reference centroids.7.11.2 Proving that reference centroids are good7.11.3 Image-sharpening to improve Strehl performance.7.12 Science procedures7.13 Trouble-shooting algorithms8. System Performance: Testing, Procedures, Calibration and Diagnostics (Bruce Macintosh, Marcos Van Dam)Lawrence Livermore / Keck Telescope8.1 Spatial and Temporal characteristics of correction8.2 Power Spectra calculations8.3 Disturbance rejection curves8.4 Strehl ratio/PSF measurements/calculations8.5 Performance vs. different parameters (beacon brightness, field angle, …)?8.6 Summary Table and Figures of above criteria8.6.1 Results from Xinetics, BMC, IrisAOIV. Retinal Imaging Applications 9. Fundamental Properties of the Retina (Ann Elsner) Schepens Eye Research Institute9.1 Shape of the retina, geometric optics9.1.1 Normal fovea, young vs. old9.1.1.1. foveal pit9.1.1.2. foveal crest9.1.2 Normal optic nerve head9.1.3 Periphery and ora serrata9.2 Two blood supplies, young vs. old9.2.1 Retinal vessels and arcades9.2.2 0 – 4 layers retinal capillaries, foveal avascular zone9.2.3 Choriocapillaris, choroidal vessels, watershed zone 9.3 Layers vs. features, young vs. old, ethnic differences9.3.1 Schlera9.3.2 Choroidal vessels, choroidal melanin9.3.3 Bruch’s membrane9.3.4 RPE, tight junctions, RPE melanin9.3.5 Photoreceptors, outer limiting membrane9.3.5.1 Outer segment9.3.5.2 Inner segment9.3.5.3 Stiles-Crawford effect9.3.5.4 Macular pigment9.3.6 Neural retina9.3.7 Glia, inner limiting membrane, matrix9.3.8 Inner limiting membrane9.3.9 Vitreo-retinal interface, vitreous floaters9.4 Spectra, layers and features9.4.1 Main absorbers in the retina9.4.2 Absorbers vs. layers9.4.3 Features in different wavelengths9.4.4 Changes with aging9.5 Light scattering, layers and features9.5.1 Directly backscattered light9.5.2 Multiply scattered light9.5.3 Geometric changes in specular light return9.5.4 Layers for specular and multiply scattered light9.5.5 Imaging techniques to benefit from light scattering properties 9.6 Polarization9.6.1 Polarization properties of the photoreceptors9.6.2 Polarization properties of the nerve fiber bundles, microtubules9.6.3 Anterior segment and other polarization artifacts9.6.4 Techniques to measure polarization properties9.7 Imaging techniques to produce contrast from specular or multiply scattered light9.7.1 Confocal imaging9.7.2 Polarization to narrow the point spread function9.7.3 Polarization as a means to separate directly backscattered light frommultiply scattered light, demonstration using the scattered light9.7.4 Coherence techniques as a means to separate directly backscattered light from multiply scattered light, with a goal of using the scattered light10. Strategies for High Resolution Retinal Imaging (Austin Roorda, Remy Tumbar, Julian Christou)University of Houston / University of Rochester / University of California, Santa Cruz10.1 Conventional Imaging (Roorda)10.1.1 Basic principlesThis will be a simple optical imaging system10.1.2 Basic system designShow a typical AO flood-illuminated imaging system for the eye10.1.3 Choice of optical componentsDiscuss the type of optical you would use (eg off axis parabolas)10.1.4 Choice of light sourceHow much energy, what bandwidth, flash duration, show typical examples10.1.5 Controlling the field sizeWhere to place a field stop and why10.1.6 Choice of cameraWhat grade of camera is required? Show properties of typical cameras that are currently used10.1.7 Implementation of wavefront sensingWhere do you place the wavefront sensor. Using different wavelengths for wfs.10.2 Scanning Laser Imaging (Roorda)10.2.1 Basic principlesThis will show how a simple scanning imaging system operates10.2.2 Basic system designThis shows the layout of a simple AOSLO10.2.3 Choice of optical componentsWhat type of optical components shoud you use and why (eg mirrors vs lenses). Where doyou want to place the components (eg raster scanning, DM etc) and why.10.2.4 Choice of light sourceHow to implement different wavelengths. How to control retinal light exposure10.2.5 Controlling the field sizeOptical methods to increase field sizeMechanical (scanning mirror) methods to increase field size10.2.6 Controlling light deliveryAcousto-optical control of the light source for various applications10.2.7 Choice of detectorPMT vs APD what are the design considerations10.2.8 Choice of frame grabbing and image acquisition hardwareWhat are the requirements for a frame grabber. What problems can you expect.10.2.9 Implementation of wavefront sensingStrategies for wavefront sensing in an AOSLO10.2.10 Other: pupil tracking, retinal tracking, image warping10.3 OCT systems (Tumbar)10.3.1 Flood illuminated vs. Scanning10.4 Future ideas (Tumbar)10.4.1 DIC (Differential Interference Contrast)10.4.2 Phase Contrast10.4.3 Polarization Techniques10.4.4 Two-photon10.4.5 Fluorescence/Auto-fluorescence10.5 Survey of post-processing/image enhancement strategies (Christou)11. Design Examples11.1 Design of Houston Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) (Krishna Venkateswaran)11.1.1 Basic optical designEffect of double pass system on psf, imaging in conjugate planes11.1.2 Light delivery opticsFiber optic source and other optics11.1.3 Raster scanningScanning speeds etc.,11.1.4 Physics of confocal imaging11.1.5 Adaptive optics in SLOWavefront sensing, Zernike polynomials, Deformable mirror, correction time scales11.1.6 Detailed optical layout of the AOSLOLens, mirrors, beam splitters with specs11.1.7 Image acquisitionBack end electronics, frame grabber details11.1.8 Software interface for the AOSLOWavefront sensing, Image acquisition11.1.9 Theoretical model of AOSLO:Limits on axial and lateral resolution11.1.10 Image registration11.1.11 Results11.1.12 Discussions on improving performance of AOSLOLight loss in optics, Deformable mirror, Wavefront sensing,11.1.13 Next generation AOSLO type systems11.2 Indiana University AO Coherence Gated System (Don Miller)11.2.1 Resolution advantages of an AO-OCT retina camera11.2.2 AO-OCT basic system design concepts11.2.2.1 Application-specific constraints−Sensitivity to weak tissue reflections−Tolerance to eye motion artifacts−Yoking focal plane to the coherence gate11.2.2.2 Integration of AO and OCT sub-systems−Generic OCT system−Specific OCT architectures−Preferred AO-OCT embodiments11.2.3 Description of the Indiana AO-OCT retina cameraOptical layout of the Indiana AO-OCT retina camera11.2.3.1 Adaptive Optics for correction of ocular aberrationsA. System descriptionB. Results11.2.3.2 1D OCT axial scanning for retina trackingA. System descriptionB. Results11.2.3.3 High speed 2D incoherent flood illumination for focusing and aligningA. System descriptionB. Results11.2.3.4 CCD-based 2D OCT for en face optical sectioning the retinaA. System descriptionB. Results11.2.4 Future developments11.2.4.1 Smart photodiode array11.2.4.2 En face and tomographic scanning11.2.4.3 Reduction of image speckle11.2.4.4 Detector sensitivity11.2.4.5 Faster image acquisition11.3 Rochester Second Generation AO System (Heidi Hofer)V. Vision Correction Applications12. Customized Vision Correction Devices (Ian Cox)Bausch & Lomb12.1 Contact Lenses12.1.1 Rigid or Soft Lenses?12.1.2 Design Considerations – More Than Just Optics12.1.3 Measurement – The Eye, the Lens or the System?12.1.4 Manufacturing Issues – Can The Correct Surfaces Be Made?12.1.5 Who Will Benefit?12.1.6 Summary12.2 Intraocular Lenses12.2.1 Which Aberrations - The Cornea, The Lens or The Eye?12.2.2 Surgical Procedures – Induced Aberrations12.2.3 Design & Manufacturing Considerations12.2.4 Future Developments & Summary13. Customized Refractive Surgery (Scott MacRae)University of Rochester / StrongVision14. Visual Psychophysics (UC Davis Team, headed by Jack Werner) UC Davis14.1 Characterizing visual performance14.1.1 Acuity14.1.2 Contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs)14.1.3 Photopic/scotopic performance (include various ways to defineluminance)14.2 What is psychophysics?14.2.1 Studying the limits of vision14.2.2 Differences between detection, discrimination and identification14.3 Psychophysical methods14.3.1 Psychometric function14.3.2 signal detection theory14.3.3 measuring threshold14.3.4 Criterion-free methods14.3.5 Method of constant stimuli, method of adjustment, adaptive methods(e.g. Quest).14.4 The visual stimulus14.4.1 Issues in selecting a display systemTemporal resolutionSpatial resolutionIntensity (maximum, bit depth)HomogeneitySpectral characteristics14.4.2 Hardware optionsCustom optical systems (LEDs, Maxwellian view)DisplaysCRTsDLPsLCDsPlasmaProjectorsDisplay generationcustom cardsVSGBits++10-bit cardsPelli attenuatorDithering/bit stealing14.4.3 SoftwareOff the shelf software is not usually flexible enough. We recommend doing it yourself. This canbe done using entirely custom software (e.g. C++) or by using software libraries such as VSG(PC) or PsychToolbox (Mac/PC).14.4.4 CalibrationGamma correctionSpatial homogeneityTemporal and spatial resolution14.5 Summary15. Wavefront to Phoropter Refraction (Larry Thibos)Indiana University15.1 Basic terminology15.1.1 Refractive error15.1.2 Refractive correction15.1.3 Lens prescriptions15.2 The goal of subjective refraction15.2.1 Definition of far point15.2.2 Elimination of astigmatism15.2.3 Using depth-of-focus to expand the range of clear vision15.2.4 Placement of far-point at hyperfocal distance15.3 Methods for estimating the monochromatic far-point from an aberration map15.3.1 Estimating center of curvature of an aberrated wavefront15.3.1.1 Least-squares fitting15.3.1.2 Paraxial curvature matching15.3.2 Estimating object distance that optimizes focus15.3.2.1 Metrics based on point objects15.3.2.2 Metrics based on grating objects15.4 Ocular chromatic aberration and the polychromatic far-point15.4.1 Polychromatic center of curvature metrics15.4.2 Polychromatic point image metrics15.4.3 Polychromatic grating image metrics15.5 Experimental evaluation of proposed methods15.5.1 Conditions for subjective refraction15.5.2. Monochromatic predictions15.5.3 Polychromatic predictions16. Design ExamplesDetailed Layouts, Numbers, Noise Analysis, Limitations for Visual Psychophysics: 16.1 LLNL/UR/B&L AO Phoroptor (Scot Olivier)16.2 UC Davis AO Phoropter (Scot Olivier)16.3 Rochester 2nd Generation AO System (Heidi Hofer)V. Appendix/Glossary of Terms (Hope Queener, JosephCarroll)• Laser safety calculations• Other ideas?• Glossary to define frequently used terms。

设备确认操作规程(英文)【精选文档】

设备确认操作规程(英文)【精选文档】

PURPOSE:To provide a formal methodology to be followed during qualification of equipment.SCOPE:Applicable to qualification of new equipment, re-qualification of equipment， which has undergone major modification, relocation of equipment and Periodic Qualification as per schedule in Pharma manufacturing department。

RESPONSIBILITY:Production， Engineering, Safety, Quality Control and Quality Assurance staff. DEFINITION:Qualification： Documented verification that the environment and equipment are appropriate for the designated function。

User Requirement Specification (URS)：A Requirement specification that describes what the equipment or system is suppose to do， thus containing at least set of criteria or conditions that have to be met。

Functional Design Specification （FDS）: Functional design specification is a document that specifies in a complete, precise， variable manner， the requirement design, behaviour or other characteristics of a system or component and often the procedures for determining whether these provisions have been satisfied。

化工专业英语课件

化工专业英语课件
• Throughout （表示时间）自始至终； 在…期间； 遍及…地域；
• Manufacture of chemicals in the mid-19th century consisted of modest craft operations. • Craft 工艺；手艺；技巧；技能
• Increase in demand,public concern at the emission of noxious effluents,and competition between rival processes provided the incentives for greater
• The laws of physical chemistry and physics govern
the practicability and efficiency of chemical engineering operations. • Practicability 实用性
• Energy changes,deriving from thermodynamic considerations, are particulary important.
• The number of unit operation-the building blocks of a chemical plant-is not large.
• The complexity arises from the variety of conditions under which the unit operations are conducted.
Specialized English for chemistry
Chemical Enineering and Technology

冷却塔外文翻译原文

冷却塔外文翻译原文

Lewis number which is assumed to be unity in the derivation of above relation for the cooling tower, but reported to be around 0.94. Eckert [9] in his work has pointed out that if the air flow is kept turbulent in the column then the Lewis number is nearer unity. And since in the system under investigation the turbulence level is far more than in the conventional cases that no corrections need be applied. Fluidized bed cooling tower (FBCT) process is mainly a counterflow in operation but mixing introduces certain degree of complexity. The evaluation of the integral thus becomes complicated, therefore, it is decided to adopt a conservative approach of assuming counterflow conditions for the evaluation of the tower characteristics. Performance evaluation based on the wide range of parameters for the conventional cases has been discussed in detail in the literature [10]. This paper discusses the performance of FBCT as a function of process variables. The performance on a smaller size FBCT is found to be encouraging and hence, a larger size FBCT is designed for more experimentation. Some of the results obtained from the larger tower is super imposed with that obtained from the smaller tower to bring out the size on the performance of FBCT. A comparison of the performance from a conventional cooling tower with numerous types of fill packings and the results obtained from FBCT is also presented.

船舶建造计划英语

船舶建造计划英语

Introduction:In the realm of maritime engineering, the construction of a high-quality vessel is an intricate process that necessitates meticulous planning, precision execution, and adherence to stringent international standards. This comprehensive shipbuilding plan encapsulates a multi-faceted approach that underscores the importance of quality control, safety, environmental sustainability, and technological innovation in every phase of the construction process.Project Overview:The shipbuilding project involves the design and construction of a state-of-the-art commercial vessel, tailored to meet the highest levels of operational efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility. The vessel will be designed with cutting-edge technology, ensuring it complies with all International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations and surpasses industry benchmarks for quality and performance.Design Phase:The design process begins with detailed conceptualization, where our team of naval architects will employ advanced Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to create a 3D model. This phase will emphasize factors such as stability, hydrodynamics, fuel efficiency, and seaworthiness, ensuring that the vessel meets or exceeds classification society rules. We will also integrate sustainable features like energy-efficient propulsion systems and optimized hull designs to minimize carbon footprint.Construction Phase:Material selection is paramount in achieving high-quality standards. Only certified materials from reputable suppliers meeting international standards will be used. Welding procedures will strictly adhere to ISO 3834, guaranteeing the structural integrity of the vessel. Throughout this phase, rigorous Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) measures will be enforced, including regular inspections, non-destructive testing, and adherence to approveddrawings and specifications.Additionally, we'll prioritize worker safety by adhering to OHSAS 18001 guidelines and providing ongoing training to ensure that all personnel involved in the construction process are well-versed in safe work practices.Installation & Integration:High-quality standards extend to the installation and integration of machinery, navigation equipment, and onboard systems. All installations will comply with relevant IMO, SOLAS, and flag state requirements. The vessel's automation and control systems will be cutting-edge, promoting efficient operation and minimizing human error.Sea Trials & Delivery:Before delivery, the vessel will undergo extensive sea trials to validate its performance, maneuverability, speed, and endurance against the set parameters. Post-trial modifications, if any, will be executed promptly to ensure complete satisfaction. The final stage includes thorough documentation, certification, and handover to the client, following all ISM (International Safety Management) and ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security) codes.Maintenance & Lifecycle Planning:A key aspect of our commitment to high standards is extending beyond the build phase. We provide a comprehensive maintenance plan and lifecycle analysis to ensure optimal performance throughout the vessel's service life. This includes predictive maintenance strategies based on IoT and AI technologies to minimize downtime and prolong the vessel's operational lifespan.Conclusion:This shipbuilding plan embodies a holistic vision of quality, encapsulating not only the physical aspects of the vessel but also the procedural, regulatory, and environmental dimensions. Our unwavering commitment to high standards ensures that the constructed vessel will be at the forefront of maritime excellence, reflecting a synthesis of technological advancement, safetyconsciousness, and environmental stewardship.By meticulously executing this plan, we aim to deliver a vessel that not only meets but consistently exceeds the expectations of our clients, while also contributing to the global maritime industry's push towards safer, cleaner, and more efficient shipping practices.。

英文版模拟电子技术课件第四章

英文版模拟电子技术课件第四章

Biasing and Three States of Operation
• Active or Linear Region
Operation
Base–Emitter junction is
forward biased
Base–Collector junction is
reverse biased
For point B, if a signal is applied to the circuit, the device will vary in current and voltage from operating point, allowing the device to react to (and possibly amplify) both the positive and negative excursions of the input signal. If the input signal is properly chosen, the voltage and current of the device will vary but not enough to drive the device into cutoff or saturation. Point B is a region of more linear spacing and therefore more linear operation.
Point D sets the device operating point near the maximum voltage and power level. The output voltage swing in the positive direction is thus limited if the maximum voltage is not to be exceeded.

Navigator 600 Silica Silica 分析器说明书

Navigator 600 Silica Silica 分析器说明书

Navigator 600 SilicaSilica analyzerCost-effective automated monitoring of silica for a widerange of applicationsLowest cost-of-ownership—up to 90 % lower reagent consumption than competitors' analyzers—labour-saving 5 minute annual maintenance and up to 3 months unattended operation—field upgradeable from 2 to 4; 2 to 6 or 4 to 6 streamsEasy to use—familiar Windows™ menu system—built-in context-sensitive helpFull communications—web- and ftp-enabled for easy data file access, remote viewing and configuration—optional Profibus® DP V1.0Fast, accurate and reliable—automatic cleaning, calibration and zero deliver high accuracy measurements—extensive electronics, measurement and maintenance diagnostics ensure high availability—true auto-zero compensates for sample color, turbidity and background silica in reagents—temperature-controlled reaction and measurement section for optimum responseNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzer2DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JIntroductionMany years of experience and innovation in the design and successful application of continuous chemical analyzers has been combined with the latest electronics and production technologies to produce the Navigator 600 Series of analyzers from ABB.Developed as fully continuous analyzers offering wide dynamic ranging, the Navigator 600 Series incorporates greater simplicity and functionality than ever before. Based on colorimetric techniques, they feature a liquid handling section carefully designed to reduce routine maintenance. Utilizing powerful electronics, advanced features such as automatic calibration,continuous sample analysis and programmable multi-stream switching ensure accurate and simple measurement of silica.Process data, as well as the content of alarm and audit logs,can be saved to a removable SD card in binary and comma-delimited formats for record keeping and analysis using ABB’s DataManager data analysis software package.A very low cost of ownership has been achieved by reducing the reagent consumption and simplifying the maintenance requirements.The size of the instrument has been reduced to a compact,ergonomically-designed, wall-mounted case thus providing a very small footprint.ApplicationsTypical applications for the Navigator 600 Silica are:⏹Demineralization Plants for Power and Process Industries.–Monitoring the outlet of the anion and mixed beds for silica breakthrough, providing indication of bed exhaustion and final water quality.⏹Boiler Systems.–Monitoring boiler drum water, providing information on the contamination levels in the boiler.–Monitoring silica carryover in saturated steam thus protecting turbine blades from potentially excessive scale build up.–Monitoring the exhaustion of ion exchangers in a Condensate Polishing Plant.OperationGeneralThe Navigator 600 Silica is an on-line analyzer, designed to provide continuous monitoring of silica concentration utilizing a standard colorimetric analysis principle.Liquid HandlingThe chemistry employed for silica measurement is the industry standard Molybdenum Blue reaction. Sample and reagents are drawn into the instrument by two multichannel peristaltic pumps. These are designed and constructed to ensure only simple yearly maintenance is required. The reagents are added to the sample in a temperature-controlled reaction block and the fully reacted sample is then passed through an in-line measuring cuvette.The optical measuring system enables accurate detection of silica concentrations from 0 to 5000 ppb.The instrument includes a manual sampling facility that enables the analysis of grab samples.Solution ReplacementLiquid Handling Section ContinuousReagents3 months Calibration Standard 3 months Cleaning Solution3 monthsNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerDS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J 3ElectronicsThe main electronic transmitter consists of a display and key pad accessible from the front of the unit. Indication of all parameters is provided by a large backlit LCD display that is easy to read in all light conditions. Under normal operating conditions, measured values are displayed; programming data is displayed during set-up and also on demand. Units and range of measurement, alarm values and standard solution values are examples of the many programmable functions.Keeping simplicity of operation at the forefront of design, six fingertip-operated tactile membrane switches control local operation of the analyzer and provide easy access to all parameters.The Navigator 600 Silica is provided with 4 dedicated relays,6user-programmable relays and 6 current outputs as standard.Profibus DP V1.0 is available as an option.Ethernet CommunicationsThe Navigator 600 Silica can provide 10BaseT Ethernet communications via a standard RJ45 connector and uses industry-standard protocols TCP/IP , FTP and HTTP . The use of standard protocols enables easy connection into existing PC networks.Data File Access via FTP (File Transfer Protocol)The Navigator 600 Silica features F TP server functionality. The FTP server in the analyzer is used to access its file system from a remote station on a network. This requires an FTP client on the host PC. Both MS-DOS® and Microsoft® Internet Explorer version 5.5 or later can be used as an FTP client.⏹Using a standard web-browser or other FTP client, datafiles contained within the analyzer's memory or memory card can be accessed remotely and transferred to a PC or network drive.⏹Four individual FTP users' names and passwords can beprogrammed into the Navigator 600 Silica. An access level can be configured for each user.⏹All FTP log-on activity is recorded in the audit log of theinstrument.⏹Using ABB’s data file transfer scheduler program, datafiles from multiple instruments can be backed-up automatically to a PC or network drive for long-term storage, ensuring the security of valuable process data and minimizing the operator intervention required.Display and KeypadChart View DisplayNavigator 600 Silica(FTP Server)Navigator 600 Silica(FTP Server)FTP ClientEthernetNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzer4DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JEmbedded Web ServerThe Navigator 600 Silica has an embedded web-server that provides access to web pages created within the instrument.The use of HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) enables standard web browsers to view these pages.⏹Accessible through the web pages are the current displayof the analyzer, detailed information on stream values, reagent and solution levels, measurement status and other key information.⏹The audit and alarm logs stored in the Navigator 600Silica's internal buffer memory and memory card can be viewed on the web pages.⏹Operator messages can be entered via the web server,enabling comments to be logged to the instrument.⏹The web pages and the information they contain arerefreshed regularly, enabling them to be used as a supervision tool.⏹The analyzer's configuration can be selected from anexisting configuration in the internal memory or a new configuration file transferred to the instrument via FTP .⏹The analyzer's real-time clock can be set via the webserver. Alternatively, the clocks of multiple analyzers can be synchronized using ABB's File Transfer Scheduler software.Email NotificationVia the Navigator 600 Silica's built-in SMTP client, the analyzer is able to email notification of important events. Emails triggered from alarms or other critical events can be sent to multiple recipients. The analyzer can also be programmed to email reports of the current measurement status or other parameters at specific times during the day.ProfibusThe Navigator 600 Silica can be equipped (option) with Profibus DP V1.0 to enable full communications and control integrationwith distributed control systems.Navigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerDS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J 5MaintenanceThe analyzer has been designed to maximize on-line availability by reducing routine maintenance to a minimum.Yearly maintenance consists of simply replacing pump capstans and pump tube assemblies, an operation that can take as little as five minutes.F ully automatic calibration, zeroing and cleaning functions enable the analyzer to keep operational with minimal manual intervention. A predictive alarm alerts the user to reagent solution replacement being required. The cleaning and calibration solutions have a sensor to detect when replacement is necessary.OptionsMulti-stream FacilityA fully programmable multi-stream option is available on the Navigator 600 Silica on-line analyzer, providing up to six-stream capability including individual current output and visual indication as well as user-programmable stream sequencing.The analyzers are designed to be easily upgradeable in the field to two, four or six streams.Simple to replace pump tube assemblesSix Streams DisplayNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzer6DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JSpecificationSilica MeasurementRangeFully user programmable 0 to 5000 ppb SiO 2, minimum range 0 to 50 ppbMeasurement ModesSample stream options Available as single stream ormulti-stream in 2, 4 or 6 stream configurationsSingle-stream PerformanceMeasurement methodContinuous chemistry and measurement operation.Response time<15 mins. (90% step change)Typical accuracy<±2% of reading or ±0.5 ppb (whichever is the greater) over the range 0 to 500 ppb <±5% of reading over the range 500 to 5000 ppbRepeatability<±2% of reading or ±0.5 ppb (whichever is the greater) over the range 0 to 500 ppb <±3% of reading over the range 500 to 5000 ppbMulti-stream performanceMeasurement methodContinuous chemistry with a minimum 12 minutes per stream measurement update.Sample rate programmable between 12 minutes minimum to 60minutes maximum.Response timeMinimum update time 12 minutesTypical accuracy<±2% of reading or ±0.5 ppb (whichever is the greater) over the range 0 to 500 ppb*<±5% of reading over the range 500 to 5000 ppb** Dependent on sample rate – refer to table on page 2Repeatability<±2% of reading or ±0.5 ppb (whichever is the greater) over the range 0 to 500 ppb <±3% of reading over the range 500 to 5000 ppbSolution RequirementsNumber4 reagents (2.5 l bottles)1 standard solution (0.5 l bottle)1 cleaning solution (0.5 l bottle)Reagent ConsumptionContinuous operation mode 2.5 l max. per 90 daysDisplayColor, passive matrix, liquid crystal display (LCD) with built-in backlight and brightness adjustment 76800 pixel display(a small percentage of the display pixels may be either constantly active or inactive. Max. percentage of inoperative pixels <0.01%)Dedicated operator keys⏹Group Select/Left cursor ⏹View Select/Right cursor ⏹Menu key ⏹Up/Increment key ⏹Down/Decrement key ⏹Enter keyMechanical DataIngress protectionIP31** – Wet section (critical components IP66)IP66 – Transmitter Dimensions Materials of construction Sample connections ** Not evaluated for UL or CBDiagonal display area 144 mm (5.7 in.)Height 638 mm (25.1 in.) plus constant headbracket 186 mm (7.3 in.)Width 271 mm (10.7 in.)Depth 182 mm (7.2 in.)Weight15 kg (33 lbs)Electronics enclosure 20% glass loaded polypropylene Main enclosure NorylLower tray 10% glass loaded polypropylene DoorAcrylicInlet 6 mm (1/4 in.) flexible hose connection Outlet9 mm (1/4 in.) flexible hose connectionNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerDS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J 7Environmental DataAmbient Operating Temperature 5 to 45 ºC (41 to 113 ºF)Sample Temperature 5 to 55 ºC (41 to 131 ºF)Sample Particulate <60 microns <10 mgl –1Sample Flow Rate>5 ml/min / <500 ml/min Sample Pressure AtmosphericStorage Temperature–20 to 75 ºC (–4 to 167 ºF)Ambient Operating Humidity Up to 95% RH non-condensingElectricalSupply ranges100 to 240 V max. AC 50/60 Hz ± 10 % (90 to 264 V AC, 45/65 Hz)18 to 36 V DC 10A power supply typical (optional)Power consumption 60 W max. – AC 100 W max. – DCAnalog OutputsSingle and multi-stream analyzers 6 isolated current outputs:⏹galvanically isolated (to 500 V dc) from each other and all other circuitry⏹fully assignable and programmable over a 0 to 20 mA range (up to 22 mA if required)⏹drives maximum 750 loadWetted MaterialsPMMA (acrylic)PP (polypropylene)PTFEPP (20% glass filled)PEEK NBR (nitrile)EPDM SantoprenePTFE (15% polysulphane)NORYLBorosilicate glass Acrylic adhesiveAlarms/Relay OutputsSingle and multi-stream instruments One per unit:⏹Out of service alarm relay ⏹Calibration in progress alarm relay ⏹Calibration failed alarm relay ⏹Maintenance/Hold alarm relaySix per unit:⏹fully user-assignable and alarm relaysRating Connectivity/CommunicationsEthernet connection Bus communicationsProfibus DP V1 (optional)Data Handling, Storage and DisplaySecurityStorageRemovable Secure Digital (SD) card – maximum size 2 GB Trend analysis Local and remote Data transfer SD card or FTPApprovals, Certification and SafetySafety Approval cULus – PendingCE MarkCovers EMC & LV Directives (including latest version EN 61010)General Safety EN 61010–1Overvoltage Class 11 on inputs and outputs Pollution category 2EMCEmissions & immunityMeets requirements of IEC61326 for an Industrial EnvironmentVoltage 250 V AC 30 V DC Current5 A AC 5 A DC Loading (non-inductive)1250 VA150 WWeb server with ftp:for real time monitoring, configuration, data file access and email capabilityMulti level security:user, configuration, calibration and maintenance pagesNavigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerOverall DimensionsNavigator 600 Silica8DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JNavigator 600 SilicaSilica analyzerReagent bottles mounted on optional brackets (two bottles per bracket)DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J9Navigator 600 Silica Silica analyzer10DS/NAV6S–EN Rev. JOrdering InformationSupplied with analyzer:Reagent and calibration containersSilica Analyzer AW641/XXXXXXXXRange0 ... 5000 ppb 5Number of Streams1 – Measuring 1 stream2 – Measuring 2 streams 4 – Measuring3 or4 streams 6 – Measuring5 or6 streams 1246CommunicationsNoneProfibus DP . V .101EnclosureStandardStandard + reagent shelvesStandard + reagent shelves + reagent sensors 012Power Supply100 ... 240 V AC 50/60 Hz 18 ... 36 V DC 01ReservedBuild 9ManualEnglish French Italian German Spanish 12345CertificationNoneCertificate of calibration cULus – pending012Navigator 600 Silica Silica analyzerDS/NAV6S–EN Rev. J 11Benefits summary⏹Lowest cost-of-ownership–up to 90 % lower reagent consumption than competitors' analyzers–labour-saving 5 minute annual maintenance and up to 6 months unattended operation⏹Easy to use–familiar Windows™ menu system –built-in context-sensitive help⏹Full communications–web- and ftp-enabled for easy data file access, remote viewing and configuration –optional Profibus DP V1.0⏹Fast, Accurate and Reliable–temperature-controlled reaction and measurement section for optimum response–automatic cleaning, calibration and zero deliver high accuracy measurements–extensive electronics, measurement andmaintenance diagnostics ensure high availability⏹Field upgradeable–from 2 to 4; 2 to 6 or 4 to 6 streams, each user-programmable from 0 to 5000 ppb⏹Compact size–638 mm (25.1 in.) H x 271 mm (10.7 in.) W x 182 mm (7.2 in.) D⏹Email facility–automatically email up to 6 recipients when user-selected events occur⏹Grab sample facility–for manual sampling⏹Multiple outputs and relays–6 current outputs, 4 device state and 6 user-programmable relays as standard⏹Archiving facility–SD data card for easy backup and programming⏹Auto-zero facility–true auto-zero compensates for sample color, turbidity and background silica in reagents⏹Instrument logs–alarm and audit logs for complete, secure recordsContact usD S /N A V 6S -E N R e v . J 10.2011ABB LimitedProcess Automation Oldends Lane StonehouseGloucestershire GL10 3TA UK Tel:+44 1453 826 661Fax:+44 1453 829 671ABB Inc.Process Automation 125 E. County Line Road Warminster PA 18974USA Tel:+1 215 674 6000Fax:+1 215 674 NoteWe reserve the right to make technical changes or modify the contents of this document without prior notice. With regard to purchase orders, the agreed particulars shall prevail. ABB does not accept any responsibility whatsoever for potential errors or possible lack of information in this document.We reserve all rights in this document and in thesubject matter and illustrations contained therein. Any reproduction, disclosure to third parties or utilization of its contents in whole or in parts – is forbidden without prior written consent of ABB.Copyright© 2011 ABB All rights reserved3KXA841601R1001Windows™, Microsoft™, MS-DOS™ and Internet Explorer™ are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and / or other countries.PROFIBUS™ is a registered trademark of PROFIBUS corporation.。

211248160_新型列控系统中列车完整性功能测试方法探讨

211248160_新型列控系统中列车完整性功能测试方法探讨

新型列控系统中列车完整性功能测试方法探讨魏 博（北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司，北京 100070）摘要：由系统级层面分析完整性相关功能的运营场景，采用时序图及流程图对车载设备-列尾设备-地面设备间的信息交互及处理逻辑进行建模，并据此设计正常场景、故障场景（单车运行）、故障场景（双车追踪）下的测试案例。

通过在实验室搭建半实物仿真测试平台，验证系统的完整性相关功能以及测试案例的可行性。

该案例设计方法对新型列控系统完整性相关功能的测试方案制定具有重要参考意义。

关键词：新型列控系统；列车完整性；故障场景；测试案例中图分类号：U284.48 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-4440(2023)05-0021-06Discussion on Test Scheme for Train Integrity Functions inNew Train Control SystemWei Bo(CRSC Research & Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China) Abstract: This paper analyzes the operation scenarios of train integrity related functions at the system level, utilizes the sequence diagram and flow chart to model the information interaction and processing logic among onboard equipment, EOT equipment and wayside equipment, and designs the test cases for the normal scenario, the fault scenario with a single vehicle in operation and the fault scenario with two trains in tracking state. The functions related to train integrity and the feasibility of test cases are verified through a laboratory half-physical simulation test platform. The proposed design method for test cases has important reference significance for the formulation of the test scheme for the train integrity related functions in the new train control system.Keywords: new train control system; train integrity; fault scenario; test caseDOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4440.2023.05.005收稿日期：2022-04-20；修回日期：2023-03-23基金项目：中国铁路通信信号股份有限公司重点科研项目（2300-K1170038）作者简介：魏博（1987—），男，工程师，硕士，主要研究方向：铁路信号系统测试，邮箱：***************.cn。

gc类用法

gc类用法

gc类用法以下是 20 个关于“gc 类用法”的双语例句：1. 我最近在研究 gc 类，这玩意儿就像一座神秘的城堡，让人难以捉摸。

I've been studying the gc class recently. This thing is like a mysterious castle that's hard to figure out.2. 哎呀，gc 类的那些复杂规则，难道不像一团乱麻吗？Oh my, those complex rules of the gc class, aren't they like a tangled mess?3. 你看，正确运用 gc 类能让程序效率飙升，这难道不神奇吗？Look, the correct use of the gc class can make the program efficiency soar. Isn't this amazing?4. 朋友跟我说，搞懂 gc 类就像打通游戏的最后一关，可真不容易啊！My friend told me that understanding the gc class is like passing the last level of a game. It's really not easy!5. 每次遇到 gc 类的问题，我都感觉自己像在黑暗中摸索。

Every time I encounter problems with the gc class, I feel like groping in the dark.6. 他们在讨论 gc 类时，那激烈的程度，就好像在争论世界末日的解决方案！When they were discussing the gc class, the intensity was as if they were arguing about the solution to the end of the world!7. 学会 gc 类的操作，不就如同掌握了一把神奇的钥匙，能打开高效编程的大门？Learning the operation of the gc class isn't it like masteringa magical key that can open the door to efficient programming?8. 这 gc 类，复杂得让我头都大了，谁能来救救我？This gc class is so complicated that it makes my head spin. Who can come and save me?9. 你要是能轻松玩转 gc 类，那在编程界可就是大神级别啦！If you can handle the gc class with ease, then you'll be a god-level figure in the programming world!10. 对于新手来说，gc 类简直就是一座难以跨越的高山，不是吗？For beginners, the gc class is simply an insurmountable mountain, isn't it?11. 我试图理解 gc 类，可它就像个调皮的孩子，总跟我捉迷藏。

分子筛脱水工艺简述

分子筛脱水工艺简述

第26卷第1期2008年2月天　然　气　与　石　油Na tura l Ga s And O ilVol .26,No .1Feb .2008 收稿日期:2007205211 作者简介:胡晓敏(19792),女,四川广安人,工程师,双学士,2001年毕业于中国石油大学(华东),主要从事天然气净化的研究与设计工作。

电话:(028)86014138。

分子筛脱水工艺简述胡晓敏,陆永康,曾亮泉(中国石油工程设计有限公司西南分公司,四川成都610017)摘　要:分子筛脱水是目前国内外应用较广泛,技术较成熟的脱水工艺。

脱水后干气含水量可低至10-6。

该法操作简单,占地面积小,对进料气的温度、压力和流量变化不敏感。

天然气分子筛工艺一般分为两塔流程、三塔或多塔流程。

总结了天然气分子筛脱水装置的一些重要操作参数,供工程设计参考。

关键词:分子筛;脱水;流程;操作参数文章编号:100625539(2008)0120039203 文献标识码:A0　概述目前国内外应用较广泛,技术较成熟的天然气脱水工艺有:低温分离、固体吸附和溶剂吸收三种方法。

而固体吸附法中以分子筛脱水的应用最广泛,技术最成熟可靠。

分子筛脱水是一个物理吸附过程。

物理吸附主要由范氏引力或扩散力所引起,气体的吸附类似于气体的凝聚,一般无选择性,是可逆过程,吸附热小,吸附所需的活化能小,所以吸附速度快,较易达到平衡。

分子筛脱水一般适用于下列场合[1]:a.要求天然气水露点低于-40℃的场合,例如使用膨胀机的NG L 回收装置的原料气脱水。

b .同时脱水脱烃以满足水露点、烃露点销售要求的烃露点控制装置———适用于贫的高压天然气的烃露点控制。

c .天然气同时脱水和净化。

d .含H 2S 的天然气脱水,当H 2S 溶解在甘醇中引起再生气的排放问题时。

e .LPG 和NG L 脱水同时要脱除微量的硫化物(H 2S,COS,CS 2,硫醇)时。

1　分子筛脱水工艺流程目前天然气工业用的脱水吸附器主要是固定床吸附塔,为保证装置连续操作,至少需要两个吸附塔。

SolidWorks插件介绍

SolidWorks插件介绍

SolidWorks插件介绍Many novice confuse between SW and its plug-ins, here briefly introduce, SW is in the 3 d design software, because of its simple, easy to learn, a wide range of use! SW company and other companies in order to extend the functionality of a powerful SW for SW "tailored" a lot of practical tool, can be convenient for engineering design, analysis, improve the efficiency and accuracy. Here are some introductions!Note: there are software that is fully integrated with SolidWorks, and SolidWorks will be shipped when the installation is complete! You can find it in "tools" and "plugins"!SolidWorks's plug-ins and integration softwareSolidWorksThe photoworks advanced rendering software is fully integrated with SolidWorksPhotoworks software products used in the real effect of rendering, in order to produce the renderings of senior, the software is very convenient to use, designers can use wizard to complete parts or assembling a true effect of rendering.Using photoworks for the following rendering:Set the material and texture of the model or surfaceMap the surface of the partsDefine light sources, reflectivity, transparency and background imagesUse existing materials and textures to define new textures or texturesImages can be sent to a screen or fileYou can render in real timeFeatureworks feature recognition software is fully integrated with SolidWorksMost 3d design software provides data interfaces that can be read into standard format data files such as iges, eat, etc. But the model input into the design environment is only a model of the entity, unable to distinguish the characteristics of the input model, and the modification of the model is very inconvenient.Using featureworks, you can identify the entity characteristics of the input in the parts file of SolidWorks. When the entity model is identified, it exists in SolidWorks in the form of features and is identical to the features generated by SolidWorks software. Featureworks intelligently processes the static transformation files to get useful information, reducing the time spent rebuilding the model.Featureworks is best suited to the machining contour and sheet metal features of the rule, including features such asstretching, rotation, hole and drawing.Tensile features, characterized by lines, circles, or arcsRotating characteristics of a cylinder or cone shapeAll hole features include simple holes, threaded holes and step holesCramping and plucking modelsWait for the rounded cornersAnimator is fully integrated with SolidWorks, an easy-to-use animation softwareInteractive animation products will SolidWorks 3 d model to implement dynamic visualization, film assembly process simulation, simulated disassembly process of product design and product simulation operation process, so as to realize a dynamic design.Animator has the following features:The animator is seamlessly integrated with SolidWorks and photoworks software to make full use of SolidWorks's physical model and photoworks rendering capabilities.Using the animation wizard, it is very easy to animate SolidWorks parts or assemblies.Explode or remove explosion animations to show the assembly of parts in the assembly.Rotate around the model or make the model 360 degrees. You can view the design model from different angles.Use professional lighting control and add material for parts and features to produce high quality animation effects.You can send avi format animation files directly by E-mail, speed up the communication of design ideas, and shorten the design cycle.Piping design software integrated with SolidWorksPiping is a powerful pipeline design software that can automate piping design tasks. The pipe is used primarily for industries involving gas or liquid transportation, which can efficiently conduct piping design and piping assembly.The pipeline is designed to optimize the piping design of the gas and liquid transmission equipment, and can make full use of SolidWorks's unique functions and flexibility.Convenient and automatic piping design. There are several characteristics and functions of the piping.Automatically complete the piping design, the design efficiency is greatly improvedThe assembly and modification of pipes are very simple, and canbe easily accomplished by dragging and pasting/copying operations.Provide standard piping accessories.You can automatically select reasonable plumbing fittings.Automatic removal and management by accurate calculation.The pipe is automatically plugged in.Generate custom pipe joints when the Angle of turn deviates from the standard Angle.Quickly complete the assembly of pipe joints by means of intelligent assembly/coordination.Toolbox is fully integrated with SolidWorks's smart standard parts libraryToolbox provides standard library of standard parts such as iso and din. Use of standard parts library, the designers do not need to modeling of standard parts, directly used in assembling drag operation can be specified in the corresponding position of the assembly model types and specifications of the standard specified.Designers can also use toolbox to simply select the parameters of the required standard parts to automatically generate the parts.The standard parts provided by toolbox and design features include the following.Bearing and bearing service life calculation.Bolts and bolts and nuts.Cylinder pin.The washer and the washer.Spring and press spring.6. Pem plug-in.Use fixtures.The calculation of the aluminum section and the steel section beams.CAM, chain drive and belt drive design.E-project (professional) electronic engineering diagram, the first tool to communicate via E-mail is fully integrated with SolidWorksUsing SolidWorks's e-programming software, the project can be exported to an electronic engineering drawing format (e -), and communicate design ideas quickly and clearly. After the project diagram is printed out in e-format, no need to open the model file to view the design of the part directly.The e-engineering diagram software has several functions in the following aspects.View virtual folding can be used to arrange views in any part of the view by the designer's custom.The view hyperlink USES the automatic navigation of the view, clicking the view annotation, and positioning it directly to the view that needs to be looked up.A three-dimensional pointer can easily look at the location of an outline in a different view.Animation shows the relationship between the project graph view in the animation form, and the e-task can dynamically demonstrate the projection of all views in the engineering diagram.Super compressed file e-files make up less space and are easy to send via E-mail.The built-in browser doesn't need additional cad software or a special browser, and you can browse the e-files file under windwos.Surfaceworks surface helperSurfaceworks is a supplement to the SolidWorks surface modeling feature. When building a model in SolidWorks, using the edges, surfaces, or points of the existing model can be used directlyin surfaceworks to generate the surface of a particular request. The surface generated in surfaceworks is automatically entered into the current model when the saved parts are returned to SolidWorks in surfaceworks software. The model of complex surface can be established by using the surface of the input to make the current model.Geartrax gear and gear design softwareGeartrax is mainly used for automatic precision gear design and the design of the gear pair, by specifying the type of gear, gear modulus and the number of teeth, pressure Angle and other relevant parameters, geartrax can automatically generate the precise tooth profile of gear.The types of gears that can be designed include straight gears, helical gear and bevel gears, sprocket, gear wheel, worm gear and worm gear, spline, v belt gear, etc. The main features and functions are as follows:Real precision involute profile, the involute profile can be imported into SolidWorks sketch.The displacement is calculated automatically.3.Support plastic gear design standard.All parameters of the gear can be controlled by the user.Support for metric module standards.Pdmworks is easy to establish and use working group level product data management systemsMoldbase provides you with standard modules3d instant website - real-time product launchSolidWorks plug-inEngineering analysis (cae)Simulation/works finite elementSimulation/works - engineers design analysis toolsSimulation/motion analysisSimulation/motion - 3d motion Simulation softwareSimulation/floworks fluid analysisSimulation/floworks - fluid dynamics and thermal conduction analysis softwareSimulation/m professional analysisSimulation/m (summary)Simulation/m-geostar fem processingSimulation/m-star stress and displacement analysis Simulation/m-dstar instability and frequency analysis Simulation/m-astar dynamic response analysisSimulation/m-nstar nonlinear analysisSimulation/m-optstar design optimizationSimulation/m-fstar fatigue analysisSimulation/m-hstar heat conduction analysisSimulation/m-estar electromagnetic analysisSimulation/m-hfs high-frequency analysisSimulation/m-ffe fast fem technologySimulation/m-data transformationSimulation/m-standard materials warehouseSimulation/works by structurral research and analysis corporation (hereinafter referred to as srac) developed by the products of the company, the company's research success, limited rapid algorithms to use SolidWorks to design the parts of the entity to stress and deformation, thermal effect, the vibration frequency, magnetic properties, fluid, power and soon many engineering analysis, optimization design and nonlinear analysis, shorten the time needed for the design and improve the design quality and reduce the design cost, at present, is a popular computer aided engineering analysis (cae) software.Motionworks three-dimensional motion simulation software, allowing engineers through a virtual product model easily assembly simulation of complex movement, guarantee the accurate design, product design in line error.The axalant product lifecycle management software (PLM) allows SolidWorks users to easily manage and archive SolidWorks objects, such as two-dimensional, 3d models, and parts.Splitworks design software allows SolidWorks users to accelerate the design process.Type3works engraving software, allowing the SolidWorks user characteristics to engrave in SolidWorks parts and related logo, symbols, text enables users to decorate personalized industrial components, so that the design of the product message more effectively.Nc machining (CAM)camworksCamworks - efficient entity digital processingprocamProcam - multi-axis professional CNC machiningOther software productsEmbassyworks is based on SolidWorks' wiring software Embassyworks - automatic wiring software based on SolidWorksCircuit works generates three-dimensional circuit boards in SolidWorks based on ecad softwareIpa -- product interaction animationIpa product interaction animation。

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