湖南省长沙市第一中学2018届高三第八次月考英语试卷
湖南省长沙市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考(一)数学试题(解析版)
【解析】
【详解】当E,F排在前三位时， =24,当E,F排后三位时， =72，当E,F排3，4位时， =24，N=120种，选D.
6.函数 （ 且 ）在一个周期内的图象如图所示，将函数 图象上的点的横坐标伸长为原来的2倍，再向右平移 个单位长度，得到函数 的图象，则 （）
A. B.1C.－1D.
参考数据：
参考时间轴：
A.宋B.唐C.汉D.战国
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】根据给定条件可得函数关系 ，取 即可计算得解.
【详解】依题意，当 时， ，而 与死亡年数 之间的函数关系式为 ，
则有 ，解得 ，于是得 ，
当 时， ，于是得： ，解得 ，
由 得，对应朝代为战国，
所以可推断该文物属于战国.
故选：D
（1）记 ，写出 ，并求出数列 的通项公式；
（2）求数列 的前2022项和 .
【答案】（1） ， ，
（2）
【解析】
【分析】（1）根据 的定义求得 ，求出 ，由等比数列通项公式可得结论；
（2）由 得 ， ，然后用并项求和法结合等比数列前 项和公式计算．
【小问1详解】
，
又
【小问2详解】
，则
18.如图， 为 中点，曲线 上任一点到 点的距离相等， 在曲线 上且关于 对称.
长沙市一中2023届高三月考试卷（一）
数学
一､选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.
1.已知集合 ，则 （）
A. B. C. D.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】利用对数不等式及分式不等式的解法求出集合 ，结合集合的补集及交集的定义即可求解.
2021年长沙市第一中学高三英语月考试题及答案
2021年长沙市第一中学高三英语月考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you are sending a text message watching TV or listening to the radio, you may stop and give this your full attention. Multitasking shrinks (使.....萎缩)the brain? research suggests.A study found that men and womenwho frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, " Using mobile phones, laptops and other media devicessimultaneouslycould be changing the structure of our brains."Worryingly, the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion. The finding follows research which has linked multitasking with a shortened attention span, depression , anxiety and lower grades at school.The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking e-mail, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the Internet. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingu-late cortex (ACC)(前扣带皮层).Scientists have proved that brain structure can be changed on exposure to fresh environments and experience.Other studies have shown that training—such as learning to play magic tricks or taxi drivers' learning the map of London―can increase grey matter densities (密度)in certain parts.Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. The University of California team conducted a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99，and found 20%had problems with memory. Researchers were shocked greatly by the 14 % of 18 to 39-year-old people who also worried about their memories.Multitasking may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories, the researchers said, adding that youngsters may be particularly affected by stress.1. The underlined word " simultaneously" in Paragraph 2 means "________，"A. on one's ownB. at no timeC. at the same timeD. by accident2. All of the following are possible effects of multitasking EXCEPT________ .A. saving timeB. a shortened attention spanC. lower grades at schoolD. depression and anxiety3. Which ofthe following can be the best title of this passage?A. Media multitasking is becoming more popularB. Multitasking shrinks the brainC. Multitasking may shorten attention spanD. People are worried about their memories.BDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.4. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward5. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness6. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings7. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat raceCAs is commonly known,Antarcticais an icy continent with extreme environment. However, a new study provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past.The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast ofAntarctica. In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old. At that period, dinosaurs were the ruler animals of the land.Johann Klages, a German geologist, was the lead writer of a study on the findings, published in the journalNature. He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 meters below the ocean floor. Klages said an examination showed that the material didn’t form in the ocean.The researchers estimate that the area — about 900 kilometers from the South Pole — had average yearly temperatures of about12°Cto13°C. The soil included fine dirt particles and hard clay, as well as substances linked to at least 65 different kinds of plants, the study found. Although no animal remains were found, Klages said there were likely dinosaurs, flying reptiles and many insects in the environment.The research represents new evidence of the major climate changes Earth experienced in the past — and iscurrently undergoing today. The soil in the sediment dates back to the planet’s warmest period of the past 140 million years, with sea level about 170 meters higher than today. The researchers said that the rainforest environment inAntarcticawas especially surprising because each year, the area experiences a four-month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life. Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time, but seasonal snowfall was likely.8. What can we learn about the sediment collected?A. It formed in the age of dinosaurs.B. It was found on theAntarcticaland.C. Ancient forest material was found in it.D. Some dinosaur remains were found in it.9. How did the researchers reach their findings?A. By analyzing the Earth sediment.B. By exploring ice inAntarctica.C. By collecting data on climate.D. By researching special plants.10. What can be indicated in the last paragraph?A. Seasonal snowfall made the forest disappear.B. Antarctica was much colder 140 million years ago.C. Antarctica’s natural environment has changed greatly.D. Polar nights inAntarcticaare getting shorter than before.11. What is the main idea of the text?A. Rainforest disappeared fromAntarctica.B. Antarctica had a different history of climate.C. Researchers studied a piece of Earth sediment ofAntarctica.D.Antarcticahad an extreme environment containing ice and snow.DPreventing heart disease is a topic I think about all the time, given my family history of heart disease. So last summer, I travelled toBolivia.The natives, called the Tsimane, were reported to have the healthiest hearts in the world. I wanted to learn what they could teach me about preventing heart disease.Getting to the Tsimane wasn't easy. They lived in small family groups of about 60 people along river banks. We finally found one of the villages at sunset. That night, we set up our tents in the middle of the village. Thatched huts surrounded us, with no electricity or modem conveniences.At first, I thought they mainly got their calorics from meat. However, I found food such as rice and com made up nearly 70% of their diet. The food was not processed, lacking added sugars or salts.During my stay there, I went hunting and fishing with the men and played soccer with the kids. I found the Tsimane were standing or walking nearly all of their waking hours. Men spent lots of time tracking animals. Fanning and gathering, mostly done by children and women, were all-day affairs.I also got a clear idea of how they rested. As soon as the sun went down, people returned to their huts and went to sleep. And with the call of the cock in the morning, another day began.The lifespan of the Tsimane is actually much shorter than those living in theUS. Various factors, like animal attacks and infections, bring down the lifespan. But up until the day they die, they are often very healthy. While heart disease kills thousands of Americans every year and costs nearly a billion dollars a day, the Tsimane remind us that wealth doesn't necessarily buy health.12. Why does the author pay so much attention to preventing heart disease?A. He dreams of becoming a doctor.B. He wants to teach others about the topic.C. His family members encourage him to do so.D. He was born with a high risk of heart disease.13. Which factors did the author mainly focus on in his research?A. Housing, food and cooperation.B. Diet, activity and rest.C. Physical work, social life and lifespan.D. Group size, family history and consumption14. What was the Tsimane 's sleep-wake cycle mainly based on?A. Natural sound.B. Routine activity.C. Animal behaviour.D. Natural light.15. What might the author advise us to do after his travels inBolivia?A. Take in less sugar and salt.B. Stand less and walk more.C. Eat white meat instead of red meat.D. Live in the middle of the community.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题
2023-2024-1长沙市一中高三上第二次月考英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A“Unfortunately, 85 percent of what makes us attractive or less to mosquitoes(蚊子) is hardwired in our genetic circuit board,” says Winegard, author of The Mosquito: A Human History of Our Deadliest Predator. Still, there are ways to outsmart summer’s most annoying party crashers, especially if all you want is to enjoy an evening on your patio(露台).Know your blood typeOnly female mosquitoes feed on humans, and for good reason: The proteins in your blood help them grow and mature their eggs. “She’s just being a good mom,” Winegard says. “People with blood type O are her top of choice. They get bitten twice as much as people with blood type A, with blood type B falling in between.”Stay cool“Mosquitoes hunt by both smell and sight,” Winegard says. “They can sm ell the carbon dioxide and see the heat signature of their target.” Avoiding alcohol can keep your body temperature lower — making you harder to find —so consider choosing cocktail instead.Wear light colorsAvoiding dark clothing can also keep you cooler, but that’s not the only reason it may offer relief. Mosquitoes, like many biting flies, are attracted to darker colors. The thinking behind this is that the animals they typically feed upon are larger, dark-bodied mammals(哺乳动物).Get rid of standing waterEven a glass of drinking water left on the deck can become a breeding ground for mosquito eggs — and mother mosquitoes lay about 100 eggs at a time. “They don’t need very much at all to breed. It can be a backyard toy, like a truck that has a bit of water in it, or a crushed pop can,” says Winegard. If you get rid of it, they’ll go somewhere else to lay their eggs.21. What’s the intention of this text?A. To introduce a new book.B. To offer professional tips.C. To analyze a study of insects.D. To suggest throwing a party.22. Why does a female mosquito feed on human blood?A. To hatch more eggs.B. To raise a large family.C. To identify blood types.D. To fully develop her body.23. What can we learn about mosquitoes according to Winegard?A. They can trace the smell of alcohol.B. They have energy-locating abilities.C. They feed off dark-bodied animals.D. They need abundant water to breed.BThe Malaysian actress, Michelle Yeoh, 60, shared some wisdom with the American Film Institute’s newest graduating class in a speech as she accepted an honorary doctorate of fine arts at the class of 2022 graduation ceremony.She recalled her early years in the industry. After an injury dashed her dreams of going into ballet, Yeoh bounced back at a gym where several stuntmen(特技替身演员) trained and ended up learning some tricks of the trade from them.“The first thing they taught me what to do was to tuck and roll, then how to fall on my side, and then how to fall on my back. And after a while, it dawned on me that they were teaching me how to fall,” she recalled. “And they said to me, ‘How are you going to go up if you don’t know how to come down?’” “That lesson sticks with me to this day. I had to learn how to fall. Well, you could say I learned it in my bones, literally,” Yeoh added.The actress mentioned jumping off a 20-foot highway overpass for one stunt, in which she over-rotated(旋转), causing her back to fold in half and a stunt went wrong. “I didn’t land properly, but I completed the scene,” she said.“These moments taught me perseverance, courage and humility,” she said. “They also taught me to hone my skills and eventually progress to the point where I was running on rooftops and jumping onto moving trains. I’m not asking you all to do that, okay? What I want to share with you today is that our slips and stumbles(绊跌) are the secrets to our flight. Trust me, that’s part of the deal. Success without failure is called luck. It cannot really be repeated or relied upon. It is from failure that we learn an d grow,” Yeoh continued.The Crazy Rich Asians star concluded her speech: “Be courageous, take chances, break barriers, be proud of what makes you unique.” “And most importantly, don’t be afraid to fall, for you are learning to fly,” Yeoh said.24. Whan can we learn about Michelle Yeoh from the first two paragraphs?A. She was tricked by several stuntmen.B. She was passionate about working out in a gym.C. She won a doctor’s degree in fine arts despite her old age.D. She was terribly defeated by an injury and discouraged in her early years.25. What lesson did Michelle Yeon learn from the stuntmen?A. God helps those who help themselves.B. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise.C. Successful people are learning experiences with others.D. The greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.26. What does the underlined word “hone” in paragraph 5 mean?A. Believe.B. Sharpen.C. Restore.D. Dominate.27. What are the keys to our success according to the text?A. Mistakes and failure.B. Luck and humility.C. Courage and pride.D. Opportunities and skills.C“It’s a natural question,” Dr. Holt-Lunstad said about the “ideal” number of friends. “Just like we have guidelines and recommendations for the amount of sleep we get and how physically active we are, this is health relevant.” While she and other friendship researchers admit there aren’t many studies that have specifically tackled the question of how many friends people should aim for, those that have been done offer a range.Dr. Degges-White recently conducted a survey of 297 adults, which has not been published or subject to peer review but found that 55 percent of participants believed two to three close friends was ideal, while 31 percent thought four to six was the goal. But friendship and intimacy are subjective, and there isn’t a widely used scale researchers share to define those concepts across studies. It’s also unclear how social media factors into all of this, as research suggests the size of a perso n’s online network may not have any meaningful impact on their perceived well-being.While friendship research offers some standards, it may be more useful for most of us to consider if you need more friends. Dr. Marisa Franco recommends starting with a fairly obvious but powerful question: Do I feel lonely! “Also, different people bring out different parts of us. So when you have a larger friend group, you’re able toexperience this side of yourself that loves golf, and this side that loves cars,” she added. “If you feel like your identity has sort of shrunk, or you’re not feeling quite like yourself, that might indicate you need different types of friends.”Of course, making friends in adulthood isn’t always easy. Research shows people struggle with it because they find it difficult to trust new people. For those reasons, it is often easier to start by reawakening old relationships. The amount of time you actually spend with your friends matters, too. Franco suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop. But spending time with friends you feel ambivalent(情绪复杂的) about —because they’re unreliable, critical, competitive or any of the many reasons people get under our skin — can be bad for your health.28. Which statement would Dr. Holt-Lunstad probably agree with?A. Healthy friendships contribute to quality sleep.B. There have been guidelines for making friends.C. Two to six close friends may be the most ideal.D. Friendships can be a crucial factor in well-being.29. How was Dr. Degges-White’s survey?A. It summarized the statistics in previous studies.B. It set standards on the exact number of friends.C. It distinguished between friendship and intimacy.D. It dismissed the influences of social media factors.30. According to Franco, you have to make new friends if _____________.A. your friend circle is large enoughB. you have a wide range of hobbiesC. your personal identities are restrictedD. you lead an unhappy adulthood life31. What matters in maintaining close friendships according to Franco?A. Quantities of time.B. Meeting frequency.C. Your healthy moods.D. Personalities of friends.DMany robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them, but optical(视觉的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form — and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.Roboticist, Xiaolong Wang in University of California, San Diego and his team wanted to find out if complex coordination(协调) could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data. The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about $12, to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate(旋转) items placed in its palm.The researchers first collected a large volume of touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls. Using binary contact information (“touch” or“no touch”) from each sensor, the team built a comput er model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully manipulated(操纵) previously unencountered objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the binary sensor data were so simple; the model didn’t rely on accurate measurements.Digging into what the robot hand perceives, Wang and his colleagues found that it can re-create the entire object’s form from touch data, informing its actions. He and his team are set to present their handiwork at an international conference called Robotics: Science and Systems.New York University’s Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots’ interactions with the real world, wonders whether the system would become less effective at more complicated tasks including opening a bottle cap. Wang’s group aims totackle more complex movements in future work as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. The researchers will also try adding vision to improve touch data for handling complicated shapes.32. What may contribute to the ineffectiveness of the optical sensors?A. Poor visibility.B. Blocked roads.C. Complicated tasks.D. Inaccurate calculation.33. What do paragraphs 3–4 focus on?A. Stimulating the robot fingers to move the items steadily.B. Increasing the precision of touch of the robot hand.C. Comparing the computer world with the real circumstances.D. Testing if touch information can facilitate the formation of the object shape.34. What is the attitude of Lerrel Pinto towards the system?A. Neutral.B. Suspicious.C. Favorable.D. Pessimistic.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Robotics: Science and SystemB. New Robot Rotates Items SkillfullyC. New Robot Hand Works by Feel, Not SightD. From the Computer Model to the Real Robot Hand第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考试卷(一)英语试题
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考试卷（一）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some ancient famous doctors made ant some experience they accumulated. The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.Hua TuoHua Tuo (145—208), famous physician of the late Eastern Han dynasty, also named Fu, was born at Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). He led a simple life, away from fame and fortune. He would rather become a traveling physician for ordinary people.Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields, such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics and acupuncture. He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia (by applying Ma Fei San, a herbal anesthetic he invented) some 1,600 years before Europeans did.Zhang ZhongjingZhang Zhongjing (150—219), also known as Zhang Ji, was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han dynasty. He lived in today’s Nanyang in Henan Province. He was known as the “medical sage” by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM.During his time, with warlords (军阀) fighting for their own territories, many people were infected with fertility, an illness caused by fever. Zhang’s family was no exception. The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine. He learned medicine by studying from his town’s fellow Zhan Bozu, absorbing previous medicinal literature, collecting many prescriptions; and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun. Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime.Li ShizhenLi Shizhen (1518—1593) was a famous medical scientist the Ming dynasty. He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor. He not only paidattention to accumulating experience in curing diseases, but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced.On this basis, it took 27 years to compile (编著) the pharmaceutical masterpiece, Compendium of Materia Medica, which is known as the “Encyclopedia of Ancient China” and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine China. 1．What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common?A．Their books never come out.B．They travelled extensively across China.C．They led the way worldwide in their own expertsD．They contributed themselves to the development of TCM.2．What can we learn from the passage?A．Hua Tuo was desperate for reputation and fortune.B．Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors.C．Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years.D．Zhang Zhongjing’s medical masterpiece vanished before published.3．In which section of a magazine may this passage appear?A．Healthy lifestyles.B．Daily entertainment.C．Historical figures.D．Fitness management.On March 25, 2010, Kate and David Ogg heard the words every parent fears: Their newborn wasn’t going to make it. Their twins -- a girl and a boy -- were born two minutes apart and exactly 14 weeks premature, weighing just over two pounds respectively. Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minute but saw no improvement. His heartbeat was nearly gone, and he’d stopped breathing. The baby had just moments to live.“I saw him gasp (大口嘴气), but the doctor said it was no use,” Kate told the Daily Mail five years later. “I know it sounds stupid, but if he was still gasping, that was a sign of life. I wasn’t going to give up easily.”Still, the Sydney couple knew this was likely goodbye. In an effort to cherish her last minutes with the tiny boy, Kate asked to hold him.“I wanted to meet him, and for him to know us, ” Kate told Today. “We’d resigned ourselves the fact that we were going to lose him, and we were just trying to make the most of those last, precious moments.”Kate unwrapped the boy, whom the couple had already named Jamie, from his hospital blanket and ordered David to take his Shirt off and join them in bed. The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition they then talked to him.“We were trying to let him stay, ” Kate told the Daily Mail. “We explained his name and that he had a twin that he had to look out for and that how hard we had tried to have him.”Then something unbelievable happened. Jamie gasped again and then he started breathing. Finally, he reached for his father’s finger.The couple’s lost boy had made it.“We’re the luckiest people in the world,” David told Today. Eight years later, Jamie and his sister, Emily, are happy and healthy. The Oggs only recently told the kids the story of their birth. “Emily hardy-held back her tears,” Kate said, “and she kept hugging Jamie with great affection. This whole experience makes you cherish them more.” “They widened their eyes as if there were an apple in their mouths bearing the miraculous experience,” David added. 4．What can we learn about the twins?A．They totally weighed less than 4 pounds.B．They have been in bad condition since birth.C．The couple attempted to save the boy but in vain.D．They came to the world nearly100 days earlier than expected.5．Which is the correct order of the following events?a. The dying boy went back to normal.b. The couple gave the boy a skin-to-skin contact.c. The couple made the case for his name to the boy.d. Doctors announced the approaching death of the boy.A．d-a-c-b B．d-b-c-a C．c-b-a-d D．d-c-a-b 6．How did Emily feel when told the story or their birth?A．Touched and challenged.B．Sad and confused.C．Astonished and bored.D．Surprised and moved.7．Which is a suitable title for the passage?A．A life-giving touch.B．A successful medical attention.C．A test from the God.D．First-time but devoted parents.We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are jammed with traffic, creating poisonous gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be?There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done?The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. Here are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into.Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress cars. These will charge more quickly, and give cars a a bigger range.”Cost is another issue that may deter people switching to electric power. But some countries offer encouraging measures, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the Country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1,000 inhabitants.But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. 8．What makes global traffic difficult to be totally electric according to the second paragraph?A．A ban of the UK government.B．Lack of petrol.C．The small number of charging points.D．A low battery quality.9．According to Colin Herron, what can we learn?A．Solid-state batteries will allow electric cars to travel farther.B．Electric cars will indeed make for a zero-carbon future.C．Solid-state batteries will be initially employed in electric cars.D．Big progress has been made in laptops and mobile phones.10．What does the underlined word “deter” mean in the fourth paragraph?A．Block.B．Suggest.C．Leave.D．Catch.11．What will be most probably talked about next?A．The huge potential of electric cars.B．The unfavorable future of electric cars.C．The eagerness for a zero-carbon future.D．The reasons for not achieving a zero-carbon future.For most people, death is hard to think about. We tend to avoid the subject—involuntarily, even. The philosopher Stephen Cave offers one explanation for this avoidance in his 2012 book, Immorality. “Death,” he writes, “presents itself as both inevitable and impossible.” You can know rationally that you will die, yet struggle to understand your nonexistence. Put another way, you cannot be conscious of your own consciousnesses.So we dismiss death form our thoughts. But this leads us to make choice in life that actually reduce our happiness. People who express more regrets tend to be those who postpone profound activities that yield meaning, such as appreciating beauty or spending more time with loved ones. When we avoid thoughts of death, we unconsciously assume that tomorrow will look a lot like today, so we can do tomorrow what we could today. But when we focus on death, that increases the stakes at play in the present, and clarifies what we should do with our time.By forcing ourselves to think about death, our resources-use decisions change. I ask my 20-something graduate students to estimate how many Thanksgivings they realistically have left with their parents, and then to consider how they should spend those remaining occasions. This usually simulates a strong emotional reaction. But it can also alter such decisions as where they choose to live and work. This highlights that facing discomfort and thinking seriously about the impermanence of your mortal life are important for making decisions that enhance your happiness.There are other benefits. For example, paradoxical though it may seem, considering death can encourage positive thinking, as researchers found in 2007. People prepared to think about their death tended to focus on favorable emotional information around them, and to interpret random words in a pleasanter way. You begin to think extremely clearly, and realize that you have a choice about how to see present moment—and choose the positive.If you insist ignoring your own death, you are likely to make decisions that cause you to sleepwalk through life. You may not be dead yet, but you are not fully alive either. If you canlook across that border with resolve and confidence, you will experience every day fully and deeply.12．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A．People’s fear of death.B．People’s escape from death.C．People’s acceptance of death.D．People’s struggle against death. 13．What will happen to us if we don’t focus on death?A．Enjoying a lot more happiness.B．Taking better advantage of time.C．Postponing big things until tomorrow.D．Engaging in more meaningful activities.14．What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning his graduate students?A．To argue for the changes in making big decisions.B．To show doubts about facing discomfort of death.C．To compare students’ different attitudes to death.D．To argue against the necessity of considering death.15．What does the author suggest readers do in the passage?A．Avoid thinking about your death.B．Live a better life by ignoring death.C．Step away from death and live better.D．Think about your death and live better.二、七选五Report reveals CIA behind “Color Revolutions”Recently, the National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center released a report entitled Empire of Hacking: The US Central Intelligence Agency. 16 .According to statistics, the CIA has intervened (干预) in or attempted to overthrow at least 50 legitimate (合法的) governments and caused unrest in numerous other countries over the years, 17 . Examples of these interventions include the collapse of the socialist camp in the 1980s, the “Velvet Revolution”, “Rose Revolution”, “Orange Revolution”, “Tulip Revolution”, and “Snow Revolution” in various countries, and the “Green Revolution” and “Arab Spring”. Analyzing these events reveals that the successful organization of such “ColorRevolutions” depends on the use of communication and command technologies, in which the US is a leading power.18 . This facilitated the technological advances for US intelligence agencies to carry lout “Color Revolutions” abroad. The Internet also played a major role in the “Arab Spring”, with certain US-based multinational Internet companies actively intervening in the form of disinformation, support for anti-government actions, and other methods. 19 . Twitter and Google quickly created “Speak2Tweet” to help anti-government personnel in countries like Egypt and Tunisia maintain contact with the outside world. RAND developed “stampede”, a system that allowed proprietors to connect to the Internet, resulting in improved on-site command for demonstrations “RIOT”, a software that supports independent wireless broadband and anti-jamming Wi-Fi, was also developed to avoid censorship (审查) and surveillance (监视).The US Department of State also invested more than $ 30 million in the research and development of anti-censorship systems. 20 .A．though it has only admitted to sevenB．The Internet developed rapidly at that timeC．since these countries conducted “Color Revolutions”D．The US led the promotion of the Internet to the international market in the 1980sE．That the CIA has been secretly conducting “Color Revolutions” around the world for a long time is reportedF．Therefore, the CIA conducted several “Color Revolutions” worldwide with the help of these tools and technologiesG．These companies also provided encrypted (加密的) network communication services, such as TOR, to avoid censorship and surveillance三、完形填空faces. They looked unhappy. And I realized that I was one of them. Suddenly, I could noOver the years, I had grown more competitive due to the 25 of finishing my Ph.D．Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the 26 of what I had hoped for. I began to feel lonely and lost. I became less and less 27 in my scientific work. I hit my 28 point that day at the bus station. I had to end this. I emailed my professors, explaining that I had put the 29 first and myself second for too long.Shortly after I got back home, I started to receive some emails from my workmates — I guessed they expected me to join them again soon. After a few 30 asking how I was, in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life. Vulnerable (脆弱的) researchers were sticking their heads out of their shells (壳), seeking 31 . It occurred to me that we all 32 sometimes, and our vulnerability seemed so much alike that I 33 myself from all that had bothered me for days. 34 it can be win-win game, instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses. Working with others and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions 35 ; it means we can all succeed.21．A．store B．office C．station D．cafe shop 22．A．settle B．awaken C．disappear D．explode 23．A．reddish B．unique C．unfamiliar D．unsmiling 24．A．begin with B．get rid of C．proceed with D．get down to 25．A．response B．pressure C．commitment D．willingness 26．A．outcome B．opposite C．meaning D．alternative 27．A．responsible B．engaged C．aggressive D．productive 28．A．starting B．ending C．breaking D．boiling 29．A．fame B．honor C．partners D．occupation 30．A．lines B．jokes C．accounts D．greetings 31．A．help B．belief C．hardship D．answers 32．A．choked B．suffered C．relaxed D．hesitated 33．A．liberated B．discouraged C．protected D．excused 34．A．Actually B．Generally C．Eventually D．Fortunately 35．A．irregular B．improper C．illogical D．insignificant四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Chinese civilization has been marked, in my humble opinion, by three distinct features: evolution with continuity, inclusiveness, and receiving and sharing the goods of civilization.China’s modernization process over the past four decades 36 (create) a new context 37 there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, gnerating something new and genuine. China is not a stranger to this evolutionary process. It adapted “socialism” to the Chinese context, devising socialism with Chinese characteristics taking into 38 (consider) the changing Chinese and world reality.With regard to inclusiveness, Chinese civilization has been open to positive outside inferences, 39 proved by the inclusion of Buddhism and Islam into Chinese society. China has always welcomed the positive aspects of other civilizations while contributing its civilization achievements 40 (enrich) other civilizations. Chinese music did not shy away from 41 (adopt) musical instruments from the Middle East, like the fantastic pipa, and making it 42 essential and beautiful part of Chinese musical culture.When it comes to sharing, one of the 43 (great) gifts China gave to the world through the ancient Silk Road was the technology of making paper on an industrial scale, which revolutionized the spread of science and philosophy in the Arab and Islamic world all the way to Europe beginning in the 8th century.This new technology 44 (be) as important then as the Internet is today for spreading of knowledge and communication. In Baghdad and other cultural centers during the Islamic renaissance (文艺复兴), there was a massive intellectual outpouring, which 45 the Chinese invention of paper, would have been limited in scope.五、申请信46．假定你是宏远中学学生李华，得知一个国际中学生组织将在长沙举办夏令营，正在招募志愿者。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考卷(二)语文(含答案)
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（二）语文得分：_____________ 本试卷共10页，时量150分钟，满分150分。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一中国诗词讲究含蓄，以淡为美。
而英美诗歌则比较奔放，以感情激越为胜。
另外，中国诗词多以歌颂为主，而英美现代诗歌多以揭露为主。
中国诗人或托物言志，或借景抒情，永远把自己的情感埋藏于诗词之中，我们只有通过“感悟”才可能感觉出其美，最突出的例子莫过于马致远的《天净沙·秋思》。
他几乎没有用一个表达感情的词语，只是把“枯藤”“老树”“昏鸦”简单地排列在一起，寥寥几笔便勾勒出一幅凄凉寂寥的景象，后面两句把几种事物列在一处，却恰如其分地渲染了寂寞、惨淡的气氛，“夕阳西下”更是给整幅画面涂上了一层昏黄的颜色，最后一笔带出“断肠人在天涯”，感觉上前后好像并无直接联系，但感情是连贯的，思路也是连贯的。
一口气读下来，仿佛自己就是诗人所描绘的画中的游子，引起强烈的共鸣。
然而几种事物的并列，虽然没有任何的主观感情，却比再多的语言都要强烈地表达了一种孤寂凄清的感情，这正是中国古典诗歌的魅力所在。
相比之下，英美现代诗歌强调写资本主义社会中畸零人的心理，比较直率地把诗人的所要表达的意思表现出来，直抒胸臆而毫无造作，言尽而意亦尽，回味的空间相对缩小了，但这样比较符合西方人的心理特征、思维特征。
（摘编自吕洋《中西方诗歌比较》）材料二①与中国古典诗歌弱化主体的倾向不同，西方诗歌中的主体差不多总是在场的。
以十四行诗为例，主体总是堂而皇之地出现在诗中，站出来讲话。
这样，西方诗歌就形成了与中国诗歌迥然不同的风格。
②诗歌的风格离不开其文化土壤。
在中国，流行的思想是人与自然的和谐，这种观念的形成与中国人的生活方式和生活环境有关。
早在新石器时代，农业经济就已经建立起来。
几千年来，自给自足的经济稳定繁荣，因此，人们非常依赖自然环境，对自然世界的任何微妙变化都很敏感，他们渴望与自然亲密接触。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)语文试题(含答案)
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）语文本试卷共10页，时量150分钟，满分150分。
一、现代文阅读（34分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
（一）①因为儒家政治构想的最高目标是旨在修身齐家治国平天下的“人”，人与人之间伦理认同即是根本和逻辑起点。
这种伦理的内涵，有着更为普遍和更为基础的对天下之“人”的论述。
先秦时期的中国，以最为根本性的孝、仁来建构人与人的认同，来建构自己与“他者”共在的联系，即天下。
②周朝的天下，以宗法制为联结，宗法制的伦理根基是“孝”。
家庭共同体有了孝的概念，孝的延伸就是天下共同体之“仁”。
仁不是与他者的对立，而是与他者的共生共通。
“仁”即是处理人与人关系的概念，处理人与人之间关系，逻辑上首先要处理与亲人的关系。
只有实现家庭内部的“亲亲”，才能实现向外的“爱人”。
人与家庭共生，通过“仁”的概念转向了人与天下共生。
因此理想的天下就是“不独亲其亲，不独子其子”。
天下大同，是仁孝概念的逻辑必然，也是伦理化天下的根本内涵。
换句话说，天下其实就是人类的伦理共同体，因此在这个共同体之内，就不可能有民族歧视。
③天下为一家，意味着“他者”的取消，即不以政体或民族区分敌我，而是在伦理关系中确证对方的独立性，并与对方共生共在。
天下一家的秩序展现在现实中，就是以伦理关系为核心的礼制。
凡天下之人，皆需仁孝，而仁孝就要服从礼制，服从礼制就要服从天子。
因此，家与天下就在政治秩序层面实现了同构。
随着大一统的实现，天下之内没有了其他的国，国家秩序也就成了天下秩序。
这种伦理化的天下秩序不断将边缘的地域和人民纳入天下中来，荀子说：“四海之内若一家，通达之属莫不从服。
”④后世的中国人，往往不是以民族或者国家来定义中国，而是以文化或文明定义中国。
正是因为中国概念的文明内涵，才导致中国可以消弭地理边界，逐渐与天下趋同。
⑤这种伦理的、文化的天下观念在宋朝受到了某种程度的挑战。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)化学答案
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）化学参考答案一、选择题（本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。
每小题只有一项符合题目要求）题号1234567891011121314答案BAABCCDDCDCACC1．B 【解析】B ．25P O 吸水后的产物有毒，不能用作食品干燥剂。
2．A 【解析】A ．乙醚的结构简式为3223CH CH OCH CH 。
4．B 【解析】B ．用水吸收会产生NO 。
6．C 【解析】C ．电解苛性钠溶液制高铁酸盐的阳极反应：242 Fe 6e 8OH FeO 4H O ----+=+。
11．C 【解析】具有催化活性的是Ni ，图②中没有Ni 原子，则催化活性：①>②，故A 正确；镍酸镧电催化剂立方晶胞中含有1个Ni ，11234⨯=个O ，1818⨯=个La ，镍酸镧晶体的化学式为3LaNiO ，故B 正确；由晶胞结构可知，La 在晶胞的体心，O 在晶胞的棱心，则La 周围紧邻的O 有12个，故C 错误；由晶胞结构可知，La 和Ni 的最短距离为体对角线的一半，为32a ，故D 正确。
14．C 【解析】恒温恒容条件下，气体的压强之比等于气体物质的量之比，故起始时实验②与实验③的压强相等，实验①的压强是实验②与实验③的3倍，则曲线Ⅰ对应实验①，且3m p =，故A 正确；实验①与实验②的温度相等，根据等效平衡可知，实验①与实验②最终会达到相同的平衡状态，故曲线Ⅱ对应实验②，则曲线Ⅲ对应实验③，实验②与实验③充入的Z 一样多，实验③比实验②达到平衡所用的时间长，则Z 的分解反应是吸热反应，随反应的进行，实验③温度降低，反应速率减慢，故正反应是放热反应，故B 正确；根据pV nRT =，c 、d 两点的压强相同，V 相同，由于反应吸热，c 点的温度比d 点低，则c 点的气体物质的量更多，故气体的总物质的量：c d n n >，故C 错误；正反应是放热反应，温度越低，平衡常数越大，故b 点平衡常数小于c 点，故D 正确。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考(一)地理试题
大联考长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷(一)地 理得分 本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。
时量75分钟，满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题(共48分)一 选择题：本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
区域人口迁移通常经历单核心向多核心演化的过程。
下图为我国长三角不同时期人口迁移的空间演化过程示意图。
据此完成1~2题。
1.与单核心阶段相比，多核心阶段人口迁移的特点是A.人口迁移的通道较少B.人口迁移的规模更小C.人口仅在小城镇阿流动D.人口迁移的频次更高2.在多核心阶段，若次级城市吸引力增强，可能带来的影响有①疏导核心城市的人口压力 ②加剧核心城市的逆城市化③降低核心城市的行政级别 ④促进区域经济一体化发展A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④甘肃西接阿尔金山和祁连山，是我国西北地区重要的生态安全屏障。
为规范国土空间开发，实现区域的协调发展，甘肃将全省划分为3个主体功能区：城镇化发展区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区(图1)。
图2示意2021年县域碳排放网络空间关联关系图(节点的大小表示在网络关系中的重要程度，节点间线的长度和粗细表示联系的频繁程度)。
据此完成3~5题。
3.甲、乙、丙分别表示A.城镇化发展区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区B.城镇化发展区、重点生态功能区、农产品主产区C.农产品主产区、重点生态功能区、城镇化发展区D 重点生态功能区、城镇化发展区、农产品主产区关于甘肃省碳排放的说法，正确的是①陇中地区的碳排放强度最小②陇东南地区碳中和压力最大③河西地区因受地形的影响县域间碳排放网络空间联系弱④县域碳排放网络空间紧密度由中小县．域向周边县域递减A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④5.关于城关区的发展方向，下列规划合理的是A.积极推进农创产业及新型农业发展B.积极创新推动低碳试点，发挥低碳引领导向C.积极发展生态经济和文化旅游经济D.积极优化产业结构，停止高耗能产业的发展风和水是干旱地区的两种主要作用力。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考(一) 物理试卷(含答案)
湖南省长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷(一)物理一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共计24分，每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.伽利略在研究匀加速运动规律时, 假设物块沿斜面运动与物块自由下落遵从同样的法则, 他在斜面上用刻度表示物块滑下的路程, 并测出物块通过相应路程的时间, 然后用图线表示整个运动过程, 如图所示。
图中OOOO表示测得的时间,矩形OOOOOOOO的面积表示该时间内物块经过的路程, PP为OOOO的中点, 连接OOPP且延长交OOOO的延长线于BB, 则图中A. OOOO的长度表示平均速度, OOBB的长度表示末速度B. OOOO的长度表示加速度, OOBB的长度表示平均速度C. OOOO的长度表示初速度, OOBB的长度表示平均速度D. OOOO的长度表示平均速度, OOBB的长度表示加速度2.由同种材料制成的物体OO和BB放在足够长的木板上, 随木板一起以速度vv向右做匀速直线运动, 如图所示。
已知物体OO的质量大于BB的质量。
某时刻木板突然停止运动,下列说法正确的是A. 若木板光滑, 物体OO和BB的距离将增大B. 若木板光滑,物体OO和BB的距离将减小C. 若木板粗糙, 物体OO和BB一定会相碰D. 无论木板是光滑还是粗糙,物体OO和BB之间的距离保持不变3.高层住宅外向上提升重物时常采用如图所示装置, 电机通过缆绳牵引重物沿竖直方向匀速上升。
地面上的人通过移动位置使拉绳与竖直方向的夹角ββ保持不变, 设缆绳与竖直方向的夹角为αα, 缆绳的拉力为FF1, 拉绳的拉力为FF2。
则在重物沿竖直方向匀速上升的过程中,下列结论正确的是A. FF1一定变大, FF2可能不变B. FF1可能不变, FF2一定变大C. αα可能大于ββD. αα总是小于ββ4.如图所示, 让两个质量相同的小球用长度不等的细线拴在同一悬点,并使它们在同一水平面内做匀速圆周运动, 则它们运动时的A. 向心加速度大小一定相等B. 周期一定相等C. 线速度大小一定相等D. 向心力大小可能相等5.一跳水运动员从离水面10~mm高的平台上向上跃起, 举双臂直体离开台面, 此时其重心位于从手到脚全长的中心, 跃起后重心升高0.45~mm达到最高点, 落水时身体竖直, 手先入水 (在此过程中运动员水平方向的运动忽略不计)。
2021届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三下学期第八次月考数学(文)试题
C． D．
8．如图所示是一个几何体的三视图，则这个几何体外接球的体积为（ ）
A． B． C． D．
9．已知椭圆 与双曲线 有相同的焦点，则 的最大值是（）
A．3B． C．6D．9
10．执行如图所示的程序框图，如果输入的 ，则输出的 （）（其中 表示不超过 的最大整数，如 ， ）
A． B．6C．15D．
160
173
178
169
158
173
体重
57
58
53
61
66
57
50
66
根据最小二乘法的思想与公式求得线性回归方程为 .利用已经求得的线性回归方程，请完善下列残差表，并求解释变量（身高）对于预报变量（体重）变化的贡献值（保留两位有效数字） ；
编号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
体重
57
58
53
61
66
57
50
66
残差
故选：C.
14．某中学开展了丰富多彩的社团文化活动，甲，乙，丙三位同学在被问到是否参加过①街舞社，②动漫社，③器乐社这三个社团时，甲说：我参加过的社团比乙多，但没有参加过动漫社；乙说：我没有参加过器乐社；丙说：我们三个人都参加过同一个社团，由此判断乙参加过的社团序号为_____.
15．在 中，角 所对的边长分别为 ，面积为 ，且 为钝角，则 的取值范围是______.
3．B
【分析】
由已知条件先计算出 的值，然后再计算
【详解】
由已知 ，
则
,
故选B
【点睛】
本题考查了求复数的模，还要运用复数的乘、除法运算，较为基础．
2021届长沙市第一中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析
2021届长沙市第一中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour remarkable inventionsFor more than half a century, the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) has been the place for companies and inventors to display their newest and coolest gadgets.Here are our picks for some of the most interesting and creative inventions.The Sweet Little Rolling RobotSamsung has released Ballie, a tennis-sized robot that can follow you around the house, answer your questions, and entertain your pets. Since it's equipped with a camera, it can keep an eye on your home while you're away. It's like a smart assistant that goes wherever you do, rolling into your bedroom to ring your wake-up alarm, rolling to the kitchen to turn on the toaster and giving you the weather report as you brush your teeth.The Insoles to Pick Up Your PactAny runner knows the right shoes are key to your speed. But Nurvv insoles promise more than mere cushioning. The insoles transmit data to a coaching app, which offers information on your technique and performance. It measures your foot strike and assesses your injury risk. The app then generates personalized workouts to set targets and help you beat your best speeds. Half marathon, here you come!The No-Studio-Needed Yoga ClassCan't keep up your commitment to a yoga studio membership? The Yoganotch personal yoga assistant lets you drop into a virtual class any time you want. Follow along with a set series while 3-D sensors tell you whether you need to straighten your legs a bit more. The idea it that it improves your form while reducing the risk of injury.The Dau-Enhanced GrillWhile working by sight, smell and feel, a chef may appreciate Weber's new Smart Grilling Hub. It can monitor your pork and turkey while an app gives advice about cooking technique and safe temperatures.1. What can the Sweet Little Rolling Robot do?A. Feed your pets.B. Hay tennis with you.C. Take you wherever you want.D. Assist you to do your housework.2. Which of the following is suitable for a runner?A. Ballie.B. Nurvv.C. Yoganotch.D. Smart Grilling Hub.3. What do we know about the Weber’s invention?A. It uses virtual reality.B. It is convenient for cooking.C. It makes meals for you automatically.D. It helps you do well in your yoga exercises.BIt is a question people have been asking for ages. Is there a way to turn back the aging process?For centuries, people have been looking for a “fountain of youth”. The idea is that if you find a magical fountain, and drink from its waters, you will not age.Researchers in New York did not find an actual fountain of youth, but they may have found a way to turn back the aging process. It appears the answer may be hidden right between your eyes, in an area called the hypothalamus (下丘脑). The hypothalamus is part of your brain. It controls important activities within the body.Researchers at New York’s Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that hypothalamus neural (神经的) stem cells also influence how fast aging takes place in the body.What are stem cells(干细胞)? They are simple cells that can develop into specialized cells, like blood or skin cells. Stem cells can also repair damaged tissues and organs.Dongsheng Cai is a professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He was the lead researcher in a study on aging in mice. He and his team reported their findings in the journal Nature, Cai explained when hypothalamus function is in decline, particularly the loss of hypothalamus stem cells, and this protection against the aging development is lost. it eventually leads to aging.Using this information, the researchers began trying to activate, or energize, the hypothalamus laboratory mice. They did this by injecting the animals with stem cells, Later, the researchers examined tissues and tested for changes in behavior. They looked for changes in the strength and coordination (协调) of the animals muscles. They also studied the social behavior and cognitive ability of the mice. The researchers say the results show that the treatment slowed aging in the animals, Cai says injecting middle-aged mice with stem cells from younger mice helped the older animals live longer.But these results were just from studying mice in a laboratory. If the mice can live longer, does that mean people could have longer lives? The next step is to see if the anti-aging effects also work in.4. In Paragraph 2 a “fountain of youth” is mentioned to ________.A. introduce the main topicB. show a hidden secret.C. describe scientists researchD. recommend a way to stay young5. Aging takes place in the body when _______.A. stem cells develop into specialized cellsB. there are important activities within the bodyC. hypothalamus neural stem cells fail to protect against agingD. the hypothalamus fails to repair damaged tissues and organs6. What do we know about the researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine from the text?A. They did experiments to see how stem cells work.B. They studied mice to find their connection with humans.C. They have found a possible way to slow the aging progress.D. They have found no changes in mice s behavior during the experiment7. What will the researchers probably do next?A. They will help some animals live longer.B. They will announce the fountain of youth doesn’t existC. They will develop products to help people live a longer life immediatelyD. They will do research to see if what they have found in mice will apply to humans.CWilliam had worked hard to pass the exams to enter high school. When the term began, however, his father told him that there was no money to pay for his school fees because of the summer drought. Still, William wanted to learn.He made the village library his school. One day, he found a book calledUsing Energy. On the book’s cover was a picture of windmills, tall steel towers with blades (叶片) spinning like giant fans. He learned that wind—something of which his hometown had plenty—could produce electricity.He couldn’t help picturing his own windmill in mind, but collecting the parts and tools he needed would take months. In a junkyard, he dug through piles of used metal, old cars, and worn-out tractors, searching for anything that might help him construct his machine. He made four-foot-long blades from plastic pipe, which he melted overa fire, flattened out, and hardened with bamboo poles.Earning some money, he paid a blacksmith to attach the piston (活塞) to the pedal sprocket (踏板链轮) of an old bicycle frame. This would be the axle (轮轴) of the windmill. When the wind blew, the spinning blades would turn the bicycle wheel and spin a small dynamo (发电机), donated by his friend.When he had collected all the parts, William began putting them together. He fixed the blades to the tractor fan he found, using washers (垫圈) he’d made from bottle caps. Next he pushed the fan onto the piston joint to the bicycle frame. With the help of his two best friends, Williambuilt a 16-foot-tall tower from trunks of trees and lifted the ninety-pound windmill to the top.The big moments eventually came. He climbed up the tower and connected two wires that held a small bulb. As the wind whipped around him, the blades began to turn, slowly at first, then faster and faster. The light bulb flickered (闪烁), then flashed to life. The crowd cheered from below. “Wachitabwina (well done)!”William’s machine now powered his house. And the story of the boy who’d built a power-generating windmill to rescue his family from the drought spread across the Internet.8. After readingUsing Energy, what did William decide to do?A. Make use of wind.B. Enter a high school.C. Build a village library.D. Learn to survive a drought.9. According to Para.3, which of the following word can best describe William?A. Humorous.B. Determined.C. Cooperative.D. Friendly.10. What can you learn about William’s machine?A. It was built by villagers.B. It worked at the first attempt.C. It took him years to complete it.D. It was made from metal materials.11. What is the besttitle for the passage?A. Winds Of HopeB. Ideas Worth SpreadingC. Learning from ExperienceD. Windmills for VillagesDAdvertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics(批评家)seem to hate them because they have so much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising andreduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods is largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the incidents and disasters.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch” column(栏目) but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!12. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Advertisements steal money from our pocketsB. The critics get the wrong idea of advertisements.C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D. Advertisements are everywhere.13. What is the attitude of the author toward advertisements?A. He appreciates the role of advertisements.B. He doubts the effect of advertisements.C. He believes what is said in advertisements.D. He complains too many advertisements in daily life.14. Which of the following is Not True?A. The personal or “agony” column makes us know more about human nature.B. The only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.C. A newspaper will cost us more if there is no advertisement on it.D. Advertisement makes our life color1 ful.15. Whicof the following shows the structure of the passage?( ①=" Paragraph" 1, ②=" paragraph" 2, ③=" paragraph" 3, ④=" paragraph" 4 ⑤=" paragraph" 5)A B.C. D.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)政治
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）思想政治本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。
时量75分钟，满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷选择题（共48分）一、选择题（本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．继2024年1月德国火车司机罢工后，当地时间3月12日，德国汉莎航空约1.9万工会成员举行罢工，造成1000余个航班被取消，12万名旅客的出行受到影响。
汉莎航空工会组织此次罢工主要是为了向航空公司施压，要求为空乘人员增加工资并提供通胀补贴。
此外，工会诉求还包括增加带薪休假时间、提高养老金和退休保障等。
下列对德国工人罢工分析正确的是（）A．工人阶级和资产阶级的矛盾可以通过谈判来解决B．资本家可以通过提高工人工资来解决资本主义基本矛盾C．资本主义基本矛盾是工人进行罢工的总根源D．工会工人罢工是资本主义经济危机的基本特征2．2024年3月28日，西藏各族各界群众身着节日盛装，纪念西藏百万农奴解放65周年。
1959年3月28日，百万农奴得到彻底解放，成为自己命运的主人，实现了做人的权利，享有法律规定的公民权利。
由此可见（）①社会主义制度让百万农奴获得了新生②农奴制阻碍了人的发展，是历史的倒退③农奴的全部产品都归农奴主占有和支配④劳动人民被压迫、剥削的历史在西藏终结A．①②B．①④C．②③D．③④3．习近平总书记指出，历史是最好的教科书，也是最好的清醒剂。
我们党一经成立就鲜明提出“党的根本政治目的是实行社会革命”。
只有把党建设得更加坚强有力，才能确保中国式现代化劈波斩浪、行稳致远。
这要求中国共产党（）A．坚定道路自信，用马克思主义理论体系武装全党B．坚持和加强从严治党，以自我革命引领社会革命C．坚定理想信念，融个人理想于国家民族梦想之中D．推动社会主义事业建设的伟大工程，并一以贯之4．2024年4月26日，由广州地铁集团与腾讯公司共同成立的广州穗腾数字科技有限公司揭牌。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2022-2023学年高三下学期月考(八)历史试卷 Word版无答案
雅礼中学2023届高三月考试卷（八）历史注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选用每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷选择题（共48分）一、选择题（本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求）1．考古发现，良渚古城周边存在大规模水利系统，河道、灌水孔、排水槽，规划有致；存在众多宽大田埂，纵横交错，蔓延近8万平方米；在古城核心莫角山南侧还发现了20万千克的稻谷堆积。
这表明当时该地区A.统治阶级主导农田管理和经营B.具备了国家的初始形态C.农业技术精耕细作的特征初显D.阶级分化已经日益明显2．春秋时期，鲁国有个卿大夫家族叫作三桓，三桓将鲁国原有的上下两军扩充为上中下三军，三桓各掌握一军。
这种情况说明A 封建官僚体制确立 B.分封制度已经全面崩溃C.政治权力下移明显D.争霸战争促使公室强大3．唐太宗对将崔氏定为一等高门的高士廉等人说："我与山东崔、卢、李、郑，旧既无嫌，为其世代衰微，全无官宦，犹自云士大夫，婚姻之间，则多索财物。
或才识庸下，而偃仰自高，贩鬻松，依托富贵。
我不解人间何为重之？"这反映了A.门当户对的观念B.士族门阀声望尚高C.君主专制的加强D.儒家思想受到冲击4．下表为唐代敦煌户籍资料关于"受田"的统计。
这可以用来说明A.赋役制度有待调整B.中央政府权力减弱C.国家严控土地交易D.小农经济大量破产5．清朝统治者延续和利用蒙古族传统的会盟制度，盟旗制度下的会盟内容为"简稽军实，巡阅边防，清理刑名，编审丁册"，盟长是理藩院和各旗札萨克的中间联络者，无权干涉各旗札萨克对本旗的行政管理工作。
盟旗制度A .有利于加强对各旗监督 B.促使蒙古和内地制度一体化C.体现了民族平等的原则D.体现了专制皇权的空前强化6．我国古代对外来农作物的命名不断发生变化，秦汉至唐宋的外来农作物名称是胡萝卜、胡荽（香菜）、胡椒，唐宋至明清的名称是蕃薯、蕃茄、蕃豆（花生），清朝以后是洋虫洋葱、洋白菜。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考卷(二)化学(含答案)
长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第二次月考化学时量：75分钟满分：100分可能用到的相对原子质量：H~l C~12 N～14 O~16 S~32 Cu～64 Ga～70一、选择题(本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。
每小题只有一项符合题目要求)1.材料科技与人类文明密切相关。
下列叙述正确的是A．玻璃是晶体，有固定的熔点B．天津大学研发的石墨烯芯片引领电子行业的新革命，石墨烯属于新型烯烃C．我国用于制造世界最大口径反射镜的碳化硅，属于新型无机非金属材料D．天宫二号使用的碳纤维是—种有机高分子材料2.下列化学用语表示正确的是A．晶态SiO2和非晶态SiO2衍射图谱对比：B．固体HF中的链状结构：C．二聚AlCl3中Al的杂化方式：sp3D．石墨的层状结构：3.基本概念和理论是化学思维的基石。
下列叙述不正确的是A．VSEPR理论认为VSEPR模型与分子的空间结构不一定相同B．电子云图中的小黑点越密，表示电子在核外空间出现的概率密度越大C．五彩斑斓的霓虹灯光，与原子核外电子跃迁有关，属于吸收光谐D．“电子气理论”可以解释金属晶体的延展性，导电性和导热性4.如图所示，下列装置合理的是A．图甲：可用于制备明矾晶体B．图乙：制取金属铝C．图丙：检验纯碱中含有钾元素D．图丁：实验室制备NH35.在N保护和搅拌下，向FeSO4溶液中加入适量NaOH溶液，得到少量Fe(OH)2沉淀，持续通N2升温至40℃，将气体切换为空气，浊液体系由浅绿色变深，形成蓝绿色沉淀Fe6(OH)12SO4(反应1)(Fe的价态有+2和+3)，继续通入空气，沉淀最后转化为黄色固体FeOOH(反应2)。
此时若停止通空气，向体系中补充适量NaOH并调控温度，FeOOH可以变为Fe6(OH)12SO4(反应3)，也可转化为黑色磁性物质(反应4)。
关于以上过程的说法错误的是SO+2H2O=2Fe6(OH)12SO4A．反应1：2Fe2++10Fe(OH)2+O2+22-4B．反应4中FeOOH被还原生成了Fe3O4C．Fe6(OH)12SO4中有2个+3价FeD．反应2中若生成3molFeOOH，转移3mole-6.某含铜催化剂的阴离子的结构如图所示。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)政治答案
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）思想政治参考答案一、选择题（本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）题号12345678910111213141516答案C B B A B D B C A A C B C A B D 1．C【解析】在资本主义社会，无产阶级与资产阶级的矛盾是不可调和的，A、B不选。
资本主义社会基本矛盾是生产社会化与生产资料私有制之间的矛盾，这是资本主义社会一切矛盾和冲突的总根源，C说法正确。
生产相对过剩是资本主义社会经济危机的基本特征，D不选。
2．B【解析】由材料可知，社会主义制度让百万农奴获得了新生，劳动人民被压迫、剥削的历史在西藏终结，①④符合题意。
农奴制相对于奴隶制是一种历史的进步，②表述过于绝对。
农奴不完全等同于奴隶，并没有丧失全部产品，农奴可以有自己的家庭和少量财产，且该选项与题意不符，③不选。
3．B【解析】坚持和加强从严治党，以自我革命引领社会革命，通过自我革命，党能够不断净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高，从而确保党的先进性和纯洁性，进而引领社会革命，才能确保中国式现代化劈波斩浪、行稳致远，B正确。
材料强调加强党的建设才能确保中国式现代化劈波斩浪、行稳致远，并未强调道路自信及用马克思主义理论体系武装全党、个人理想和国家梦想的关系，A、C不选。
党的建设是伟大工程，D不选。
4．A【解析】由广州地铁集团与腾讯公司共同成立的广州穗腾数字科技有限公司揭牌，该公司属于混合所有制性质，体现了国有企业与民营企业深化合作，发挥各自优势，取长补短，实现了多元资本间的交叉持股与融合，①正确。
该公司致力打造“数智城轨”新格局，体现了该公司的成立将加速推动新质生产力的形成和发展，③正确。
材料没有凸显民营经济在市场竞争中的优势，②不选。
国有经济对基础交通业具有控制力，④错误。
5．B【解析】我国政府通过加强和优化公共服务，保障社会公平正义，促进共同富裕，更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，把罕见病用药纳入医保，体现了政府的公共服务职能，③符合题意。
2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期月考(五)英语试题
2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期月考（五）英语试题Driving has always been my escape. And then I have kids. Kids change the whole freedom of the road experience. They arrive in your backseat one day, like some crying VIPs that you need to carry around, and nothing is ever quite the same again.These days, with three kids between the ages of 1 and 6 lined up in the backseat, I find that driving my car has become more about predicting what might erupt at any moment. So, for those of you about to become parents, here are some types of kids you’ll have in your car.1. The Complainers“Are we there yet?”“Why is it taking so long?”“I’m so bored that I hate your fat face, Dad!”When kids are tired or feel a little annoyed, they complain. And nothing can make a car ride worse than a steady stream of complaint coming from the backseat.2. The BoxersOnce you have two kids back there who’ve reached the age of 3 or 4, you can be absolutely certain that, if they are within even a long arm stretch of one another, they will hit each other in the face more frequently than most parents ever want to admit.3. The Hungry VikingsMy kids attack the snack and let it fall anywhere they may. I don’t know why I continue to let my kids eat in the car. Maybe it’s because we’re on the go a lot? Maybe it’s because I’m a complete idiot? Regardless of the real reason, the fact of the matter is that kids under, say 15 seem to eat food in a moving vehicle much the same way that I imagine hungry Vikings used to tear a barely-cooked turkey leg whenever they set foot on shore after a long period at sea.4. The ConversationalistsKids are really great traveling companions a lot of the time-especially when they’re fast asleep. But when they’re just sitting back there talking to you, listening to you, and smiling at you in the rearview mirror (后视镜), those are the best times in the world.1. What has changed the author’s driving experience?A．Getting married. B．Dealing with VIPs.C．Carrying kids in the car. D．Having naughty kids in the family.2. Why does the author call little kids boxers?A．They usually practice boxing in the car.B．They usually fight each other like boxers.C．They always pretend to be boxers.D．They always watch boxing matches in the car.3. When the author describes kids in the car as Vikings, he really means ________.A．they are always hungryB．they have little food to eat in the carC．they throw food everywhereD．they behave wildly like stealing thingsThirty-four years after graduating from high school, I found myself sitting with some of my former classmates for an all-school reunion.Our conversation centered around funny things and what our classmates were up to now. Eventually, the conversation came to a classmate, Janelle. Jill said, “Has anyone been in touch with Janelle?” Diana said, “I tried to contact her for our last reunion. She never responded.” Jill said, “I’ve always felt bad about how she was treated.” There was a general murmur of agreement around the table.It had started in elementary school when Danny, a popular kid who was always looking to be the center of attention, caught a glimpse of Janelle picking her nose. Unaware that she was being watched, she slipped her finger into her mouth. Immediately, Danny pointed at Janelle and exclaimed, “She ate her boogers (鼻屎)! THAT is SO disgusting.” The boys had a “grossed out”(恶心的) look on their faces and the taunt (嘲弄) was repeated by every boy. By the end of the next day, everyone in our class had known Janelle’s new nickname —“booger eater” and called it at least once. Reluctant to join in, somehow we did it anyway.“Janelle never did anything. She just looked sad. Unfortunately, no one else did anything either. I wish any one of us had stood up for her,” said Jill. Everyone around the table agreed.Each of us shared a time when we were reminded of Janelle over the years. Jill shared how her own daughter was bullied in school. Diana shared how her son came home from school and told her about his classmate being bullied, and they talked about how he could stand up for the child being bullied. I shared how we taught acceptance and kindness in my school. Several of us had tears in our eyes as we talked. We all regretted the part we played in the bullying.When it was time to leave, Diana said, “I want to believe that, even though we cannot make amends (补偿) directly to Janelle, we can at least forgive ourselves. Let’s make an agreement going forward to do small acts of kindness in Janelle’s honor. We hugged each other tightly with damp eyes and agreed. I said, “I’m glad something good came out of that neg ative experience that happened so long ago.” Although forgiveness didn’t occur the way we wanted it to —with Janelle— forgiving ourselves feels good. We can’t change the past, but we can forgive and move forward.4. Why did Jill feel bad about how Janelle was treated?A．Jill was a close friend of Janelle’s.B．Jill unwillingly called Janelle “booger eater”.C．Jill regretted not standing up for Janelle.D．Jill was the one who started the nickname.5. What was the outcome of the reunion for the classmates?A．They vowed to change the past.B．They decided to contact Janelle again.C．They determined to be kind to others.D．They apologized to Janelle for their behavior.6. What life lesson did the author learn?A．Forgiving others is forgiving ourselves.B．Demonstrating regret is of great importance.C．Reunion with classmates helps reflect ourselves.D．We should learn from the past and strive to be better.7. What is the best title for the text?A．No Bullying B．Behaving OurselvesC．Seeking Forgiveness D．Bidding Farewell to the PastVast stretches of America are dominated by corn, nearly 100m acres of it, stretching from Ohio to the Dakotas. What once was forest or open prairie (大草原) today produces the corn that feeds people, cattle and, when made into ethanol (乙醇), cars.Now, the na tion’s airlines want to power their planes with corn, too. Their ambitious goal would likely require nearly doubling ethanol production, which airlines say would slash their greenhouse gas emissions. If they succeed, it could transform America’s Corn Belt yet again, boosting farmers and ethanol producers alike, but also potentially further damaging one of the nation’s most important resources: groundwater.Corn is a water-intensive crop and it can take hundreds of gallons to produce a single gallon of ethanol. But as airlines embrace the idea of ethanol, prompting lobbyists (游说者) for ethanol makers and corn growers alike to push for clean-energy tax credits in Washington, vital aquifers (地下水层) face serious risks. “We’re on track to massively increase water usage without any real sense of how sensitive our aquifers are, “ said Jeffrey Broberg, who is concerned about groundwater in Minnesota. a major corn state, where he is a water-use consultant and founder of the Minnesota Well Owners Organization.United Airlines this veal signed a deal with a Nebraska ethanol company to buy enough sustainable aviation fuel as the biofuel is known, to power 50, 000 flights a year. In August, Delta announced a plan to create a sustainable fuel hub(中心) in Minnesota. The Biden administration could decide onits tax incentives (激励) for the industry as soon as December. “Mark my words, the next 20 years, farmers are going to provide 95% of all the sustainable airline fuel, ’’President Biden said in July.This year a New York Times data investigation found that groundwater is being dangerously exhausted nationwide, largely by agricultural overuse. As climate change makes rainfall less reliable and intensifies droughts, rising demand for ethanol could put even more pressure on Amer ica’s fragile aquifers to be used for irrigation.8. What does the underlined word “slash” mean in paragraph 2?A．Increase. B．Decrease. C．Maintain. D．Transform.9. What is the potential risk of the increased use of ethanol in aviation fuel?A．Decreased water usage.B．Increased reliance on aquifers.C．A boost in clean-energy tax credits.D．Expansion of. corn production.10. What can we learn from paragraph 4?A．Farmers will double their ethanol production.B．The sustainable aviation fuel will not gain popularity in the future.C．Farmers will play a major part in the sustainable aviation fuel industry.D．The Biden administration opposes the new aviation fuel to protect the aquifers.11. What is the main idea of the text?A．The Biden administration’s a ttitude to the corn and ethanol industry.B．Using corn-based ethanol can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.C．Groundwater resources are being dangerously exhausted due to agricultural overuse.D．Using corn-based ethanol in aviation may lead to increased groundwater exhaustion.Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an intense need to resolve uncertainty according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt.In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students willingness to expose themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another half were told only that some were electrified. When left alone in the room, the students who did not knowwhich ones would shock them clicked more pens and suffered more shocks than the students who knew that would occur.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other irritants, such as the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.“The drive t o discover is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter, “says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. “Curiosity is often considered a good instinct — it can lead to new scientific advances, for instance — but sometimes such inquiry can backfire. ”The insight that unhealthy curiosity can drive you to do self- destructive things is a profound one.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the outcome of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine whether it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term consequences is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.12. What can we learn about the experiment by behavioral scientists in paragraph 2?A．The total of the subjects is 27.B．All the pens were not electrified.C．Equally many shocks happened to all the subjects.D．No subjects were exposed to the pens previously.13. What does the underlined word “irritants” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Stimulants. B．Solutions. C．Criteria. D．Purposes.14. What is the attitude of Christopher Hsee towards curiosity?A．Approving. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.15. What is paragraph 5 of the text mainly about?A．The cause of unhealthy curiosity.B．The negative impact of unhealthy curiosity.C．The underlying feature of unhealthy curiosity.D．The practical measure to resist unhealthy curiosity.You know the feeling--your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb (麻木的), and you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, know ing it would be painful, but you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic (自讨苦吃的), or is there something else going on? 16 .Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour and bitter-- it’s a sensation. 17 . When we eat foods containing capsaicin (辣椒素), our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins (内啡肽) which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure---like painkillers.This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr Tamara Rosenbaum, Cognitive Neuroscientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, explains in an interview with the BBC that this is 18 . Furthermore, we obtain pleasure from the other ingredients chilli is generally cooked and eaten with- including fat, sugar and salt. So-like skydiving-eating, chilli is a form of thrill-seeking, 19 .This masochistic relationship with capsaicin started in the Andes of South America, where chilli peppers originate. Humans were one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin. As archaeological evidence suggests, they started cultivating chilli peppers about six thousand years ago. Human intervention changed the chilli pepper to suit human tastes and needs--including the pepper’s colour, size and capsaicin content-helping to explain the many different types of chilli peppers now available. 20 . We eat around 57. 3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chilli is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea. Maybe we are masochistic after all.One night I decided to spend some time building a happier and closer relationship with my daughter. For several weeks she had been _______ me to play chess with her, so I suggested a game and she eagerly _______. It was a school night, however, and at nine o’clock my daughter asked if I could _______ my moves, because she _______ to go to bed; she had to get up at six in the morning. I knew she had strict bedtime, but I thought she ought to be able to _______ some of this strictness. I said to her, “Come on, you can _______ late for once. We’re having fun.” We played on for another fifteen minutes, during which time she _______ her fingers on the chessboard. Finally she said, “Please, Daddy, do it quickly.” “No”, I replied, “If you’re going to play it well, you’re going to play it _______.” And so we continued for another ten minutes, _______ suddenly my daughter burst into tears, and ________.Clearly I had made a(n)________. I had started the evening wanting to have a(n)________ time with my daughter but had allowed my desire to win to become more ________ than my relationship with my daughter. When I was a child, my desire to win ________ me much. As a parent, I ________ that it got in my way. So I had to change.21.A．training B．asking C．driving D．advising 22.A．waited B．apologized C．responded D．accepted 23.A．slow B．repeat C．accelerate D．check 24.A．agreed B．managed C．desired D．pretended 25.A．treasure B．ensure C．adjust D．expand 26.A．warm up B．stay up C．wake up D．turn up 27.A．put B．burned C．drummed D．crossed 28.A．cautiously B．frequently C．randomly D．rapidly 29.A．until B．as C．now that D．for fear that 30.A．stepped into my shoes B．threw in thetowelC．made ends meet D．took the upperhand31.A．appointment B．attempt C．difference D．mistake 32.A．subsequent B．awkward C．brief D．awesome 33.A．crucial B．casual C．practical D．reliable 34.A．depressed B．benefited C．dominated D．annoyed 35.A．recognized B．added C．denied D．explained阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题(原卷版)
A Making use of willpower.B.Trying to relax ourselves.
C.Developing a good sleep ing an extra alarm.
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor
C The Making of a Good PilotD.A Pilot — Turned Doctor
According to some sleep experts, when hitting the snooze button, you are in fact confusing your body and mind, and throwing yourself into a deep state of being sleepy. The body needs some time to wake up. Therefore, when returning to what will be a light sleep for a brief period of time, you are putting your body back into a sleep mode before waking it again. At that point your body won’t know what it wants, resulting in a sort of half awaken state.
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