2022-2023学年上海师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中考试化学试题
上海市上师大附中2025届高三化学第一学期期中检测试题含解析
上海市上师大附中2025届高三化学第一学期期中检测试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
一、选择题(共包括22个小题。
每小题均只有一个符合题意的选项）1、用CH4催化还原NO x可以消除氮氧化物的污染。
例如：①CH4(g)＋4NO2(g)=4NO(g)＋CO2(g)＋2H2O(g) ΔH＝－574kJ·mol－1②CH4(g)＋4NO(g)=2N2(g)＋CO2(g)＋2H2O(g) ΔH＝－1160kJ·mol－1下列说法不正确的是( )A．由反应①、②可推知：CH4(g)＋2NO2(g)=N2(g)＋CO2(g)＋2H2O(g) ΔH＝－867kJ·mol－1B．等物质的量的甲烷分别参与反应①、②，则反应转移的电子数相等C．若用标准状况下4.48L CH4还原NO2至N2，整个过程中转移的电子总数为3.2N AD．若用标准状况下4.48L CH4还原NO2至N2，放出的热量为173.4kJ2、从酸性蚀刻废液(含Fe3+、Cu2+、Fe2+、H+及Cl－)中回收Cu并制取FeCl3·6H2O，下列图示装置和原理不能．．达到实验目的的是A．用装置甲从废液中还原出CuB．用装置乙进行固液分离C．用装置丙将Fe2+氧化为Fe3+D．用装置丁将丙中反应后的溶液蒸干制取FeCl3·6H2O3、一定温度下，在2L固定容积的密闭容器中发生反应：2N2O5（g）4NO2（g）+O2（g）△H>0，反应物和部分生成物的物质的量随反应时间变化的曲线如图所示，则下列叙述正确的是A．曲线b表示NO2的物质的量随反应时间的变化B．10 s时，正反应速率小于逆反应速率C．20 s时，正反应速率等于逆反应速率D．0-20s内平均反应速率v（N2O5）=0.1 mol·L-1·s-14、今有甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5种物质，在一定条件下，它们能按下图方式进行转化：其推断正确的是（）A．①B．②C．③D．④5、下列实验操作、实验现象以及所得出的结论均正确的是（）选项实验操作实验现象结论A向淀粉碘化钾溶液中通入过量氯气溶液由无色变为蓝色，后蓝色褪去氯气具有强氧化性和漂白性B在Ca(ClO)2溶液中通入SO2气体有沉淀生成酸性：H2SO3＞HClO C草酸溶液滴入酸性高锰酸钾溶液中溶液逐渐褪色草酸溶液具有还原性D向某溶液中加入盐酸酸化的BaCl2溶液有白色沉淀产生该溶液中含有SO24A．A B．B C．C D．D6、将盐酸溶液逐滴滴入NaOH、NaAlO2、Na2CO3的混合溶液中，下列图像能正确表示溶液中反应的是()A ．B ．C ．D ．7、下列相关反应的离子方程式书写正确的是（ ） A ．氢氧化铁溶于氢碘酸:Fe(OH)3+3H + =Fe 3++3H 2OB ．氯化铝溶液中滴加过量的氨水：Al 3＋＋3NH 3·H 2O=Al(OH)3↓＋3NH 4＋C ．NH 4Al(SO 4)2溶液中加入Ba(OH)2溶液使SO 42-完全沉淀: Al 3++2SO 42-+2Ba 2++4OH -= AlO 2-+2BaSO 4↓+2H 2OD ．NaHCO 3溶液中加入过量的Ba(OH)2溶液:2HCO 3-+Ba 2++2OH - =BaCO 3↓+2H 2O+ CO 32- 8、下列事实中不能用勒夏特列原理解释的是( ) A ．久置的氯水pH 值变小B ．向稀盐酸中加入少量蒸馏水，溶液中氢离子浓度降低C ．合成氨工厂通常采用20MPa~50MPa 压强，以提高原料的利用率D ．工业生产硫酸过程中使用过量的空气以提高二氧化硫的利用率9、已知298K 时，K sp (NiS)=-212-21.010mol L ⋅⨯，K sp (NiCO 3)=-72-21.010mol L ⋅⨯； p(Ni)=-lg c (Ni 2+)，p(B)=-lg c (S 2-)或-lg c (23CO -)。
上海师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷
上海师范大学附属中学 2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age of 5 with her family. While ___1___ (take) care of her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine. At 18 she married and started a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a doctor. Her husband supported her decision. Unfortunately, Canadian medical schools did not accept women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States ___2___(study) medicine at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia. ___3___ took her five years to earn her medical degree.Upon graduation, Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic. Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, ___4___ she was once again a busy doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, ___5___ delivering all the babies in the area.But Charlotte had been practising without a license. She had applied for a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, ___6___ was refused. The Manitoba College of Medicines, ___7___ all-male organization, wanted her to complete her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to leave her patients to spend time studying ___8___ she already knew. So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to issue a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte continued to practise ___9___ a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.In 1993, 77 years after her death, a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision ____10____(make) by the Manitoba Legislature to honour “this courageous and pioneering woman”.Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Volunteer Experience in GhanaIt is not quite six in the morning. I am half asleep in a van that in the United States would seat maybe six people. Here in Ghana though, its insides have been replaced with wooden benches that can accommodate twelve of us. I use the term “accommodate” loosely; we are squeezed so tight in together ___11___ sometimes my arm goes numb (麻木的).This goes on for two hours every morning, from Monday to Friday, so that I ___12___ get to the slum town school where I teach.___13___ (arrive) at the destination always fills me with fear. The school originally functioned as a daycare type service free to the children of single mothers. ___14___ the children got older, the coordinator took it upon herself to set up a space to teach them. Into this tiny space they squeeze anywhere between 80 and 120 children under the age of six. It is literally so full of children that you have to move them out of the way by shoving (推开) them with your feet ___15___ (avoid) stepping on them.Within days, I have already learned most of their names. There are the troublemakers who spend their time ___16___(hit) one another and causing chaos in hopes that their negative behavior will attract attention to themselves. All of my child psychology classes tell me to ignore the behavior ___17___ responding to it may reinforce the behavior.Then there are the ones that make your heart bleed. The five-year-old girl who ___18___ (sit) in the front row, is ready to learn whatever knowledge we can throw her way. She learns whatever we teach her, at a pace ___19___ takes my breath away. She far outpaces any Western five-year-old I’ve ever worked with, and she’s learning in English when her family only knows and speaks Twi, a local language.I look at this decrepit (破旧的) classroom and these children in their ragged clothes, and think of ____20____ different this is from the American classrooms I’ve known.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The digital revolution has had a huge impact on every aspect of our society. For content creators, life looks nothing like it did just a couple of decades ago. Back then, all you had to do is to take the tape off the camera and put it on your ___21___ player. At most, you had to read an article to understand the difference between HS and Betamax. Video was only consumed in two ways: television or cinema. Nowadays, you’ll probably run out of fingers ___22___ how many video formats (格式) there are out there, let alone the number of platforms and devices on which video is played. Understanding what each video format is and does is no child’s play. In fact, it is a “must” if you want your work to look the best regardless of where and how it is played. If, for example, you want to ___23___ a video website, the type of file you’ll need to use will most likely to be different from the one you’ll have to create for your social media accounts. In order to make this whole process a lot easier, we have put together a list of the most common video formats and which ones you should use for each purpose.So what’s the best video format?___24___, there isn’t a cure-all when it comes to video sharing. The good thing is that it’s actually really easy to ___25___ between video formats. If you do so, be sure to always save the original file in order to avoid ___26___ of image quality due to file compression(压缩).Here are three of the most common video uses and the ___27___ formats for each of them:●Social media: MP4 is supported by Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, IGTV, and YouTube. Facebook also___28___ MOV, while YouTube accepts most video formats.●TV and computers: A VI, MOV, and MKV ___29___ the highest quality image which makes them great options for big screen streaming.●Website: WEBM and HTML5 are the video formats meant for your account. However, using tools such as Wix Video will allow you to work with almost any file ____30____, as well as offer you much more control over your work.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canonly be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The value of upcyclingRecycling is a well-known idea that refers to reusing waste materials in any way possible. But what about “upcycling”? It’s a new word, even though it’s something that has been going on since human ____31____ began. It means reusing waste materials so that they have greater value. Throughout history, people have always done creative things with “trash”. For example, they’ve used straw and dead leaves to make roofs, skin from dead animals to make leather goods, and wood from ____32____ trees to make boats. So why is there a new word for it now?One answer to this question is that we reuse fewer and fewer things, and so have become a (n) “____33____” society. This has raised huge questions about waste: Where can we____34____ it all? Will it pollute the environment? Could it be ____35____ to our health? The evidence is everywhere—even in the Pacific Ocean, where billions of bits of broken____36____ float near the surface. Fish eat them, and then we eat the fish.So upcyclers have adopted this new word to focus people’s attention on how waste cannot simply be reused, but be reused ____37____. In fact, upcyclers don’t like the idea of waste and prefer to call it an “asset”, something of value. Nowadays, there are lots of organizations that ____38____ products with upcycled material. Some artists and designers have upcycled things like denim from old jeans to make rugs, and wood from old houses to make furniture. Others have even used candy wrappers to make handbags! Sometimes they’ll add a(n) ____39____ element to their products, such as a beautiful mosaic (马赛克) made with broken dishes. With a (n) _____40_____ supply of “assets”, it seems that upcycling has a great future.三、完形填空Deliverance(解救) for Delivery Drivers?ZOOOOOOOOM A gust of air, the hum of spinning wheels, and a flash of color whizzing past. I’m sure that we have all stepped into the crosswalk, at one time or another, and experienced this sudden, heart-stopping ___41___. I am, of course, referring to deliverydrivers ___42___ through crossroads to deliver takeaway food.Over the past few years, delivery drivers have been criticized, fined, and even ___43___ for breaking traffic laws across China. Delivery drivers often ___44___ red lights, disregard speed limits, and pay little attention to pedestrian crossings. But they also often pay the___45___ price — each year, it seems like fatal injuries involving delivery drivers are increasing. ___46___, since delivery drivers are usually poorly paid, how much blame do they really deserve for running against the clock?Well, it ___47___ to be a complicated issue. Recently an article titled “Delivery Drivers, Stuck in the System” was shared widely on social media. According to the article, ___48___ between delivery services Ele.me and Meituan has caused each app to take increasingly extreme measures to out-do(超过) the other. This has included the shortening of delivery time windows. It has been ___49___, in part, through a combination of rewards for early delivery and severe punishments for late delivery. Over time, the platforms have only increased these ___50___ on drivers. As a result, drivers find themselves in a dilemma(左右两难的困境)：break traffic laws or, in some cases, lose hundreds of yuan in earnings for late deliveries.According to surveys and reactions online, ___51___ care much whether their deliveries are a few minutes late, while most believe that it is not worth risking someone’s life for. In response, Ele.me and Meituan have added a combination of features to ___52___ delivery times for slow elevators or bad weather conditions.Although these new ___53___ cannot solve the underlying problems of intense competition or the inherent dangers of driving, they should, in some measure, start reducing some of the pressure on drivers. In the meantime, as ___54___, we can help to make life for delivery riders safer and easier. ___55___, be a considerate person and don’t leave them waiting for too long. If you see a food delivery guy rushing toward you on an escalator or into a door, consider standing back and letting him go first. After all, they are putting their lives on the line just to deliver our food.41．A．fright B．delight C．pain D．sorrow 42．A．running B．walking C．rushing D．wandering 43．A．arrested B．fired C．blamed D．praised 44．A．destroy B．ignore C．observe D．interrupt 45．A．everlasting B．dramatic C．slight D．final 46．A．However B．Namely C．Indeed D．Surprisingly47．A．decides B．refuses C．turns out D．takes turns 48．A．comparison B．contrast C．competition D．cooperation 49．A．adapted B．achieved C．adopted D．assumed 50．A．motivations B．advantages C．pressures D．skills 51．A．some B．few C．many D．we 52．A．reduce B．expand C．narrow D．extend 53．A．actions B．behaviors C．features D．conditions 54．A．humans B．consumers C．friends D．taxpayers 55．A．In one word B．As a result C．For example D．On the contrary四、阅读理解Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”56．What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A．They’re unfair.B．They’re conservative.C．They’re objective.D．They’re strict.57．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A．They think themselves smart.B．They look up to great thinkers.C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs58．Why are more geniuses known to the public?A．Improved global communication.B．Less discrimination against women.C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts.D．Changes in people’s social positions.59．What is the best title for the text?A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and LuckFor many travelers these days, finding a way to make travel more meaningful has become a top priority. They are increasingly pursuing journeys that include time to volunteer, work on a conservation project, protect endangered animals or to do other activities that allow for giving back while exploring a new part of the world. Here are some opportunities that combine travel with doing good deeds.The AzoresThe trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects with famous scientists while also enjoying meetings with some of the world’s most attractive sea creatures in water. It allows participants to join a research team in the Azores that’s studying the animals to support future protection of the species. Advanced diving experience is required.Red Sea, EgyptCombining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort conducted by Hurghada Environmental Protection and Conservation Association. The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with the latest scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.AustraliaExplore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger. Participants help with daily cleaning of barns (牲口圈) and cages, feeding, health checks, light repair, monitoring animals’ movements, and intensive care of ill, old and baby animals. The experience includes free accommodations with WiFi and a swimming pool.RomaniaWork with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been treated in a cruel way. Located in the Carpathian Mountains, the sanctuary needs volunteers to help with preparing food, monitoring animal health and leading conservation tours. The sanctuary is home to 84 bears, with 20 more due to be rescued.60．What do the first two trips have in common?A．Both involve underwater activities.B．Both provide free accommodations.C．Both require advanced diving experience.D．Both teach how to use scientific equipment.61．Which place best suits a girl who likes horses?A．The Azores.B．Red Sea.C．Australia.D．Romania. 62．Why are the bears adopted by the sanctuary in Romania?A．They have no food.B．They are badly treated.C．They should be monitored.D．They need to live in mountains. 63．Where does the passage most probably appear?A．In a fashion magazine.B．In a shopping guide.C．In a travel brochure.D．In a biography.My son, Toby, 17 months old, has just tested positive for COVID-19. He is the first in our household to test positive, and all the information provided for people in this situation is designed for adults who are(or should be) concerned about protecting their families. Toby, obviously, cannot comprehend such advice. He cannot keep a distance from everybody else, or eat and wash in a separate room. We called 911, and the medic we spoke to agreed that the official guidance didn’t really apply to our situation.Indeed. Not much we can do. So, here we are, trapped within our four walls with a little baby infected with COVID-19, who continues to climb on us, spit in our faces, love us and hug us. It seems inevitable that we, and our elder son, are going to get COVID now. Not much we can do.My first reaction, after absorbing his diagnosis, was to cook sausages. I didn’t even know that was my comfort food of choice. Perhaps an afternoon crisis would have caused a different cooking desire? Anyway, a full stomach helped me take stock. Yes, it may now be inevitable that we’re going to contract the very virus we’ve spent a year avoiding, but as long as we don’t contract it at the same time, then, hopefully, one other of us will be available to look after our kids (thus answering my five-year-old’s most pressing concern: “…but who will make the pudding?”).So, to minimise transmission, we’ve opened all the windows. And we’ve decided to wear face coverings whenever we are with Toby. This decision has been insignificant to him—I imagine he literally cannot remember life before masks—but for me, it’s distressing. I’ve become accustomed to wearing masks in supermarkets and coffee shops, of course, but to actually walk around with half my face covered in my own house is quite another matter—it is telling me that my home has been infected, That it’s no longer a safe space.And so it was, when I sat down to write this column, that I ended up writing about COVID, which is probably the last thing you wanted to read. Sorry about that. COVID has coloured my thoughts today, even though I know that my wife and children will be fine, and that really we should just be grateful we haven’t passed it on to my grandmother.I predict there will be more sausages in the morning.64．By repeating the sentence “Not much we can do” in paragraph 2, the writer implies that ________.A．he feels inspired B．he is really helplessC．he wants professional support D．he needs to keep a distance from Toby 65．According to the writer, what did sausages bring to him?A．Appetite.B．Concern.C．Relief.D．Sadness. 66．Why did wearing masks at home distress the writer?A．It discourages him from writing about COVID．B．It brings him back to the days before COVID-19C．It makes him feel at a loss for how to help his son.D．It is a reminder of what is happening to his family.67．What can be concluded from the passage?A．The diagnosis leaves the writer’s family in a tough spot.B．Being infected with COVID-19 leaves Toby in a bad mood.C．The writer is sure that his other kids won’t contract the virus.D．Sausages have long been considered by many to be comfort foodHong Kong isn’t the first place you’d expect to find a peaceful island. But in a quiet corner of Sai Kung district (西贡区), a tiny green island offers a rare glimpse into the past.Nicknamed “Ghost Island,” Yim Tin Tsai (盐田仔) was once home to a flourishing Hakka (客家) community. They settled on the empty island and built salt pans (盐田) to earn a living. When the salt pans were shut down more than 100 years ago, most residents turned to farming and fishing.In the 1960s, more and more families moved to other places. The last of the villagers on the island had moved abroad by the 1990s, and, in the following years, Yim Tin Tsai lay empty.If travelers had visited Yim Tin Tsai a decade ago, they would have found nothing but overgrown weeds (野草) and crumbling houses. That’s exactly what villager Colin Chan saw when he returned to the island after 40 years. But, for him, the island represented something special — a unique side of Hong Kong’s history and culture that shouldn’t be forgotten.“I came back here hoping to recover something I felt I had lost,” Colin said. “I found the island was in ruins and I was very sad. This is the place I grew up. This is my father’s home and his father’s home.”In 1999, Colin was elected as village representative and began what would become a lifelong mission: to make the island come alive. Together with about 10 former villagers, Colin raised money to build a visitor center for travelers. In 2004, a charitable foundation donated funds to renovate the island’s historical chapel (小教堂). In 2005, UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation honored the chapel with an award of merit (优异奖).Motivated by this, the villagers organized a regular ferry schedule to enable travelers to reach the island, and set out to showcase the village’s unique history. They built a heritage trail, repaired Hakka ancestral homes, created a museum, and even started an organic farmthat sits at the foot of the church.68．According to the article, the Hakka community________.A．all moved to other countries in the 1990sB．settled on Yim Tin Tsai about 100 years agoC．made a living by salt mining, farming and fishing on Yim Tin TsaiD．found Yim Tin Tsai to be a fertile place when they had first arrived there69．The word “crumbling” in paragraph 4 could probably be replaced by “______.”A．frightened B．broken C．disappearing D．decreasing 70．Which of the following is NOT a reason why Colin Chan came back to Yim Tin Tsai? A．Because he wanted to recover the special feeling of the place where he grew up. B．Because as village representative, he had the duty to bring the village back to life. C．Because he didn’t want to see the hometown of his father and grandfather in ruins. D．Because he wanted to preserve Hong Kong’s history and culture mirrored in the island. 71．We can learn from the article that _______.A．UNESCO honored Yim Tin Tsai with an award of merit in 2005.B．If travelers visit Yim Tin Tsai today, they will find it a lush, green island full of life. C．Colin Chan raised money to build a museum to showcase the village’s unique history. D．the villagers on Yim Tin Tsai want to restore the salt pans which were closed more than 100 years ago.五、六选四A selection from the trolleyThe trolley problem used to be a popular question in philosophical ethics(伦理学).It runs as follows: a trolley, or a train, is speeding down a track towards a junction(三叉路口). Some evildoer has tied five people to the track ahead, and another person to the branch line. You are standing next to a lever(操纵杆) that controls the junction. Do nothing, and the five people will be killed. Pull the lever, and only one person dies. What is the ethical course of action?_____72_____ A truly self-driving car, after all, will have to be given ethical instructions of some sort by its human programmers. That has led to a boom for the world’s professional ethicists, who suddenly find themselves in hot demand.In a paper just published in Nature, a team of psychologists and computer scientists, led by Edmond Awad of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), describe a different approach. _____73_____They created a website which presents visitors with a series of choices about whom to save and whom to kill. The website proved a hit. In the end it gathered nearly 40m decisions.The strongest preferences, expressed by respondents from all over the world, were for saving human lives over animal ones, preferring to save many rather than few and prioritising children over the old. _____74_____Iyad Rahwan, a computer scientist at MIT and one of the paper’s authors, says that many people dismiss the trolley problem as pointless as it is unlikely to arise in real life. He is unconvinced. The specific situations described by the website may hardly ever occur, he says. _____75_____ He gives the example of overtaking cyclists: “If you stay relatively near to the cycle lane, you’re increasing the chance of hitting a cyclist, but reducing the chance of hitting another car in the next lane over,” he says.A．But all sorts of choices made by the firms producing self-driving cars will affect who lives and who dies in indirect ways.B．Rather than asking philosophers for their thoughts, they decided instead to ask the public. C．That seems to conflict with most people’s moral preferences.D．The preference for saving women, for instance, was stronger in places with higher levels of gender equality.E．There were weaker preferences for saving women over men, pedestrians over passengers in the car and for taking action rather than doing nothing.F．The excitement around self-driving cars, though, has made the problem famous.六、汉译英（整句）76．从长远来看，回收包装对环境有积极的影响。
2022-2023学年上海市复旦大学附属中学高一上学期期中考试化学试题
2022-2023学年上海市复旦大学附属中学高一上学期期中考试化学试题1.下列垃圾应倒入到贴有下图标志的垃圾桶的是A．废弃的电池B．用过的餐巾纸C．铝制的易拉罐D．过期的药品2.已知某条件下，22.4L某种纯净气体中含有个分子，这些分子中共含有个原子，下列说法正确的是A．该条件一定是标准状况B．该分子一定是双原子分子C．该气体一定为单质D．该气体的物质的量一定为2mol3.用传感器测得强光照射下密闭容器内饱和氯水中某物理量随时间的变化情况(如图所示)，纵坐标不能代表的物理量是A．溶液中氯离子的物质的量浓度B．溶液的值C．容器中氧气的体积分数D．溶液的电导率(导电能力)4.小附同学欲配制无土栽培营养液，配方如下表：配制时发现实验室的铵盐中无，仅有，但机智的他仍成功配制出了营养液，下列对该营养液中各成分含量叙述不正确的是A．B．C．D．不含5.在一个恒温、恒容密闭容器中，有两个可左右自由滑动的密封隔板(a、b)，将容器分成三部分，已知充入的三种气体质量相等，当隔板静止时，容器内气体所占体积如图所示，下列说法中错误的是A．若Y是O 2，则X可能是CH 4B．分子数目：X=Z=2YC．若X是N 2，则Z可能是CO D．气体密度：X=Z=2Y6.已知：KClO3+5KCl+3H2SO43K2SO4+3Cl2↑+3H2O。
将KClO3加热使其部分分解，再向分解后的混合物中加入足量硫酸加热，放出氯气。
假设KClO3的分解率为a，分解后KCl为1mol，两步反应生成氧气和氯气的总物质的量为bmol。
下列关系正确的是A．当a=0.6时，b=3 B．当氯元素全部转化为氯气时，a=1/6C．b的最大值为2.1 D．当5/6＜a＜1时，b=a/3+1.57. 2022年诺贝尔化学奖授予了三位在“点击化学”及其应用方面做出了重大贡献的三位化学家——卡罗琳贝尔托西、莫滕桦尔达和巴里·夏普莱斯。
巴里·夏普莱斯和我国科研人员共同发表的论文中发现了一种用于“点击化学”的新化合物。
2022~2023年高三上半期期中考试化学试卷完整版(上海市复旦大学附属中学)
选择题下列我国科研成果所涉及材料中，主要成分为同主族元素形成的无机非金属材料的是A．4.03米大口径碳化硅反射镜B．2022年冬奥会聚氨酯速滑服C．能屏蔽电磁波的碳包覆银纳米线D．“玉兔二号”钛合金筛网轮A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】A【解析】本题主要考查有机物与无机物的区分（B选项为有机物，其他均为无机物），金属材料与非金属材料的区分。
同时穿插考查了元素周期表中同主族的概念。
A.碳化硅(SiC)是由碳元素和硅元素组成的无机非金属材料，且碳元素与硅元素均位于元素周期表第IVA族，故A符合题意；B.聚氨酯为有机高分子化合物，故B不符合题意；C.碳包覆银纳米材料中银为金属元素，故C不符合题意；D.钛合金为含有金属钛元素的合金，故D不符合题意；综上所述，本题应选A。
选择题2019年是元素周期表发表150周年，期间科学家为完善周期表做出了不懈努力。
中国科学院院士张青莲教授曾主持测定了铟（49In）等9种元素相对原子质量的新值，被采用为国际新标准。
铟与铷（37Rb）同周期。
下列说法错误的是（）A.In是第五周期第ⅢB族元素B.In的中子数与电子数的差值为17C.原子半径：In>AlD.碱性：In(OH)3I2，由途径Ⅲ可知氧化性I2NaIO3；D.根据转化关系2IO3-～I2～10e-计算判断。
A.加碘盐中含有NaIO3，其在酸性条件下可被I-还原生成I2，故用淀粉-KI试纸和食醋检验加碘盐时淀粉-KI试纸会变蓝，A正确；B.根据图示转化Ⅲ可知：足量的Cl2与I-反应生成NaIO3，氯气被还原为氯离子，则足量Cl2能使湿润的KI淀粉试纸变白的原因可能是：5Cl2+I2+6H2O→2HIO3+10HCl，B正确；C.由途径I可知氧化性Cl2>I2，由途径Ⅲ可知氧化性I2NaIO3，故氧化性的强弱顺序为Cl2>IO3->I2，C错误；D.根据转化关系2IO3-～I2～10e-可知，生成1 molI2反应中转移的电子数为10NA，D正确；故合理选项是C。
2022-2023学年上海师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中考试化学试卷含详解
上海师范大学附属中学2022学年度第一学期期中教学质量自主调研高一年级化学(考试时间：60分钟满分：100分)一、选择题(本大题共30题，每题2分，满分60分)1.溶液、胶体和浊液这三种分散系的本质区别是A.能否发生丁达尔效应B.是否均一、透明、稳定C .能否透过滤纸或半透膜D.分散质粒子直径的大小2.微纳米材料研究所研发的纳米量级碳酸钙直径约为30nm ，已取得重大突破。
下列有关说法正确的是A.纳米量级碳酸钙是一种胶体B .若将纳米量级碳酸钙均匀分散到蒸馏水中，会产生丁达尔效应C.若将纳米量级碳酸钙均匀分散到蒸馏水中，不能透过滤纸D.若将纳米量级碳酸钙加入稀盐酸中，不会有二氧化碳产生3.下列物质中与0.3molH 2O 含有相同氢原子数的是A.0.3molHNO 3B.0.1molH 3PO 4C.0.2molCH 4D.3.612×1023个HCl 分子4.下列溶液中物质的量浓度为1mol·L -1的是A.将1mol CuSO 4·5H 2O 溶解在1L 水中B.将22.4L HCl 气体溶于水配成1L 溶液C.将1L 10mol·L -1的浓盐酸加入9L 水中D.将10g NaOH 溶解在少量水中，再加蒸馏水直到溶液体积为250mL5.“S 、T 、P”是指A.20℃，1大气压B.273K ，101.3KPaC.293K ，1大气压D.0℃，101.3Pa6.用A N 表示阿伏伽德罗常数的数值，则下列说法中正确的是A.244g CO 所含的原子数为AN B.常温常压下，11.2L 氧气所含的原子数为AN C.常温常压下，A N 个氢分子的质量为1g D.常温常压下，332g O 的原子数为A2N 7.对于同温同压下等质量的NO 和NO 2，下列叙述正确的是A.分子数之比为1：1B.体积之比为15：23C.所含原子数之比为46：45D.密度之比为23：158.25℃、101kPa 条件下，相同体积的两个密闭容器甲和乙，甲中充满2O ，乙中充满2O 和3O 的混合气体。
2023-2024学年上海市上海师范大学附属中学高三上学期期中考试化学试卷含详解
上师大附中2023学年第一学期期中考试高三年级化学学科(考试时间：60分钟满分：100分)(相对原子质量H-1B-11C-12N-14O-16Na-23Ca-40)一,原子结构与性质“原子”一词源自古希腊语“ATOM”,是不可再分的意思。
古希腊哲学家假想原子是世间万物最小的粒子。
20世纪初,人们终于认识到原子不是最小的粒子,它有复杂的结构。
原子的基本性质,如原子半径,电离能和元素电负性等都与原子结构密切相关,因而也呈现周期性变化。
1.下列化学用语表示正确的是A.中子数为8的O原子：168OB.羟基的电子式：C.氯离子的电子式：Cl-D.碳原子核外价电子的轨道式：2.下列事实不能．．用元素周期律解释的是A.原子半径：Na>MgB.非金属性：O>SC.还原性：Cl-<Br-D.酸性：H2SO3>H2CO33.部分短周期元素的原子半径及最外层电子数见下表。
元素X Y Z W T原子半径/nm0.1520.1860.0660.1020.099最外层电子数11667（1）下列有关说法正确的是_________>>A.简单离子的半径：Y Z X>B.气态氢化物的热稳定性：W ZC.Y与Z形成的化合物可能具有强氧化性D.常温下,W单质的分子间作用力小于T单质（2）比较Z原子和W原子的第一电离能大小,从原子结构的角度说明理由：___________。
（3）从原子结构角度解释NO分子中氮元素化合价呈正价的原因：___________。
（4）元素W的非金属性比T___________(填“强”或“弱”),请写一个支持你结论的事实：___________,并请从原子结构的角度解释你的结论：___________。
4.探测发现火星上存在大量橄榄石矿物()x 2-x 4Mg Fe SiO 。
基态Fe 原子的价电子排布式为___________。
橄榄石中,各元素电负性大小顺序为___________。
2022-2023学年上海市华东师范大学附属周浦中学高一上学期第一次阶段性测试化学试题
2022-2023学年上海市华东师范大学附属周浦中学高一上学期第一次阶段性测试化学试题1.某地发布大雾橙色预警信号，预计未来6小时，将出现能见度小于200米的浓雾天气请相关部门做好防雾工作。
雾属于下列分散系中的A．溶液B．悬浊液C．乳浊液D．胶体2.下列关于胶体的说法中，正确的是（）A．胶体外观不均匀B．胶体不能通过滤纸C．胶体可以发生丁达尔效应D．胶体不稳定，静置后容易产生沉淀3.氯化铁溶液和氢氧化铁胶体具有的共同性质是A．都能透过半透膜B．都呈红褐色C．都是混合物D．都能产生了达尔现象4.当表皮划破时可用FeCl3溶液应急止血，其主要原因是A．FeCl 3溶液具有杀菌作用B．FeCl 3溶液能促进血液中胶粒聚沉C．FeCl 3溶液遇血液产生了氢氧化铁沉淀D．FeCl 3能氧化血红蛋白5.下列应用或事实与胶体的性质无关的是A．用明矾净化饮用水B．在氯化铁溶液中滴加氯氧化钠溶液出现红褐色沉淀C．用石膏或盐卤点制豆腐D．清晨的阳光穿过茂密的林木枝叶所产生的美丽光线6.在胶体中逐滴滴入下列某种溶液，出现的现象是先沉淀，后沉淀溶解，这种溶液是A．溶液B．饱和溶液C．稀盐酸D．氢氧化钠溶液7.已知由硫酸银溶液和碘化钾溶液制得的碘化碳胶体溶胶，当它与氢氧化铁溶胶相互混合后，析出碘化银和氢氧化铁的混合沉淀。
由此可知A．该碘化银胶粒带正电荷B．该镜化银胶粒不带由荷C．该过程为胶体的渗析D．该碘化银胶粒电泳时向阳极运动8.下列说法正确的是A．1mol任何物质中想的含有个原子B．常温常压下，1mol 的质量是32gC．1mol 的质量是2g，所占的体积约为22.4LD．在标准状况下，气体摩尔体积约为22.4L9.下列操作中，与物质的溶解性无关的是A．蒸馏海水得到淡水B．甲装有水的流气题，除去CO中的HClC．用四氯化碳蒸取碘水中的碘单质D．热的硝酸钾饱和溶液冷却后析出硝酸钾晶体10.1mol气体所占的体积取决于A．微粒数目B．微粒大小C．微粒间的距离D．以上皆有11.下列物质中，含水分子数最少的是A．120g水B．个水分子C．8mol水D．18mL水( )12.下列仪器中能用于直接加热的是A．试管B．烧杯C．量筒D．圆底烧瓶13.下列实验中，所采取的分离方法与对应原理都正确的是除去固体中混杂的NaCl除去丁醇(沸点为A．A B．B C．C D．D14.下列实验操作中，正确的是A．分液时，下层液体从下口中放出，上层液体从上口中倒出B．蒸馏操作时，应使温度计水银球插入蒸馏烧瓶的溶液中C．过滤操作中，为了加快过滤速度可用玻璃棒在漏斗中轻轻搅挂D．萃取操作时，应选择有机萃取剂，且萃取剂的密度必须比水大15.下列混合物可用溶解、过滤、蒸发的操作分离的是A．混有泥沙的食盐B．混有水的酒精C．白糖与食盐的混合物D．铁粉和泥沙的混合物16.不能鉴别盐酸和NaOH溶液的是A．石蕊试液B．金属单质镁C．碳酸钠固体D．氯化钠固体17.淀粉溶液是一种胶体，已知淀粉遇碘变蓝色。
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2022-2023学年上海师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中考试化学试题
1.溶液、胶体和浊液这三种分散系的本质区别是
A．能否发生丁达尔效应
B．是否均一、透明、稳定
C．能否透过滤纸或半透膜
D．分散质粒子直径的大小
2.微纳米材料研究所研发的纳米量级碳酸钙直径约为30nm，已取得重大突破。
下列有关说
法正确的是
A．纳米量级碳酸钙是一种胶体
B．若将纳米量级碳酸钙均匀分散到蒸馏水中，会产生丁达尔效应
C．若将纳米量级碳酸钙均匀分散到蒸馏水中，不能透过滤纸
D．若将纳米量级碳酸钙加入稀盐酸中，不会有二氧化碳产生
3.下列物质中与0.3molH2O含有相同氢原子数的是
A．0.3molHNO 3B．0.1molH 3 PO 4C．0.2molCH 4D．3.612×10 23个
HCl分子
4.下列溶液中物质的量浓度为1 mol·L-1的是
A．将1 mol CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O溶解在1 L水中
B．将22.4 L HCl气体溶于水配成1 L溶液
C．将1 L 10 mol·L -1的浓盐酸加入9 L水中
D．将10 g NaOH溶解在少量水中，再加蒸馏水直到溶液体积为250 mL
5.“S、T、P”是指
A．20℃，1大气压B．273K，101.3KPa
C．293K，1大气压D．0℃，101.3Pa
6.用表示阿伏伽德罗常数的数值，则下列说法中正确的是
A．所含的原子数为
B．常温常压下，氧气所含的原子数为
C．常温常压下，个氢分子的质量为
D．常温常压下，的原子数为
7.对于同温同压下等质量的NO和NO2，下列叙述正确的是
A．分子数之比为1：1 B．体积之比为15：23
C．所含原子数之比为46：45 D．密度之比为23：15
8. 25℃、101kPa条件下，相同体积的两个密闭容器甲和乙，甲中充满，乙中充满和
的混合气体。
下列说法错误的是
A．两容器中气体的质量不相同B．两容器中气体的分子数目相同
C．两容器中气体的氧原子数目不相同D．两容器中气体的密度相同
9. N A表示阿伏伽德罗常数，如果40 g 某气体中所含有的分子数为2N A，则25 g该气体在标
况下的体积是
A．22.4 L B．28 L C．33.6 L D．40 L
10.瓦斯中甲烷与氧气的体积比为1：2时极易爆炸，此时甲烷与氧气的质量比为
A．1：1 B．1：2 C．1：3 D．1：4
11.用重结晶法提纯苯甲酸的实验中，需要用到的仪器是
A．B．C．D．
12.有些化学仪器加热时需要放在石棉网上，但也有一些仪器可以直接在酒精灯上加热，下
列各组仪器中可以用酒精灯直接加热的一组是
A．试管、蒸发皿、坩埚B．试管、烧杯、蒸馏烧瓶
C．试管、平底烧瓶、坩埚D．蒸发皿、圆底烧瓶
13.下列实验操作中错误的是
A．蒸馏时，应使温度计水银球的中端靠近蒸馏烧瓶的支管口下沿处
B．蒸发时，应使混合物中的大部分固体析出后停止加热
C．过滤时，应使滤纸的边缘略低于漏斗的边沿
D．萃取时，选择萃取剂的密度不一定比原溶剂大
14.下列括号中的分离方法运用得当的是
A．植物油和自来水(蒸馏) B．水溶液中的食盐和碘(分液)
C．自来水中的杂质(萃取) D．CaCO 3和CaCl 2 (溶解、过滤、蒸发) 15.已知硫酸的浓度越大，密度越大。
98％的浓硫酸的物质的量浓度为，则49％
的硫酸溶液的物质的量浓度
A．等于B．大于
C．小于D．不能确定
16.、和CO组成的混合气体在同温同压下与氮气的密度相同，则该混合气体中、
和CO的体积比为
A．22∶1∶14 B．29∶8∶13 C．26∶8∶57 D．13∶8∶29 17.下列关于使用分液漏斗的说法错误的是
A．萃取、分液前需对分液漏斗检漏
B．进行分液时，分液漏斗中下层液体从下端流出，上层则从上口倒出
C．分液漏斗可以把与分离
D．为保证分液漏斗内的液体顺利流出，可以将玻璃塞拿下
18.下列各溶液中，浓度最大的是
A．的溶液B．的溶液
C．的溶液D．的溶液
19.容量瓶无需标出的是
A．刻度线B．所配置溶液的浓度
C．温度D．容量瓶规格
20.下列有关配制100mL1.0mol/L NaCl溶液的操作图示中，表示“定容”的是
A．B．C．D．
21.下列物质能使湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝色的是
A．Cl 2B．H 2 O C．H 2D．CH 4
22.下列氯化物中不能由对应的金属单质与氯气反应得到的是
A．FeCl 2B．FeCl 3C．AlCl 3D．CuCl 2
23.某同学向pH试纸上滴加几滴新制氯水，现象如图所示，下列有关该实验的说法中错误的
是
A．该实验说明不可使用pH试纸测定氯水的pH
B．若将氯水长时间放置之后再重复该实验将无法看到pH试纸变白的现象
C．该实验说明H +扩散速率比漂白性微粒快
D．实验结束后，将pH试纸用水冲洗再干燥可以恢复原色
24.下列关于HClO的性质叙述错误的是
A．HClO是一元弱酸B．HClO不稳定，见光易分解
C．HClO具有强氧化性D．HClO中氯元素的化合价为价25.下列物质中既含有氯离子又含有氯分子的是
A．氯水B．液氯C．次氯酸D．氯化钠
26.用以下试剂和下图装置可制取、净化、收集的气体是
A．锌和稀硫酸制氢气B．双氧水和二氧化锰制取氧气
C．大理石和稀硫酸制二氧化碳D．氯酸钾和二氧化锰制氧气
27.如图：A处通入氯气，关闭B阀时，C处干燥红色布条无变化，打开B阀时，C处红色
布条褪色。
由此作出的判断正确的是
A．D中可以是浓盐酸B．通入的氯气含有水分
C．D中可以是水D．D中可以是饱和食盐水
28.用漂白粉溶液浸泡过的有色布条，如果晾置在空气中，过了一段时间，其漂白效果会更
好的原因可能是
A．漂白粉被氧化了
B．有色布条被空气中的氧气氧化了
C．漂白粉跟空气中的CO 2反应充分，生成了较多量的 HClO
D．漂白粉溶液蒸发掉部分水，其浓度增大
29.实验室提纯含少量氯化钠杂质的硝酸钾的过程如右图所示。
下列分析正确的是
A．操作Ⅰ是过滤，将固体分离除去B．操作Ⅱ是加热浓缩、趁热过滤，除去杂
质氯化钠
D．操作Ⅰ~Ⅲ总共需两次过滤C．操作Ⅲ是过滤、洗涤，将硝酸钾晶体从
溶液中分离出来
30.为除去粗盐中的Ca2+、Mg2+、SO及泥沙等杂质，某同学设计了一种制备精盐的实验方
案，步骤如下(用于沉淀的试剂稍过量)：
(1)第①步中，操作A是_______，第⑤步中，操作B是_______。
(2)第④步中，写出相应的化学方程式(设粗盐溶液中Ca2+的主要存在形式为氯化
钙)_______。
(3)第②步和第③步操作是否可以调换？_______理由是_______。
(4)第②步与第④步操作是否可以调换？_______原因是_______。
(5)若先用盐酸调溶液至中性，再过滤，将对实验结果产生影响，其原因：_______。
(6)如何判断SO已经除尽？_______。
31.如图是某学校实验室从化学试剂商店买回来的浓盐酸试剂标签上的部分内容：
盐酸
化学式：
相对分子质量：36.5
密度：
质量分数：36.5％
(1)该浓盐酸的物质的量浓度为_______(计算结果保留一位小数)。
(2)现用该浓盐酸配置的稀盐酸，配置时所需的玻璃仪器有：烧杯、量筒、
玻璃棒、_______、_______(写仪器名称)。
(3)经计算，配置的稀盐酸需要用量筒量取上述浓盐酸的体积为_______
，量取浓盐酸时应选用_______规格的量筒。
A. B. C. D.
(4)若实验中遇到以下情况，对配置盐酸的物质的量浓度有何影响(选填“偏高”、“偏低”或
“无影响”)
①容量瓶中原有少量蒸馏水_______；
②定容后经震荡、摇匀静置，发现液面下降，再加适量的水_______。
(5)取任意体积的该盐酸时，下列物理量中不随所取体积多少而变化的是_______。
A．溶液中盐酸的物质的量B．溶液的浓度
C．溶液中的数目D．溶液的密度
32.如图是实验室制备氯气并验证氯气性质的装置(其中夹持仪器已省略)
已知装置A是氯气的发生装置，反应的化学方程式为。
据此回答下列问题：
(1)装置A中的分液漏斗可改成下图所示仪器，其优点是_______。
(2)装置B是安全瓶，目的是监测实验进行时装置C中是否发生堵塞，请写出装置C中发生堵塞时装置B中的实验现象：_______。
(3)装置C中的作用是验证氯气是否具有漂白性，则装置C中I、II、III处依次应放入的物质是_______(填序号)。
_______。
(5)如果将的浓盐酸与氯化钙充分反应，实际能收集到的氯气在标准状况下的体积将_______。
A．B．C．D．。