托业阅读常考词汇大收集(3)
托业高频背诵单词
托业高频背诵单词以下是托业考试中常见的高频背诵单词：1. accommodation 住宿2. accurate 精确的3. advertisement 广告4. advantage 优势5. affordable 负担得起的6. airfare 机票费7. aisle 通道8. annual 每年的9. application 应用10. appointment 商定11. arrival 到达12. baggage 行李13. battery 电池14. behavior 行为15. bilingual 双语的16. board 登机17. booking 预订18. branch 分公司19. brochure 小册子20. budget 预算21. business 业务22. cancel 取消23. candidate 候选人24. career 职业第1页/共6页25. certificate 证书26. challenging 具有挑战性的27. circumstances 状况28. claim 恳求29. clerk 职员30. coach 教练31. collision 碰撞32. committee 委员会33. communication 沟通34. compensation 补偿35. competition 竞争36. complaint 埋怨37. congress 国会38. construction 建筑39. convenient 便利的40. corporation 公司41. credit 信用42. curriculum 课程43. customer 顾客44. deadline 截止日期45. decrease 削减46. dedicated 专注的47. degree 学位48. delivery 交货49. delegate 代表50. demonstrate 呈现51. department 部门52. discount 折扣53. document 文件54. donation 捐赠55. due 到期的56. duration 持续时间57. economical 经济的58. effectiveness 有效性59. efficiency 效率60. embassy 大使馆61. emergency 紧急状况62. employee 雇员63. enhance 提高64. ensure 确保65. equipment 设备66. establish 建立67. evaluate 评估68. exhibit 展览品69. expense 费用70. experience 阅历71. explain 解释72. explanation 说明73. facilities 设施74. familiar 生疏的75. feature 特色76. fitness 健身77. flexibility 机敏性78. fluent 流利的79. forecast 猜测80. formal 正式的81. furniture 家具82. graduate 毕业生第3页/共6页83. guarantee 保证84. headquarters 总部85. hospitality 款待86. implement 实施87. improve 改进88. incentive 刺激89. increase 增加90. indicate 表示91. inform 通知92. inherit 继承93. inquiries 询问94. insurance 保险95. invest 投资96. invitation 邀请97. issue 发布98. judge 推断99. launch 放射100. leadership 领导力101. leisure 休闲102. luggage 行李103. maintenance 维护104. major 主修105. malfunction 故障106. management 管理107. manufacture 制造108. marketing 市场营销109. merchandise 商品110. negotiate 谈判111. negotiation 谈判112. obtain 获得113. occupy 占据114. offer 供应115. operations 运营116. opportunity 机会117. optional 可选的118. outstanding 杰出的119. overlook 忽视120. participate 参与121. permanent 永久的122. perspective 角度123. postpone 延期124. potential 潜力125. previous 之前的126. privacy 隐私127. promotion 推广128. prospect 前景129. provide 供应130. publication 出版物131. punctual 准时的132. quality 质量133. quantity 数量134. questionnaire 问卷135. range 范围136. recommend 推举137. regulation 规定138. reinforce 加强139. reject 拒绝第5页/共6页140. reliable 牢靠的141. repair 修理142. replace 替换143. representative 代表144. request 恳求145. requirement 要求146. reservation 预定147. resign 辞职148. retire 退休149. salary 工资150. schedule 时间表以上是托业考试中常见的高频背诵单词，期望对你的备考有所挂念！。
TOEIC托业词汇汇总(完整版
千里之行，始于足下。
TOEIC托业词汇汇总(完整版TOEIC托业词汇是指在托业考试中可能出现的词汇，这些词汇主要涵盖了商务和日常生活场景中的词汇。
下面是TOEIC托业词汇的一些常见分类和词汇汇总。
1. 事务管理：administration, agenda, appointment, briefing, conference, deadline, document, expense, file, inventory, memo, negotiation, policy, procedure, proposal, report, resource, schedule, task, transaction, workflow等。
2. 商务通信：correspondence, email, fax, memo, message, memo, notice, report, survey, terms, contract, agreement, proposal, invoice, confirmation, order, shipment, reservation等。
3. 人事管理：candidate, career, employee, employer, evaluation, goal, hiring, interview, job, promotion, recruit, resume, salary, staff, team等。
4. 财务和会计：asset, balance, budget, cash, cost, debt, earnings, expense, income, investment, liability, profit, revenue, tax, transaction等。
5. 销售和市场营销：advertisement, brand, campaign, competition, customer, market, promotion, sales, strategy, target, trade等。
托业考试（TOEIC）阅读高频词汇总结
托业考试(TOEIC)阅读高频词汇总结托业考试又要来了，你们准备好了吗？下面是小编给大家总结的托业考试阅读高频词汇，考前可以冲刺一下。
托业考试(TOEIC)阅读高频词汇(一)adjust——To change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond修改=alter To adjust (a garment) for a better fit修改adjoining—— Neighboring; contiguous接临的=neighboring adaptation—— Something， such as a device or mechanism，that is changed or changes so as to become suitable to a new or special application or situation改装=modificationacute—— Extremely sharp or severe; intense强烈的=intense Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating聪明的=sharpaccustomed—— Being in the habit of习惯的=used toaccumulate—— T o gather or pile up; amass收集，堆集;积累=collectaccompany—— To be or go with as a companion陪伴=travel withaccompaniment—— Something， such as a situation， that accompanies something else; a concomitant伴随状况伴随发生的事物=attendant An accompanying thing or circumstance; a concomitant伴随物伴随的事物或情况;伴随物accommodate—— To provide for; supply with提供住处;供应=lodge To provide with temporary quarters，especially for sleeping提供住处acclaimed——To be praised enthusiastically and often publicly; applauded喝彩地，赞赏地=praisedaccelerate—— To cause to develop or progress more quickly 使加快=increasedabundance—— Fullness to overflowing丰富=profusion Thestate of being profuse; abundance丰富absurd——Ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable荒诞的，荒.唐的=preposterous Contrary to nature，reason，or common sense; absurd荒谬的abandon—— To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit，especially as a result of danger or other impending threat离弃=give upawareness——shavingsknowledge or cognizance意识到的或认识到的=realizationavailable—— Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible 可用的现实可用的;手边的;可获得的=accessibleattribute—— A quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to someone or something品质、属性=characteristic，traitattire——Clothing or array; apparel服装、盛装;服饰=clothingattach—— To fasten， secure， or join系，贴或连接=fasten，stick toassortment—— A collection of various kinds; a variety多种多样=varietyastonishing—— Filling with sudden wonder or amazement 惊奇的，奇怪的=startlingastounding——T o be astonishing and bewildering震惊极为惊讶和迷惑不解=surprisingassemble——To bring or call togethersintosasgroupsor whole召集集合=gatheringascend—— To slope upward爬坡倾斜而上=climb ofascribe to——assume to be truearduous—— Demanding great effort or labor; difficult困难的=difficult，Testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous艰苦的=strenuous Requiring great effort， energy， or exertion艰巨的arid——Lacking moisture，especiallyshavingsinsufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants干旱的缺乏水分=dry aptly——Exactly suitable; appropriately合适的=appropriatelyapproach—— To come near or nearer， as in space or time 接近靠近=nearappeal—— The power of attracting or of arousing interest吸引力=attractionapart from—— With the exception of; besides除…外;除…外还=except foranonymous——shavingsan unknown or unacknowledged name匿名的=unknownannually—— Recurring， done， or performed every year; yearly每年的=yearlyannihilate——To defeat decisively; vanquish战胜=conquer To defeat or subdue by force， especially by force of arms征服alloy—— To combine; mix融合;混合=blend， mixaltitude—— The height of a thing above a reference level，especially above sea level or above the earth's surface高度=elevationaffluent—— Generously supplied with money， property，or possessions; prosperous or rich富裕的=wealthyafflict—— To inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on 折磨=problemaffect—— To have or show a liking for喜欢=fondnessaesthetically——Artistically有艺术的，在艺术上的=artisticallyadverse—— Acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic敌对的=oppose， illadversely——harmfully or unfavorable有害的或不利的=negatively Marked by or exhibiting features， such as hostility，that cannot be deemed positive or constructive反面的advocate——One that argues for a cause; a supporter or defender支持者或保护者=proponent To speak， plead， or argue in favor of拥护演说=urge， preachadorn—— T o lend beauty to; decorate使美观为…增添美;装饰=decorateadopt—— To take on or assume采取采用或接受=take on托业阅读考试(TOEIC)高频词汇(二)brilliance——The state or quality of being brilliant光辉=radiantboundary—— Something that indicates a border or limit边界=dividing linebreach—— A violation or infraction， as of a law， a legal obligation， or a promise破坏，违犯=violationboost——To increase; raise增加;拔高;To raise or lift by pushing up from behind or below推、举=raiseblend——T o combine (varieties or grades) to obtain a mixture of a particular character， quality， or consistency把…掺在一起混合=combine， mixbizarre—— Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd古怪的=oddbias—— A preference or an inclination， especially one that inhibits impartial judgment偏见=prejudicebeam—— A ray or shaft of light光柱，光束=raybe characterized by——distinguishbarren—— Lacking vegetation， especially useful vegetation 不毛的=infertilebalmy—— Mild and pleasant温和的=mildcomprise—— To consist of; be composed of由…构成=consist of ，make upconception—— Something conceived in the mind; a concept，plan，design，idea，or thought概念、计划、设计或思想=notion A mental image or representation; an idea or conception 心理形象或象征;想法或构思composed of ——To create or produce (a literary or musical piece)创作或制作=createcomponent—— A constituent element， as of a system组成要素=element， partcomparable—— Similar or equivalent相似或相当=similarcompile——To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources汇编=put togethecommunity—— Society as a whole; the public作为整体的社会;大众。
托业英语常考的重点词汇.doc
托业英语常考的重点词汇托业旅游英语词汇1.baggage claim 行李提领处2.breathtaking 惊人的;惊艳的;惊险的3.carry-on 登机行李;手提行李4.concierge 管理员;门房5.cruise 乘船游览6.deluxe 豪华的;高级的7.destination 目的地8.exotic 异国风情的;异国的9.fasten 系紧;拴住;扣住10.flight attendant 空中服务员11.jet lag 时差12.luggage 行李13.metal detector 金属探测器14.overseas 在海外的，国外的(注意一般使用时都有s) 英语托业商业书信单词1.affirm 坚称;声明;断言;确认2.asap=as soon as possible 越快越好3.banner 标语;旗帜4.circular 广告;传单;通告position 写作;作品;作文;作曲6.convene 集合;聚集;开会7.courier 递送急件的信差;邮物专递公司8.draft 草稿;汇票9.enclose 装入;放入封套rm 通知;告知11.issue 流出;放出;发行;发布yout 规划;设计;编排13.legible (字迹)可以辨认的;易读的14.postage 邮资托业词汇广告类1.advertisement 广告2.appendix 附录3.attach 贴上;附上;附加4.campaign 战役;竞选活动;宣传活动5.cohesive 有粘着力的;有结合力的;凝聚性的6.confidential 秘密的;机密的7.correspondence 通信;信件8.dictate 口述;支配;命令9.elaborate 详尽说明;详尽的;精心制作的10.forward 转寄;发送11.inquire 调查;询问12.jot down 略记下;匆匆记下13.leaflet 传单14.notify 通知;告知。
托业考试词汇
托业考试词汇托业考试精选词汇引导语：托业考试精选词汇，由应届毕业培训网整理而成，谢谢您的阅读。
一、办公室用语1.appointment 约会,约定2.attendance 出席人数;出席3.cabinet 橱柜4.calendar 日历;月历;行事历5.clerk 办事员,书记6.directory 人名住址薄7.duplicate 复制;副本8.filing 归档9.in-tray 待处理文件盒10.monitor 检测;监视;追踪11.out-tray 已处理文件盒12.partition 分隔;分隔物(如墙壁等)13.postage 邮费14.punctuality 准时;守时15.schedule 时间表;计划表16.shift 换班;轮班;值班17.staff 全体职员18.strike 罢工19.task 工作,任务20.work force 工作人员;劳动人口21.assignment 分配;工作,分派22.bulletin 公报;告示;定期报告书23.calculator 计算器24.carbon copy 用复写纸复制的.副本25.colleague 同事,同僚26.document 文件,证件27.extension 分机(电话) ;延期28.intercom 对讲机29.memo 便条;便笺;备忘录30.operator 接线生31.overtime 加班的时间32.portfolio 作品夹,公事包33.printed matter 印刷品34.receptionist 接待员35.secretary 秘书36.shorthand 速记,速记法37.stapler 订书机38.tardy 迟缓;迟到的;迟延的39.typist 打字员40.xerox 影印二、商业信函1.account 交易对象2.close a deal 成交3.make a contract 签约4.break a contract 毁约5.exhibition 展示会6.presentation 发布会7.bilateral trade 双边贸易8.car shipment 汽车出口9.collapse 决裂10.dumping 倾销11.embargo 禁止通商12.fiscal year 会计年度13.gain compliance 获得承认14.grant 无偿帮助15.import duties 进口关税16.make concession 让步17.margin 盈余18.loss 损失19.official statistics 官方统计20.quotations 报价21.references 照会对象22.self-restraint 自我设限23.terms 支付条款24.trade deficit 贸易赤字25.trade surplus 贸易盈余26.untied loan 自由融资27.World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织(WTO)28.telephone bill 电话账单三、商业合约1.affiliation 附属2.annual wage increase 年薪调升3.call for 要求4.collective bargaining 集体交涉5.contract 合同6.convention 大会7.cooperation 合作8.coordination 协调9.employee 雇员10.employer 雇工bor 劳工bor accident 劳工事故bor contract 用工合同14.management 经营者bor-management struggle 劳资斗争16.penal regulation 惩罚规则17.proposal 提议18.protest 抗议19.reach an agreement 达成协议20.stage a strike 发起罢工21.terms of contract 合同条款22.wage 实施23.the Japanese Trade Union Confederation 日本劳工团体联盟24.the right to strike 罢工权25.the right to work 工作权26.wage dispute 薪金争议27.working hours 工作时间四、招聘&求职1.occupation 职位2.vacancy 空位3.business office 办公室4.pay 待遇5.leave 休假6.head office 总公司7.branch office 分公司8.sales department 业务部9.accounting department 会计部10.promotion 升迁11.demotion 降级12.sign up 签雇用合约13.dismissal 解雇14.president 董事长15.general manager 总经理16.supervisor 总管17.a letter of recommendation 推荐信18.bonus 分红mute 通勤20.Applications must arrive no later than 申请函必须在……之前到达21.Applications should be postmarked no latter than 申请函上邮戳在……之前有效22.inflation-linked pay increase 通货膨胀连动型调薪23.is considered 是可考虑得24.is preferred 认为……比较好25.is required 是必须的26.is negotiable 是可商谈的bor management 劳工管理bor market 劳工市场29.Master of Business Administration 工商管理学硕士(MBA)s of reference 保证人31.opening 空缺32.part-time position 兼职工作33.prior experience 过去的经历34.renewable for only once 仅可延长一次的合同35.salary is competitive 高薪36.transit 中转37.transportation 运输38.the position is un-renewable 此职位无法延长(合同)39.short-listed applicants 初审合格者40.inter-office memo 公司内部便条41.billboard 告示牌。
202X年托业考试阅读高频词汇总结整理
千里之行，始于足下。
202X年托业考试阅读高频词汇总结整理202X年托业考试阅读部分是考察考生对于英语阅读能力的考试，其中词汇的认识和运用是非常重要的一部分。
本文将根据历年考试的情况，总结整理出一些高频词汇，希望能够对考生有所帮助。
一、高频动词1. analyze（分析）2. evaluate（评估）3. interpret（解释）4. illustrate（说明）5. demonstrate（演示）6. propose（提出）7. implement（实施）8. establish（建立）9. identify（识别）10. indicate（指示）二、高频名词1. strategy（策略）2. approach（方法）3. advantage（优势）4. disadvantage（劣势）5. solution（解决办法）6. analysis（分析）7. recommendation（建议）8. impact（影响）9. development（发展）第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。
10. significance（重要性）三、高频形容词1. efficient（高效的）2. effective（有效的）3. crucial（关键的）4. significant（重要的）5. various（各种各样的）6. potential（潜在的）7. inevitable（不可避免的）8. considerable（相当大的）9. essential（必要的）10. valuable（有价值的）四、高频副词1. gradually（逐渐地）2. significantly（显著地）3. frequently（经常地）4. essentially（本质上）5. precisely（精确地）6. initially（最初）7. specifically（具体地）8. consequently（因此）9. ultimately（最终）10. separately（分别）五、其他高频词汇1. data（数据）2. trend（趋势）3. statistics（统计数据）千里之行，始于足下。
托业考试必背词汇及单词
托业考试必背词汇及单词对于托业考试，建议考生准备一些常见的英语词汇和单词，以便在阅读、听力和写作等部分能够更好地理解和应对。
以下是一些托业考试中常见的必备词汇和单词：1. 常见动词，achieve, analyze, collaborate, demonstrate, evaluate, implement, negotiate, organize, prioritize, recommend, supervise等。
2. 常见名词，analysis, communication, efficiency, investment, opportunity, performance, strategy, technology, competition, development, innovation等。
3. 常见形容词，effective, efficient, innovative, flexible, reliable, strategic, competitive, diverse, potential, significant, successful等。
4. 常见副词，accurately, actively, effectively, efficiently, frequently, globally, rapidly, significantly, successfully, ultimately等。
5. 常见连词，furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, therefore, whereas, in addition, on the other hand, as a result, consequently等。
此外，建议考生还应该熟悉一些常用的商务英语词汇，比如会议、市场营销、财务、人力资源等方面的词汇，以及与行业相关的专业术语，这些都有可能在托业考试中出现。
TOEIC托业词汇汇总完整版
TOEIC托业词汇汇总完整版TOEIC（Test of English for International Communication）托业考试是为衡量非英语母语国家人士在国际商务交流中的英语能力而设计的考试。
在TOEIC考试中，词汇量是一个重要的考核指标。
本文将为您提供TOEIC考试的词汇汇总完整版，以帮助您备考。
1. 旅行（Travel）1.1 交通工具（Transportation）- airplane 飞机- train 火车- bus 公共汽车- subway 地铁- taxi 出租车- car 汽车- bike 自行车- boat 船1.2 旅游景点（Tourist Attractions）- museum 博物馆- monument 纪念碑- park 公园- beach 海滩- mountain 山- waterfall 瀑布- castle 城堡- temple 寺庙2. 餐饮（Food）2.1 饮料（Beverages）- water 水- coffee 咖啡- tea 茶- juice 果汁- soda 可乐- milk 牛奶- beer 啤酒- wine 葡萄酒2.2 食物类型（Food Categories）- fruit 水果- vegetable 蔬菜- meat 肉类- seafood 海鲜- pasta 意大利面- bread 面包- rice 米饭- dessert 甜点3. 工作（Work）3.1 公司职务（Job Positions）- manager 经理- director 主管- assistant 助理- accountant 会计师- engineer 工程师- salesperson 销售员- secretary 秘书- consultant 顾问3.2 办公用品（Office Supplies）- computer 电脑- printer 打印机- telephone 电话- desk 桌子- chair 椅子- pen 笔- paper 纸- file 文件4. 购物（Shopping）4.1 店铺（Shops）- supermarket 超市- clothing store 服装店- electronics store 电子产品店- bookstore 书店- pharmacy 药店- jewelry store 珠宝店- toy store 玩具店- shoe store 鞋店4.2 商品（Products）- clothes 衣服- electronics 电子产品- books 书籍- medicine 药品- accessories 饰品- toys 玩具- shoes 鞋子- groceries 杂货5. 教育（Education）5.1 学校科目（School Subjects）- math 数学- science 科学- history 历史- geography 地理- English 英语- art 艺术- music 音乐- physical education 体育5.2 教育机构（Educational Institutions）- university 大学- college 学院- high school 高中- middle school 中学- elementary school 小学- language school 语言学校- vocational school 职业学校- kindergarten 幼儿园以上是TOEIC托业考试中常见的词汇汇总完整版。
托业核心词汇
托业核心词汇应急状况：1. Accidents - 事故2. Emergency - 紧急状况3. Evacuation - 撤离4. Fire - 火灾5. Flood - 洪水6. Hazard - 危急7. Injury - 受伤8. Rescue - 救援9. Safety - 平安10. Security - 平安职业：11. Accountant - 会计师12. Architect - 建筑师13. Chef - 厨师14. Engineer - 工程师15. Lawyer - 律师16. Nurse - 护士17. Pilot - 飞行员18. Teacher - 老师19. Translator - 翻译20. Writer - 作家第1页/共9页商务：21. Advertisement - 广告22. Budget - 预算23. Conference - 会议24. Customer - 客户25. Market - 市场26. Negotiation - 谈判27. Partnership - 合作伙伴关系28. Presentation - 演讲29. Product - 产品30. Sales - 销售旅游：31. Accommodation - 住宿32. Attractions - 景点33. Guide - 导游34. Passport - 护照35. Reservation - 预订36. Sightseeing - 观光37. Ticket - 票38. Tour - 旅行39. Travel - 旅游40. Visa - 签证餐饮：41. Beverage - 饮料42. Breakfast - 早餐43. Dinner - 晚餐44. Food - 食物45. Lunch - 午餐46. Menu - 菜单47. Restaurant - 餐厅48. Service - 服务49. Snack - 小吃50. Waiter - 服务员购物：51. Cash - 现金52. Discount - 折扣53. Mall - 商场54. Payment - 付款55. Price - 价格56. Receipt - 收据57. Sale - 销售58. Shopping - 购物59. Store - 商店60. Wallet - 钱包教育：61. Classroom - 教室62. College - 学院63. Degree - 学位64. Homework - 家庭作业65. Library - 图书馆第3页/共9页66. Professor - 教授67. Research - 争辩68. School - 学校69. Student - 同学70. Teacher - 老师健康：71. Appointment - 预约72. Doctor - 医生73. Exercise - 熬炼74. Healthcare - 医疗保健75. Medicine - 药物76. Patient - 患者77. Pharmacy - 药店78. Prescription - 处方79. Treatment - 治疗80. Wellness - 健康科技：81. Computer - 计算机82. Digital - 数字化的83. Internet - 互联网84. Mobile - 移动的85. Network - 网络86. Software - 软件87. Technology - 技术88. Update - 更新89. Website - 网站90. Wireless - 无线的金融：91. Bank - 银行92. Credit - 信用93. Currency - 货币94. Investment - 投资95. Loan - 贷款96. Money - 钱97. Mortgage - 抵押贷款98. Saving - 储蓄99. Stock - 股票100. Transaction - 交易环境：101. Climate - 气候102. Conservation - 爱护103. Energy - 能源104. Environmental - 环境的105. Pollution - 污染106. Recycling - 回收107. Renewable - 可再生的108. Sustainability - 可持续性109. Waste - 废物110. Water - 水交通：第5页/共9页111. Airplane - 飞机112. Bus - 公共汽车113. Car - 汽车114. Driver - 司机115. License - 驾驶执照116. Parking - 停车117. Public - 公共的118. Subway - 地铁119. Traffic - 交通120. Train - 火车媒体：121. Article - 文章122. Blog - 博客123. Celebrity - 名人124. Editor - 编辑125. Entertainment - 消遣126. Journalist - 新闻记者127. Magazine - 杂志128. News - 新闻129. Social - 社交130. Television - 电视家庭：131. Brother - 兄弟132. Child - 孩子133. Daughter - 女儿134. Father - 父亲135. Husband - 丈夫136. Mother - 母亲137. Parent - 父母138. Sister - 姐妹139. Son - 儿子140. Wife - 妻子体育：141. Athlete - 运动员142. Coach - 教练143. Competition - 竞赛144. Exercise - 熬炼145. Fitness - 健身146. Game - 玩耍147. Soccer - 足球148. Sports - 运动149. Team - 团队150. Winner - 获胜者时间：151. Anniversary - 周年纪念日152. Calendar - 日历153. Clock - 钟154. Date - 日期155. Day - 天156. Hour - 小时第7页/共9页157. Minute - 分钟158. Month - 月159. Schedule - 日程支配160. Year - 年数字与统计：161. Average - 平均162. Data - 数据163. Increase - 增加164. Percentage - 百分比165. Report - 报告166. Statistics - 统计167. Survey - 调查168. Trend - 趋势169. Unit - 单位170. Value - 值其他：171. Ability - 力量172. Challenge - 挑战173. Culture - 文化174. Language - 语言175. Opportunity - 机会176. Problem - 问题177. Quality - 质量178. Solution - 解决方案179. Skill - 技能180. Success - 成功以上是托业考试中常见的1500个核心词汇。
托业必备词汇
托业必备词汇 引导语：要过托业考试，词汇量是必不可少的，下⾯是店铺整理的关于托业考试必背的部分词汇，希望⼤家喜欢。
describe [dɪ'skraɪb] vt.1.描写，形容2.画出(图形等) scribe,script来⾃拉丁⽂scribere=to write 及其过去分词scriptus。
script / skript / n.1.剧本,⼴播稿 2.⽂字体系 3.笔记,⼿迹 scriptwriter ['skrɪptraɪtə] n.电影剧本作者，⼴播节⽬撰稿者 scribble ['skrɪb(ə)l] n.1.潦草的写法, 潦草写成的东西 2.没有意义的记号和线条 v.潦草地写, 乱写, 乱涂 ascribe [ə'skraɪb] vt.(to)1.把…归因于2.把…归属于 description [dɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n] n.1.描写，形容2.种类，性质 inscription [ɪn'skrɪpʃ(ə)n] n.铭⽂,碑⽂,题字 manuscript ['mænjʊskrɪpt] n.1.⼿稿,原稿,底稿 2.⼿写本 prescribe [prɪ'skraɪb] vt.1.开(药),吩咐采⽤(某种疗法) 2.规定,指定 prescript ['priːskrɪpt] n.规则，规定，命令 prescription [prɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n] n.1.处⽅,药⽅ 2. (医⽣开的)药 3.开处⽅,开药⽅ 4.计划，建议，秘诀 subscribe [səb'skraɪb] vt.1.捐助,赞助 2.(for)认购(公司股份等) 3.签名,签字 subscription [səb'skrɪpʃ(ə)n] n. 1.订购，捐献，订阅 2.签署，同意 3.订阅费，会员费，⽤户费，捐助⾦ de-,di-来⾃拉丁副词de(=down; away; not; fully)。
托业考试阅读高频词汇总结一托业.1500字
千里之行，始于足下。
托业考试阅读高频词汇总结一托业.1500字托业考试阅读部分是考察考生对英语文章的阅读能力和理解能力。
在准备托业考试阅读部分的过程中，掌握一些高频词汇对提升阅读效果很有帮助。
下面是一些托业考试阅读高频词汇总结。
1. Analyze - 分析2. Approach - 方法，途径3. Argument - 论点，争论4. Assess - 评估，评价5. Assume - 假设，假定6. Audience - 听众，观众7. Benefit - 利益，好处8. Challenge - 挑战9. Claim - 声称，要求10. Confirm - 确认11. Context - 上下文，背景12. Contrast - 对比13. Contribute - 贡献，捐助14. Define - 定义15. Demonstrate - 展示，证明16. Determine - 确定，决定17. Devote - 投入，奉献18. Effective - 有效的19. Emphasize - 强调20. Establish - 建立，确立21. Evidence - 证据22. Examine - 检查，审查第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。
23. Explain - 解释24. Explore - 探索25. Factor - 因素26. Identify - 确认，识别27. Impact - 影响28. Implication - 含义，影响29. Incentive - 激励，刺激30. Indicate - 表示，指示31. Influence - 影响32. Innovation - 创新33. Insight - 洞察力34. Interpret - 解释，诠释35. Issue - 问题，议题36. Observe - 观察，观测37. Obtain - 获得38. Objective - 客观的，目标39. Option - 选项，选择40. Organize - 组织，安排41. Participate - 参与42. Perceive - 察觉，感知43. Perspective - 角度，观点44. Predict - 预测45. Prefer - 更喜欢46. Previous - 以前的，先前的47. Principle - 原则，原理48. Process - 过程，方法49. Promote - 促进，推广50. Propose - 提议，建议51. Provide - 提供52. Quantitative - 数量的，定量的千里之行，始于足下。
托业考试词汇
托业考试词汇托业考业业业1.advertisement 广告2.appendix 附业3.attach 业上～附上～附加4.campaign 业役～业业活业～宣业活业5.cohesive 有粘着力的～有业合力的～凝聚性的6.confidential 秘密的～机密的7.correspondence 通信～信件8.dictate 口述～支配～命令9.elaborate 业业明～业的～精心制作的尽尽10.forward 业寄～业送11.inquire 业业～业业12.jot down 略业下～业下匆匆13.leaflet 业业14.notify 通知～告知15.promote 业业～晋升～促业16.publicity 公业～宣业～人皆知尽17.response 回业18.revise 修业～修改～校业19.slogan 口～业业号20.urgent 业急的～急迫的交通业业业运1.accelerate 加速～促业～前业2.aircraft 业机～业行器～航空器3.arrival 到～抵达达4.buckle up 系安全业5.cargo 业物6.convertible 敞业篷7.crash landing 迫降8.delay 担业～延业9.forbid 禁止10.ground crew 地勤人业11.jaywalk 不遵守交通业业穿越业路～业业灯unch 业射～业始13.navigate 航行～业业14.pilot 业行业15.route 路～路业径16.seat belt 安全业17.subway 地业;注意分区highway,freeway,metro,18.taxicab 业程业19.transit 运业～通业20.vehicle 交通工具～业业1.acrophobia 恐高症2.airliner 大型客机3.aviation 业行～航空学4.cabin 小屋～客业～机业muter 通勤者6.converance 运业～交通工具7.crossroads 十字路口8.ferry 渡业9.freight 业～业物运10.intersection11.jeopardy 业业～危业～危业12.life vest 救生衣13.pedestrian 行人～步行者14.restriction 限制～业束15.runway 业机道跑16.shortcut 近路～捷径17.take off 起业18.timetable 业业表～业刻表19.transport 运运业～交通工具～业系20.via 业由～借由业物业业1.affordable 业的起的担2.bazaar 市业～集市3.client 业客～委托人4.customer 业客～客业5.discount 折扣6.distributor 供业商～业业商7.expiration 业业～期业8.itemize 业业列业～分列业条test 最新的10.neon sign 霓虹招牌灯11.pickpocket 扒手12.pushcart 手推业13.receipt 收据14.reimburse 业业～业业15.request 业求～要求16.sample 业品～业本17.solicit 业求～业求～祈求18.trendy 业的～流行的髦19.VIP=very important person 业业20.wholesale 批业的～批业地1.bargain 便宜业～廉价品2.cash register 手业机3.coupon 折价券～业业券4.defective 有毛病的～有业业的～有瑕疵的5.display 业列～展示品6.drugstore 兼业业业的业房7.flea market 跳蚤市业bel 业业～业业9.modify 修改～业更10.patron 业客～业助人11.purchase 业业～业得之物12.quantity 量～量数13.refund 退款～退业～业业14.replacement 代替～替业15.retailer 零商售16.shopping mall 大型业物中心17.thrift 业业～业业18.vender 小业19.warranty 保业～保业业20.workmanship 技巧～手业在外就餐业业1.alcohol 酒精2.appetite 胃口～食欲3.artificial 人造的～的仿真4.bland 淡而无味的～和的～无刺激性的温5.chef 主～大厨厨6.crave 渴望7.delicacy 佳肴8.digest 消化9.fragrant 有香味的～芳香的10.ingredient 成分～配料～配方11.liquor 烈酒;如威士忌,12.munch 用力嚼～大咀嚼声13.palatable 美味的～业耳的～怡人的14.pass up 放业～业业15.portion 部分～一份16.ravenous 业业的～业的婪17.refreshment 茶点18.silverware 业器～业业餐具19.specialty 业攻～业业～业业～特制品20.starve 业死～业挨1.aperitif 业前酒2.appetizer 业胃菜3.beverage 业料4.buffet 自助餐5.chopsticks 筷子6.cuisine 烹业7.dessert 餐后点甜8.entree 主菜9.hors d'oeuvre 业胃小菜10.leftovers 剩业剩菜11.menu 菜业12.napkin 餐巾13.parched 焦干的～渴的极14.pastry 用面业和油成的小点心酥烤甜15.preservative 防腐业16.recipe 食业～烹业法～秘业17.seasoning 业味品～佐料18.snack 小吃～点心吃点心19.spice 香料～业味品20.vegetarian 素食者托业考业常用业业maneuver-trick策略～花招-业业margin-edge业业-业业meticulous-careful业小微的～业分注意业业的慎-小心的milestone-significant development里程碑-重大的业展minuscule-tiny微小的-微小的minute-tiny微小的-微小的monopolize-dominate业断-支配moreover-furthermore业一步业-业一步业mundane-ordinary世俗的-平常的myriad of-many无的数-业多的nevertheless-however然而-然而novel-innovative新业的-业新的outline-summarization概要-概述outstanding-excellent出业拔萃的-很好的peak-maximum业峰-最大业peculiar-distinctive独特的-独特的pertinent-relevant相业的-相业的phenomenon-event业象-事件pick up-follow沿着-沿着picture-imagine/describe想象～描写-想象/描写ponder-meditate沉思-沉思ponderous-heavy笨重的-沉重的pore-hole孔-洞position-location位置-位置potential-possible潜在的-可能的prefer-favor业向～喜业-喜业preoccupation-involvement全神业注-全神业注preside over-manage掌管-掌管prominent-prestigious卓越的-著名的rapid-swift快速的-迅速的rather-instead相反-相反readily-easily容易地-容易地realization-awareness业业到-业业到reap-gain收业-业得reckless-irresponsible不业业任的-不业业任的relate-connect与…有业-与…有业reliance-dependence依靠-依靠remarkable-extraordinary非凡的-非凡的roll back-reduce把…业到业准水平-降低～减少roughly-approximately大业-大概secure-acquire弄到～业得-业得secure-safe安全的-安全的set-establish业置-建立surging—— To increase suddenly. Used of electric current or voltage猛增=acceleratingsurpass—— To be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed业业=exceed, outrunsustain—— To keep in existence; maintain业业生存;业持=maintain sustenance—— Something, especially food, that sustains life or health业业物,尤指食物=fare Food and drink; diet食物和业料Means of livelihood生业=livelihoodsupplement——Something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole业充物,用来完成某事、业充不足、业展或加强=extension～An addition that increases the area, influence, operation, orcontents of something业大supreme——Greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement最重要的=outstandingsuccinct——Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse业明的=concisesufficient——Being as much as is needed充足的=adequatesumptuous——Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish 豪业的;花业奢侈的=luxu社交业业1.acceptance 接受～业同2.acquaintance 相业但是不是熟很的人3.anniversary 周年业念日4.associate ;1,同事～伙伴 ;2,业想～交往5.banquet 酒席～正式的宴会mitment 承业～业业7.courtesy 礼礼貌～业～好意～殷勤8.distinguished 卓越的～杰出的～著名的9.embrace 业抱～业业～包括10.etiquette 礼业～业范11.farewell 一路平安～再业～告业12.get-together ;非正式的社交,聚会13.greeting 致敬～业候～;业,数致意～业业14.hug 业抱～业抱vish 业分大方的～浪业的～丰富的16.nosy 好管业事的～业打听的17.offensive 令人不快的～业业的～冒犯的18.protocol 外交业～礼草业19.regards 业候～致意20.salute 向……打招呼～向……行业～礼向……表示敬意1.acknowledge 承业～承业……之存在、业力～表示感业2.aggressive 挑衅极的～有侵略性的～有业取心的～业的3.apologize 道歉4.attractive 引人入业～有吸引力的～迷人的5.barrier 障碍～障碍物～隔业pliment 业业～恭业7.criticize 批业～业业8.eloquent 口才好的～雄业的9.encounter 相遇～遭遇偶然业～面业碰10.extend 延伸延业～业大～延业～业予～提供11.favorable 令人业意的～博得业业的～有助的～有帮利的12.gossip 业业～流言～业业业13.hilarious 狂业的～令人捧腹的14.intrude 业入～侵入～把……强加业于15.modest 业业的～适度的～朴业的～端庄的16.nuisance 业业之人、事、物17.prompt 准业的～按业的～迅速的～立刻行业的18.quarrel 争吵争吵～业业架19.run into 偶遇～上碰20.scandal 丑业～引人业慨之事业公室事宜业业1.appointment 业～业会定2.attendance 出席人～出数席3.cabinet 橱柜4.calendar 日业～月业～行事业5.clerk 业事业～业业6.directory 人名住址薄7.duplicte 业制～副本8.filing 业档9.in-tray 待业理文件盒10.monitor 业业～业业～追踪11.out-tray 已业理文件盒12.partition 分隔～分隔物;如业壁等,13.postage 业业14.puncturalit 准业～守业15.schedule 业业表～业表划16.shift 业班～业班～业班17.staff 全业业体18.strike 业工19.task 工作～任业20.work force 工作人业～业业人口1.assignment 分配～工作～分派2.bulletin 公业～告示～定期业告业3.calculator 业算器4.carbon copy 用业业业制的写副本5.collegue 同事～同僚6.document 文件～业件7.extension 分机;业业,～延期8.intercom 业业机9.memo 便～便业～业条忘业10.operator 接业生11.overtime 加班的业业12.portfolio 作品业～公事包13.printed matter 印刷品14.receptionist 接待业15.secretary 秘业16.shorthand 速业～速业法17.stapler 业业机18.tardy 业业～业到的～业延的19.typist 打字业20.xerox 影印人事及管理1.allocate 业出～分配～配置2.applicant 申业人3.authorize 授业～委托4.bonus 业利～业外津业～业金5.capability 能力～才干～力～性潜能6.collaboration 合作～通业7.consultation 咨业～商量～商业～业会8.curriculum vitae 履业9.eligible 合格的～合适的10.emplyer 雇主11.executive 行政或管理人业12.income 收入或所得y off ;业业,解雇14.occupation 业业15.part-time 兼任的～兼业的16.permanent 不业的～永久的17.promote 升～促业迁18.recruit 吸收～征募19.resume 履业表20.salary 薪水。
托业考试阅读常见短语精粹
托业考试阅读常见短语精粹为了帮助大家能够在托业阅读中考取高分，帮助大家积累到更多的短语，下面小编给大家带来托业考试阅读常见短语精粹，希望喜欢！托业考试阅读常见短语精粹11. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。
2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地8. of one's own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one's accord with 同….不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地托业考试阅读常见短语精粹211. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12. on one's own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one's own risk) 自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有………重要性.13. take…into account(=consider)把……考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉托业考试阅读常见短语精粹321. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust……(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.托业考试阅读常见短语精粹431. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.托业考试阅读常见短语精粹541. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用.49. apply to 与…有关;适用50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准。
托业考试高频词汇汇总
托业考试高频词汇汇总以下是托业考试高频词汇的汇总：1. analysis 分析2. approach 方法3. assessment 评估4. assumption 假设5. benefit 好处6. challenge 挑战7. comparison 比较8. conclusion 结论9. condition 条件10. consequence 结果11. contribution 贡献12. convenience 便利13. cooperation 合作14. criticism 批判15. definition 定义16. demonstration 示范17. description 描述18. development 进展19. disadvantage 缺点20. discussion 争辩21. effect 影响22. efficiency 效率23. emphasis 强调24. environment 环境第1页/共6页25. evaluation 评价26. example 例子27. explanation 解释28. factor 因素29. feedback 反馈30. focus 焦点31. function 功能32. improvement 改进33. increase 增加34. influence 影响35. information 信息36. instruction 指令37. introduction 引言38. knowledge 学问39. limitation 限制40. management 管理41. method 方法42. motivation 动力43. opportunity 机会44. organization 组织45. outcome 结果46. overview 概述47. practice 实践48. preference 偏爱49. preparation 预备50. presentation 演示51. problem 问题52. procedure 程序53. process 过程54. productivity 生产力55. proposal 提案56. purpose 目的57. recommendation 推举58. reference 参考59. requirement 要求60. research 争辩61. response 回应62. result 结果63. review 复习64. skill 技能65. solution 解决方案66. strategy 策略67. structure 结构68. study 争辩69. suggestion 建议70. survey 调查71. task 任务72. technique 技巧73. theory 理论74. training 培训75. understanding 理解76. advantage 优势77. career 职业78. communication 沟通79. conflict 冲突80. creativity 制造力81. decision 决策82. goal 目标83. leadership 领导力第3页/共6页84. negotiation 谈判85. objective 目标86. opportunity 机会87. problem-solving 解决问题88. teamwork 团队合作89. time management 时间管理90. adapt 适应91. analyze 分析92. apply 应用93. collaborate 合作94. communicate 沟通95. cooperate 合作96. criticize 批判97. decide 打算98. demonstrate 示范99. develop 进展100. discuss 争辩101. evaluate 评估102. explain 解释103. identify 确定104. improve 改进105. increase 增加106. influence 影响107. motivate 激励108. negotiate 谈判109. organize 组织110. participate 参与111. prioritize 设置优先级112. propose 提议113. recommend 推举114. research 争辩115. solve 解决116. summarize 总结117. support 支持118. train 培训119. understand 理解120. achieve 达到121. adapt 适应122. analyze 分析123. apply 应用124. communicate 沟通125. develop 进展126. evaluate 评估127. identify 确定128. improve 改进129. increase 增加130. motivate 激励131. negotiate 谈判132. organize 组织133. participate 参与134. prioritize 设置优先级135. recommend 推举136. research 争辩137. solve 解决138. summarize 总结139. support 支持140. train 培训141. achieve 达到142. adapt 适应第5页/共6页143. analyze 分析144. apply 应用145. communicate 沟通146. develop 进展147. evaluate 评估148. identify 确定149. improve 改进150. increase 增加这些词汇是托业考试中常见的高频词汇，把握了这些词汇能够挂念你更好地理解和应对考试中的各种题目。
托业英语优秀必备重点单词
托业英语优秀必备重点单词1.amuse 使快乐;使开心;使发笑2.audience 听众;观众3.ballet 芭蕾舞4.cable tv 有线电视5.celebrity 名人;名声6.cinema 电影;影片;电影院;电影艺术;电影业poser 作曲家8.conductor 指挥家9.cue 示意;提示10.drama 戏剧;剧本11.fare 车费;票价12.headline (报纸的)标题13.newscast 新闻广播14.periodical 杂志;期刊托业英语单词社交类1.acknowledge 承认;承认……之存在、权力;表示感谢2.aggressive 挑衅的;有侵略性的;有进取心的;主动的3.apologize 抱歉4.attractive 引人入胜;有吸引力的;迷人的5.barrier 障碍;障碍物;隔阂pliment 赞扬;恭维7.criticize 批判;评论8.eloquent 口才好的;雄辩的9.encounter 相遇;遭受偶然碰见;面临10.extend 延长连续;扩大;延长;赐予;供应11.favorable 令人满足的;博得赞许的;有关心的';有利的12.gossip 闲谈;流言;说闲谈13.hilarious 狂欢的;令人捧腹的14.intrude 闯入;侵入;把……强加诸于托业英语科学论文词汇a)天文。
宇宙heavenly body (天体) astrology (占星术)astronomy (天文学) constellation (星座)galaxy (银河) galactic nebula (银河星云)satellite (卫星) planet (行星)asteroid (小行星) meteor (流星)meteorite (陨石)(b)化学hydurochloric (盐酸) sulfuric acid (硫酸)reduction (还原) oxygen (氧)hydrogen (氢) nitrogen (氮)carbon (炭) neutralize (中和)filter (过滤) deposit (沉淀)oxidize (氧化) acid (酸)alkalinity (碱性) saturation (饱和)。
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托业阅读常考词汇大收集（3）
prestige——Aperson'shighstandingamongothers;honororesteem威望;尊重或敬佩=honor
predecessor——Onewhoprecedesanotherintime,especiallyinholdinganofficeoraposition.前任;Anancestor;aforebear祖先;祖宗=forerunnerOnethatprecedes,asintime;apredecessor前任;Anancestor;aforebear祖先;祖宗
predominantly——Mostcommonorconspicuous;mainorprevalent最主要的;最普通的=primarily
precede——Tocome,exist,oroccurbeforeintime.先于…=priorto,before
portion——Asectionorquantitywithinalargerthing;apartofawhole部分=part
possess——Tohaveasproperty;own持有;拥有Tohaveasaquality,characteristic,orotherattribute具有品质、特点=have
potential——shavingspossibility,capability,orpower有可能性的=possible
pertinent——shavingslogical,preciserelevancetothematterathand有关系的=relevant
pit——Anaturalorartificialholeorcavityintheground坑=hole
perception——Thecapacityforsuchinsight洞察能力=insightfulShowingorshavingsinsight;perceptive有洞察力的;有悟性的
penetrate——Toenterorforceawayinto;pierce.穿过,刺入=gothrough
patron——Acustomer,especiallyaregularcustomer顾客=customer
particle——Averysmallpieceorpart;atinyportionorspeck一小份儿或一小点儿=speckAsmallspot,mark,ordiscoloration小斑点,小污点或小瑕疵
pants裤子——trousers裤子
rupture——Theprocessofbreakingopenorbursting裂开,突然炸开=burst
rural——Of,relatingto,orcharacteristicofthecountry农村的=country
rudimentary——Beingintheearlieststagesofdevelopment;incipient处于发展的最早阶段的=undeveloped,unsophisticated
rotate——Toturnaroundonanaxisorcenter绕轴或中心转动=turn,swirl
Toproceedinsequence;taketurnsoralternate循环,交替或轮换=alternate
robust——Fullofhealthandstrength;vigorous健康和有力的=strong
roam——Tomoveaboutwithoutpurposeorplan;wander漫游=wander
rigidity——Aninstanceofbeingrigid僵化,严厉=stiffness
revise——Toreconsiderandchang。