浙江大学《新编大学英语综合教程(2)》(第3版)(课文精解 Unit 2)【圣才出品】

二、课文精解
Part1.Preparation
1.The second student is supposed to translate it back into English and whisper it to the third student.
短语be supposed to，其中to是动词不定式符号，不是介词，其后要跟动词原形。

当be supposed to的主语是“人”时，意为“应该，被期望”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。

例：You were supposed to be here an hour ago.你应该在一小时之前赶到这里。

当be supposed to...的主语是“物”时，它表示“本应；本该”，用于表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。

例：This meeting,and the entire arrangement,are supposed to be confidential.这次会议，以及整个的安排应该都是保密的。

be supposed to后面接“have+过去分词”时，表示“本应该做某事而没做”。

例：Last summer,he was supposed to have been best man at his brother’s wedding.
去年夏天他本该（本来应该）在他哥哥的婚礼上当伴郎.
2.A city man had a new car and decided to try it out by driving in the country.
try out试验，试用，尝试。

例：I wanted to try the boat out next weekend.我想下个周末去试一下这艘船。

Part2.Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
1.Everyone knew that people from Mars and people from Venus spoke different languages…
此句中的people from Mars和people from Venus分别表示男人和女人。

其出处为约翰·格雷的著作Men Are from Mars,Women Are from Venus（《男人来自火星，女人来自金星》）。

该书中，作者以男女来自不同的星球这一新鲜、生动、形象的比喻作为他的全部实践活动的理论支撑点：即男人和女人无论是在生理上还是心理上，无论是在语言上还是在情感上，都是大不相同的。

这一比喻贯穿着他的这本通俗的畅销读物之始终，并冠以书名之中。

2.…so when there was a conflict they didn’t start judging or fighting but instead pulled out their phrase dictionaries to understand each other more fully.
此句中but与前面的not搭配，构成not…but…句型，意为“不是…而是…”。

例：He believed that beauty was not something imposed,but something immanent.他认为美丽不是外在的而是内在的。

3.You see,the Martian and Venusian languages had the same words but different meanings depending on the way they were used.
现在分词短语depending on…作状语。

they were used作后置定语修饰way。

4.…I feel like you never listen…
feel like想要，感到好似。

其后一般接名词或动名词形式。

例：I feel like going to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.我好想明年暑假去一趟欧洲。

5.It is not to be taken as if it were factual information.
as if“好像，仿佛”，后接从句。

本句中使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反。

6.To fully express their feelings,women may exaggerate the facts a bit for effect…for effect为了给人良好的印象；为了得到效果。

例：Spent lavishly on dinner just for effect.晚餐吃得很奢侈浪费只是为了面子上好看。

7.The house is always a mess.
mess混乱，乱七八糟。

常用搭配为in a mess，意为“乱糟糟，一团糟”。

例：With divorce and Bankruptcy proceedings pending,his personal life was in a mess.
离婚和破产的官司使得他的生活陷入一片混乱当中。

8.You can see how a“literal”translation of a woman’s words could easily mislead a man who is used to using speech as a means of conveying mostly facts and information.
本句较长。

句子主干是You can see…。

其中how引导的从句作see的宾语。

该从句中，主语是a“literal”translation of a woman’s words，谓语是could easily mislead，
宾语是a man。

who引导的定语从句修饰man。

be used to doing习惯做某事。

as a means of作为一种手段，作为…的工具。

After-Class Reading
1.Baltimore：巴尔的摩是美国大西洋沿岸重要的海港城市。

2.Maryland：马里兰州(Maryland)位于美国东海岸中部。

3.…he got on a bus and headed straight for the restroom.
此处straight作副词，表示“径直地”。

head for前往，出发。

例：The ship leave the island and head for the mainland.那条船驶离该岛，向大陆开去。

4.By the time it reached the bus driver,it was not“there’s a bum in the restroom”but“there’s a bomb in the restroom.”
by the time等到，到…的时候。

by+时间名词（by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three o’clock），意为“到…时（已发生某事），此时谓语多用完成时。

例：By the end of last year,we had already completed ten projects.到去年年底，我们已经完成了10个项目。

5.Los Angeles：洛杉矶坐落在美国西海岸加利福尼亚州南部，是仅次于纽约的美国第2大城市。

6.Oakland：奥克兰是美国加利福尼亚州西部港市。

7.California：加利福尼亚州(California)是美国西部太平洋沿岸的一个州。

8.He thought he heard his flight announced…
其中his flight是hear的宾语，过去分词announced表示宾语与该动作之间是被动关系，announced在此处作宾语补足语。

其它一些动词也有此类用法，如feel,see,watch 等。

9.Auckland：澳克兰（Auckland）是新西兰第一大都市，全国工业、商业和经济贸易中心，集中全国近四分之一的人口。

10.New Zealand：新西兰（New Zealand），位于太平洋西南部，是个岛屿国家。

11.…misunderstandings among English-speaking people are not uncommon：
not uncommon为双重否定表肯定，意为“很普遍，很寻常”。

12.Not all misunderstandings result in highways being closed or passengers flying
to the wrong continent.
result in导致。

其中highways being closed和passengers flying to the wrong continent都是result in的宾语，其结构为名词+动名词词组。

13.…wondering what in the world he meant…
in the world此处意为“到底”，与其意思相近的词组还有on earth。

例：How on earth did you manage to get the car started?你到底是怎么把汽车发动起来的？
14.All day she wondered about her boss’strange question…
wonder about对…感到奇怪；对…感到疑惑。

例：People sometimes wonder about the future of the world.人们常常会对世界的未来感到疑虑。

15.But even that misunderstanding turned out all right in the end.
turn out此处意为“结果是”。

此外它还可表示“生产；关掉；出动；驱逐”。

in the end终于，最后。

例：He calmed down in the end.他的情绪终于平定下来。