简单句并列句复合句

句子结构和成分

句子分类

句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;

考点1. 简单句

只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语;如：

He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

画线部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句;

改错：

It not only costs little money but also comfortable.

考点2. 并列句

改错：

①. He likes English, his English is very good. ×

②. His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×

当一个句子中含有两个简单句时,就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了;直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的;

这时我们可以用and, but, or等并列连词来连接这两个句子；也可以用分号;来连接;此时,这两个简单句此时也可称作分句之间是并列关系,不能说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分;

用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句;

上两句可以改为：

①. He likes English；his English is very good. 用分号连接

②. He likes English, so/and his English is very good.

③. His wife was ill; he had to stay at home. 用分号连接

④. His wife was ill, so/and he had to stay at home.

考点3. 复合句

A.用从属连词连接的句子是复合句;

还先看上面的两个错句：

①. He likes English, his English is very good. ×

②. His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×

我们还可以用从属连词来连接;这两句话可改为：

①. Because he likes English, his English is very good.

②. When he likes English, his English is very good.

③. Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.

④. When his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.

先看第一个句子;当用because连接时,译为“因为他喜欢英语,所以他的英语非常好”;主要说的是“他的英语非常好”,“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的原因;因此：“his English is very good”是主句,“because he likes English”是原因状语从句;当用when连接时,译为“当他喜欢英语时,他的英语非常好”; 主要说的是“他的英语非常好”,“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的时间;因此,“his English is very good”是主句,“when he likes English”是时间状语从句;

同理,句②修改后,前面分别为原因状语从句和时间状语从句,后面是主句;

像上面这样,用从属连词连接两个简单句之后,一个句子是主要的主句,另外一个句子从句是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等,这样构成的句子称为复合句;

B.当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时,整个句子就成为复合句了;从词或词组升

级后的句子是从句,除从句以外的是主句,整个句子是复合句;

①T he boy over there is my brother. 只有一个主谓结构,是简单句;

②T he boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.

③当over there变为 who is wearing a hat时,句子就含有两个主谓结构,一个是The boy

is my brother,是主句；who is wearing a hat是the boy的定语,称为定语从句;who 既作从句成分,又起着从属连词的作用;

④I was doing my homework at six. 只有一个主谓结构,是简单句;

⑤I was doing my homework when he came in.

⑥I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构,he came in也是一个主谓结构;后面一个

主谓结构作前一个的时间状语,是时间状语从句;因此本句是复合句,when是从属连词;

⑦It is wrong. 只有一个主谓结构,是简单句;

⑧What he said is wrong.

⑨what he said,是一个主谓结构;What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构,What he

said作主语, is wrong系表结构作谓语,因此,本句是复合句;What he said是主语从句；what既作从句成分又起着从属连词的作用

从上面这几个句子,我们可以看出：

C.一个句子如果含有从句,如名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句、

定语从句和状语从句等,这个句子就是复合句;

练习1. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句;

1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

3.There is a chair in this room, isn’t there

4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back

home at seven in the evening.

5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.