Lecture范畴词的翻译课件

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We should always be ready to admit what we know and do not know. (T)
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三、汉语范畴词英译方法
1. 省译使表达抽象化 1) 如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话,那 就要使他们沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。
Not to educate the children is to condemn them to repetitious ignorance.
Local authorities should work hard to create jobs.
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2. 转译法使表达抽象化
1)交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看 有没有修改的地方。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.
2 We have winked at these irregularities too long. 我们对这些越轨行为宽容得太久了。
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3 He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility. 据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深。
4 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties.
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四、英语抽象名词的汉译
1. 范畴化
英译汉时可以使英语抽象的概念具体化,根 据具体的语境加上 “方法”、“现象”、“局势 ”、“状态”、“情况”、“政策”、“做法”、“习 俗”、“精神”、态度”:“问题”等范畴词,使 译文含义清晰,行文流畅。
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1 It is enough to shatter complacency. 足以打破自满情绪。
他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的 局面。
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5) He discussed greatness and excellence. 他探讨了伟大和杰出的涵义。
6)He spoke with firmness, but his face was very sad and his eyes at times were dim. 他讲话时,态度坚定,但面带愁容, 时而眼神黯淡。
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8)各级政府必须解决提高工作效率的问题。 A: Governments at all levels must solve the problem of raising working efficiency.
B: Governments at all levels must increase working efficiency.
We shall accomplish this by a gradual transition. (T)
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发挥……功能,起到……作用
3)这项措施将对投机倒把活动起到限制作用. This measure will have a restrictive effect on the activities of speculators. (F)
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7) This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new and a better world. 现在该是我们两国人民为缔造一个崭新 的、更加美好的世界而攀登这一伟大境 界高峰的时候了。
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2) 我们应了解彼此的生活情况,建立人与 人之间友谊的纽带。
We should share the texture of our daily lives and forge the human bonds of friendship. living conditions: 生活条件 texture: 怎样生活或生活得如何
3)我们必须反对铺张浪费行为. We must oppose ( the practice ) of extravagance.
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4)这些困难的性质是暂时的. These hardships are temporary ( in nature).
5) 我们要重视沿海与内地贫富差距问题。 We must pay close attention to (the problem of) the gap between coastal and inland areas.
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✓ 干热环境 dry heat
✓ 计划生育工作 family planning
✓ 落后状态 backwardness
✓ 中国的现代化建设 China’s modernization
✓ 促进和平统一事业 promote peaceful reunification
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2023/9fusion measurement purification repetition management calculation accommodation joint saturation preparation remedies modification
This measure will restrict the activities of speculators. (T)
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实现(达到)……目标(目的) 4 )没有达到攻占长沙的目标. The target of capturing Changsha failed to be achieved. (F)
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二. 范畴词的分类
1. 名词性范畴词 工作,事业,关系,行为,因素,性质,局势,态度
1)计划工作中的严重失误 a serious mistake in (the work of ) planning
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2)经济领域的改革 reforms in (the sphere of ) the economy
They failed to capture Changsha. (T)
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采取……态度
5)我们必须采取"知之为知之,不知为不知" 的态度. In all matters we must assume the attitude of admitting what we know and do not know. (F)
一、范畴词的概念
具有概括意义; 表示人或事物分类范畴的词语; 常用在具体词的后面,对其进行分类总 括,以便与其它词语搭配.
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汉语里有些“范畴词”,其本身没有什么 具体含义,只是重复地概括已表达的意思, 但它们在汉语语法上却是不可缺少的词, 如“环境”、“工作”、“状态”、“时 期”、“历史”、“情况”、“因素”等。 这类词语表明事物的范畴或属性,大多没 有实质内容。若把他们搬到英语中势必冗 余过多,因此应该把他们省略不译。
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5. 用具体的词语阐释抽象的词义
1 The stars twinkled in transparent clarity. 星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。
2 No country should claim infallibility. 任何国家都不应该自称一贯正确。
3 She wondered whether her outspokeness might be a liability to Franklin. 她怀疑自己那么心直口快,是否会成为弗兰克林 的包袱。
1)We admire him for the way in which he faces his difficulties.
我们赞赏他面对各种困难的做法。
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2) activities samples types problems contradictions books sizes contents targets circumstances causes
1)Use your intelligence, and you're sure to achieve something.
发挥你的聪明才智, 你一定能取得成就。
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2) zealousness thought morality pride tediousness contemptibility silence leisure calmness cautiousness
2) He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions. 在决策过程中,他已经不那么抛头露面了。
3) High blood pressure is a contradiction for this drug. 高血压患者忌服此药。
活动→各种活动 样品→各种样品 型号→各种型号 问题→这些问题 矛盾→这些矛盾 书籍→各类书籍 尺寸→各类尺寸 内容→各项内容 指标→各项指标 情况→种种情况 原因→种种原因
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4. 用动词取代抽象名词
1)I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain. 雨无情地下个不停,我感到惊异。
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热情→热情大方 思想→思想意识 道德→道德品质 骄傲→骄傲自大 枯燥→枯燥无味 卑鄙→卑鄙无耻 沉默→沉默寡言 闲情→闲情逸致 坦然→坦然自若 谨慎→谨慎小心
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3. 译名词复数时增加表示门类、数量概念 的词 可数名词是复数形式时,可根据具体情 况增加表示门类、数量概念的词。这些 概念词常是“们、一些、许多、这些、那 些、各种、各类、各项、几个”等。
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2) 朋友们听到玛丽家的困难情况之后, 都主动向她伸出援助之手。
Mary’s friends offered her a helping hand after they heard about her family difficulty. 3)各地领导部门要努力开拓就业门路。
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2. 动词性范畴词
1)采取……办法 我们的部队采取了缓慢前进的办法. Our troops used the method of slow advance. (F) Our troops advanced slowly. (T)
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2)为做到这一点,将采取逐步过渡的办法. In order to accomplish this, an approach of gradual transition will be adopted. (F)
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4).This rambling propensity strengthened with
years. 岁月增添,游兴更浓。
5).On March 1, Nixon internationalized his approach to China. 3月1日,尼克松把对中国问题的看法扩 大到国际范围里了。
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6)中国与其它国家的密切合作关系 (the relationship of )close cooperation between China and other countries
7) 加快经济改革步伐 to accelerate (the pace of )economic reform
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静止→静止状态 混乱→混乱局面 测量→测量方法 净化→净化过程 重复→重复现象 管理→管理方式 计算→计算方法 住宿→住宿问题 连接→连接部分 饱和→饱和状态 准备→准备工作 补救→补救措施 修改→修改方案
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2.译抽象名词时增加另一个抽象名词
在抽象名词后面跟上另一个抽象名词来加 强语气,强调说明前一个名词,两个名 词互相解释。
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