虚拟语气语法讲解

虚拟语气语法讲解

篇一:高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

1. 语气的定义和种类（1）语气的定义

语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度. （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气

表示动作或状态是现实的.确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句.疑问句和某些感叹句.

We are not ready.

Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today! B. 祈使语气表使说话人的建议.请求.邀请.命令等. Be careful.

Don’t forget to close the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气

表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望.假设或推测等.

2. 虚拟语气

（1）辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us. If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time. （2）虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表（3）混合时间的虚拟语气

如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整.

1. If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.

2. If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.

3. If he had followed the tor’s advice, he would be all right now.

4. If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.

5. If he had listened to me, he ______ be in such trouble now. A. haven’

t C. had not 答案:5. B

（4）should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示〝过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做〞

needn’t have done 表示〝过去没必要作而实际上做了〞

1. Wang Fang _______ college last year. Unfortunately, he couldn’t take the e_aminations because of a sudden illness.

A. could go

B did go

D. must have gone

B. would not D. would haven’t

C. could have gone

2. The plant is dead. I _______ it more water. A. will give

B. would have gone

C. must give

D. should have gone

3. I could have done better if I ________ more time. A. have had C. had had

B. had

D. will have had

4. He ______ told you that. A. needs not have C. needn’t has

B. needn’t have D. will have had

5. You ________ it to your father. Why not? A. would tell

B. should tell D. should have told

C. would have told

6. Even if you had not been able to come last week, you ______ us know.

A. shall have let C. have had let 答案: 1—6 CDCBDD

（5）虚拟语气中的倒装句

如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should,有时可将if省去,而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后.

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party. Were I you, I

would do more practice after class. Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so. 1. _________ he would have succeeded in the e_amination. A. Had he worked hard B. If he worked hard C. If he works hard D. If he has worked hard

2. _______ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. A. Should

B. Be

C. Were

D. Will

B. had let D. should have let

3. _______, he would teach us how to solve the problem. A. Were he here

B. Was he here

C. If he is

D. Is he here

4. _________, we should be glad. A. Were they to arrive tomorrow B. They were to arrive tomorrow C. They would arrive tomorrow D. They arrive tomorrow

5. _______ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.

A .Were it not for C. If it were not 答案:

1—5 AAAAA

（6）wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气, 表示〝可惜…;….就好了; 悔不该…; 但愿….〞

1. I wish I knew the key to the answer.

2. I wish I were ten years younger.

3. I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.

4. I wish that you had been here yesterday.

5. He wishes that we would visit the old school.

B. If it had not been for D. Had it not been for

6. How I wish these boys would be quiet.

7. I wish I _______ you yesterday.

A. saw

B. did see