中考英语阅读首字母解题技巧讲解+练习(含答案)

中考英语阅读首字母解题技巧讲解
一、近年中考阅读首字母考查词性梳理
1、近年中考首字母填空考查词类梳理
二、首字母填空训练技巧讲解
阅读是英语中的一个难点，首字母完形填空又是阅读教学中最令人头痛的一环。

它不但考查学生对语篇的理解能力，而且考查学生理解语篇过程中的分析判断、句子成分与词性的对应关系、语法结构、词义辨析等全方位的综合能力。

只有具备了相当词汇量、扎实的语法知识、充分的扩散性思维和严密的逻辑推理能力的学生，才能很好地完成语篇，使文章通顺畅达，恢复原样。

“台阶式”训练法也许是在较短时间里提高缺词填空能力的途径之一。

台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。

通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。

词性正确是答案正确的前提。

(1) 对主语的判断
【典型例题】
1. _____________ are helpful to students. ( teach )
2. _____________ is more important to me than money. ( healthy )
3. Some famous ______________ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science)
4. _____________ is my favourite sport. ( fish )
5. _____________ stamps is my hobby. ( collect )
【参考答案】1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting
【测量目标】考查学生把句子成分和词性对应的能力
【难度等级】基础
【思路解析】以上练习中，填入词均为句子的主语。

主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名
词与代词（1-3题）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或doing（4、5）。

此外，形容词前加the，带连词的句子也可作主语。

(2) 对谓语的判断
【典型例题】
John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c____________ over to him. “My boy,” she a__________, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a___________ John. The woman began r___________ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t___________ back to John and s____________ angrily, “Didn’t you s___________ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_____________ my house.”
【参考答案】came asked answered ringing turned said say isn’t
【测量目标】考查学生利用首字母提示完成完成语篇的能力
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】语篇中的所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词。

谓语是句子所表示的动作，词
性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。

当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判
断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。

多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。

(3) 对宾语的判断
【典型例题】
1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast ____________ in Shanghai after his long absence from
the city. ( develop )
2. The front is in great need of medical ____________ .( work )
3. Thank you for your _____________. ( kind )
4. At last he sold his _____________. ( invent )
【参考答案】1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention
【测量目标】考查学生把句子成分和词性对应的能力
【难度等级】基础
【思路解析】宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。

宾语的词性同主语的词
性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。

(4) 对表语的判断
【典型例题】
1. It is _______________ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)
2. The sick man is getting _______________. ( ill )
3. Patrick is going to be a(n) _______________ when he grows up. (engine)
4. Such cold weather is quite _______________ in June and people have to wear warm clothes
again.（usually）
5. It’s a _______________ to have a picnic with all the members.（please）
【参考答案】1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure
【测量目标】考查学生把句子成分和词性对应的能力
【难度等级】基础
【思路解析】表语是连系动词后接的成分。

词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。

动词必须改成 to do,doing 或 done 的形式。

(5) 对定语的判断
【典型例题】
1. The ______________ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally)
2. On a _______________ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly)
3. In ______________ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze )
4. The French artist said, “ it is my ______________ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so
much. ( one )
5. Most people don’t like ______________ food. ( freeze )
6. Who is your ______________ teacher? ( chemical )
【参考答案】(1) final (2) clear (3) freezing (4) first (5) frozen (6) chemistry
【测量目标】考查学生把句子成分和词性对应的能力
【难度等级】基础
【思路解析】定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。

词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。

名
词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。

如：stamp show / physics teacher。

动词必须变形为：to do, doing 或done 的形式。

(6) 对状语的判断
【典型例题】
1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so
_____________. (easy)
2. Watch ______________ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care )
3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _____________ at last.
( safe )
【参考答案】(1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely
【测量目标】考查学生把句子成分和词性对应的能力
【难度等级】基础
【思路解析】状语：说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件，伴随
情况的成分。

词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语，动词必须变形为to do, doing 或done。

(7) 对连词的判断
在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor, as well as, both… and 连接并列的词, 词组和句子; 从属连词连接主句与从句。

台阶二：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做做综合的“用所给单词
的正确形式填空”，提高对句子成分的判断能力。

熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母
完形的第二步。

台阶三：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。

【典型例题】 Guess the missing word.
1. _____________ are helpful to students.
2. _____________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge.
3. _____________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they
care for them like parents.
4. _____________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy.
【思路解析】按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案，1---4均为Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers。

按判断主语的结论，凡名词，只要合乎逻辑，都可
作为第一题的答案，你会发现Books也可，继而得出结论：“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案，Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents…”。

第二题受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些：Teachers、Books，第三题限制更多，从“care for”判断主语只能是人，Teachers。

第四题受healthy的限制，最好填Doctors / Nurses。

以上练习说明解完形填空需要如下技能：
1、对所缺词的句子成分必须作出精确判断，然后填入正确的词性，即必须熟练掌握句子
成分与词性的对应关系。

2、必须训练自己扩散性思维能力，如同猜谜，因为词义的确定依靠着对句中限制性信息
的判断得出。

3、良好的语法基本功。

在确定完词性与词义后，单复数、时态的确定建立在良好的语法
基本功之上。

台阶四：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段
Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l____________ the school soon. The s____________ in his class have given h___________ a lot of p___________. Among t____________ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m__________ by the students themselves.
Photos will h____________ Mr. Wu remember the happy t___________ when he was with his students. Next week, t____________ will have a p___________ to s ___________ goodbye to him.
【参考答案】详见解析部分
【测量目标】考查学生利用首字母提示完成完成语篇的能力
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】通读短文以后发现Mr. Wu 是一位老师.。

从old 可推断他不久要退休了, 所以“ l____” 应为谓语动词 leaving ;
“s____” 是第三句的主语, 结合 have 判断为 students;
“ h____’’ 是give 的宾语, 判断为him ;
“ p_____” 的内容是 cards, note-books… , 所以判断为名词presents;
“ t_____” 是介词among 的宾语, 应为them ;
“ m____” 处于be done by 的结构中, 应为过去分词made;
“h_____” 位于情态动词will 之后, 应为动词原形help;
“t_____” 是remember 的宾语, 并且受到happy 的修饰应为 time;
“t_____” 是主语, 名词或代词 teachers / they;
“p____” 是have的宾语, 前面有冠词, 所以是名词party;
“s_____” 前有 to, 分析成分为目的状语 to do 即 to say。

台阶五：熟能生巧阶段。

要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。

自己动手试试下面的练习：
The universe is everything out in space. (1 ) knows how big the universe is.
When we talk (2 ) the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars. Now let me tell you something about our earth. The earth is a huge ball. It turns round and round in space. (3 ) surface is covered by water and land. If you are in a space plane and look ( 4 ) at the earth from up in space, you will see lots of clouds over the surface of the earth. Through the clouds you will see the blue color of the oceans and seas. Almost two-thirds of the earth is covered with water.
We live on the outside (5) of the earth. Around and above us is the air. The earth takes twenty-four hours to turn all the way round----- that is one day and one night. When your country is facing the sun, it is daytime for you. But as the earth turns you away from the sun, everything around you grows ( 6 ) .
【Keys】 (1) Nobody (2) about (3) Its (4) down (5) part (6) dark
三、经典透视
【经典例文】首字母完形填空题
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：（14分）
Some people might choose to live in a sleepy village beside woods and lakes, but others enjoy the bright lights and fast pace of the big city. Stephen and Marianna have got different stories.
Hi! My name is Stephen and I live in a small flat in London. I chose to live here because there
is never a b 97 moment in a city like London. I'm an art student and the busy life in a city does good to my painting. In addition, I can get everything I need so close at hand, living beside the underground station means I don't need a car to get around. It s 98 me money. Also there are malls cinemas libraries and museums everywhere．
Of course, London like any large city, has p 99 ,too. Londoners don't chat on the underground or bus and there is much less community spirit than in the country, where my parents lives. In fact, they don't understand how I can put up with the noise and pollution, and traffic jams. However, I see that as a small price to p 100 . As a famous saying goes, “he who is tired of London is tired of life."
Hello! My name is Marianna and I live in Australia, on a huge ranch. It's a beautiful area with wonderful scenery. I live with my husband Joe and our t 101 children, Patrick, 11, and Abby,8. We have lived on this ranch for several years and we love our healthy lifestyle. The children have lots of s 102 to run around and enjoy the peace and quiet. The air is clean and fresh. We produce a lot of our own food which is nice and healthy. There's lots of hard work to do running a ranch, but we don't mind.
Of course, country life also has weak points. We feel isolated sometimes, too, especially since the n 103 neighbors are almost 100 km away. One more trouble is that we can't get many things as easily as we do in the city. There are no schools, supermarkets or shops, and if we are ill we have to call the flying doctor. Although life here can be difficult, we wouldn't change it for the world.
【参考答案】boring saves nearest pay two space problems
【测量目标】对考生阅读理解、词性转化、单词拼写等综合能力运用的考查
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】本文通过Stephen和Marianna的讲述，分别介绍了两人对城市生活和乡村生
活的不同观点。

97．boring
根据moment可以判断此处应填以b开头的形容词。

而且完形填空需要考生通篇理解，不能断章取义，本篇最后的格言He who is tired of London is tired of life给了我们提示，boring是最佳单词，若填bored，就是没有考虑到bored与boring的区别。

98．saves
这题比较简单，“节约钱”是save money。

请注意主语是It．谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。

99．problems
本篇文章第一段讲述了住在伦敦城市的优势，第二段则提到了城市的一些问题，如噪音、污染等。

此处空格中是名词，根据上下文，得出结论是problems。

（注意has后面没有冠词a，problem是可数名词，因此必须使用复数形式。

）
100．pay
此处不定式作后置定语，与price搭配的动词是pay。

101．two
文中提到了Patrick和Abby，是两个孩子。

102. space
本篇讲述的背景在乡村，而run around也暗示孩子们拥有很多的空间。

此空格较难，基础薄弱的考生因不知道这个单词而无从下手。

103． nearest
这题也是比较难的。

很多考生能判断这儿应填形容词，马上填写near或nearby，没有仔细理解原文。

文中提到乡村生活有时让人感到孤独，为什么孤独呢？原来居住者相隔甚远，来往不方便，离得最近的邻居也在100公里之外，由此判断用形容词的最高级。

【答题关键】
(1) 通读全文了解大意。

(2) 根据上下文，判断所填词的词性、意思和用法并正确填写。

(3) 填完了所有空格后，考生再次认真阅读全文，进行最后的校对，看看意思是否前后一致并符合逻辑，单词拼写是否有笔误。

最好的校对方法是：不看前面刚做完的答案，看着文章重做一遍，做完以后再把第二次做的答案和第一次做的答案核对一下，如发现有不同的答案，就一定要仔细地把上下文再反复地看两遍，一定要等找到充分的依据后，才能把做错的改掉。

四、巩固训练
Passage 1
The stars we see at night are really huge suns like our sun, but they are much f___1___ away in space. Some of them have planets like our earth traveling round them.
The stars are so hot that they give off great light and h___2___-more than the hottest, brightest fire you can imagine. As we all know, light travels at 300,000kilometers per second. But the stars are so faraway that their light s___3___ take years to reach us. The light we see coming from some far-off stars stared more than a hundred years ago.
The moon is a ball of cold rock. It is smaller than the earth. It circles round the earth as the earth circles round the sun. The whole j___4____if the moon round the earth takes twenty-eight days. We see it c____5___ from new moon to h___6___ to full and back to new moon every twenty-eight days. Our word “m___7___” comes from the word “moon”.
【参考答案】1. farther 2.heat 3. still 4. journey 5. change 6. half 7. month
Passage 2
Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore, in the places where traffic is very h___1___ and crossing the road is not safe.
These bridges can help people cross roads s ___2___. Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings.
They are more efficient，t ___3___ less convenient because people have to climb up a lot of steps. This is inconvenient to the old. When people u ___4___ an overhead bridge, they do not hold up（阻挡）traffic. But when they cross a busy road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is w ___5___ the government has built many overhead bridges to help people and k ___6___ traffic moving at the same time.
The government of Singapore has s ___7___ a lot of money building these bridges. For their own safety, people should be advised to use them instead of rushing across the road. Old people may find it a little d ___8___ climbing up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road w ___9___ all the moving traffic.
Overhead bridges are very useful. People, both old and young, should always use them. This will stop accidents from h __10___ .
【参考答案】
1．heavy
2．safely（作状语应用副词形式）
3．though（此处表让步关系，意为“虽然”）
4．use
5．why（此处表达“这就是……的原因）
6．keep
7．spent（spend time ／money in ／on doing sth．意为“花时间／金钱做某事”，其中in常省略）
8．difficult
9．with
10．happening（stop．．．from doing）意为“阻止／防止……去做某事”）
Passage 3
Every day standing at my information desk, I have to answer l _1 _ of questions of the travellers coming from all o 2_________ the world. People may a 3 _ the strangest things sometimes. I’m often surprised at the different questions that people ask.
My job is o _4 _ to give information about bus and underground railway routes(路线) in the city. Of course, travellers always have questions a _5 the best ways to get to some interesting places. But quite often people are interested to know about museums, hospitals or schools. Once a man w 6 me to take care of his dog and a 7 time a woman asked me to watch her seven children!
I love my job t 8 I am always busy.
【参考答案与解析】
1【填lots】分析：修饰可数名词复数，根据搭配填空, 应用lots。

2【填over】分析：固定词组all over the world，“遍及全世界”。

3【填ask】分析：依据下文推知应填ask。

4【填only】分析：根据句意可知作者的工作只是提供公交与地铁的信息。

所以应填only。

5【填about】分析：表示“关于......的”介词是about。

6【填wanted】分析：根据句意推知应为“想要某人做某事”，这里以w开头，所以填wanted，因为叙述的事是过去发生的，故用一般过去时。

7【填another】分析：表达“一次…另一次……”是once...another time.
8【填though】分析：根据句意可知整句话有前后转折的意味，所以填连词though。

Passage 4
I was in New York and rode with a friend in a taxi. When we got out, my friend said to the driver, “Thank you. You did a good job of driving.”
The driver was surprised for a second.
“I admire the way you keep cool in h 1 traffic,” my friend said. “Thank you,” the driver said and drove off.
“What was that all about?” I asked.
“I am trying to bring l 2 back to New York,” he said.“I believe it can save the city.”
“How can one man save New York?”
“It’s not one man. S 3 the driver has 20 passengers. He’s going to be nice to those 20 people because someone was nice to him. Those people in turn will be kinder to their employees (雇员), or shopkeepers, or waiters, or their own families. At last the goodwill could s 4 to at least 1,000 people. If I can make three people happy, then finally I can change the attitudes (态度) of 3,000 people.”
“It sounds good,” I said, “but I’m not sure whether it would work in practice.”
“Nothing is lost if it doesn’t. It didn’t take a 5 of my time or money to tell that man he was doing a good job. I have made a study of this. The thing that seems to be lacking (缺乏) for the postal employees is that no one tells the people who work for the post office what a good job they’re doing,” he said.
“B 6 they’re not doing a good job,” I said.
“They’re not doing a good job because they feel n obody cares whether they do a good job or not. Why not say a kind word to them? When those people hear my words, they will feel better. The city will benefit from their h 7 . If more people join me, the city will become a better place,” he said.
【参考答案】1. heavy 2. love 3. Suppose 4. spread 5. any 6. But 7. happiness
Passage 5
Shanghaihua (上海话)：use it or lose it
There are about 6.000 languages in the world and some experts say that as many as half of these languages will disappear in the next one hundred years. Will Shanghaihua be one of t (1) ? It’s a question that more people are asking.
In China, Putonghua is the official language. That m (2) it’s the language of government, business and the media（媒体）. And it’s also the language that is used in schools.
Shanghai is a special city. It is modern, fashionable and sophisticated (老练的). And Shanghaihua shows that by being modern, fashionable and sophisticated.“I love riding on the b (3) and listening to people speaking Shanghaihua.” Miss Evans, an American reporter said. “ I don’t understand a word they are saying but I like the sound of the language. It sounds smoother than Putonghua. And Shanghainese like things “renao”（热闹）so even a discussion about the weather can sound like an argument or a party. My bus rides are a (4) interesting.”
Young people still speak Shanghaihua but not as well as their parents and grandparents. They are under more and more pressure（压力）to speak Putonghua. So the language is being used l (5) often in everyday life. Some people want to keep the language from disappearing completely by building museums and having cultural festivals to save it. But a language isn’t a painting or a book. It’s a living thing and you e (6) use it or lose it.
If people stop using it in their d (7) lives, a museum or a festival will not help. It will be lost forever , like the Yangtze River dolphin.
【参考答案】1.them 2. means 3. bus 4. always 5. less 6. either 7. daily
Passage 6
Two American scientists told the people in industrial nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of foods eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.
The scientists say that the human body has changed very l 1 since human first appeared on earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of d 2 . These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. So they are called “diseases of civilization（文明）”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes（中风）are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noted that early stone-age people used very little alcohol（酒精）or tobacco (烟草), probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical e 3 , but a change in food is one of the main differences b 4 life in ancient times and life today. Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than farm animals. They also ate a lot of fresh vegetables and fruits. They did not use m 5 and other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a lot of dairy products and grain foods. We eat six times more salt than stone-age people. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but much l 6 vitamin C.
People today probably do not w 7 to live as people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate as those ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods.
【参考答案】1. little 2. diseases 3. exercise 4. between 5. milk 6. less 7. want 8. hardly
9. whether
Passage 7
One day last June I was walking along the beach of a small seaside town where I live. I was looking at the ships in the harbour. Though the weather was sunny, it was a very cold day, and I could h 1 feel the sunshine on the beach. I planned to have a swim when I left home, but now I changed my mind. Just when I was hesitating w 2 I should go back home, I came to a shelter made of glass. I decided to sit for a while. When I entered, I found that I was so w 3 to have made such a decision. The shelter protected me from the cold wind and I could enjoy the sunshine. But soon after I sat down, a large friendly dog suddenly appeared and lay down at my feet. No matter how hard I tried to get rid of him, he r 4 to leave. It seemed that he had decided to go home with me. He was wearing a collar (颈圈)but there was no name or a _ 5 on it. Finally I had to ring the local police station and explained what had happened. I promised to keep the dog until they found the owner.
Several days later a lady appeared at my house to say the dog was h 6 . She said he jumped on a bus and rode away while she was talking to a friend at the bus stop. He sat and listened quietly. When she finished and called him in a soft voice, he got up and f 7 her away happily. I was quite upset to have to give back such a friendly animal.
【参考答案】 1. hardly 2. whether 3. wise 4. refused 5. address 6. hers 7. followed
11。