现代汉译英口译教程 (自动保存的)

UNIT 1
To excavate发掘['ekskə,veit]
Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇陵墓[,mɔ:sə'liəm]
Metropolis n. 大都市；首府；重要中心[mi'trɔpəlis, me-] Proper 严格意义上的（用于名词后面）
Mansion n大厦；宅邸['mænʃən]
China World Trade Tower 国贸中心
Expressway 高速公路
Overpass/ flyover 高架道路；立体交叉
Footbridge 天桥
Underpass / underground （在铁路等下面通过的）地道
Passageway 高架桥下通道
Pedestrian adj. 徒步的；缺乏想像力的n. 行人；步行者The lama temple 雍和宫lama ['lɑ:mə] n. 喇嘛
Cloud Pillar华表
Chang‟an Boulevard长安街Star Boulevard星光大道
Boulevard […bu: lvɑ: d, 'buləvɑ: d ] n. 林荫大道；（美）大马路adj. 娱乐性的vt. 给…提供林阴大街；把…建成林阴大街
Locale [ləu'kɑ:l , -'kæd ] n. 场所，现场
posterity 子孙，后代
sedan chair 轿子sedan [si'dæn] n. [美]轿车；轿子
To garrison ['ɡærisən] n. 要塞；卫戍部队vt. 驻防；守卫Thoroughfare 大街/大道；干线公路，干道
Traditional single-story houses with rooms around the four sides of a courtyard 四合院Freestanding 【建】独立式的
Impediment阻碍
Symposium研讨会，专题报告会
Terrace 平台
Beacon tower烽火台
The Warring States Period战国时代
Nomad游牧部落的一员
Terrain地形
Juyongguan Pass居庸关
Battlement 城垛
At regular interval每隔一定距离
Hectare 公顷
The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest 祈年殿
The Imperial Vault of Heaven 皇穹宇
The Circular Mound Altar圜丘坛
The Hall of Abstinence 斋宫
Lath 【建】板条
Rafter 【建】椽
Triple eaves 三重檐
Twelve divisions of day and night 十二时辰
Solar terms / the twenty-four divisions of the solar year 节气
Tier （阶式看台等的）（一）排/ 屋
Balustrade栏杆，扶栏
Railing 栏杆，围栏，扶手
Concentric 同心的
Winter solstice 冬至
To offer sacrifice to 祭祀
Spirit tablet (for the dead ancestors, deities, or other objects of worship) 牌位Supreme Ruler of Heaven 皇天上帝
Echo Wall 回音壁
Acoustic 听觉的，声学的
周边外围circumference
渤海湾Bohai Gulf
流域面积drainage area
珠江the Pearl River
京韵大鼓story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment
豆汁a fermented drink made from ground beans
纪念品souvenir
避暑胜地summer resort
护城河moat
宫palace
殿hall
亭，阁pavilion
水榭pavilion on the water
阁tower
塔（舍利塔式的）dagoba
塔（宝塔式的）pagoda
寺院monastery
寺；庙temple
圣坛；祭坛altar
假山artificial hillock; rockery
角楼，岗楼watchtower
鼓楼drum tower
钟楼clock tower
古代钟楼bell tower
牌楼pailou ; ceremonial / memorial arch
围墙enclosure wall
（敦煌）壁画(Dunhuang) Murals
复制品reproduction / replica
仿制品imitation
扇面fan leaf
装裱mount(ing)
浮雕木刻wooden carving(s) in relief
泥塑clay figure modeling
人像image / figure
塑像moulded figure
小塑像figure
塑像；铸像statue
半身雕塑像bust
与真人大小相等的泥像life-size clay figure
古玩antique / curio
坠子pendant
镯子bracelet
胸针brooch
景泰蓝cloisonné, cloisonnéenamel
漆器lacquerware, lacquerwork
UNIT 2
奖牌榜medal tally
广播体操set exercises to radio music
《准备劳动与卫国》体育制度（简称“劳卫制”）sports system to strengthen labor and defense capabilities 国家体育锻炼标准Athletic Fitness Standard
全民健身计划Whole-People Health-Building Plan
居民小区residential community / housing estate (英)
密切注意；关心（体育）的发展状况to follow (sports) 授予（称号，学位，权力等）to confer
复兴，振兴to revitalize
使有系统；整理systemize / systematize
历史悠久的time-honored
牦牛赛yak race
跳板springboard
秋千swing
石弓，弩crossbow
五禽（指虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟）戏five-animal exercises 挡to repel
形意拳imitation boxing
九节鞭nine-section whip
生理的physiological
疗法therapy
呼吸respiration
平衡equilibrium
体格constitution
开业医生practitioner
生物电流bioelectricity
亚运会the Asian Games
东亚运动会East Asian Games
亚洲冬季运动会Asian Winter Games
远南残疾人运动会the Far South Para-Olympics
远东及南太平洋地区残疾人运动会Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled
世界大学生运动会the Universiade / World University Games
容纳——名观众to accommodate….spectators
最高级，最高精尖，尖端state-of-the-art
举行场所，会场venue
延……的三倍to triple the length of…
提高地铁载客量4倍to quadruple the capacity of the subway system
具有国际先进水平的体育场馆state-of-the-art sports venues
曲棍球场hockey field
冰球场ice hockey rink
高架桥elevated walkway
奥林匹克公园the Olympic Green
中华民族博物馆Chinese Nationalities Museum
综合体育馆sports complex
首都体育馆the Capital Stadium
建筑面积floor space
套路set exercises
内功exercises to benefit the internal organs
外功exercises to benefit the muscles and bones
发展体育运动，增强人民体质promote physical culture and improve the people‟s physical fitness
promote sports, get fit
锻炼身体，保卫祖国build a good / sound constitution to defend the country;
get fit, defend the homeland
为祖国争光to win honors for the motherland / homeland
胜不骄，败不馁do not become cocky / be dizzy with success, not downcast over /discouraged by defeat
体育道德sportsmanship
打出水平，打出风格up to one‟s best level in skill and style of play
竞技状态好in good form
失常not in shape/ good form
比分领先to outscore
……胜…wins
打成平局to draw; to tie; to play even/ level the score; to end in a draw/tie; to tie with one‟s competitor
扳成平局to equalize the score
屡次出现平局the score was tied again and again
……次平局…draws
失利to lose
……负…loses
竞技性体育athletic sports; competitive sports
健身性体育health-giving sports; health-building sports; body-building sports
娱乐性体育entertaining sports; recreational sports
中华人民共和国运动委员会（国家体委）Sports Commission of the People‟s Republic of China 中华全国体育总会All-China Sports Federation
执行委员会executive board
秘书处secretary department / secretariat
体育中心sports center / complex
运动会sports meets; athletic meeting; games
比赛地点competition / sports venue(s)
国际比赛international tournament
邀请赛invitational tournament
锦标赛championship
体育场stadium; sports field / ground
体育馆gymnasium, gym; indoor
练习场地training gymnasium and stadium
检录处call room
兴奋剂检测中心drug-testing center
操场playground; sports ground; drill ground
课间/ 工间课physical exercises during breaks
体育工作者physical educator, PE workers; sports organizer
运动爱好者sports fan / enthusiast
啦啦队cheering-section
主队home team
客队visiting team
教练员coach
裁判员referee
裁判长chief referee
男子项目men‟s events
女子项目women‟s events
全能冠军all-round champion
冠军champion; gold medalist
亚军runner-up; second; silver medalist
第三名third; bronze medalist
世界记录保持者world record holder
种子选手seed player; seed
优秀选手top-ranking/ topnotch athlete
田径运动track and field; athletics
田赛field events
径赛track events
跳高high jump
撑杆跳高pole jump; pole-vault
跳远long / broad jump
三级跳远hop, step and jump; triple jump
标枪javelin throw
铅球shot put
铁饼discus throw
链球hammer throw
马拉松赛跑Marathon (race)
接力relay race, relay
跨栏比赛hurdles; hurdle race
竞走walking; walking race
体操gymnastics [dʒim'næstiks]
自由体操floor / free exercises
蹦床trampoline ['træmpəli:n]
技巧运动acrobatic gymnastics [,ækrəu'bætik]
垫上运动mat exercise
单杠horizontal bar ['hɔri'zɔntəl]
双杠parallel bars
高低杠uneven bars; high-low bars
吊环rings
跳马vaulting horse [vɔ:lt]
鞍马pommel horse ['pʌməl, 'pɔm-]
足球场field, pitch
篮球场basketball court
乒乓球拍racket, bat
羽毛球运动badminton
羽毛球shuttlecock; shuttle ['ʃʌtlkɔk]
球拍racket
垒球softball
棒（垒）球场baseball (softball) field / ground
手球handball; team netball
手球场handball field
曲棍球hockey; field hockey
现代五项modern pentathlon [pen'tæθlən]
铁人三项（三项全能运动）triathlon [trai'æθlɔn]水上运动water/ aquatic sports [ə'kwætik]
水上运动中心aquatic sports center
水球（运动）water polo
水球场playing pool
滑水water skiing
游泳馆natatorium [,neitə'tɔ:riəm]
自由泳freestyle; crawl (stroke)
蛙泳breaststroke
侧泳sidestroke
蝶泳butterfly(stroke)
海豚式dolphin stroke / kick
蹼泳fin swimming
跳台跳水platform diving
跳板跳水springboard diving
帆船运动yachting; sailing [jɔt]
皮划艇运动kayak ['kaiæk]
赛艇运动rowing [rəu]
赛龙舟dragon boat racing
举重weightlifting
重量级/中量级/轻量级heavyweight / middleweight / lightweight 击剑fencing
射击shooting
靶场shooting range
射箭archery
拳击boxing
拳术quanshu , barehanded exercises; Chinese boxing
气功qigong, breathing exercises
打擂台to fight a challenge fight in an arena [ə'ri:nə]
康复医疗体育recuperative medical sports
自行车运动cycling; cycle racing
室内自行车赛场indoor velodrome ['vi:lədrəum]
赛马场equestrian park [i'kwestriən]
骑术horsemanship
马术equestrianism [i'kwestriənizəm]
国际象棋(international) chess
中国象棋xiangqi，Chinese chess
象棋大师master
特级大师grandmaster
围棋weiqi, go
航空模型aero model; model aero plane
航海模型marine model ; model ship
定点跳伞accuracy jump; precision landing
无线电定向radio direction finding
造型跳伞relative work
滑翔运动gliding; sailing planning
技巧sports acrobatics
拔河tug-of-war
毽子shuttlecock
踢毽子shuttlecock kicking
毽球jianqiu, shuttlecock playing
冰球运动ice hockey
冰球场rink
冰球puck [pʌk] , rubber ['rʌbə]
速度滑冰speed skating
花样滑冰figure skating
冰场skating rink; ice rink
人工冰场artificial ice stadium
高山滑雪alpine skiing ['ælpain]
冰壶curling ['kə:liŋ]
蹦极bungee jumping ['bʌndʒi:]
台球billiards
滑板skateboard
溜旱冰roller skating
定向越野orienteering
民族传统体育traditional ethnic sports
蒙古族的摔跤、赛马、射箭Mongolian wrestling, horsemanship and archery
回族的踢毽、拔河kicking the shuttlecock and tug-of-war of the Hui
藏族的赛牦牛Tibetan yak racing
苗族的荡秋千、划龙舟Miao people‟s swinging and dragon-boat racing
壮族的“投绣球”Zhuang people‟s “throwing balls made of colored silk”
朝鲜族的荡秋千、跳板Korean swinging and see-sawing
侗族的骑木马(踩高跷) walking on stilts of the Dong people
瑶族的打陀螺whipping tops of the Yao People
高山族的放风筝kite-flying of the Gao-shan
柯尔克孜族的“追姑娘”the “girl chasing” of the Kirgiz
扭秧歌yangge dancing
奥林匹克精神是互相了解、友谊、团结和公平竞争。

The Olympic Spirit is the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, solidarity and fair play.
奥林匹克圣火象征着光明、团结、友谊、和平、正义。

The Olympic Flame symbolizes brightness, solidarity, friendship, peace and fair play.
新北京，新奥运New Beijing, Great Olympics
绿色奥运，科技奥运，人文奥运Green Olympics, High-Tech Olympics and People‟s Olympics 中国结Chinese Knot
北京2008年奥运会会徽由奥运五环色构成，形似中国传统民间工艺品的“中国结”，又似一个打太极拳的人形和数字56，代表中国的56个民族。

The emblem of the Beijing Olympics Games of 2008 has the same colors of the Olympic rings. It looks like a “Chinese Knot”, a traditional handcraft. It also resembles a person doing taiji shadow boxing and the figure 56, which represents the 56 nationalities of China.
UNIT 3
有计划、分阶段地in stages in a planned way
多层次、多形式、学科门类基本齐全的高等教育体系
Higher education system which offers a complete range of subjects at various levels through diverse formats and media
政府办学为主体、社会各界共同办学
Government as the major investor and social institutions, mass organizations, and individuals as co-investors
行业、企业、事业单位industries, businesses and public institutions
协调to coordinate
学位条例Degree Statute
《未成年人保护法》Law of Protection of Minors
游戏活动小组play group
巡回教学点“caravan” mobile service
灌输，教诲to inculcate
入学率enrollment rate of school-age children
扫盲教育anti-illiteracy education
扫盲班literacy class
联合国教科文组织UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国儿童基金会UNICEF (United Nations International Children‟s Emergency Fund / United Nations Children‟s Fund)
联合国人口基金会UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)
联合国开发计划署UNDP (United Nations Development Program)
大学专科junior college program
国家级重点实验室和专业实验室state-level key labs and specialized labs
全国基本普及九年义务教育to popularize nine-year compulsory education nationwide
普及九年义务教育universalization of nine-year compulsory schooling
基本扫除青壮年文盲to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged population 扫除青壮年文盲elimination of literacy among young and middle-aged people
高校高新技术产业high-tech-based enterprises affiliated with universities
素质教育Essential-Quality-Oriented (EQO) Education
全面提高国民素质和民族创新能力to improve the quality of the nation and enhance its innovative capacity
遵纪守法教育education in legal knowledge and discipline
爱国主义、国际主义、集体主义、共产主义、社会主义理想教育
education in patriotism, internationalism, collectivism, communism and social ideals
培养社会公德to foster a sense of public morals
共产主义道德品质communist ethnics
政治思想教育political and ideological education
中华民族优秀传统和革命传统教育
education in the fine tradition of the Chinese nation and in our revolutionary education
体育和美育physical and aesthetic education
高层次创造性人才工程High-Level Creative Talent Development Project
知识创新knowledge innovation
知识更新knowledge renewal
团结，协作和奉献solidarity, teamwork and dedication
学术攻坚to break new grounds in advanced research
博士后流动站post-doctoral program
函授教育correspondence-based education
广播电视教育broadcast / TV-based education
中国教育科研网CERNET (China Education and Research Net)
全国大学生招生远程录取on-line enrollment of students admitted to HELs
计算机学籍管理computer-aided management of students‟ record and status
毕业生远程就业服务network service for graduate job seeker
继续教育制度continuing education system
国家自学考试state-administered examination for self-taught students
高校高新技术产业化工程Project of Commercializing High and New Technologies Developed in HELs
培育经济新的增长点to foster new growth points in the national economy
高新技术企业high-and-new-technology-based (HNT-based) enterprise
科技园区science and technology park
科技开发“孵化器”incubator of scientific and technological development
《面向21世纪教育振兴计划》Action Plan for Invigorating Education Towards the 21 Century （院校）合并amalgamation
授予硕士学位to confer master‟s degree
脱产学习to be released from work for study
毛入学率gross enrollment rate
在校学生人数total enrollment of students
招生数students newly recruited /enrolled
大学生本专科招生与研究生招生之比
the ratio of recruits of undergraduate students to graduate students
文理科综合大学comprehensive universities of liberal arts and science
教育部直属院校universities directly under the Ministry of Education
高等院校调整to reorganize / readjust institutions of higher learning
优化高等教育的布局和专业结构
to rationalize the locations and their educational program planning
科教兴国战略
the strategy of rejuvenating the nation through science and education
211工程
Project 211, that is, developing 100 major universities and an extensive range of important disciplines and areas of study to reach advanced world standards by the early part of the 21st century
教育要面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来
To gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future
五爱（爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物）
Five loves (love the motherland, love the people, love work. Love science and take good care of public property)
四有新人（有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义新人）
New citizens with lofty ideals, moral integrity, rich knowledge and a sense of discipline
人才流失严重
Brain drain remains serious
构筑终身学习体系，创建学习型社会
to set up a lifelong education system and create a learning society
营造尊师重教、求知好学的社会氛围To create a social environment in which teachers are respected, and education is valued, knowledge sought and learning stressed
导师+辅导员制supervisor-instructor system
本科+硕士研究生统筹培养undergraduate-postgraduates‟ overall training plan
放宽招生和入学的年龄限制to widen the age limits of recruitment and enrollment
计算机的普及要从娃娃抓起the popularization of computer should start from children.
坚持社会主义方向to keep to the socialist orientation
德才兼备to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability
教书育人to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge
培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently
启发学生独立思考的能力to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves
培养学生自学能力to foster the students‟ ability to study on their own
发挥学生主动性、创造性to give scope to the students‟initiative and creativeness / creativity
自学成才to become educated through independent study
勤工俭学work-study program
启发式elicitation method (of teaching); Heuristic study
填鸭式教学法cramming; forced-feeding method of teaching
普及教育universal education
高等教育higher / tertiary education
普遍教育general education
职业技术教育vocational and technical education
高等学校institution of higher learning / higher education institution (HEI)
综合性大学comprehensive university
文科大学university of liberal arts
文科院校colleges of arts
理工科大学college / university of science and engineering
师范大学normal university; teachers‟ university
师范学院teachers‟ college
大学university
学院college, school, institute
医科大学medical university
医学院medical college
中医院institute of traditional Chinese medicine
音乐学院conservatory of music
美术学院academy of fine arts
体育学院physical culture institute
业余职工大学spare-time college for staff and workers
电视广播大学television and radio broadcasting university
函授学院correspondence school
教师进修学校teachers‟ college for vocational studies
半工半读学校part-work and part-study school
半农半读学校part-farm work and part-study school
中等专业学校secondary specialized school; polytechnic school
中等技术学校secondary technical school; technical secondary school
职业学校vocational school
为聋哑、弱智等残疾儿童开办的学校special school for deaf-mutes and mentally disabled children
附中attached middle school
在职进修班in-service training course
进修班class for advanced studies
短训班short-term training course
专修班special (training) course
自学考试examinations for the self-taught / exams open to the public
教职员teaching and administrative staff
教学人员the faculty; teaching staff
（中小学）校长headmaster / headmistress; principal
（大专院校）校长president; chancellor
教务长dean of studies
（系）主任faculty / department chair / chairperson
副主任vice-chair
副教授associate professor
客座教授visiting professor; guest professor
讲师lecturer
助教teaching assistant
辅导员counselor<美> (assistant for political and ideological work)
教研室/ 组teaching and research section / group
教员休息室staff room; common room
母校Alma Mater
校友alumnus(男) 复数alumni; alumna(女) 复数alumnae
学生会student(s‟) union / association
高年级学生upper / higher grade student; student in senior grades
低年级学生lower grade student; student in junior grades
走读生day student; non-resident student
住宿生boarder
旁听生student not formally enrolled
研究生graduate student; postgraduate (student)
硕士生postgraduate studying for a master‟s degree
博士生postgraduate studying for a doctor‟s / doctoral degree; Ph. D. candidate
应届毕业生graduating student; this year‟s graduate
辍学/ 失学青少年school dropout
听课to visit a class; to sit in a class; to attend a lecture
公开课open class
课程course; curriculum
课程表school timetable
课外活动extracurricular activities
课外辅导instruction after class
课外阅读outside reading
（大学的）研究小组；讨论会seminar
教学大纲teaching program; syllabus
教学内容content of courses; course content
学习年限period of schooling, term of study
学历record of formal schooling
学年school / academic year
学期(school) term; semester
三学期制the trimester system
双学士制double BA degree system
主辅修制a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field
分数mark; grade
五分制the five-grade marking system / five-point grading system
百分制100-mark system
学习成绩academic record; school record
成绩单school report; report card; transcript
毕业论文thesis; dissertation
毕业实习graduation field work
毕业设计graduation project
毕业典礼graduation ceremony; commencement
毕业证书graduation certificate; diploma
毕业鉴定graduation appraisal
授予某人学位to confer a degree on sb.
升级to go on to the next grade / to promoted to be a higher grade
留级to repeat the year‟s work; to stay down
补考make-up examination
升学to go to a school of a higher level; to enter a higher school
升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher level
奖学金scholarship
（国家助学金）(state) stipend / subsidy
领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student , scholarship student
学费tuition (fee)
伙食费board expenses
伙食补助food allowance
UNIT 4
半边天half the Sky
半封建半殖民地的semi-feudal and semi-colonial
帝国主义，封建主义，官僚资本主义imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism 受……支配；服从于to be subject to
父姓家族制度patriarchal family system
男女在政治和经济上不平等的根源
roots of political and economic inequality between men and women
取消一切带歧视性的法律to abolish all women‟s discriminatory legislations
实行改革开发的政策
implementation of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world
提高妇女地位to raise women‟s status
封建思想根深蒂固feudal ideas die hard
家务劳动household chores
在城里打零工to work on /do odd jobs in the cities
大中型企业the large and medium-sized enterprises
优化组合to optimize the production
工作环境中的性骚扰sexual harassment at work
家庭暴力family violence at work
拐卖妇女trafficking in women
适应迅速变化的形势to keep up with the changing circumstances
自尊、自信、自立、自强self-respect, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-development
不懈努力sustained efforts
中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People‟s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
中国共产党Communist Party f China (CPC)
国务院各部委various ministries and commissions under the State Council
带薪的产假paid maternity leave
从传统产业转向第三产业to shift to tertiary industry from conventional industries
更适合妇女的生理特点to be more suited to women‟s physiological characteristics
农村妇女创新奖Prize for Women‟s Creativity in Rural Life
世界妇女首脑会议基金Women‟s World Summit Foundation
遗传工程学genetic engineering
微电子学microelectronics
院士academician
中国科学院Chinese Academy of Science
中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
中国医学院Chinese Academy of Medical Science
推动成人教育和职业教育，消除文盲妇女promoting adult and vocational education and eliminating illiteracy among women
中高级专业职称professional titles of middle and senior ranks
未成年人minors
杀婴弃婴infanticide and abandoning infants
青春期puberty
体罚corporal punishment
文盲妇女women illiterates, illiterate women
普通高校regular institutions of higher learning
希望工程Project Hope
春雷计划the Spring Bud Program
救助事业儿童to provide assistance to dropouts
基层义务工作者grass-roots health workers and medical staff
孕产妇死亡率women‟s mortality rate due to pregnancy and childbirth
儿童福利机构children‟s welfare institutions
康复中心rehabilitation centers
聋哑和智残儿童hearing-impaired and mentally challenged children
前所未有的unprecedented
服务行业service industry
低人一等，被人看不起to be looked down upon as inferior to
进入科技前沿领域to have stepped into the frontiers of science and technology
草拟方案to draft a proposition
采取双重标准to adopt a double standard
加班加点to work overtime
提高素质to improve oneself
中国的妇女顶半边天。

Chinese women “hold up half the sky”.
中国的妇女是一种伟大的人力资源。

必须发掘这种资源，为了建设伟大社会主义国家而奋斗。

China‟s women are a vast human resource.
This resource should be tapped in our effort to build a great socialist country.
旧中国的男子，普遍受到政权、族权和神权这三大权力系统的支配。

而妇女，除了要受这三大权力的支配外，还要受夫权的支配，这四种权力——政权、族权、神权、夫权——代表了全部封建宗法的思想和制度，是束缚中国人民特别是农民的四条极大地绳索。

Men in old China were usually subject to the domination of three systems of authority, namely political authority, clan authority and religious authority. As for women, in addition to being dominated by these three systems of authority, they were also dominated by the authority of the husband. These four authorities ——political, clan, religious and masculine embody the whole feudal patriarchal ideology and system, and were the four thick ropes binding the Chinese people particularly the peasants.
大男子主义male chauvinism
三从（未嫁从父、既嫁从夫、夫死从子）
the three obedience (to father before marriage, to husband after marriage, and to son after the death of husband)
四德（妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功）
the four virtues (morality, proper speech, modest manner and good needlework)
男尊女卑
Men are superior; women are inferior./
The male is respected, while the female is regarded as lowly.
贤妻良virtuous wife and good mother
《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》
Laws of the People‟s Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women
妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等方面享受与男子平等的权利。

Women enjoy equal rights with men in all aspects of political, economic, cultural, social and family life.
实行男女同工同酬。

To apply the principle of equal pay for equal work to men and women alike
Equal pay for equal work should be applied to men and women alike.
国家保护妇女依法享有的特殊权益，逐步完善对妇女的社会保障制度。

The state protects the special rights and interests enjoyed by women according to law, and gradually perfects its social security system with respect to women.
禁止歧视、虐待、残害妇女
Discrimination against women, abuse of women, or causing injury or death to women, are all prohibited.
保障妇女的合法权益是社会的共同责任.
The protection of women lawful rights and interests is a common responsibility of the whole society.
妇女有权通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。

Women have the right to conduct state affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings and administer social affairs through various channels and in various ways.
妇女享有与男子平等的选举权和被选举权。

Women have the same right as men to vote and to stand for election.
全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会的代表中，应当有适当数量的妇女代表，并逐步提高妇女代表的比例。

Among deputies to the National People‟s Congress and local people‟s congresses at various levels, there should be an appropriate number of women deputies, and the proportion should be increased gradually.
密切人大代表同人民的联系
deputies to people's congresses maintain close ties with the general public
国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的文化教育权利。

The state guarantees that women enjoy equal rights with men with respect to culture and education.
父母或者其他监护人必须履行保障适龄女性儿童少年接受义务教育的义务。

Parents or other guardians must perform their duty of ensuring that female school-age children or adolescents receive the compulsory education.
国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的劳动权利。

The state guarantees that women enjoy equal rights with men with respect to work/employment. 任何单位均应根据妇女的特点，依法保护妇女工作和劳动时的安全和健康，不得安排不适合妇女从事的工作和劳动。

All employers should, in line with women‟s characteristics and according to law, ensure women‟s safety and protect their health in work or physical labor, and should not assign to them any work or physical labor unsuitable for women.
妇女在经期、孕期、产期、哺乳期受特殊保护。

Women are under special protection during menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth and lactation periods.
禁止歧视、虐待生育女婴的妇女和不良妇女。

Discrimination against or maltreatment of women who are sterile or give birth to female babies is prohibited.
禁止用迷信、暴力手段残害妇女。

Cruel treatment causing injury even death of women by superstition or violence is prohibited.
禁止虐待和遗弃老年妇女。

Maltreatment or abandonment of aged women s prohibited.
禁止拐卖和绑架妇女。

Abduction of and trafficking of aged women is prohibited.
禁止卖淫、嫖娼。

Prostitution is prohibited.
国家保护妇女的婚姻自由权。

The state protects women‟s right if self-determination with regard to marriage.
禁止干涉妇女的结婚、离婚自由。

Interference with women‟s rights regarding marriage or divorce is prohibited.
有理想、有道德、有文化、守纪律的社会主义事业的接班人
Successors to the socialist cause with high ideals, lofty morality, a good education and a sense of discipline.
理想教育、道德教育、文化教育、纪律和法制教育
Education in ideals, morality and ethics, culture, discipline and legal system
德育、智育、体育、美育、劳动教育
(to conduct) moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labor education
反对资本主义、封建主义思想的侵蚀
To resist the influence of bourgeois and feudal ideology
教育与保护相结合
To combine education with protection
禁止体罚corporal punishment is forbidden.
教育、感化、挽救education, persuasion, and redemption
坚持教育为主、体罚为辅的原则to uphold the principle of taking education as the main method and punishment as the subsidiary method.
买卖婚姻mercenary marriage
双方自愿结合both / two parties agree to get married
一夫一妻制monogamy
多配偶（一夫多妻、一妻多夫）polygamy
重婚（罪）bigamy
中华全国妇女联合会All-China Women‟s Federation
三八红旗手March 8th Red Banner Pacesetter
托儿所nursery
托儿站child-care center
日托托儿站day-care center, day nursery
全托托儿站boarding nursery
哺乳室nursery/ crèche (where mothers leave their babies when at work and breast-feed them during breaks)
保育员nurse(at a nursery)
婴儿班infant class
抚养孩子child-rearing
UNIT 5
预期寿命life expectance
可喜的gratifying
（根据已知资料或观察所做的）预测、估计projection
不平衡的；不对等的；不规律的；参差不齐的uneven
在全国形成网络form a nationwide network
宣传教育to give publicity to and conduct education on
（法律、协议等）开始生效/实施to come/ go into force
提供各种便民服务to provide various facilities and services
活动站recreational center
有发言权to have a say
（工作、责任等）无法逃避的unshirkable
被写入to be written into
相互的reciprocal
微博的收入modest income
咨询辅导站advisory and coaching center
道德标准ethical code
春秋战国时期the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods
把——嵌/插/埋/放入to imbed / embed
谨慎对待to approach with prudence
调停，调解；做媒介，中人to mediate
当事人party
批准to mandate
义不容辞的duty-bound
和解reconciliation
感情完全破裂complete alienation of mutual affection
以——为特色feature
平等、和睦、文明的家庭关系family relations featuring equality, harmony and civility
提出（申请、议案等）；提起（诉讼等）to file
总的趋势the general tendency, the tendency
生活补贴extra allowance for living expenses
取其精华，弃其糟粕to discard the dross and select the essence
夫妻双方有实行计划生育的义务
Both husband and wife have the duty to practice family planning.
父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务
Parents have the duty to rear and educate their children who are minors, and children who come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents.
敬老、爱老、养老是中国的传统美德
It is a Chinese tradition to respect, love and support the elderly.
老有所养、老有所医、老有所为、老有所学、老有所乐
The elderly should be supported financially, enjoy medical care, contribute to the society, engage in lifelong learning and live happily.
养为结合，以为保养，发挥家庭和社会养老两个功能
Combining social support with self-support through work, reinforcing social support with self-support through work and mobilizing both the family and society to support / in supporting the elderly.
养儿防老raising sons to support one in one‟s old age
五保户a household enjoying the Five Guarantees(childless and infirm old persons who are guaranteed food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses by the collective) The “Five-Guarantees” households, i.e., the aged, the infirm, old widows and widowers and orphans, taken care of by the collective in five respects (food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses)
孤、寡the orphaned or widowed
老年人the elderly; senior citizen(s)
无依靠的老人aged people with no families
老弱病残the old, the young, the sick, and the handicapped。