Unit12SectionAGrammarFocus-4c

1．概念
过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生
或完成了的动作，它表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去。
2．结构
(1)肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他．
(2)否定句：主语＋had not＋过去分词＋其他．
(3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
过去完成时
3．用法归纳 (1)常与before，by，by the time，by the end of等引导的时间状语 (从句)连用。状语从句的谓语动词常用一般过去式。如： By the time/Before I came to this school，I had learned English.在来 这个学校之前，我已经在学英语了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状 态，与“for＋时间段”连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。如： He had been ill for a week when he told me.当他告诉我时，他已经 病了一周了。
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. _B_y_t_h_e__ti_m__e _I_g_o_t_t_o__sc_h_o_o_l_, _t_h_e_t_e_a_ch__er__ _h_a_d_c_o_l_le_c_t_e_d_t_h_e_m__a_t_h_h__o_m_e_w_o_r_k_._____
__h_a_d_s_t_a_r_t_ed_ (start) teaching. 3. We ___h_a_d__le_a_r_n__t _ (learn) over 1,000 words 4. bI y_h_tah__de_ec_nl_ed_a_on_fe_dla(sctletearnm) t.he room before he
(3)主句谓语动词为一般过去式(如said，asked，found，told， thought等)时，其后的宾语从句通常用过去完成时。如： Mr.Zhang said that he had lived in this city for ten years.张先生说他 已经在这个城市住了十年。 (4)在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生 的动作常用过去完成时。如： At that moment，I was replying to the e－mail that had arrived two days before.那时我正在回复两天前收到的电子邮件。
一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．By the time I reached home， my mother _h_a_d__c_o_o_k_ed___(cook) supper already. 2．The little girl _h_a_d__la_i_n___(lie) in bed for almost a month since she _f_e_l_l __(fall) sick.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he h_a_d__fo_r_g_o_t_te_n__ to add the green beans (n. 豆).
3. By the time my mother came back from the market (n. 市场), I _h_a_d_ already _r_u_s_h_e_d_o_u_t_ the door to go for my piano lesson.
past
Past Perfect Tense
Simple Past Tense
Action I Action II now
【实战演练】
用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. When I got there the bush_a_d__g_o_n_e__ (go). 2. By the time I got to class, the teacher
To set the scene, increase Ss’ vocabulary and introduce The target language
Grammar Focus
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home. By the time I got to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. When I got home,I realized I had left my keys in the backpack.
3. By dinner time, I______h_a_d_h_a_d__to_o__m_a_n_y__a_p_p_le_s_._______ I______h_a_d_e_a_t_e_n_p_l_e_n_ty__o_f_m_e_a_t_. _______ I______h_a_v_e_h_a_d__a_ll_t_h_e_h_o_u_s_e_w_o_r_k_f_i_n_is_h_ed.
get dressed穿衣服 get dressed相当于be dressed, dressed是过去分词。
dress后不能跟衣服类的词作宾语，若跟衣服，须用介 词in，即get/be dressed in＋衣服/颜色。如：
①Hurry up and get dressed.快点穿上衣服。 ②The bride was dressed in white. 新娘身穿白色礼服。
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms
of the words in the box.
rush out, forget, arrive at, go into, show up (赶到；露面), find out
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else _h_a_d__ already _sh_o_w__e_d_u_p__.
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday (n. 工作日) ended. _I_h_a_d__c_o_m_p_l_e_te_d__t_h_e_w__o_rk__f_o_r_m__y_b_o_s_s__ _b_e_fo_r_e__th_e__w_o_r_k_d_a_y__e_n_d_e_d_.___________
had(助动词)+p.p(过去分词)
by(到…为止) / by the end of + past time
by Past
Now
had(助动词)+p.p(过去分词)
We can use the Past perfect Tense to talk about an action(ActionI) that happened before another action(ActionII) in the past.
1. By the time I left for school in the morning, I_h_a_d__a_lr_e_a_d_y_h_a_d_b_r_e_a_k_f_as_t_. ____________ _I_h_a_d_a_l_r_ea_d_y__h_a_d_s_u_p_p_e_r.______________ _I_h_a_d_a_l_r_ea_d_y__h_a_d_m__y_h_a_i_r_c_u_t.__________
(5)在and或but连接的并列句中，如果前一个并列句为一般过 去时，且后一个并列句中的动作早于前一个并列句中的动作， 那么后一个并列句要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home，but his father had already passed away.汤姆 飞回了家，但是他的父亲已经过世了。
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema. _T_h_e_m__o_v_i_e_h_a_d__s_ta_r_t_e_d_, _b_e_fo_r_e__I_a_r_r_iv_e_d_ _a_t _th__e_c_in_e_m__a_.______________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie (n. 果馅派). I got home from my language course. B__y_t_h_e_t_im__e__I _g_o_t_h_o_m__e_f_r_o_m__m_y__l_a_n_g_u_a_ge c_o_u_r_s_e_, _m_y__m__o_th_e_r__h_a_d_f_i_n_is_h_e_d__m_a_k_i_n_g_ t_h_e_a_p__p_le__p_ie_._______________________
arrived here.
4a Make sentences using by the time or
before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up. By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream (n. 奶 油) in the coffee. _B_e_f_o_re__I_p_u_t_c_r_e_a_m__i_n_t_h_e__co_f_f_e_e_, _th_e____ _c_o_ff_e_e_h_a_d__b_e_c_o_m_e__c_o_ld_.______________
2. By the end of the school day, ______I__h_ad__f_in_i_s_h_ed__m_y__h_o_m__ew__o_r_k_. ____ ______I _h_a_v_e_g_o_t_a__p_re_s_e_n_t _f_ro_m__T_o_m__. ____ ______I _h_a_d_h_a_d__th_e_s_e_a_r_ti_c_le_s__re_a_d_.______
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he h_a_d_g_o_n_e__in_t_o__ the building.
4c Write two true statements and one false
statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
【辨析】get dressed与be dressed (in) (1)get dressed表示“穿”的动作。如： He's getting dressed.他正在穿衣服。 (2)be dressed (in)表示“穿”的状态。如： He's dressed in grey.他穿着灰he got to the airport, she __h_a_d__fo_u_n_d o_u_t_ about the earthquake.
5. When she _a_r_ri_v_e_d_a_t_ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.