2020北师大版高中英语高考一轮复习第1部分 选修8 Unit 24 Society

Unit 24Society
[单词拼写应用]
核心单词
1．sentence n．&v t.判决；判刑
2．resign v t.&v i.辞职
3．undertake v t.着手做，从事；答应；承诺
4．virtue n．优点，长处
5．rot v t.&v i.腐烂
6．cast v t.&v i.投下
7．consequently ad v.所以，因此
8．burden n．重担，负担
[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He resigned (resign) as manager after eight years.
2．They flew over the beach, casting(cast) a huge shadow.
3．When I undertook(undertake) to mend his watch for him, I didn't bargain for all this trouble.
4．The man was sentenced(sentence) to death two years ago.
5．He is poisoned by eating rotten(rot) meat.
6．All the candidates have their virtues(virtue) and vices.
拓展单词
1．volunteer v．自愿做→volunteer n．志愿者→voluntary adj.自愿的2．abundant adj.大量的→abundance n．大量
3．sign v．签名；打手势n．招牌；迹象；符号→signature n．签名
4．govern v t.统治，管理→governor n．统治者，总督→government n．政府5．adjust v t.调整，调节；使适应→adjustment n．调整，调节
6．diverse adj.各种各样的→diversity n．多样性；差异
7．mercy n．宽容，仁慈→merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的
8．edit v t.编辑；校订→editor n．编辑；编者，校订者→edition n．版本9．elect v t.选举，推选→election n．选举
10．thirst n．口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的
11．contain v t.包含；装有→container n．容器
[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It doesn't have to be a large container to contain these fruits.(contain)
2．I am thirsty for them, and my thirst is overwhelming.(thirst)
3．The merciful merchant showed mercy to the poor father.(mercy)
4．The diversity of regions includes the diverse ways of historical
development.(diverse)
5．Zhejiang has a long history and a brilliant culture behind, coupled with abundant natural sceneries and historical sites, contributing to the abundance of tourist resources.(abundant)
6．Thanks, will you please fill in the registration form and sign your signature here? (sign)
7．If you move to a new city，you'd better adjust yourself to it.Sometimes，it is hard to make some adjustments．(adjust)
8．In the latest election，Mary was elected chair woman of the Student Union.(elect) 9．She used to edit newspapers，and now she is the editor of a dictionary which is now in its sixth edition．(edit)
阅读词汇
1．inequality n．不平等
2．graph n．图表
3．deposit v t.存储，储蓄
4．currency n．货币
5．vacant adj.未住人的，空置的
6．pension n．退休金，养老金7．leisure n．闲暇，空闲8．framework n．构架，结构
9．feast n．盛宴，宴会
10．fragrant adj.有香味的
11．spoonful n．一匙之量
12．penalty n．刑罚，惩罚
13．fine n．罚款
14．moreover ad v.再者，此外15．merchant n．商人
拓展联想1．由“shrink”想到的动词
①extend 延伸；伸出
②increase增加
③enlarge扩大；放大
④expand 扩大；膨胀
⑤decrease 减少
⑥reduce减少
2.“再者”过渡词荟萃
①moreover 再者，此外
②furthermore 此外，而且
③besides 况且，再说
④in addition 此外
⑤what's more更有甚者
3.“virtue”相关词汇小结
①optimism 乐观
②modesty 谦虚
③bravery 勇敢
④justice正义
⑤diligence 勤勉
⑥generosity 慷慨
[短语多维应用]
高频短语
1．come into being形成，存在
2．show off炫耀，夸耀
3．do away with废除；摆脱，消灭
4．knock into sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到
5．contribute to促进；有助于
6．play an important role in 在……中起重要作用
7．take...into account考虑；注意，体谅
8．to start with首先
[语境运用]选用左边短语的适当形式填空
My father used to ask my younger sister to ①show off her singing and dancing in front of his friends and relatives.But in my view, he didn't ②take my sister's feelings into account, because I found sometimes she did it unwillingly.So I advised that my father should ③do away with this behavior.As we all know, parents' respect ④plays an important role in the children's growth, which ⑤contributes to their healthy psychology.
9.above all最重要的是；首先
10．be well/better off过得好/更好
11．break into闯入；突然开始
12．wind sb.up故意惹恼某人
13．on principle 根据原则
14．keep an eye on注意，留意
15. take...seriously 认真对待……
16．sentence sb.to death 判某人死刑
[语境运用]选用左边短语的适当形式填空
After giving birth to a second baby, my friend told me that her life ⑥was not better off．Her daughter often ⑦broke into her younger brother's bedroom and hit him.It
was obvious that she ⑧winded him up, which made her angry.But I think ⑨on principle, it was she that should be responsible for this.So I advised her to ⑩take it seriously and ⑪keep an eye on her daughter in daily life.
拓展联想
1．“do”短语荟萃
①do away with废除；摆脱
②do harm to对……有害
③do one's best尽力
④do one's duty 尽职责
⑤do up重新装修
⑥do without不用
2.“on＋n.”短语大全
①on principle根据原则
②on average平均
③on purpose故意地
④on show/exhibition 在展出
⑤on sale出售
⑥on business出差
3.“eye”短语聚焦
①keep an eye on注意，留意
②have a good eye for 对……有鉴赏眼光
③look sb.in the eye直视某人
④catch one's eyes 引起某人的注意
[句式结构仿写]
精讲8个考纲词汇
1．burden n．负担，重担vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)
(1)单句语法填空
①I don't want to burden you with my problems.
②The burden on his back seemed to be crushing him to the earth.
③Too much praise is a burden to a child.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to assist you.
(高级表达)Burdened with endless paperwork, he didn't have time to assist you.(过去分词作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1)the burden of sth.……的负担
a burden on/to sb.某人身上的重担
bear/carry/shoulder a heavy burden负有/负起/肩负重担
(2)burden sb.with sth.使某人担负某事
be burdened with...负重；为……所累
2.undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应
(1)单句语法填空
①He undertook to finish(finish) the job by Friday.
②I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.
③I'll undertake for your security.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)She undertook to finish the job by Friday last night.
(高级表达)She undertook that she would finish the job by Friday last night.
先理解再牢记
undertake sth.承接/承担/承办某事
undertake to do sth.承诺/答应做某事
undertake that...保证……
undertake for...为……负责
3.abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的
(1)单句语法填空
①There was an abundance(abundant) of corn last year.
②Wild flowers grow in abundance on the hillsides.
③South Africa is a developing country which is abundant in natural resources.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
这个国家有很多熟练工人，但工作职位不够。

The country has an abundance of skilled workers, but not enough jobs.
先理解再牢记
(1)be abundant in＝be rich in富于……，……很丰富
(2)abundance n．丰富
an abundance of丰富的……
in abundance大量地，丰富，富裕
4．resign vt.&vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从
(1)单句语法填空
①She resigned from her job for personal reasons.
②You must resign yourselves to waiting(wait) a bit longer.
③It is reported that more and more parents resign their children to their grandparents at hometown.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
他仍在董事会，但几个月前他辞去了董事长职务。

He is still on the board, but he resigned as chairman some months ago.(resign as)
先理解再牢记
resign one's job/post/position辞去工作/职位
resign from辞职
resign oneself to (doing) sth.顺从……；使自己安于(做)某事
resign as...辞去当……的职务
resign...to...把……托付给……
5.elect vt.选举，推选；选择
(1)单句语法填空
①Six theatre companies have been elected to take(take) part in this year's festival.
②Roosevelt was elected four times as president of the US.
③The final election(elect) results will be announced on Friday.
(2)单句改错
He was elected the chairman of the education committee.去掉第一个the
先理解再牢记
(1)elect sb.to...选举某人进入……
elect sb.as/to be...选举某人为……
elect to do sth.选择做某事
(2)election n．选举；推举；当选
run for an election参加竞选
[名师点津]elect后面跟表示职位的词作宾语补足语时前面不用冠词，如：chairman，monitor，president等等。

6．sentence n．& vt.判决；宣判；判刑
(1)单句语法填空
①Wang Lijun was sentenced to 15 years in prison.
②The prisoner has served a sentence and will be released tomorrow.
③They were sentenced for their part in April's coup attempt.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
因他是初次犯罪，法官对他予以轻判。

The judge passed a light sentence on him because it was his first offence.
先理解再牢记
(1)serve a sentence服刑
pass/give sentence on sb.给某人判刑
(2)sentence sb.to...给某人判……刑(常用被动语态)
be sentenced to death/three years in prison被判死刑/三年徒刑
7.cast vt.投下；投以(笑容，视线)；投射(光、影子)；扔；抛；投票
(1)单句语法填空
①Her father's illness cast a shadow over the wedding celebrations.
②She cast a glance in the mirror and went out, shutting the door behind her.
③He was cast down by the sad news.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
他的所作所为使人们对他的诚实产生了怀疑。

What he had done cast doubt on his honesty．
先理解再牢记
cast a shadow/cloud over/on sth.给……投下一层阴影
cast doubt on sth.使怀疑某事，使不确信某事
cast a look/glance at sb./sth.向……看一眼
cast down 使沮丧，使失望
8.thirst n．渴，口渴；渴望
(1)单句语法填空
Drink whenever you feel thirsty(thirst) during exercise.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
虽然他不富裕，但他非常渴求电脑知识。

①Though he is not rich, he is thirsty for the computer technology.
②Though he is not rich, he is dying for the computer technology.
③Though he is not rich, he longs for the computer technology.
④Though he is not rich, he is eager for the computer technology.
先理解再牢记
(1)satisfy/relieve one's thirst解渴，止渴
die of thirst死于干渴
a thirst for knowledge如饥似渴的求知欲
thirst for sth.渴望/渴求某物
(2)thirsty adj.渴的
be thirsty for sth.渴望/渴求某物
[佳句背诵]They have a real thirst for knowledge, and an incredibly humble, yet can-do approach to challenges.
诠释4个核心短语
1．show off 炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示
(1)单句语法填空
①Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.
②She showed me around her factory and introduced me to everybody.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
你昨天为什么没有参加会议？
Why didn't you show up at the meeting yesterday？
先理解再牢记
on show 公开展出
show sb.in 带某人进来
show sb.around sp.带某人参观某个地方
show up 到达；显现出来；使别人难堪
show sb.out 带某人出去
show sth.to sb.向某人展示某物
e into being 形成，存在
(1)单句语法填空
①When did the term of “new­new people”come into existence(exist)?
②The new tax regulations came into effect/force last month.
③The Kingdom of Italy formally came into being(be) on 17 March 1861．
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
当敌人进入我们的视野再开枪。

Don't fire until the enemy come into our sight．
先理解再牢记
come into existence开始存在，建立，产生
come into effect/force生效
come into use开始被使用
come into power掌权
come into sight/view看见；进入视野
come into fashion开始流行
[佳句背诵]Short hair and short skirts came into fashion at about the same time.
3.keep an eye on 照看；密切注视
(1)单句语法填空
①Will you keep an eye on my child for a while?
②Food production is not keeping up with population.
③We had no way to keep him from getting(get) involved in the matter.
(2)单句改错
I keep in the touch with them from time to time by the phone.去掉第一个the
先理解再牢记
keep away (from)不使接近，不接近
keep back阻止，抵制；扣下；隐瞒
keep out使不入内
keep up保持，继续，持续
keep up with...不落后，赶上
keep sb.from doing sth.不让某人做……
keep in touch with与……保持联系
4．knock into 撞上某人
(1)单句语法填空
①The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.
②He has now knocked out most of the other competitors.
③He was knocked over by a bus and broke his leg.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
我们想去北京，在那儿待几天到处逛逛。

We just want to go to Beijing, and knock about for a few days．
先理解再牢记
knock about/around闲逛，漫游
knock down/over撞倒；打倒；拆除
knock at (on) 敲(门、窗、墙等)
knock out撞出；敲击
knock against撞到……上
knock off减价；中断，停止
突破2个高考句型
1．(教材P34)Not increased happiness, but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.
(结果)不是更快乐了，而是压力(增加了)，独处和享受与朋友、家人共处的自由支配时间更少了。

[句型公式]not...but...“不是……而是……”，表示取舍关系，常连接主语、表语和宾语。

(1)单句语法填空
①Not you but your father is(be) to blame.
②They own not one but three houses.
(2)单句改错
Not only cancer, but also heart and lung disease is influenced by smoking.is→are
先理解再牢记
(1)not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，表示递进关系，常连接两个并列的主语、谓语、状语和并列句。

(2)若not...but...与not only...but also...连接两个主语，谓语动词应与就近的名词、代词保持人称、数的一致。

2.(教材P36)What if some married people have affairs?
要是一些已婚的人有了婚外情怎么办？
[句型公式]What if...？表示“如果……怎么办？”。

(1)单句语法填空
①What if it rains tomorrow? Will we still have the practice?
②Since she spent five years in Paris, how come her French is so bad?
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
——他比你小15岁！
——那又怎么样？
—He is fifteen years younger than you!
—So what？
先理解再牢记
(1)how come意为“……是怎么回事？”，可以单独出现在对话中，也可以在how come后接语序完整的陈述句。

(2)So what？“那又怎么样？”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was sentenced to three years in prison because of family violence.
2．We would rather our daughter stayed(stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.
3．Could you do me a favour and keep an eye on my luggage?
4．Since everything develops，we have to make an adjustment(adjust) to the changing situation.
5．What if we move the couch over there? Don't you think the room will look larger?
6．He spoke so clearly as to make himself understood(understand)．
7．He likes to show off how well he speaks French everywhere.
8．She broke in with some ideas of her own.
9．It's high time that we got/should get(get) down to work.
10．She got off the bus, burdened(burden) with two heavy suitcases.
11．He knocked his opponent down/over three times in the first round.
12．He has resigned from three of the many companies he held.
13．He undertook to finish(finish) the difficult job by Friday.
14．Don't let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment, try again.
15．Increasing numbers of people elect to work(work) from home nowadays.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Burdened such a big family, he had to work hard all day long.Burdened后加with
2．With her elected the committee, we are more confident.elected后加to
3．I don't know when the Roman Empire came to being.to→into
4．We were shown on the Bird's Nest by an elderly guide.on→around
5．New technologies have made this possible to turn out new products faster at a lower cost.this→it
6．He failed all his attempts and now he has to resign his fate.resign后加to
7．With her elected the committee，we are more confident.the前加to
8．We had to break in the house because we had lost the key.in→into
9．Jack has just bought another new car；he must be very good off. good→well 10．I'd rather we have a rest now.have→had
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P34课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Spend，Spend，Spend
Many of us in developed societies are trapped 1．in a spending circle.We work hard so that we can earn more money.Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change our money into different countries' currencies in the hope of 2.making(make) even more money.But 3.strangely(strange) enough, the more money we earn，the less often we see it.Besides，we're all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those who govern us.Thus, the circle goes round and round and gets more and more complicated.
In this spending circle, on the one hand, we accumulate 4．possessions(possess) but never feel like we have enough.On the other hand, we work towards the ownership of bigger and 5.better(good) houses and cars and never have time to enjoy them.Instead, they feel like a burden 6．because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for 7.them．
Surely we're still better off than those who wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings, but there is a growing resistance to this consumer society which is 8.especially(especial) affecting the youth of today with their computers, i­pods, designer clothes and mobile phones.
As a society, it's high time that we 9.took(take) these issues more seriously.We should remember that “being” and “10.doing(do)”are much more important than “having”．
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．前几年我承担了一项任务，去采访一名罪犯。

(undertake)
2．他因闯入一家超市盗取大量的珠宝而被判处三年监禁。

(break into, abundant, be sentenced to)
3．他告诉我他曾经是一个好孩子，当选过班上的班长。

(elect)
4．后来因为常去一家不良网吧，就变坏了。

政府是时候取缔这样的网吧了。

(It's high time that...)
第一步练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

第二步练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

The other day I undertake a task to interview a criminal.He was sentenced about three years in prison because of breaking into a supermarket to steal abundant jewellery.He told me he used to being a good boy and was elected the monitor in his class.But later because he often went to a bad cybercafé，he became bad.It is high time that the government ban such cybercafés.
【答案】
The other day I undertake
undertook a task to interview a criminal.He was sentenced
about
to three years in prison because of breaking into a supermarket to steal abundant
jewellery.He told me he used to being
be a good boy and was elected
the monitor in
his class.But later because he often went to a bad cybercafé，he became bad.It is
high time that the government
ban
banned such cybercafés.。