The Cultural Patterning Of Space

1. The East and the West are different in their patterning of space.
Americans are taught to perceive and react to the arrangement of objects in space and to think of space as being "wasted" unless it is filled with objects, the Japanese are trained to give meaning to space itself and to value "empty" space.
空间观也许是对 特定环境的适应 ：人口稠密的程 度、耕地的多少 、像海与山这样 的天然屏障的有 无以及一个地区 特征性陆标的多 少。
Part Two Differences
Spatial consciousness in many Western cultures is based on a perception of objects in space, rather than of space itself.But many Asian and other nonnon-European cultures view inner experience as the basis for one's perceptions of physical reality. 西方许多国家对空间的 意识基于对物体在空间 的感觉， 的感觉，而不是对空间 本身的感觉。 本身的感觉。而亚洲和 非欧洲文化却把内在经 验看成是对有形的实体 感觉的基础。 感觉的基础。
希腊文化是历史最悠久的文化之 它已经发展了几千年。 一。它已经发展了几千年。可以 追述到迈锡尼文明和克里特文明 。东罗马帝国和土耳其帝国对希 腊文化产生了重大影响。 腊文化产生了重大影响。
Architecture（建筑） Architecture（建筑）
雅 典 卫 城
The Acropolis
The Parthenon(帕台农神殿 )
Chinese Culture
China ia a great country with a history of 5000 years.Chinese culture is Extensive and profound . Chinese traditional culture, such as fucianism, Buddhism and Taoism as well as Words, painting, architecture, sculpture, has a profound impact on the world.
Greek Culture is one of the oldest cultures. It has evolved over thousands of years. It finds its roots in the Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations. The Roman, the Byzantine and the Ottoman empires have had a major influence on the culture of Greece.
But city like Paris, is laid out with the main streets radiating from centers.
但是，巴黎的街 但是， 道是从中央辐射 开来的。 开来的。
3. In some cultures a significant aspect of spatial perception is shown by the amount of "personal space" people need between themselves and others to feel comfortable and not crowded.
Taoism is a way of life, seeking balanced living within nature. Its symbol represents Yin and Yang in balance. 道是一种“ 道是一种“清静无为 的生活方式。 ”的生活方式。它的 特点是主张阴阳调和 。
Architecture（建筑） Architecture（建筑）
Colosseum (罗马竞技场 ) 罗马竞技场
Arco di Costantino（君士坦丁凯旋门 君士坦丁凯旋门） 君士坦丁凯旋门
Eskimo culture
Eskimo peoples, whose environment is a vast snow plain with few landmarks visible for most of the year, spatial perception is highly developed. The Eskimos can make careful distinctions among different spatial elements. elements. 爱斯基摩人的环境是一片 辽阔的雪原，几乎终年见 辽阔的雪原， 不到什么陆标， 不到什么陆标，于是他们 的空间感就得到了极大的 发展。 发展。他们能区分各空间 元素之间的细微差别。 元素之间的细微差别。
中国是一个有五千 年历史的国家。 年历史的国家。中 国文化博大精深。 国文化博大精深。 中国传统文化， 中国传统文化，包 括儒释道思想以及 文字、绘画、 文字、绘画、建筑 、雕刻对世界有着 深远的影响。 深远的影响。
Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 儒释道思想 Confucius（ Confucius（孔子 (551）(551-479 BCE), according to Chinese tradition, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.
例如，北美人彼此 例如， 感觉舒适所需的空 间距离大约是４ 间距离大约是４英 尺。而阿拉伯人和 拉美人反而是彼此 靠近才会感觉舒服 。
Now,I will tell you a interesting story about "personal space"!
At this new term, Sam(American) and Natherd(Arab) will come to study in china. what will happen to them.........
Greek Philosophy
Socrates（苏格拉底） （苏格拉底）
Plato（柏拉图）
Aristotle（亚里士多德 ） （
Ancient Greek Literature
Homer 《荷马史诗》 荷马史诗》
Roman Culture
The Ancient Romans were well known for their architectural ability. Roman culture was a practical experiencebased system which western thought and language mainly developed from. 古罗马以其建筑 能力著称。 能力著称。古罗 马文化是一种基 马文化是一种基 于实际和经验的 于实际和经验的 体系,是 体系 是西方的思 维和语言主要源 泉。
Calligraphy 书法
Architecture（建筑） Architecture（建筑）
The Great Wall (长城) (长城 长城)
The Imperial Palace（故宫） Palace（故宫）
painting（绘画） painting（绘画）
Spatial perceptions may be adaptations to specific environments: the degree of population density; the amount of arable land; the absence or existence of natural barriers such as the sea or mountains; the amount of distinguishing landmarks in a region.
某些文化对于空间感觉的一个重要方面就体现于人们所 需的彼此感觉舒适却又不觉拥挤的“私人空间” 需的彼此感觉舒适却又不觉拥挤的“私人空间”。
North Americans, for instance, seem to require about four feet of space between themselves and the people near them to feel comfortable. On the other hand, people from Arab countries and Latin America feel comfortable when they are close to each other.
4. Different cultures are not only making diffrences in patterning of space, but also in modes of thinking . Now we will watch a short video about different modes of thinking in different cultures.
美国人被教导在空间中感 知物体的排列和做出反应 ，会认为除非空间中充满 物体，否则就是“ 物体，否则就是“被浪费 了”，而日本人却被训练 为对空间本身赋予意义， 为对空间本身赋予意义， 空旷” 对“空旷”的空间赋于价 值。