5限时训练
第5讲功功率动能定理(限时训练)
高三物理限时规范训练（五）功 功率 动能定理(时间：60分钟 满分：100分)姓名 成绩 一、选择题(本题共9个小题，每小题6分，共54分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～5题只有一个选项符合要求，第6～9题有多项符合要求．)1．(2014·盐城模拟)如图所示，一质量为M ，长为L 的木板，放在光滑的水平地面上，在木板的右端放一质量为m 的小木块，用一根不可伸长的轻绳通过光滑的定滑轮分别与m 、M 连接，木块与木板间的动摩擦因数为μ，开始时木块和木板静止，现用水平向右的拉力F 作用在M 上，将m 拉向木板左端的过程中，拉力至少做功为( )A ．2μmgLB .12μmgL C ．μ(M ＋m)gL D ．μmgL2．质量均为m 的两物块A 、B 以一定的初速度在水平面上只受摩擦 力而滑动，如图所示是它们滑动的最大位移x 与初速度的平方v 20 的关系图象，已知v 202＝2v 201，下列描述中正确的是( )A ．若A 、B 滑行的初速度相等，则到它们都停下来时滑动摩擦力对A 做的功是对B 做功的2倍 B ．若A 、B 滑行的初速度相等，则到它们都停下来时滑动摩擦力对A 做的功是对B 做功的12C ．若A 、B 滑行的最大位移相等，则滑动摩擦力对它们做的功相等D ．若A 、B 滑行的最大位移相等，则滑动摩擦力对B 做的功是对A 做功的2倍3．两个物体A 、B 的质量分别为m 1、m 2，并排静止在水平面上，用 相同的水平拉力F 同时分别作用于物体A 和B 上，分别作用一 段时间后撤去，两物体各自滑行一段距离后停止．两物体A 、B 运动的v －t 图象分别如图中a 、b 所示．已知拉力F 撤去后， 物体做减速运动过程的v －t 图象彼此平行(相关数据如图所示)． 由图中信息可以得到( )A ．m 1＜m 2B ．t ＝3 s 时，物体A 、B 再次相遇C ．拉力F 对物体A 所做的功较多D ．拉力F 对物体A 的最大瞬时功率是对物体B 最大瞬时功率的45倍4．(2014·上海市七校调研联考)把动力装置分散安装在每节车厢上，使其既具有牵引动力，又可以载客，这样的客车车辆叫做动车．几节自带动力的车辆(动车)加几节不带动力的车辆(也叫拖车)编成一组，就是动车组，假设动车组运行过程中受到的阻力与其所受重力成正比，每节动车与施车的质量都相等，每节动车的额定功率都相等．若1节动车加3节拖车编成的动车组的最大速度为120 km /h ；则6节动车加3节拖车编成的动车组的最大速度为( )A ．120 km /hB ．240 km /hC ．320 km /hD ．480 km /h5．如图所示，图线表示作用在某物体上的合外力随时间变化的关系， 若物体开始时是静止的，那么( )A ．从t ＝0开始，5 s 内物体的动能变化量为零B ．在前5 s 内只有第1 s 末物体的动能最大C ．在前5 s 内只有第5 s 末物体的速率最大D ．前3 s 内合外力对物体做的功为零6．(2014·黑龙江省牡丹江市联考)如图所示，光滑固定的竖直杆上 套有小物块a ，不可伸长的轻质细绳通过大小可忽略的定滑轮连 接物块a 和小物块b ，虚线cd 水平．现由静止释放两物块，物 块a 从图示位置上升，并恰好能到达c 处．在此过程中，若不 计摩擦和空气阻力，下列说法正确的是( )A ．物块a 到达c 点时加速度为零B ．绳的拉力对物块a 做的功等于物块a 重力势能的增加量C ．绳的拉力对物块b 先做负功后做正功D ．绳的拉力对物块b 做的功等于物块b 机械能的减少量7．(2014·河南名校质检)低碳、环保是未来汽车的发展方向． 某汽车研发机构在汽车的车轮上安装了小型发电机，将减 速时的部分动能转化并储存在蓄电池中，以达到节能的目的．在某次测试中，汽车以额定功率行驶一段距离后关闭发动机，测出了汽车动能E k 与位移s 的关系图象如图，其中①是关闭储能装置时的关系图线，②是开启储能装置时的关系图线．已知汽车的质量为1 000 kg ，设汽车运动过程中所受地面阻力恒定，空气阻力不计．根据图象所给的信息可求出( )A ．汽车行驶过程中所受地面的阻力为1 000 NB ．汽车的额定功率为80 kWC ．汽车加速运动的时间为22.5 sD ．汽车开启储能装置后向蓄电池提供的电能为5×105 J8.(2014·武汉调研)为减少二氧化碳排放，我国城市公交推出新 型节能环保电动车，在检测某款电动车性能的实验中，质量为 8×102kg 的电动车由静止开始沿平直公路行驶，达到的最大速 度为15 m /s ，利用传感器测得此过程中不同时刻电动车的牵引力F 与对应的速度v ，并描绘出F －1v 图象(图中AB 、BO 均为直线)，假设电动车行驶中所受的阻力恒定，则( )A ．在全过程中，电动车在B 点时速度最大 B ．BA 过程电动车做匀加速运动C ．CB 过程电动车做减速运动D ．CB 过程电动车的牵引力的功率恒定9．质量为m 的物体静止在光滑水平面上，从t ＝0时刻开始受到三 种水平力的作用，物体的加速度大小a 与时间t 的关系如图所 示，力的方向保持不变，则( )A ．这三种情况下，力做功之比为W A ∶WB ∶WC ＝16∶22∶25 B ．这三种情况下，力做功之比为W A ∶W B ∶W C ＝16∶144∶25 C ．t 0时刻，力做功的瞬时功率之比为P A ∶P B ∶P C ＝16∶9∶1D ．t 0时刻，力做功的瞬时功率之比为P A ∶P B ∶P C ＝4∶3∶1二、计算题(本题共3个小题，共46分，解答时应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和演算步骤，有数值计算的要注明单位)10．(15分)(2014·广东省江门市模拟)如图所示，滑块质量为m ，与水平地面间的动摩擦因数为0.1，它以v 0＝3gR 的初速度由A 点开始向B 点滑行，AB ＝5R ，并滑上光滑的半径为R 的14圆弧BC ，在C 点正上方有一离C 点高度也为R 的旋转平台，沿平台直径方向开有两个离轴心距离相等的小孔P 、Q ，旋转时两孔均能达到C 点的正上方．若滑块滑过C 点后从P 孔上升又恰能从Q 孔落下，求：(1)滑块在B 点时对轨道的压力大小； (2)平台转动的角速度ω应满足什么条件？11．(15分)(2014·安徽省黄山市模拟)如图所示为放置在竖直平面内游戏滑轨的模拟装置，滑轨由四部分粗细均匀的金属杆组成，其中倾斜直轨AB 与水平直轨CD 长均为L ＝3 m ，圆弧形轨道APD 和BQC 均光滑，AB 、CD 与两圆弧形轨道相切，BQC 的半径为r ＝1 m ，APD 的半径为 R ＝2 m ，O 2A 、O 1B 与竖直方向的夹角均为θ＝37°.现有一质量为m ＝1 kg 的小球穿在滑轨上，以E k 0的初动能从B 点开始沿AB 向上运动，小球与两段直轨道间的动摩擦因数均为μ＝13，设小球经过轨道连接处均无能量损失．(g ＝10 m /s 2，sin 37°＝0.6，cos 37°＝0.8)求：(1)要使小球能够通过弧形轨道APD 的最高点，初动能E k 0至少多大？ (2)求小球第二次到达D 点时的动能；(3)小球在CD 段上运动的总路程．(第(2)(3)两问中的E k 0取第(1)问中的数值)12．(16分)(2013·高考四川卷)在如图所示的竖直平面内，物体A 和带正电的物体B 用跨过定滑轮的绝缘轻绳连接，分别静止于倾角θ＝37°的光滑斜面上的M 点和粗糙绝缘水平面上，轻绳与对应平面平行．劲度系数k ＝5 N /m 的轻弹簧一端固定在O 点，一端用另一轻绳穿过固定的光滑小环D 与A 相连，弹簧处于原长，轻绳恰好拉直，DM 垂直于斜面．水平面处于场强E ＝5×104N /C 、方向水平向右的匀强电场中．已知A 、B 的质量分别为m A ＝0.1 kg 和m B ＝0.2 kg ，B 所带电荷量q ＝＋4×10－6C ．设两物体均视为质点，不计滑轮质量和摩擦，绳不可伸长，弹簧始终在弹性限度内，B 电荷量不变．取g ＝10 m /s 2，sin 37°＝0.6，cos 37°＝0.8.(1)求B 所受静摩擦力的大小；(2)现对A 施加沿斜面向下的拉力F ，使A 以加速度a ＝0.6 m /s 2开始做匀加速直线运动．A 从M 到N 的过程中，B 的电势能增加了ΔE p ＝0.06 J ．已知DN 沿竖直方向，B 与水平面间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.4.求A 到达N 点时拉力F 的瞬时功率．。
2020-2021学年浙江省浙江大学附属中学丁兰校区高一下学期5月限时训练英语试题 Word版含答案
浙大附中丁兰2020学年第二学期高一英语限时练第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑In my hometown, Oklahoma, the dirt goes everywhere. When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school, we cover our mouths so we don’t breathe in the dirt. Mama says all the dust is due to the drought.Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After church, Papa went to the field to check on the cattle while Mama started dinner. Faye and I played in the yard. Then the temperature suddenly dropped, and Mama shouted from the house, “Iris, you and Faye get inside, real quick now!”I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. “Faye, go with Mama!” I shouted. “I will warn Papa.” Faye ran towa rd the house. The storm hit so fast that the day turned into night in an instant. Covering my face with one hand, I struggled my way toward our family car and got in. Papa was still out there! I needed to help him find the car. I turned on the front lights, but would Papa see them in the thick darkness? I pushed the horn(喇叭) again and again, hoping Papa would hear it.Suddenly, to my great surprise and relief, Papa’s face appeared at the window. He opened the door and climbed onto the seat next to me. Af ter Papa shut off the car’s lights, we huddled together in the darkness for hours. I worried the dirt would bury us.Finally, the wind subsided and the dust began to settle. We got out and reached the front porch just as Mama and Faye came out from the house.“I’m safe thanks to Iris,” Papa said. “The car’s horn led me to shelter.”“I’m so proud of you,” Mama said to me.Tears of joy streamed down my dirty cheeks because our family had survived the horrible storm.21. When the storm struck, Iris went to the car to_______.A. direct her papa to shelterB. turn to her papa for helpC. warn her papa of the stormD. pick up her papa in the field22. The underlined word “subsided” paragraph probably mean________.A. got upB. died downC. went onD. came along23. What is the best title for the text?A. Love for PapaB. Rescue on black SundayC. Drought in Oklahoma.D. Papa trapped in the stormBI’m not so sure I like my friends any more. I used to lik e them--to be honest. We’d have lunch, talk on the phone or exchange emails, and they all seemed normal enough. But then came Facebook, and I was introduced to a sad fact. Many of my friends have dark sides that they had kept from me.Today my friends show off the more unpleasant aspects of their personalities via Facebook. No longer hidden, they’re thrown in my face like TV commercials-unavoidable and endless advertisements for the worst of their personalities.Take Fred. If you were to have lunch with him, you’d find him warm, and self-effacing(谦逊的). Read his Facebook and you’ll realize he’s an unbearable, food-obsessed boring man. He’d pause to have cup of coffee on his way to save a drowning man-and then write about it.Take Andy. You won’t find a smarter CEO anywhere, but now he’s a CEO without a company to run. So he plays Mafia Wars on Facebook. He’s doing well-level 731. Thanks to Facebook, I know he’s playing about 18 hours a day. Andy, you’ve run four companies-and this is how you spend your downtime? What happened to golf? What happened to getting another job?Take Liz. She is positive that the flu vaccine will kill us all and that we should avoid it. And then comes Chris who likes to post at least 20 times a day on every website he can find, so I get to read his thoughts twice, once on Facebook and once on Twitter.In real life, I don’t see these sides of people. Face to face, my friends show me their best. They’re nice, smart people. But face to Facebook, my friends are like a blind date which goes horribly wrong.I’m left with a dilemma. Who is my real friend? Is it the Liz I have lunch with or the anti-vaccine mad woman on Facebook? Is it the Fred I can grab a sandwich with or the Fred who weeps if he’s at a party and the wine isn’t u p to his standards?24. What’s Andy probably busy in doing now?A. He’s running his company.B. He’s playing golf all day.C. He’s looking for another job.D. He’s playing computer games.25. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”.A. a dilemmaB. my real friendC. FacebookD. Twitter26. The text is developed mainly by________.A. giving examplesB. following the time orderC. listing figuresD. raising questionsCWriting articles about films for The Front Page was my first proper job. Before then I had done bits of reviewing novels for other newspapers, films for a magazine and anything I was asked to do for the radio. That was how I met Tom Seaton, the first arts editor of The Front Page, who had written for television. He employed me, but Tom was not primarily a reporter, or he would certainly have been more careful in choosing his staff.At first, his idea was that team of critics(评论家) should take care of the art forms that didn’t require specialized(专业的) knowledge: books, TV, theatre, film and radio. There would be a weekly lunch at which we would make our choices from the artistic material that Tom had decided we should cover though there would also be guests to make the atmosphere sociable.Tom’s original plan for team of critics for the arts never took off. It was a good idea, but we didn’t get together as planned and so everything was done by phone. It turned out, too, that the general public out there preferred to connect a reviewer with a single subject area, and so I chose film. Without Tom’s beginning push, though, we would hardly have come up with the present arrangement, by which I write a weekly piece, usually on one film.This way of working suits me well. I wouldn’t have been interested in the more standard film critic’s role, which includes considering every film that comes out. That’s a routine(惯例)that would make me bored in no time at all. The space I am given allows me to broaden my argument——or forces me, in an uninteresting week, to make something out of nothing. But what is my role in the public scene? I think that people should choose what films to go to on the basis of the stars, the publicity or the director. There is also such a thing as loyalty(忠诚) to “type” or its opposite. It can only rarely happen that someone who hates westerns buys a ticket for on after reading a review, or a love story addict avoids a romantic film because of what the papers say.So if a film review isn’t really a consumer guide, what is it? I certainly don’t feel I have a responsibility to “right” about a movie. Nor do think there should be a certain number of “great” and “bad” films each year. All I have to do is put forward an argument. I’m not a judge, and nor would I want to be. 27. What can we learn about Tom Senton from the first paragraph?A. He encouraged the author to become a writer.B. He had worked in various media.C. He met the author when working for television.D. He prefers to employ people that he knows.28. Why were the weekly lunches planned?A. To help the writers get to know each other.B. To carry out the work that had to be done.C. To provide an informal information meeting.D. To entertain important visitors from the arts.29. What can be i nferred from paragraph 4 about the author’s articles?A. They are seldom read by readers.B. They are more persuasive than expected.C. They are ignored by stars and film directors.D. They have little effect on public viewing habits.30. What does the author think of his work?A. He should distinguish good films from bad ones.B. He prefers to write about film is he likes.C. He can freely express his opinions.D. He writes according to accepted rules. 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
2014年高中语文新课标第二轮总复习限时训练 (5-12) 专题二 文言文阅读
2014年语文高中新课标第二轮总复习专题二文言文阅读限时训练卷(5)限时：25分钟满分：27分一、语言文字运用(12分，每小题3分。
限时6分钟)1.下列词语中加点的字，读音全不相同．．．的一组是()A．箴．言诤．友挣．脱爱憎．分明B．嫌．弃赚．钱缣．帛以丰补歉．C．犯怵．抽搐．矗．立相形见绌．D．婚姻．谙．熟阴．鸷绿草如茵．2.下列各句中，加点的词语使用不恰当．．．的一句是()A．张继落榜之后，失意地走在回家的路上，内心的痛苦无以复加，途经苏州时创作了那首脍炙人口．．．．的《枫桥夜泊》。
B．这部作品一发表，立即赢得社会各界尤其是文学界的一致好评，毁誉参半．．．．，文章作者也因此迅速走红。
C．我国当代文学家冯骥才在其博客上写道：没有目标的人生，恍惚．．一世；有目标的人生，奋争一生。
D．对我来说，和一般人谈话未必拘束，但如果是和生人，正襟危坐．．．．地谈起来，那真不能说是件乐事。
3.下列各句中，没有．．语病的一句是()A．近两年来，随着“微博”这一交流方式的发展和兴起，全球越来越多的政府机构人员纷纷开通微博，及时公布有关信息，提升政府在民众中的形象。
B．为应对国际金融危机的冲击，一些有条件的地区加快了城市轨道交通的建设步伐，将地铁建设作为贯彻落实中央重大决策、保持经济增长、切实改善民生的重要措施。
C．王熙凤是荣国府日常生活的轴心，她的才能和她的罪恶像水和面揉在了一起，她的命运是可以提前预知的。
D．有专家认为，以标榜草根创新精神为幌子的山寨文化泛滥的原因，是由于中国知识产权意识严重缺位所致。
4.古典诗歌离不开对四季的描绘，下列选项对所列诗句的季节判断正确的一项是()①未会牵牛意如何，须邀织女弄金梭。
②梅子金黄杏子肥，麦花雪白菜花稀。
③杨花落尽子规啼，闻道龙标过五溪。
④不知庭霰今朝落，疑是林花昨夜开。
A．①夏季②秋季③春季④冬季B．①秋季②夏季③冬季④春季C．①春季②秋季③夏季④冬季D．①秋季②夏季③春季④冬季二、古诗文默写(5分，每空1分。
(部编版)中考古诗文默写限时模拟训练
每空10分，共100分姓名：成绩：(1)了却君王天下事, 。
(辛弃疾《破阵子》(2) ,衣冠简朴古风存。
(陆游《游山西村》)(3)塞下秋来风景异, (范仲淹《渔家傲·秋思》)(4)安得广厦千万间, (杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》)(5) ,烟波江上使人愁。
(崔颌《黄鹤楼》)(6) 我报路长嗟日暮, 。
(李清照《渔家傲》)(7)文天祥的《过零丁洋》中,诗人以磅碍的气势、高六的语调显示了诗人的民族气节和舍生取义的生死观的诗句是: ，。
(8)小红春节去黑龙江旅游,喜逢大雪挂满枝头,拍了一张照片,并为其配上了诗句“，“在朋友圈获得点赞无数。
部编版中考古诗文默写限时5分钟强化训练（二）每空10分，共100分姓名：成绩：（1） ,寒光照铁衣。
(北朝民歌《木兰诗》) （2）浊酒一杯家万里, 。
(范仲淹《渔家傲秋思》（3）兼蓑萋萋, 。
(诗经《兼陵》)（4） ,归雁入胡天。
(王维《使至塞上》)（5）我报路长嗟日暮, 。
(李清照《渔家傲》)（6）伤心秦汉经行处, 。
(张养浩《山坡羊》) （7）文天祥的《过零丁洋》中,诗人以磅碍的气势、高六的语调显示了诗人的民族气节和舍生取义的生死观的诗句是: ，。
（8）战场上“，”,一腔热血洒疆场,只为抗金复国建功业;午夜梦回,只可怜白发生,壮志难实现。
(辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》)每空10分，共100分姓名：成绩：(1) ,树木丛生。
(曹操《观沧海》)(2)夕阳西下, 。
(马致远《天净沙·秋思》)(3)人生自古谁无死? 。
(文天祥《过零丁洋》)(4)伤心秦汉经行处, 。
(张养浩《山坡羊·漳关怀古》)(5) ,儿女共沾巾。
(王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》)(6)结庐在人境, (陶渊明《饮酒其五》)(7)战场上“，”,一腔热血洒疆场,只为抗金复国建功业;午夜梦回,只可怜白发生,壮志难实现。
(辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》)(8) 李清照在《渔家傲》里用“，”两句写出了她有才华、有理想、有抱负,却在现实社会中根本得不到实现和施展,找不到出路和苦闷。
宜春实验中学高一年级英语限时训练Unit5(五)-教育文档
宜春实验中学高一年级英语必修一Unit 5限时训练（五）Ⅰ.单句填空1.Once upon a time there was a blanket,which had several sheets (contain) a traditional bedtime story.2.I'd appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not Mr Jones will be coming.3.The number of the tigers is the decrease just because of the destruction of the environment.4.The parents suggested (sleep)in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.5.Everybody tried to reach out to those (affect) by the recent earthquake.6.When Americans are talking,they expect others to respond what they are saying.7.Many students begin to wander from city to city after graduation, (hunt) for a suitable job.8.It is clear that the primary duty of parents is to provide (protect) for their children.9.I'm sorry to say that the table (reserve).What about the table near the window?10.The teacher walked around in the classroom (inspect)the students' work.Ⅱ.阅读理解There are about 5,000 different kinds of ladybugs(瓢虫) in the world. They are also known as lady beetles or ladybird beetles. They come in many different colours and patterns, but the best-known in North America is the seven-spotted ladybug, with its shiny, red-and-black body.In many cultures, ladybugs are thought to be good luck. Most people like them because they are pretty, lovely and do no harm to human beings. But farmers love them because they eat aphids and other plant-eating pests. One ladybug can eat up 5,000 insects in its lifetime!Most ladybugs have dome-shaped bodies with six short legs. Depending on the kind, they can have spots, stripes, or nothing at all. Seven-spotted ladybugs are red or orange with three spots on each side and one in the middle. They have a black head. Ladybugs are colourful for a reason. They tell the enemy:“Eat something else! I taste terrible.”When threatened, they may play dead. Birds are ladybugs' main predators(捕食者), but they are also eaten by frogs, spiders, and dragonflies.第 1 页Ladybugs are happy in many different places,including grasslands,forests, cities, suburbs, and along rivers. Seven-spotted ladybugs are native to Europe but were brought to North America in the mid-1900s.Ladybugs are most active from spring until fall. When the weather turns cold, they look for a warm place to hibernate,such as in rotting logs,under rocks,or even inside houses. These hibernating places can have thousands of ladybugs.The name “ladybug”was given by European farmers who prayed to the Virgin Mary when pests began eating their crops. After ladybugs came and wiped out the invading insects, the farmers named them “beetle of Our Lady”. This later was shortened to “lady beetle”and “ladybug”.1. The underlined word “aphids”in Paragraph 2 is probably a kind of .A.pestB.birdC.plantD.tree2. From the third paragraph we can infer that .A.all ladybugs have spotsB.the colourful body can protect themC.most ladybugs are red or orangeD.frogs are not one of the predators3.The following are all used to describe ladybugs EXCEPT . dybugs can live along riversB.seven-spotted ladybugs were brought to Europe from North Americadybugs are very active in autumnD.the name “ladybug”came from “beetle of Our Lady”4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Seven-spotted ladybugsB.The development of ladybugsC.The history of ladybugsdybugsⅢ.完形填空There's an event that changed my life many years ago. It is a memory that 1 comes and goes,but it is one of the most 2 memories that my wife and I 3 .Once we were driving home and decided to 4 at a local gas station to get coffee and something to eat. When we got back into our car, we noticed a man 5 outside in front of the building. You could tell that he was a 6 man. His clothes were 7 . He must have not had enough money to get something to eat. 8 what he did moved all of us.The next thing I remember is a dog that 9 the front of the building.第 2 页I could tell she was a she,because you could tell that she had been 10 puppies(小狗). She was terribly in need of something to eat and I felt so 11 for her. I knew if she didn't eat soon,she and her puppies would not 12 it.My wife and I sat there and looked at her. We 13 that people walked by and didn't even have a look at her. She might not have been as pretty and 14 as most, but she still deserved better. Before my wife and I did anything,15 did. The homeless man, who I thought was hungry himself, went into the store. And what he did brought 16 to me and my wife. He went into the store and,with perhaps all the 17 he may have had, bought a can of dog food and fed that dog.I know that this story isn't as 18 as most stories, but it plays a great part in our lives. That was Mother's Day weekend. And many people 19 that some animals are parents too. And animals are God's 20 like us.1.A.hurriedly B.repeatedlyC.deeplyD.clearly2.A.precious B.enjoyableC.emptyD.painful3.A.forget B.makeC.shareD.guess4.A.arrive B.look C.knock D.stop5.A.standing B.fightingC.sleepingD.eating6.A.hopeless B.carelesselessD.homeless7.A.new B.beautifulC.tornD.colourful8.A.So B.ButC.AndD.Or9.A.attached to B.kept up withC.devoted toD.walked up to10.A.providing B.feedingC.meetingD.leading11.A.sorry B.sillyC.strongD.lucky12.A.stand B.getC.haveD.make第 3 页13.A.hoped B.noticedC.promisedD.pretended14.A.busy B.dirtyC.carefulD.clean15.A.someone B.noneC.anyoneD.nobody16.A.plans B.puzzlesC.tearsD.choices17.A.checks B.foodC.moneyD.flowers18.A.amusing B.inspiringC.embarrassingD.surprising19.A.forget B.rememberC.recallD.think20.A.visitors B.pleasuresC.customersD.creationsⅣ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2022届高三阅读理解专项训练5+含答案
阅读理解限时训练五（请在35分钟内完成）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AA Visitor's Guide to Bike Hire in AmsterdamMany of the must-see spots in Amsterdam can be seen on a one-day bike tour. Some of the city's major bike rental shops include:Yellow BikeYellow Bike has two locations in Amsterda-Nieuwezijds Kolk 29 and Nieuwe Nieuwstraat 16.They are only a 3-minute walk from Central Station.The company's trademark bright yellow bikes make renting from Yellow Bike great for beginners. Bike rental costs € 12 for 24 hours and €20 for 48 hours.Open 09:30-17:00.MacBikeMacBike rents out more than 2,000 bikes across five branches in Amsterdam. Its offices are located at Central Station, Oosterdok, Leidseplein,V ondelpark and Waterlooplein.The cost of the hire depends on which model you choose. Three-gear（齿轮）city bikes cost €14.75 for 24 hours.You can also rent electric bikes, tandems（前后双人自行车），children’s bikes and bikes with child seats. Open 09:00-18:00.Bike CityJust around the corner from Anne Frank House,Bike City rents out two types of black city bike.One comes with three gears. The other comes with seven,which is ideal for covering larger distances. Rental costs E 17 for 24hours for the basic bike.Open 09:00-17:30.Discount Bike RentalDiscount Bike Rental offers bikes of all shapes and sizes at a reasonable price. With daytime prices that start at € 7.50 for pedal-brake bikes, this one's perfect for anyone exploring the Dutch capital on a budget. Open 09:00-17:30.1.How much will you pay if you rent a Yellow Bike for two days?A.€20.B.€14.75.C.E17.D.€24.2.Which rental shop allows you to enjoy a bike trip with your kids?A.Yellow Bike.B. MacBikeC.Bike City.D. Discount Bike Rental.3.Who are most likely to rent a bike from Discount Bike Rental?A.People who have to get off work after 17:30.B.People who want to cycle for a larger distance.C.People who visit the capital of Holland for the first time.D.People who expect to explore Amsterdam with less money.BAdrian’s “Amazing Race” started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn’t hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired（听觉受损的）, he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children, However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor,she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words. Later on, Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so,saying regular schools couldn't take care of a special needs student.His parents were determined to take the risk and pushed him hard to go through his work every day because they wanted to prove that,given the opportunity, he could do anything.Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge.The pace（节奏）was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn’t always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school.The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a lop high school.He also achieved a lot in life outside school.He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains.He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06-being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so.But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother. “If you believe in yourself and work hand, you can achieve great results.” She often said.4.How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school?A. By speaking.B. By using sign language.C.By reading lips.D.By making loud noises.5.Why did Adrian's parents decide to send him to a regular school?A. They wanted him to live a normal life.B. They wanted to prove the headmaster wrung.C. He wouldn't mix with other disabled children.D. He wasn’t taken good care of in the special school.6.How did Adrian finally succeed in his study?A. He did a lot of outdoor activities.B. He was serious about his class.C. He attended private classes after school.D. He worked very hand both in and after class.7.Why is Adrian's life described as an “Amazing Race"?A. He did very well in his study.B.He succeeded in entering a regular school.C. He reached his goals in spite of his disability.D. He took part in the World Yacht Race 05/06.CUsing too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving（铺砌）amad can lead to less useable fresh water,A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts（干旱）than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher（洗碗机）only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.8.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?ing river water.B.Throwing batteries away.C. Paving parking lots.D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.9. What can be inferred about the water supply from the text?A. All water shortages are due to human behavior.A.To tell us how to run a dishwasher.B. To show us how to fix leaks at home.C.To prove what drinking glass is best for us.D. To suggest what we do to save water at home.11.What is the text mainly about?A. Why paving roads reduces our water.B. How much we depend on water to live.C. Why droughts occur more in dry climates.D. How human activity affects our water supply.DAnimals can move from place to place,but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away.For example,the leaves of the holly plant have sharp sines刺）that discourage grass-eating animals.Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches.This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree,have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to reach. grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction.Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a caterpillar（毛虫）bites a tobacco leaf，the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has -prickly（多刺的）leave, and catch pricklecontains poisonous venom.A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.12.Why does the holly plant have more spines on the lower leaves?A. Most animals are not tall enough.B. Most animals are not clever enough.C.Most animals like the lower leaves only.D.Most animals can gel the lower leaves easily.13. What do oak trees use to defend themselves?A. Chemical means. B Physical means.C.Bitter chemicals.D.Sandy materials.14. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?A.Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D.Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Plants and AnimalsB. Attacks and DefensesC. How Animals Eat Plant LeavesD.How Plants Defend Themselves第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
5-限时规范训练
5．压缩语段1．(2011·马鞍山高三质检)根据下面的新闻材料，拟一条一句话新闻。
(不超过20字)“红段子”就要来了！在有关部委和几大移动运营商的联合高调推动下，中国手机短信有望“全国山河一片红”。
一场名为“红段子现象——网络时代的中国文化精神和产业走向”的座谈会，在农历新年临近之际，拉开序幕。
其受重视程度，从参会人员可见一斑：工业与信息化部副部长奚国华、国家广播电影电视总局副局长胡占凡、中国移动副总裁李跃、中国联通副总经理姜正新、中国电信副总经理孙康敏等。
在会上，除了发布《“红段子”现象：网络时代的中国文化精神》之外，中国移动通信联合会执行副会长谢麟振提出建议：与会单位共同组建宏观网络文明(“红段子”)产业发展中心。
未来重点培养和发展“百万种子选(写)手”和“千万群众选(写)手”，实现“亿万群众转发参与”。
中国移动通信集团广东公司总经理徐龙撰文称：具有思想性和知识性，内容健康向上，形式短小精悍，效果催人奋进的短信，就是“红段子”。
一句话新闻：_____________________________________________________________ 答案“红段子”有望在中国手机短信中流行。
(关键词：红段子、有望、流行) 2．(2011·浙江调研)从下列文字中，概括“高纯度”饮用水的缺点。
(不超过35个字)人们饮用纯净水的初衷，是避免污染，但纯净水对人体健康的危害绝不可小视。
科学家指出，饮纯净水，无异于让肾脏“下岗”。
据专家分析，现在市场上的各类所谓“高纯度”饮用水，在消除细菌、有机污染物及致癌物质等的制造过程中，也不可避免地将大量人体必需的微量元素消除得一干二净。
众所周知，“水至清则无鱼”，试想连鱼都养不活的水，于我们人类能有多大好处呢？研究表明，“高纯度”饮用水的凝聚态结构，还会把人体内原有的微量元素淋洗出去。
这样一来就减弱了人体的免疫力，可以引发许多疾病。
阅读限时训练5
限时训练5完形填空“What’s it like to have a gap between your teeth?” a girl asked me one day.Nobody had ever 36 before. My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth. But, as she looked at me, sincerely waiting for 37 , I realized she was not trying to be rude. “I never think about it,” I truthfully replied. She nodded and turned away. I was left wondering if people 38 me and saw only happy teeth.Later that day at home, I began to 39 my teeth again. I felt upset. I thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not happy. How I wanted the perfect teeth that everyone else seemed to have!Of course, Mom 40 everything. She has lived her entire life with happy teeth, and tried to convince me that there was nothing to 41 . When I refused to listen, she told me I could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important. “Let’s be 42 , though,” she said. “If everyone got surgeries to become pretty, everyone would be exactly the same. There is beauty in differences.”Her 43 made me consider my teeth seriously. the thought of losing my gap was more terrible than the reality that people were going to notice it. I realized how important it was to me. It is part of my 44 .Nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realiz e their dream of “perfection.” The 45 is that no one is perfect. When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for 46 .So if that girl ever asked about my teeth 47 , I would truthfully answer, “You know? It’s really cute.”36. A. faced B. guessed C. asked D. imagined37. A. an offer B. an answer C. a suggestion D. a result38. A. heard of B. thought of C. talked about D. looked at39. A. consider B. brush C. cover D. appreciate40. A. admitted B. noticed C. controlled D. changed41. A. worry about B. put off C. give up D. wipe out42. A. friendly B. lovely C. honest D. helpful43. A. words B. jokes C. dreams D. acts44. A. ability B. decision C. goal D. identity45. A. possibility B. purpose C. truth D. choice 46. A. courage B. wisdom C. kindness D. beauty47. A. once B. again C. too D. instead阅读理解When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.It goes like this: You can’t take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We’d take the train into th e city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn’t like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom’s friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light-rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where’s the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?I’m writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn’t try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.55. Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?A. Having a car ride.B. Taking the train twice.C. Buying more than one toy.D. Touring the historic district.56. According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?A. Building confidence in herself.B. Reducing her use of private cars.C. Developing her sense of direction.D. Giving her knowledge about vehicles.57. The underlined word “paralyzed” (in Para. 5) is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. displayedB. justifiedC. ignoredD. ruined58. Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?A. Airplane.B. Subway.C. Tram.D. Car.阅读表达[1] Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that cellphones, power lines and WiFi could be responsible for a range of illnesses.[2] Camilla Rees, an investment banker in the US, moved out of her apartment. She said that when her neighbors moved in and installed a WiFi router (路由器) she lost her ability to think clearly. Since then, she’s been on a movement against low-level electromagnetic fields (电磁场), or EMFs. And she’s not alone. Millions of people say they suffer from headaches and depression when they’re too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs. If these fears are justified (有正当理由的), then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into WiFi hotpots.[3] Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences, thinks there’s a greater than 95 percent chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia(白血病). Also there’s a greater than 90 percent chance that cellphones can cause brain tumors (肿瘤). But others believe _________________. Dr Martha Linet at the US National Cancer Institute has reached a different conclusion. “We don’t have the evidence that there’s much danger,” said Linet.[4] Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation (调查) of cellphones and brain cancer has been underway for several years. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cellphone use and cancer risk.[5] According to Robert Park, a professor of physics, the magnetic waves（电磁波）aren’t nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA, w hich is how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer.76. List three sources of EMFs based on the text. (no more than 5 words)① ________________ ② ________________ ③ ________________77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)___________________________________________________________78. How can X-rays cause cancer? (no more than 5 words)___________________________________________________________79. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?We should all pay more attention to the time we spend using sellphones or WiFi if there is scientific evidence to support these anxieties.___________________________________________________________80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.___________________________________________________________36—40 CBDAB 41—45ACADC 46—47DB 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. D76. ① Cellphones ② Power lines ③ WiFi77. there is no need to worry / these concerns are groundless78. By breaking apart DNA.79. If these fears are justified, then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into WiFi hotpots.80. 到目前为止，各项研究表明电磁场同各种疾病之间联系甚微，甚至可以忽略不计。
2022-2023学年八年级上册英语第五单元限时训练 (含答案)
八年级上学期英语Unit 5 限时训练第一卷选择题部分(共60分)I.单项选择(每小题1分，共10分)（）1．﹣You look sad, What has happened?﹣Everyone_______ us to win the match, but we lost．A．expects B．expected C．hopes D．hoped（）2．﹣Why do you like music?﹣Because it's ．A．relaxing B．scary C．sad D．boring（）3．Mulan ________ like a boy and took her father's place to fight in the army．A．gave up B．put up C．dressed up D．took up（）4．﹣Who broke the cup?﹣I don't know．But I'm sure I can ________．A．pick up B．bring out C．make up D．find out（）5．﹣Please stay with me this weekend．﹣I'm sorry，but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago．A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited（）6．They had different ideas for the vacation place．After much ____，they decided to go to New York.A．discussion B．difference C．housework D．information（）7．I heard Mary make much noise last night．Do you know what ____ to her?A．came B．reached C．laughed D．happened（）8．The movie Confucius is educational movie．Most people felt ．A．an；exciting B．an；excitedC．a；exciting D．a；excited（）9．﹣Mickey is one of the _____________ famous cartoon characters．﹣Yes，and no one has a pair of ears ___________ famous than his．A．most；most B.more；more C.more；most D.most；more（）10．﹣When will his new cartoon ______________?﹣Maybe next month．e one overe upe outII.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)Walt Disney, the great film-maker, was born in Chicago in 1901. His greatest wish was to become a famous 11 . When he was a young man, he went to a newspaper office in Kansas City where he had some friends working there. He took with some of his pictures in the hope of getting a 12 there. However, he was 13 and couldn't find a job there. They looked at his 14 and said , "Sorry , young man. We don't think there is anything 15 in your pictures."Disney 16 his heart after hearing the words. But he didn't give up. Soon he 17 drawing his pictures.One day a 18 came into his house and played on the floor. Disney stopped and watched it carefully. Itcame towards him, so he gave it a piece of 19 . Day after day the mouse came back and asked for more bread. In this way they became good 20 .Some years later, Disney moved to the west coast of the USA. He tried to get work as an artist, but still he was unsuccessful. One day he remembered the little mouse. He picked up his pencil and started to draw. He tried and drew 21 pictures of the mouse that he knew. At last he was pleased with one of his pictures of the mouse. He called it Mickey Mouse.Then Disney's success 22 a cartoon-maker began. He soon drew 23 cartoon characters like Donald Duck and Goofy. These cartoons were 24 very much by children. Disney died in 1966. But the studios(工作室) he started are still 25 today, producing(制造) more and more interesting films.11.A. dancer B. teacher C. doctor D. artist12. A. bread B. job C. car D. book13. A. lucky B. unlucky C. happy D. glad14. A. pictures B. films C. mice D. friends15. A. terrible B. boring C. interesting D. meaningless16. A. touched B. threw C. lost D. won17. A. followed B. kept C. stopped D. thought18. A. cat B. dog C. mouse D. duck19. A. cake B. bread C. paper D. candy20. A. film-makers B. students C. workers D. friends21. A. different B. same C. famous D. similar22. A. in B. as C. off D. between23. A. another B. other C. the other D. others24. A. minded B. hated C. enjoyed D. disliked25. A. free B. busy C. relaxing D. comfortableIII. 补全对话（5分）Claire: Hi, Mark! You look tired. What happened?Mark: ____26______ I really want to sleep now.Claire: Were you busy with your homework last night?Mark: No. I finished my homework early. 27Claire: Did anyone go to the cinema with you?Mark: No, just myself. My parents were at work.Claire: 28Mark: No, about ten minutes on foot. The movie was fantastic. What did you do last night?Claire: You know, just as usual. Homework, dancing class...Mark: Dancing class? Why did you have it?Claire: I love dancing. And more importantly, my dancing teacher is quite beautiful.Mark: Oh, really? You’re so lucky. 29Claire: Three times a week. I need someone to practice with. Would you like to come?Mark: Sure. 3026. A. My father worked hard all night. B. I didn’t get enough sleep last night.C. My mother made delicious food.D. I didn’t want to ride my bicycle.27. A. Then I went to see a movie. B. Then I went out with my friends.C. Then I did sports outdoors.D. Then I played computer games.28. A. Is the cinema good? B. Is your home near the hospital?C. Are you good with your friends?D. Is the cinema far from here?29. A. How long does it take? B. How do you like it?C. How much is it?D. How often do you take it?30. A. You’re welcome. B. Why not?C. Have a nice day.D. How come?IV. 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共25分)AMany boys and girls love to watch TV. They spend many hours a day in front of the TV sets. But many parents let their children watch TV only in special time.TV shows are like books or movies. There are many kinds of TV shows, such as sitcoms, soap operas, sports shows, fashion shows, etc. A child can learn good things and bad things from them. Some shows help children to know the news all over the world. Children don't have to go to the zoo to see animals. Boys and girls can see sitcoms, sports shows and game shows at home. Some shows teach children how to cook or how to use tools.Many boys and girls think it is fun to watch TV, but it is also fun to read books, to play games or to visit friends. ( ) 31. Many boys and girls spend ______.A. 4 hours on TV shows on SundayB. 6 hours on TV shows every dayC. many hours a day watching TVD. 2 hours a day in front of the TV sets( ) 32. Many parents ask their children_____.A. not to watch TVB. to watch TVC. to watch TV in special timeD. to go outside on weekends( ) 33. From TV, boys and girls can ______.A. learn good things and bad thingsB. learn nothingC. learn good thingsD. learn how to use a computer( ) 34. Many kids thinks watching TV is ____.A. funB. seriousC. excitingD. boring( ) 35. How does the writer like the TV shows?A. They are good for children.B. They are bad for children.C. Some of them are good for children.D.They are very exciting.BThe Simpsons are the most popular family in the world. Every week, many people all over the world stay at home to watch them on TV.This is a cartoon family of five people: all of them have bad﹣looking yellow faces and big white eyes. The parents are Marge and Homer. Marge has blue hair. She loves her hair very much. She is always very kind to her family. Homer works in a factory and spends all his free time watching TV and eating donuts (炸面圈). He always eats with his mouth open and he is too fat.Bart is the oldest child. He always gets bad marks. He doesn't like to do his homework and often makes his parents angry. He likes playing tricks (恶作剧) on his sister, Lisa. Lisa is a little younger than Bart and is always top of the class at school. She's the smartest person in the family. Maggie is the youngest child. She can't talk or walk but she's always in a good mood (心情). She can only say one word:"Daddy".The Simpsons started in 1989 and it's still very popular now. People of all ages like it because the Simpsons are like a real family. They aren't perfect or beautiful like a lot of families on TV.( )36. What do the Simpsons look like？A.They have good-looking noses.B. They have round blue faces.C. They have short yellow hair.D. They have big white eyes.( )37. What does Homer like doing in his free time?A. Watching TV.B. Doing exercise.C. Cooking donuts.D.Reading books.( )38. From the passage, we know that Bart.A. is quite a smart boyB. is the youngest in his familyC. doesn't work hard at his studyD. likes to play tricks on his sister Maggie( )39. The Simpsons has a history of years.A. 10B. 23C. 30D. 33( )40. What might the writer think of The Simpsons?A.Boring.B. Successful.C.Terrible.D.Perfect.第二卷非选择题部分(共40分)V. 语篇填空(每小题2分,共20分)Every year, there are a lot of student plays at school. However, quite a lot of students don't enjoy （1）（join）school plays. Some think they are too shy on the stage（舞台）. Some say they are too busy. The others think that is very boring and （2）_____（meaning）. When I heard the English club would have an English play Snow White, I（3）（plan）to join it. The main reason was that I really wanted to be on stage. The play Snow White was very famous.Everyone in the club (4) ______(know) a lot about it．There were many （5）（character）in the play. Of course, the girls expected to play the Princess（公主）. Li Fan played the King. Wang Ping and other six boys in the club played the seven dwarfs（矮人）. I thought I might get the role of the Princess, but I lost it. He Yan got it. Miss Wang asked me（6）（act）the role of the Queen. I wasn't very happy about this. But Miss Wang said, "The most important thing is the acting."From then on, I tried (7)___________(be) the Queen. It was difficult for me to do it （8）______(连词) I had no experience（经验）in acting. After two months hard practice, we were ready (9)________(perform) on the stage. It was （10）（success）. People in the hall enjoyed it very much．VI. 情景应用（10分）1. 2. 3. 4. 5.1.-- ________________________________________! -- No, I don’t.2.-- What do you plan to watch this weekend?--________________________________________________.3.--_________________________________________________?-- Because I think they’re enjoyable.4.What do you think of scary movies?--_________________________________________________!5--_________________________________________________?-- Sally likes to watch Wild China tonight.六. 七选五 (每题2分.共10分)Many people enjoy watching movies in a cinema. 1 However, I think people are happier and freer when watching movies at home.Watching movies at home is more comfortable. To watch movies in a cinema, you have to buy the ticket before you go there for a better seat. 2 They can enjoy movies at any time they like and with the most comfortable seat. What's more, people watching movies at home wouldn't have to face any traffic problem.3 In the cinema, we cannot go outside and do something else because the movie won't wait for us. Sometimes, if we miss part of the movie, we cannot follow the story. 4All in all, a cinema is a good place to watch movies, but it isn't the best place to enjoy the movies. 5A.At home, we can pause (暂停) at any time and go back to watch the part.B.Sometimes it’s better to watch movies in a cinema.C.But you don’t have to think of housework all the time.D.I think watching movies at home is better.E.However, there is no need for people at home to worry about the ticket.F.It is free to watch movies at home.G.They think the cinema has a better atmosphere (气氛) to enjoy the movie.参考答案：I.单项选择1-5 AACDC 6-10 ADBDDII.完形填空11-15 DBBAC 16-20 CBCBD 21-25 ABBCBIII. 补全对话26-30 BADDBIV. 阅读理解31-35 CCAAC 36-40 DACDBV. 语篇填空1-5 joining meaningless planned knew characters 6-10 to act to be because to perform successfulVI. 情景应用1. Do you like watching news?2. I plan to watch baseball games.3. Why do you like watching talk shows?4. They are scary.5. What does Sally like to watch tonight?VII.七选五1-5 GEFAD。
外研必修三Module 5语言点限时练习及答案
必修三Module 5 限时训练（2）Language PointsClass _______ Group ______ Name __________ Score _________I. 词汇扫描：Part 1 按要求写出单词的正确形式。
（20×0.5 = 10）1. ________ v. 争论→ ________________ n. 争论/辩论/议论2. influence vt. & n. 影响→ __________________ adj. 有影响的3. _________ adj. 诚实的→ _____________ n. 诚实4. __________ vt. 发明→ ______________ n. 发明→ _______________ n. 发明家5. __________ adj. 善良的→ ____________ n. 善良6. __________ vt. 劝告；建议→ ___________ n. 忠告；建议→ ___________ n.顾问7. __________ adj. 重要的→ _______________ n. 重要性8. _________ adj. 自由的→ ____________ n. 自由9. _________ adj. 平等的→ ____________ n.平等10. contribute v. 贡献；捐助→ ___________________ n. 贡献Part 2 根据汉语或首字母提示填写单词，使句意完整。
(10×1=10)11. He has no p_____________; he’ll do anything as long as it is good to himself.12. I’m not sure what I would do if I were in your p____________.13. Though bought several years ago, the car is still in excellent c______________.14. Qingshihuang was the first r_________ of Qin Dynasty.15. Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in o_________.16. The report __________ (强调) that student’s math skills need improving.17. Tom was not pleased with his boss and planned to __________(辞职).18. They are trying to find a cleaner ________ (燃料) for cars.19. Though __________（哲学）is dull and hard to understand, yet it tells us how to deal with things well.20. He thought that ___________ (公正) was the most important thing in the world.Part 3 根据汉语提示用适当的短语完成句子。
限时训练5
班级： 小组： 姓名：限时训练5出题人：张小平 审题人：马俊坡 时间：2014年3月4日 1．如图表示一交变电流随时间变化的图象，此交变电流的有效值是（ ）A ．52A ；B ．5A ；C ．3．52A ；D ．3．5A 2．小型交流发电机中，矩形金属线圈在匀强磁场中匀速转动。
产生的感应电动势与时间呈正弦函数关系，如图所示，此线圈与一个R ＝10Ω的电阻构成闭合电路，不计电路的其他电阻，下列说法正确的是A ．交变电流的周期为0.125B ．交变电流的频率为8HzC ．交变电流的有效值为2AD ．交变电流的最大值为4A3、一只矩形线圈匀强磁场中绕垂直于磁场的轴匀速转动穿，过线圈的磁通量随时间变化的图像如图中甲所示，则下列说法中正确的是( ) A.t=0时刻线圈平面与中性面垂直 B.t=0.01s 时刻，Φ的变化率达最大 C.t=0.02s 时刻，交流电动势达到最大D.该线圈相应的交流电动势图像如图乙所示4一理想变压器的原线圈上接有正弦交变电压，其最大值保持不变，副线圈接有可调电阻R 。
设原线圈的电流为I 1，输入功率为P 1，副线圈的电流为I 2，输出功率为P 2。
当R 增大时 A ．I 1减小，P 1增大 B ．I 1减小，P 1减小 D ．I 2增大，P 2减小 D ．I 2增大，P 2增大5．如图，一理想变压器原线圈接入一交流电源，副线圈电路中R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4均为固定电阻，开关S读数分别为U1和U 2；为理想电流表，读数分别为I 1、I 2和I 3。
现断开S ，U 1数值不变，下列推断中正确的是 A ．U 2变小、I 3变小 B ．U 2不变、I 3变大 C ．I 1变小、I 2变小 D ．I 1变大、I 2变大6．下列运动中，在任何相等的时间内物体的动量变化完全相同的是( )． A ．竖直上抛运动(不计空气阻力) B ．平抛运动(不计空气阻力) C ．匀速圆周运动 D ．自由落体运动7、如图1示，两个质量相等的物体，在同一高度沿倾角不同的两个光滑斜面由静止自由滑下到达斜面底端的过程中，相同的物理量是 （ ）A ．重力的冲量B．弹力的冲量C．合力的冲量D．刚到达底端的动量E．刚到达底端时的动量的水平分量F．以上几个量都不同8、A、B两个物体都静止在光滑水平面上，当分别受到大小相等的水平力作用，经过相等时间，则下述说法中正确的是 [ ]A．A、B所受的冲量相同B．A、B的动量变化相同C．A、B的末动量相同 D．A、B的末动量大小相同9、关于冲量、动量与动量变化的下述说法中正确的是 [ ]A．物体的动量等于物体所受的冲量B．物体所受外力的冲量大小等于物体动量的变化大小C．物体所受外力的冲量方向与物体动量的变化方向相同D．物体的动量变化方向与物体的动量方向相同10、一个质量为m的小球以速率v垂直射向墙壁，被墙以等速率反向弹回．若球与墙的作用时间为t，则小球受到墙的作用力大小为[ ]A．mv/t B．2mv/t C．mv/2t D．011、人从高处跳到低处，为了安全，一般都是让脚尖先着地，接着让整个脚底着地，并让人下蹲，这样做是为了[ ]A．减小人受到的冲量 B．减小人的动量变化C．延长与地面的作用时间，从而减小人受到的作用力D．延长与地面的作用时间，使人所受地面给他的弹力小于人所受的重力12、动量相等的甲、乙两车，刹车后沿两条水平路面滑行，若两车质量之比m1/m2=1/2，路面对两车的阻力相同，则两车滑行时间之比为（）A．1：1 B．1：2 C．2：1 D．1：4一、选择题（把答案填到下表中）二、计算题13、如图50－1所示，质量为m的小球以速度v碰到墙壁上，被反弹回来的速度大小为2v/3，若球与墙的作用时间为t，求小球与墙相碰过程中所受的墙壁给它的作用力．14、一质量为1kg的小球从0．8m高处自由下落到一软垫上，若从小球刚接触软垫到小球陷到最低点经历0．2秒，求软垫对小球的平均作用力。
外研必修三Module 5定语从句限时练习及答案
必修三Module 5 限时训练（1）GrammarClass _______ Group ______ Name __________ Score _________I. 基础训练：定语从句对比练习(40×1 = 40)1. a) The man ______ she married last year was a PLA man.b) The man ______ she was married last year was a PLA man.A. whomB. to whomC. with whomD. whose2. a) The day ______ she spent with us was never to be forgotten.b) The day ______ she played with us was never to be forgotten.A. thatB. on whichC. on thatD. in which3. a) She brought forward a plan _______ we didn’t agree.b) She brought forward a plan _______ we would go for a picnic.c) She brought forward a plan _______ we didn’t accept.A. thatB. whichC. to whichD. A and B4. a) The place ______ you visited during your holiday is where I used to live for years.b) The place ______ you stayed for three years is where an ancient city used to be.c) The place ______ interests the children most is Disneyland.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. B and C5. a) The sun heats the earth, _______ we all know.b) The sun heats the earth, _______ we didn’t know before.c) The sun heats the earth, _______ makes it possible to grow crops.A. thatB. whichC. asD. where6. a) This is one of the best novels ______ published last year.b) This is the only one of the best novels ______ published last year.A. which wereB. which wasC. that wereD. that was7. a) Is this flat _______ you once lived in?b) Is this the flat ________ you once lived in?c) Is this the flat _______ you once lived?d) Is this the very flat _______ you once lived in?e) Is it in this flat _______ you once lived?A. thatB. asC. whereD. the one8. a) She has two children, both of ______ are teachers.b) She has two children, and both of ______ are teachers.c) She has two children, _______ are teachers.d) She has four children; both of ______ are teachers.A. whoB. thatC. themD. whom9. a) ______ is well known that great changes have taken place in China recently.b) _______ is well known, great changes have taken place in China recently.c) _______ is well known is that great changes have taken place in China recently.A. ThatB. AsC. ItD. What10. a) This is such an interesting film ______ we all want to see it.b) This is such an interesting film ______ we all want to see.A. whichB. thatC. asD. what11. a) He likes the dictionary ______ cover is brown.b) He likes the dictionary ______ the cover is brown.c) He likes the dictionary the cover of ________ is brown.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. of which12. a) The doctor did all ______ he could to save the patient.b) The doctor did _______ he could to save the patient.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. what13. a) Rice grows well ________ there is enough water.b) Rice grows well in the place _______ has enough water.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. /14. a) It was October 1st, 1949 ________ the People’s Republic of China was founded.b) It was on October 1st, 1949 _______ the People’s Republic of China was founded.A. thatB. in whichC. whenD. which15. a) Galileo collected the facts _______ proved the earth moves round the sun.b) Galileo collected the facts _______ the earth moves round the sun.A. whichB. thatC. /D. A and BII. 能力提升：定语从句高考真题练习(20×1 = 20)16. (07四川) It is reported that two schools, _____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. they bothB. which bothC. both of themD. both of which17. (08四川) For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _____ New York is anexample.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which18. (10四川) After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out tobe a wise decision．A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where19. (11四川) The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.A. whichB. whoseC. whenD. where20. (12四川) In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them21. (12全国II) That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when22. (12安徽) Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year oflife, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. asB. itC. whichD. this23. (12重庆) Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where24. (12福建) The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past twomonths.A. thatB. itC. asD. what25. (12陕西) It is the third time that she has won the race, _______ has surprised us all.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what26. (12山东) Maria has written two novels, both of _______ have been made into television series.A. themB. thatC. whichD. what27. (12天津) I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which28. (11全国I) The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what29. (11江西) She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more thanthree years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which30. (11浙江) A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it backwhen it begins to rain.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. there31. (11天津) The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which32. (10山东) That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. What33. (10山东) Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which34. (12全国II) 100℃ is the temperature _______ which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of35. (09山东) Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. whoB. whichC. whenD. thatⅢ. 补全对话(5× 2= 10)W: Good morning. I that 8089932?M: 46W: This is Maria Smith calling from the Packaging Company. 47M: Speaking.W: We’ve got your job application and I’m calling to arrange an interview with you.M: 48 When will it be?W: 49 Would that be all right?M: 50W: So we look forward to seeing you then. Bye-Bye.M: Bye. Thanks for calling.IV. 阅读表达(5×3=15)[1] Although many Chinese students say they have a good knowledge of English grammar, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to Chinese students, they always say, “My spoken English is poor.” However, their spoke n English does not have to remain poor! I would suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.[2] First, they can’t find suitable words to express themselves because of limited vocabulary. Clearlythe better answer is to expand their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary if your attitude is positive. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.[3] Second, they are afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be fluency and accuracy (流畅和准确). You want to make yourself understood, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you can, even if sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn’t matter because the person you are s peaking to will understand you and ignore (忽略) your mistakes.[4] Third, no enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that is heard is necessary for you to start speaking.[5] Fourth, most Chinese students are inactive rather than active language learners. Instead of actively finding opportunities to improve their spoken English, they passively wait for speaking opportunities(机会) to come to them and wonder why their spoken English always remains poor. If you have positive attitude, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.36. What’s the main idea of the p assage? (within 10 words)_______________________________________________________________________________ 37. Why are Chinese students unable to express themselves properly according to the writer? (within 4words)_____________________________________________38. What’s the writer’s suggestion in Paragraph 3? (within 6 words)____________________________________________________39. What does the underlined word “they” in Para 5 mean? (within 3 words)___________________________________40. What does the writer think most Chinese students should do to improve their spoken Englishaccording to Para 5? (within 10 words)_____________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. 短文改错(10×1.5=15)When I am a child, I always wished to become an adult so that I could do all what I liked. I wanted to have more space where I was able to follow my own heart without follow my parents’ instructions. As time going by, I have grown up gradually, but I find things are quite different from what I expect. I do have the free to do more things alone. But, I have to take on much responsibilities. I have to take charge of my life and face challenges brave. Now I am determined to work hard and go to collegeso that I can have bright future.限时训练1 （Grammar）I. 对比练习(40×1=40)1. AB2. AB3. CAD4. ADA5. CBB6. CD7. DACAA8. DCAC9. CBD 10. BC 11. CDB 12. AD 13. BA 14. CA 15. DBII. 高考真题练习((20×1.5 = 30)16~20 DCBBC 21~25 BADCC 26~30 CBCCC 31~35 ACCBBⅢ. 阅读表达(5×3 =15)36. Reasons f or Chinese students’ problems with spoken English.37. Because of limited vocabulary.38. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.39. Most Chinese students40. They should be active language learners. //They should actively find speaking opportunities. Ⅳ. 短文改错(10×1.5=15)41. am改为was 42. 去掉all或what, 或将what改为that 43. 第二个follow改为following 44. As改为With或going改为went45. expect改为expected 46. free改为freedom47. But改为However 48. much改为more49. brave改为bravely 50. bright前加a。
部编版高一语文必修上册第五单元 限时训练(试题+答案+答题卡)
部编版高一语文必修上册第五单元限时训练时间：50分钟一、现代文阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
寻找安详郭震海秋深，黄昏，风起。
苍茫的群山之中，林深似海，我轻轻地整了整衣领，有点儿微凉。
我开始隐隐担心，对身边的老乡说：“马上天黑了，还没找到安详。
”“快了，再翻过一座山就到了。
”老乡说。
为了寻找安详，我早上从市里出发，坐了个上午的长途客车，午饭简单吃过，我们开始入山。
不承想这一走就是六个多小时。
在逃天蔽日的松柏树下，我们艰难地翻越了四座大山，眼看夜幕低垂，仍看不到有人家的迹象。
“你确定我要找的人是在这里吗？他可是个著名的山水画家，名叫安详，安静的‘安’，详细的‘详’。
”我说。
“是哩，他确实叫安详，是不是个画家不晓得，但俺知道，他是个守山人。
”老乡说。
这真的是我要寻找的安详吗？我产生了深深的忧虑。
想起他的山水画，下笔灵动，浑然天成，自成一派，如行云流水，功力深厚，在几次全国书画大展中屡获大奖，被爱画者出高价争相收藏。
奇怪的是，几次颁奖现场，他均是缺席。
大家只是通过署名得知他叫“安详”，除此之外没有任何其他信息。
安详是谁？谁是安详？只见其画，不见其人。
有人说安详住在京城，有别墅，有私家花园；也有人说，安详是一位大学教授，为人十分低调等等，总之被传得神乎其神。
夜里11点多，我几乎要绝望的时候，终于看到远处的一丝光亮，听到了狗吠声。
老乡告诉我，那是守山人居住的防火瞭望塔顶部的太阳能电池板在月光下发出的亮光。
我们朝着亮光走去。
“安详，安详——”走近了，老乡高喊着。
狗吠声愈加猛烈。
借着老乡手电筒的光亮，我看到从石砌的瞭望塔中走出一个五大三粗的老农。
他真的是画家安详？我更加怀疑。
“安详，有人找你。
”老乡喊道。
安详喝住狗，问道：“找我有事吗？”“您是著名画家安详？”我急切地问道。
“不，你应该是找错人了。
我是安详，但不是画家，更不‘著名’，只是一个守山人。
”他的回答如此干脆，让我十分绝望。
“先弄些水喝，嗓子都冒烟了。
限时训练5
限时训练51．第谷、开普勒等人对行星运动的研究漫长而曲折，牛顿在他们研究的基础上，得出了科学史上最伟大的定律之一——万有引力定律。
下列有关万有引力定律的说法中正确的是A ．开普勒通过研究观测记录发现行星绕太阳运行的轨道是椭圆B ．太阳与行星之间引力的规律并不适用于行星与它的卫星C ．库仑利用实验较为准确地测出了引力常量G 的数值D ．牛顿在发现万有引力定律的过程中应用了牛顿第三定律的知识2．如图所示，一名骑独轮车的杂技演员在空中钢索上表演。
已知独轮车和演员的总质量为60 kg ，两侧钢索的夹角为150°，钢索所能承受的最大拉力为2 000 N ，g 取10 m ／s 2。
当独轮车和演员在图示位置静止不动时，钢索对独轮车的作用力大小为A ．600 NB ．1200 NC ．2000 ND ．4000 N3．两木块A 、B 用一轻弹簧连接，静置于水平地面上，如图(a)所示。
现用一竖直向上的力F 拉动木块A ，使木块A 向上做匀加速直线运动，如图(b)所示。
从木块A 开始运动到木块B 将要离开地面的过程中，下述判断正确的是(设弹簧始终于弹性限度内)A ．弹簧的弹性势能一直减小B ．力F 一直增大C ．木块A 的动能和重力势能之和一直增大D ．两木块A 、B 和轻弹簧组成的系统的机械能先增大后减小4．图为某小型水电站的电能输送示意图，发电机通过升压变压器1T 和降压变压器2T 向用户供电。
已知输电线的总电阻R=10Ω，降压变压器2T 的原、副线圈匝数之比为4：1，副线圈与纯电阻用电器组成闭合电路，用电器电阻R 0=11Ω。
若12T T 、均为理想变压器，2T 的副线圈两端电压表达式为u tV π=。
下列说法正确的是A ．发电机中的电流变化频率为100 HzB ．通过用电器的电流有效值为20 AC ．升压变压器的输入功率为4 650 WD ．当用电器的电阻R 0减小时，发电机的输出功率减小5．如图所示，两面积较大、正对着的平行极板A 、B 水平放置，极板上带有等量异种电荷。
一轮复习限时训练5(太阳辐射对地球的影响)
1．据图可判断（）时低于15时物体收入辐射能与支出辐射能的差值称为辐射差额，下图为上海某日某地地面辐射差额的日变化图，读图回答题。
5．下列关于该地该日的说法最可能的是A．昼长为a→b→c时段B．日出发生在a之前C．日落发生在c之后D．b为一天中气温最高时6．从图中可以发现：该地该日正值区阴影面积远大于负值区阴影面积，导致这种现象的影响因素有①昼长因素②地面辐射③大气的散射④大气逆辐射A．①②B．②③C．③④D．①④9．如仅考虑光合有效辐射，我国农业生产潜力最大的地区是（）A．长江中下游平原B．四川盆地C．华北平原D．青藏高原10．乙地PAR值高于甲地的主要原因是（）A.纬度高B．植被少C．地势高D．云雨少日照率是指一定时段内，实际日照总时数占可照总时数的百分率，下图为我国四地多年平均日照率月份变化统计图。
读图完成题。
11、下列说法正确的是A、四地日照率冬季差异最小B、哈密日照率高主要原因是纬度高C、北京日照率全年变化最小D、上海受“副高”影响时日照率高12、M地最可能是A、重庆B、哈尔滨C、呼和浩特D、拉萨下图为青藏高原三江源地区太阳辐射量空间分布示意图。
读下图，完成14～16题。
13．与四川盆地相比较青藏高原太阳能丰富的原因是（）①纬度低，太阳高度角大②天气晴朗干燥，大气透明度好，光照时间长③地势高，离太阳近，太阳辐射强④地势高，空气稀薄，大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用小A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④14．ab沿线云量基本一致，但太阳辐射量差异明显，影响这一现象产生的主要因素是（）A．纬度B．气象C．下垫面D．大气环流15．有关太阳能资源的开发利用，说法正确的是（）A．太阳能资源是“取之不尽，用之不竭”的清洁能源B．利用太阳能发电，连续性好，投资少，收益大C．中国青藏高原是世界上太阳能最丰富的地区D．利用太阳能发电是西藏主要的能源利用方式下图是某区域太阳年辐射总量等值线（单位：百万焦耳/平方米·年）图。
直线运动 限时训练5
直线运动限时训练51．（2011年广东高考）（1）图14是“研究匀变速直线运动”实验中获得的一条纸带，O 、A 、B 、C 、D 和E 为纸带上六个计数点。
加速度大小用a 表示：① OD 间的距离为 cm② 图15是根据实验数据绘出的2s t 图线（s 为各计数点至同一起点的距离），斜率表示 ，其大小为 2/m s （保留三位有效数字）。
2．（2013年广东高考）（1）研究小车匀变速直线运动的实验装置如图16（a ）所示，其中斜面倾角可调。
打点计时器的工作频率为50Hz 。
纸带上计数点的间距如图16（b ）所示，其中每相邻两点之间还有4个记录点未画出。
①部分实验步骤如下：A.测量完毕，关闭电源，取出纸带。
B.接通电源，待打点计时器工作稳定后放开小车。
C.将小车停靠在打点计时器附近，小车尾部与纸带相连。
D.把打点计时器固定在夹板上，让纸带穿过限位孔。
上述实验步骤的正确顺序是：_________________________（用字母填写）。
②图16（b ）中标出的相信两计数点的时间间隔T =_________s 。
③计数点5对应的瞬时速度大小计算式为v 5= 。
④为了充分利用记录数据，减小误差，小车加速度大小的计算式应为a= 。
.3．（1）如图a 是某同学做“研究匀变速直线运动”实验时获得的一条纸带．①打点计时器电源频率为50Hz ． A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F 、G 是纸带上7个连续的点， F 点由于不清晰而未画出．试根据纸带上的数据，推测F 点的位置并在纸带上标出，算出对应的速度v F = m/s （计算结果保留两位有效数字） ②图ｂ是某同学根据纸带上的数据，作出的v －t 图象．根据图象，t ＝０时的速度v 0= m/s 、加速度a = m/s 2（计算结果保留两位有效数字）4.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)图1－4－4为测量物块与水平桌面之间动摩擦因数的实验装置示意图．实验步骤如下：①用天平测量物块和遮光片的总质量M 、重物的质量m ；用游标卡尺测量遮光片的宽度d ；用米尺测量两光电门之间的距离s ；②调整轻滑轮，使细线水平；③让物块从光电门A 的左侧由静止释放，用数字毫秒计分别测出遮光片经过光电门A 和光电门B 所用的时间Δt A和Δt B ，求出加速度a ；④多次重复步骤③，求a 的平均值a ； ⑤根据上述实验数据求出动摩擦因数μ. 回答下列问题：(1)测量d 时，某次游标卡尺(主尺的最小分度为1 mm)的示数如图1－4－5所示，其读数为________cm. (2)物块的加速度a 可用d 、s 、Δt A 和Δt B 表示为a ＝______.(3)动摩擦因数μ可用M 、m 、a 和重力加速度g 表示为μ＝________.(4)如果细线没有调整到水平，由此引起的误差属于________(填“偶然误差”或“系统误差”)．4．(2011年增城调研)(1)打点计时器是中学阶段常用的实验仪器，打点计时器所使用的电源是________(“交流电”或“直流电”)，每隔________s 打下一个点．(2)某同学利用打点计时器所记录的纸带来研究做匀变速直线运动小车的运动情况，实验中获得一条纸带，如图所示，其中两相邻计数点间有四个点未画出．已知所用电源的频率为50 Hz ，小车运动的加速度a ＝________m/s 2.(计算结果要求保留三位有效数字)A CB D E G0.700.50 1.100.9001cm234756a1110--⨯ms /v 01.2.03.04.05.06.07.08.s/t -210⨯0824610b1．（2011年广东高考）．（1）① 1.20 ②加速度的二分之一 0.467 2.（1）答案：①CDBA ②0.1s ③T s s 254+ ④23216549)()(T s s s s s s ++-++ 3.（1）①如图，v F =7.0×10-１m/s ； ②2.0×10-１m/s 、5.0m/s 2评分说明：每对一项给2分4.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)【解析】 (1)游标卡尺的读数9 mm ＋12×0.05 mm ＝9.60 mm ＝0.960 cm(2)由v 2B －v 2A ＝2as ，v A ＝d Δt A ，vB ＝d Δt B 联立得a ＝(d Δt B )2－(dΔt A )22s (3)设细线的张力为T ，对M 有T －μMg ＝M a 对m 有mg －T ＝m a联立两式得μ＝mg －(M ＋m )a Mg(4)细线没有调整到水平，造成张力T 不水平，若此时以T 水平来分析计算，会造成测量值总是偏大或偏小，这种由于实验操作造成的误差，属于系统误差．【答案】 0.960 (2)12s [(d Δt B )2－(dΔt A )2](3)mg －(M ＋m )aMg (4)系统误差0.70A CB D E F G0.50 1.1001cm 2347560.90。
曲线运动 限时训练5
曲线运动 限时训练513．（2011年高考·全国卷新课标版）一带负电荷的质点，在电场力作用下沿曲线abc 从a 运动到c ，已知质点的速率是递减的。
关于b 点电场强度E 的方向，下列图示中可能正确的是（虚线是曲线在b 点的切线）A ．B ．C ．D ．14．在同一高度将质量相等的三个小球以大小相同的速度分别竖直上抛、竖直下抛、水平抛出，不计空气阻力．从抛出到落地过程中，三球A ．运动时间相同B ．落地时的速度相同C ．落地前的路程相同D ．落地时的速度的大小相同15．[2014·安徽卷] 如图所示，一倾斜的匀质圆盘绕垂直于盘面的固定对称轴以恒定角速度ω 转动，盘面上离转轴距离2.5 m 处有一小物体与圆盘始终保持相对静止．物体与盘面间的动摩擦因数为32(设最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力)，盘面与水平面的夹角为30°，g 取10 m/s 2.则ω的最大值是( )A. 5 rad/sB. 3 rad/sC ．1.0 rad/sD ．0.5 rad/s16．如图所示，红蜡块能在玻璃管的水中匀速上升，若红蜡块在A 点匀速上升的同时，使玻璃管水平向右做匀加速直线运动，则红蜡块实际运动的轨迹是图中的A ．直线PB ．曲线QC ．曲线RD ．无法确定17．（2014汕头二模）如图，在匀速转动的洗衣机脱水桶内壁上，有一件湿衣服随圆桶一起转动而未滑动，则A ．衣服随圆桶做圆周运动的向心力由静摩擦力提供B ．圆桶转速增大，衣服对桶壁的压力也增大C ．圆桶转速足够大时，衣服上的水滴将做离心运动D ．圆桶转速增大以后，衣服所受摩擦力也增大 a b c Ea b c Ea b c E ab cE18．(2013海南卷)关于物体所受合外力的方向，下列说法正确的是A ．物体做速率逐渐增加的直线运动时，其所受合外力的方向一定与速度方向相同B ．物体做变速率曲线运动时，其所受合外力的方向一定改变C ．物体做变速率圆周运动时，其所受合外力的方向一定指向圆心D ．物体做匀速率曲线运动时，其所受合外力的方向总是与速度方向垂直19．如图，绳子的一端固定在O 点，另一端拴一重物在水平面上做匀速圆周运动( )A ．转速相同时，绳长的容易断B ．周期相同时，绳短的容易断C ．线速度大小相等时，绳短的容易断D ．线速度大小相等时，绳长的容易断20．在地面上观察下列物体的运动，其中物体做曲线运动的是( )A ．向东运动的质点受到一个向西的力的作用B ．正在竖直上升的气球突然遭遇一阵北风C ．河水匀速流动，正在河里匀速驶向对岸的汽艇D ．在以速度v 行驶的列车上，以相对列车的速度v 水平向前抛出的一个小球21．（2012年浙江卷）由光滑细管组成的轨道如图所示，其中AB 段和BC 段是半径为R 的四分之一圆弧，轨道固定在竖直平面内．一质量为m 的小球，从距离水平地面高为H 的管口D 处静止释放，最后能够从A 端水平抛出落到地面上．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．小球落到地面时相对于A 点的水平位移值为222RH R -B ．小球落到地面时相对于A 点的水平位移值为2224RH R -C ．小球能从细管A 端水平抛出的条件是H ＞2RD ．小球能从细管A 端水平抛出的最小高度min 52H R =1．（2011年高考·全国卷新课标版）1.D 解析：主要考查电场力方向和曲线运动所受合外力与轨迹的关系。
福建省泉州第五中学2023-2024学年九年级上学期数学限时训练(PDF版,无答案)
泉州五中2021级初三（上）数学限时训练（5）（满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）班级姓名号数成绩一、选择题（单项选择，每小题4分，共40分，在答题卡上相应题目的答题区域内作答）1．点(3,5)-到y 轴的距离是（）A ．3B ．5C ．5-D ．3-2．如果25a b =，那么下列比例式中正确的是（）A ．25a b =B ．25a b =C ．52a b =D ．25a b =3．如图所示，每个小正方形的边长均为1，则下列A 、B 、C 、D 四个图中的三角形（阴影部分）与△EFG 相似的是（）A ．B ．C ．D ．4．如图，AB 是⊙O 的直径， BC CD DE ==，若35COD ∠=︒，则∠AOE 的度数是（）A ．35°B ．55°C ．75°D ．92°第4题图第6题图第8题图第9题图5．对抛物线：223y x x =-+-而言，下列结论正确的是（）A ．与x 轴有两个交点B ．开口向上C ．与y 轴的交点坐标是(0,3)D ．顶点坐标是(1,2)-6．如图，已知D 、E 分别是△ABC 中AB 、AC 边上的点，DE BC ∥且13AD AB =，ADE ∆的周长为2，则△ABC 的周长为（）A ．4B ．6C ．8D ．187．在Rt △ABC 中，90C ∠=︒，3BC =，3sin 5A =，则tan A =（）A ．34B ．43C ．45D ．548△ABC 中，90ACB ∠=︒，点D 为AB 边中点，连接CD ，已知4CD =，cos 2BCD ∠=，则BC 的值为（）A B ．C ．D ．49．如图AB 为⊙O 一条弦，OD AB ⊥交AB 于N ，交劣弧AB 于点D ，在⊙O 取一点C ，连接AC 交OD 于M ，连接DC ，若30ACD ∠=︒，M 为ON 中点，且2DN =，则AM =（）A B ．C ．D ．10．抛物线452-++-=k kx x y 与x 轴的一个交点为A （m ，0），若12≤≤-m ，则实数k 的取值范围为（）A ．1421≤≤-kB ．1421≥-≤k k 或C ．895≤≤-kD ．895≥-≤k k 或二、填空题（每小题4分，共24分，在答题卡上相应题目的答题区域内作答）11．=︒30cos ．12．如图，在△ABC 中，90ACB ∠=︒，点D 是AB 的中点，5CD =，8AC =，则BC =．13．抛物线2()4y x m =--+经过点(2,)A n -，(6,)B n ，则m =．14．如图，AB 是⊙O 的直径，弦CD AB ⊥，垂足为E ，连接AD ，若10AB =，6CD =，则弦AD 的长为．15．如图，一个小球由地面沿着坡度为4:3=i 的坡面向上前进了15cm ，则此时小球水平方向前进的距离是cm ．16．如图，在△ABC 中，90ACB ∠=︒，4AC BC ==，点D 为BC 边上一动点（不与点B 、C 重合），CE 垂直AD 交AB 于点E ，垂足为点H ，连接BH 并延长交AC 于点F ，下面结论：①若AD 是BC 边上的中线，则255DH =；②若AD 平分∠CAB ，则22CD BD =；③若2BD CD =，则3AE BE =；④BH 的最小值为5．正确的是．第12题图第14题图第15题图第16题图三、解答题（共86分，在答题卡上相应题目的答题区域内作答）17．（8分）计算：()︒+--++45sin 23210π．18．（8分）如图，在Rt △ABC 中，90ABC ∠=︒，E 是边AC 上一点，且BE BC =，过点A 作BE 的垂线，交BE 的延长线于点D ，求证：ADE ABC △∽△．19．（8分）已知O 是坐标原点，A 、B 的坐标分别为(3,1)，(2,1)-．（1）以原点O 为位似中心，位似比为1:2，在y 轴的左侧，画出△OAB 放大后的图形△OA 1B 1；（2）直接写出A 1点的坐标；若点(,)D a b 在线段OA 上，点D 对应点D 1的坐标为．20．（8分）已知：如图，矩形ABCD 的对角线AC ，BD 相交于点O ，120BOC ∠=︒，2AB =．（1）BD=；（2）过O 作OE AD ⊥于点E ，连结BE ．记ABE α∠=，求tan α的值．21．（8分）长沙电视塔位于岳麓山顶峰，其功能集广播电视信号发射与旅游观光于一身．某校数学社团的同学对长沙电视塔的高度进行了测量，如图，他们在A 处仰望塔顶，测得仰角为30°，再往塔的方向前进104m 至B 处，测得仰角为60°．（参考数据：3 1.7≈）（1）求证：AB DB =；（2）若学生的身高忽略不计，求该塔CD 的高度？（结果精确到1m ）22．（10分）如图，AB 为⊙O 的直径，△ACD 内接于⊙O ，45ADC ∠=︒，CD 交AB 于点E ．（1）求∠BAC 的度数；（2）若点E 为OB 中点，5CE =，求AE 的长．23．（10分）如图，在足够大的空地上有一段长为a 米（a 为常数）的旧墙MN ，某人利用旧墙和木栏围成一个矩形菜园ABCD ，其中AD MN ≤，已知矩形菜园的一边靠墙，另三边一共用了100米木栏．若设AD 的长度为x 米，矩形菜园ABCD 面积为S 平方米．（1）写出S 与x 的关系式（不要求写出自变量的取值范围）；（2）若20a =，所围成的矩形菜园的面积为450平方米，求所利用旧墙AD 的长；（3）求矩形菜园ABCD 面积的最大值．24．（12分）已知矩形ABCD ，点E 、F 分别在AD 、DC 边上运动，连接BF 、CE ，记BF 、CE 交于点P ．（1）如图1，若35AB AD =，4CF =，BF ⊥CE 于P ，①求证：△CDE ∽△BCF ；②求线段DE 的长度；（2）如图2，若EBF DEC ∠=∠，23BP AD =，求EP PC ．25．（14分）如图，在平面直角坐标系中，抛物线232y ax bx =+-与x 轴交于(1,0)A -，(3,0)B 两点，其顶点为M ．直线y kx k =-与抛物线相交于E ，F 两点（点E 在点F 的左侧）．（1）求抛物线的函数表达式和点M 的坐标；（2）当线段EF 被抛物线的对称轴分成长度比为1:4的两部分时，求k 的值；（3）连接EM ，FM ，试探究∠EMF 的大小是否为定值．若是，请求出该定值；若不是，请说明理由．。
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限时训练(五) 机械能守恒定律一、单项选择题（共有4个小题，每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个是正确的）1．如图1所示，斜劈劈尖顶着竖直墙壁静止于水平面上，现将一小球从图示位置静止释放，不计一切摩擦，则在小球从释放到落至地面的过程中，下列说法正确的是( )A.斜劈对小球的弹力不做功B.斜劈与小球组成的系统机械能守恒C.斜劈的机械能守恒D.小球重力势能减少量等于斜劈动能的增加量答案：B解析：不计一切摩擦，小球下滑时，小球和斜劈组成的系统只有小球重力做功，系统机械能守恒，所以小球重力势能减少量等于小球动能和斜劈动能增加量，故选B.2. 如图2所示，一根跨越光滑定滑轮的轻绳，两端各有一杂技演员（可视为质点），演员a 站于地面，演员b 从图示的位置由静止开始向下摆，运动过程中绳始终处于伸直状态，当演员b 摆至最低点时，演员a 刚好对地面无压力，则演员a 与演员b 质量之比为（ ）A. 1∶1B. 2∶1C. 3∶1D. 4∶1 答案：B解析：由机械能守恒定律求出演员b 下落至最低点时的速度大小为v. )60cos 1(212︒-=mgl mv ,gl gl v =︒-=)60cos 1(22.此时绳的拉力为 lv m mg F T 2+==2mg ,演员a 刚好对地压力为0.则m a g =F T =2mg .故m a ∶m =2∶1. 3. 如图3所示，重10N 的滑块在倾角为30°的斜面上，从a 点由静止开始下滑，到b 点开始压缩轻弹簧，到c 点时达到最大速度，到d 点（图中未画出）开始弹回，返回b 点离开弹簧，恰能再回到a 点.若bc =0.1m ，弹簧弹性势能的最大值为8J ，则 ( )A.轻弹簧的劲度系数是50N/mB.从d 到c 滑块克服重力做功8 JC.滑块动能的最大值为8JD.从d 到c 弹簧的弹力做功8J答案：A4. (2011·惠州模拟)如图4所示，斜面AB 和水平面B C是由同一图1图2 图 3图4板材上截下的两段，连接处平滑.将小铁块从A 处静止释放后，它将沿斜面向下滑行，最终停在P 点.若从该板上再截下一段搁置在A 、P ′之间（P ′在P 的右侧），构成一个新的斜面，再将小铁块放回A 处，并轻推一下使之沿新的斜面下滑，小铁块在新的斜面运动是（ ）A.匀加速直线运动B.匀减速直线运动C.匀速直线运动D.以上三种运动均有可能答案：B解析：小铁块从A 沿ABP 滑到P 点，由动能定理得：mgh-μmg cos α·21cos umgx x -α=0即：μ=21x x h +=tan θ.所以小铁块沿斜面AP 做匀速直线运动，而沿新的斜面AP ′ 运动时，由于μ＞tan β，所以做匀减速直线运动.二、双项选择题（每题给出的四个选项中，有两项是正确的）5. 一辆汽车保持功率不变驶上一斜坡，其牵引力逐渐增大，阻力保持不变，则在汽车驶上斜坡的过程中（ ）A.加速度逐渐增大B.速度逐渐增大C.加速度逐渐减小D.速度逐渐减小答案：CD解析：由P=F· v 可知，汽车的牵引力逐渐增大，其上坡的速度逐渐减小，汽车的加速度方向沿坡向下，由牛顿第二定律得：mg sin θ+F f -F =ma ,随F 增大，a 逐渐减小，综上所述，C 、D 正确，A 、B 错误.6.已知货物的质量为m ，在某段时间内起重机将货物以a 的加速度加速升高h ，则在这段时间内叙述正确的是（重力加速度为g ）（ ）A.货物的动能一定增加mah-mghB.货物的机械能一定增加mahC.货物的重力势能一定增加mghD.货物的机械能一定增加mah+mgh 答案：CD解析：逐项分析如下7. 前不久，在温哥华冬奥运动会上我国冰上运动健儿表现出色，取得了一个又一个骄人的成绩.如图5所示，滑雪运动员沿斜坡高速向下滑行，其速度—时间图象如图6所示，则由图象中AB 段曲线可知，运动员在此过程中（ ）图5 图6A.做曲线运动B.机械能守恒C.所受力的合力不断减少D.平均速度v ＞2B A v v + 答案：CD 解析：速度—时间图象并不是表示物体的运动轨迹，A 错误；由图象可知，[运动员的加速度越来越小，故运动员所受的合外力越来越小，且运动员的机械能不守恒，B 错误、C 正确；利用图象的面积表示位移可知，此运动过程中的平均速度v ＞2B A v v +，D 正确.8. 如图7所示为竖直平面内的直角坐标系.一个质量为m 的质点，在恒力F 和重力的作用下，从坐标原点O 由静止开始沿直线OA 斜向下运动，直线OA 与y 轴负方向成θ角（θ＜90°）.不计空气阻力，重力加速度为g , 则以下说法正确的是 （ ）A.当F = mg tan θ时，质点的机械能守恒B.当F = mg sin θ时，质点的机械能守恒C.当F = mg tan θ时，质点的机械能可能减小也可能增大D.当F = mg sin θ时，质点的机械能可能减小也可能增大答案：BC解析：考查机械能守恒定律.如图为力的矢量三角形图示，若F=mg tan θ,则F 力可能为b 方向或c 方向，故力F 的方向可能与运动方向成锐角，也可能与运动方向成钝角，除重力外的力F 对质点可能做正功，也可能做负功，故质点机械能可能增大，也可能减小，C 对A 错 ；当F=mg sin θ，即力F 为a 方向时，力F 垂直质点运动方向，故只有重力对质点做功，机械能守恒，B 对D 错.9.如图8所示，一轻弹簧直立于水平地面上，质量为m 的小球从距离弹簧上端B点h 高处的A 点自由下落，在C 点处小球速度达到最大.x 0表示B 、C 两点之间的距离；E k 表示小球在C 处的动能.若改变高度h ,则下列表示x 0随h变图7 图8化的图象和E k 随h 变化的图象中正确的是（ ）答案：BC解析：由题意“在C 点处小球速度达到最大”，可知C 点是平衡位置，小球受到的重力与弹力平衡，该位置与h 无关，B 项正确；根据动能定理有 k c p E mv E x h mg ==-+2021)(,其中x 0与弹性势能E p 为常数，可判断出C 项正确. 三、非选择题10. 用如图9所示的装置做“探究机械能守恒定律”实验.（1）如果认为g =10m/s 2，打点计时器打点周期为T =0.02s ，不考虑阻力影响，则关于纸带的第一点和第二点的距离大小及形成的原因，下列说法中正确的是 .A.若第一点和第二点的距离大于2mm ，则表明在开始打点前就将纸带由静止释放 B.若第一点和第二点的距离大于2mm ，则表明在开始打点后才将纸带由静止释放C.若先开始打点后释放纸带，则不可能出现第一点和第二点距离大于2mm 的情况D.若先开始打点后释放纸带，则不可能出现第一点和第二点距离小于2mm 的情况（2）某同学在应用打点计时器做验证机械能守恒定律实验中，获取一条纸带如图10所示，但测量发现0、1两点距离远大于2mm ，且0、1和1、2间有点漏打，而其他所有打点都是清晰完整的，现在该同学用刻度尺分别量出2、3、4、5、6、7六个点到0点的长度h i （i =2、3、4、…、7），再利用打点计时器打点周期为T ，分别计算得到3、4、5、6四个点的速度v i 和v i 2（i =3、4、5、6）.图10 ①该同学求6点的速度的计算式是：v 6= .②该同学将计算得到的四组（h i , v i 2）数据在v 2-h 坐标系中找到对应的坐标点，将四个点连接起来得到如图所示的直线，由此判断重物下落过程机械能守恒的依据是 .答案：（1）AC （2）①Th h 257- ②在实验误差范围内直线斜率等于2g图9解析：考查验证机械能守恒定律实验，深刻理解实验原理，会根据图象得出实验结论.（1）不考虑阻力影响时，重物做自由落体运动.根据运动学公式h=gt 2/2可知，如打下第一个点时纸带的速度为零，则第一个点与第二个点的距离为2 mm.如果先打点后放纸带，则打下第一个点时纸带的速度肯定为零，打下第二个点时重物下落的时间t ≤0.02 s ，两点间的距离x ≤2 mm ；如第一个点与第二个点的距离大于2 mm ，则表明打下第一个点时纸带的速度不为零，即先放纸带后打点，AC 正确.（2）①自由落体属于匀变速直线运动，根据一段时间内的平均速度等于中间时刻的瞬时速度，有=6v Th h 257-. ②根据机械能守恒定律，从0点到任意i 点有mv i 2/2=mv 02/2+mgh i ，得到：v i 2=v 02+2gh i , v 2-h 关系是一条直线，斜率为2g ，所以只要在直线上取相对较远两点，计算出斜率，与2g 比较，在实验误差范围内相等即可.11. 如图11所示，水上滑梯由斜槽AB 和水平槽BC 构成，AB 与BC 圆滑连接，斜槽的竖直高度H = 15m ，BC 面高出水面的距离h = 0.80m.一质量m =50kg 的游戏者从滑梯顶端A 点由静止滑下，g 取10m/s 2.（1）若忽略游戏者下滑过程中受到的一切阻力，求游戏者从斜槽顶端A点由静止滑下到斜槽底端B 点的速度大小； （2）若由于阻力的作用，游戏者从滑梯顶端A 点由静止滑下到达滑梯末端C 点时的速度大小v C =15 m/s ，求这一过程中游戏者克服阻力做的功；（保留两位有效数字） 答案：（1）17 m/s (2)1.9×103 J解析：（1）设游戏者滑至B 点的速度为v B ，游戏者在下滑过程中机械能守恒有mgH =221B mv 解得v B =17 m/s（2）设游戏者克服阻力做功为W f ，根据动能定理有 mgH-W f =221C mv 解得W f =mgH -221C mv =1.9×103 J . 12. 如图12所示，一内壁光滑的细管弯成半径为R = 0.4m 的半圆形轨道CD ，竖直放置，其内径略大于小球的直径，水平轨道与竖直半圆轨道在C 点连接完好.置于水平轨道上的弹簧左端与竖直墙壁相连，B 处为弹簧的自然状态.将一个质量为m =0.8kg 的小球放在弹簧的右侧后，用力向左侧推小球而压缩弹簧至A 处，然后将小球由静止释放，小球运动到C 处后对轨道的压力为F 1=58N.水平轨道以B 处为界，左侧AB 段长为x =0.3m ，与小球的动摩擦因数为μ=0.5,右侧BC 段光滑.g =10m/s 2，求：图11图12（1）弹簧在压缩时所储存的弹性势能.（2）小球运动到轨道最高处D 点时对轨道的压力.答案：(1)11.2 J (2)10 N解析：机械能守恒定律和动能定理是物理学中的核心知识点，是物理学探究问题和解决问题的重要方法，也是分析问题的两条主线.此题是机械能守恒定律、动能定理、圆周运动中对轨道压力计算的综合问题.认真分析出小球在C 、D 处的受力情况，求出各处的速度是解题的关键.（1）对小球在C 处，由牛顿第二定律及向心力公式得Rv m mg F 211=- 8.04.0)108.058()(11⨯⨯-=-=m R mg F v m/s=5 m/s 从A 到B 由动能定理得E P - umgx 2121mv =E p =2121mv +μmgx =21×0.8×52+0.5×0.8×10×0.3J=11.2 J （2）从C 到D 由机械能守恒定律得222121221mv mgR mv += 4.010*******⨯⨯-=-=gR v v m/s=3 m/s由于v 2＞gR =2 m/s ,所以小球在D 处对轨道外壁有压力.小球在D 处，由牛顿第二定律及向心力公式得F 2+mg =Rv m 22 )104.03(8.0)(2222-⨯=-=g R v m F N=10N 由牛顿第三定律知，球对轨道压力为10 N .。