12.被动语态的译法

（一） 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
6. 使用“（遭）受”字样 The American scholars were given a hearty welcome in Tsinghua University. 这些美国学者在清华大学受到热烈欢迎。 She was not affected by the noise outside and was absorbed in reading her novel. 她不受外面嘈杂声的影响，完全沉浸在她的小说中。 Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over world. 我们的外交政策受到全世界人民的支持。
（一） 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
2. 在谓语前面省略“被”字 在行为主体没有出现的汉语被动句中，当其被动意义非常明 显时，汉语习惯上不使用“被”字。 This kind of instrument must be handled with great care. 这种仪器操作要非常小心。 All these factors ought to be taken into consideration. 所有这些因素都应当考虑。 So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 到目前为止还没有得出结论。 In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things. 从这一点上来说，坏事也可以变成好事。
有了钱，就会以钱谋权。
（三） 把被动语态译成汉语无主句 If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.
如果把水加热，水分子就运动得更快。
Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.
（一） 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
4. 使用“是……的”、“为……所”句型 “是……的”、“为……所”这些句子着重说明一件事情是 怎样做或什么时候、什么地点做的等等。例如： Poets are born, but orators are made. 诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。 As soon as all the facts have been found out, we can begin to formulate a theory. 一旦所有的事实为人们所发现，理论即可形成。 Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down. 沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。（喻“不身体力行不足以成事”） In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career. 在他三十多岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所毁。
被动语态被动语态讲解被动语态练习题初中被动语态被动语态练习被动语态专项练习成
Translation Techniques
被动语态的译法
----英汉翻译技巧之七
the change of the voices（语态变换法）
Among the translation techniques, there exist one called “the change of the voices”. Actually, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese. In fact, a translator tries to render the passive sentences into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse. This is a problem which is worth our attention.
（三） 把被动语态译成汉语无主句 This kind of unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.
必须立即终止这种令人讨厌的噪音。
A pistol had been found close to the murdered old man. 在被害老人的旁边发现了一把手枪。
（一） 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
5. 使用“加以”、“予以”字样 表达被动含义。 The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles. 运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。 The details of the facade will be further fitted up to match the interior. 铺面将进一步加以装修，使之与室内装饰浑然一体。 The proposal will be examined by a special committee. 这项提议将由一个特别委员会加以审查。 The man-made satellite must be carefully inspected before launching. 人造卫星在发射前必须仔细的予以检查。
（二） 把被动语态译成汉语主动句
1. 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
The whole country was armed against foreign invaders in a few days. 几天之内，整个国家就武装起来了，准备抵抗外来侵略者。 On our domestic stations, events in Syria were dismissed briefly. 在我们国内电台的广播中，叙利亚的事件只轻描淡写的报道了 一下。 Water can be changed form a liquid into a gas. 水能从液体变为气体。 His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
（二） 把被动语态译成汉语主动句
3. 原文中的动作发出者在译文中作主语
Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by people. 人们只能利用一小部分太阳能。 The whole village had been practically destroyed by the big flood. 洪水几乎完全淹没了整个村庄。 Those towering peaks are only to be scaled by the most daring. 那些高耸的山峰只有最勇敢的人才能攀登。
（一） 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
3. 在行为主体前使用“被”、“由”、“受”、“给”等字 在这类句子中，在“被”、“由”、“受”、“给”等字后 面，在动词前面，有一个名词作为该动词的逻辑主语。 The second half of her words was torn away by the strong wind. 她的后半句话给大风刮得听不见了。 All around, the hill were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周，由于蒙上了一层油，山峦是黑色的，有的山峦则被天然 气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。 The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飞机的推力由螺旋桨所产生。
（二） 把被动语态译成汉语主动句
2. 原文中的某一部分在译文中作主语
The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter. 下一章提供了有关的数字资料。 In that country the mobile phones were never produced. 那个国家从未生产过手机。 The power supply with constant voltage should be sued for this kind of refrigeratory. 这种冰箱应当使用稳压电源。 Even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature. 即使压力不变，气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。
（一） 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
1. 在谓语前面使用“被”字 当句中不出现行为主体时，有时可以在谓语前使用“被”字 来表示被动意义。 1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising. 这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告。 2) Up to now, sulphur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants. 到目前为止，二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中最严重的 一种。 3) The project on air pollution was shelved because of shortage of money. 空气污染的研究计划因资金短缺被搁置下来了。
1）When will we be interviewed? 我们什么时候来参加面试呢？ 2）New British and American films are often shown to English major juniors. 常给英语专业三年级的同学放映新的英美电影。 3）You are cordially invited to a dinner party to be given at the Workers’ Club in Xidan at 7 PM Nov. 23. 谨定于11月23日晚上7时在西单工人俱乐部举行晚宴，敬 请光临。 4）The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak French. 这个计划特别受到愿多有机会说法语的人的支持。
Nearly 600 tons of accumulated refuse and dregs were removed altogether in six days.
六天内运走了近六百吨堆积的垃圾和渣土。
Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with.